xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c (revision 2008043f386721d58158e37e0d7e50df8095942d)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * Posix rand_r function added May 1999 by Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>.
32  */
33 
34 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rand.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/14/93";
36 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
37 #include "namespace.h"
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
40 #include <assert.h>
41 #include <pthread.h>
42 #include <stdbool.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <syslog.h>
45 #include "un-namespace.h"
46 
47 #include "libc_private.h"
48 #include "random.h"
49 
50 /*
51  * Implement rand(3), the standard C PRNG API, using the non-standard but
52  * higher quality random(3) implementation and the same size 128-byte state
53  * LFSR as the random(3) default.
54  *
55  * It turns out there are portable applications that want a PRNG but are too
56  * lazy to use better-but-nonstandard interfaces like random(3), when
57  * available, and too lazy to import higher-quality and faster PRNGs into their
58  * codebase (such as any of SFC, JSF, 128-bit LCGs, PCG, or Splitmix64).
59  *
60  * Since we're stuck with rand(3) due to the C standard, we can at least have
61  * it produce a relatively good PRNG sequence using our existing random(3)
62  * LFSR.  The random(3) design is not particularly fast nor compact, but it has
63  * the advantage of being the one already in the tree.
64  */
65 static struct __random_state *rand3_state;
66 static pthread_once_t rand3_state_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
67 
68 static void
69 initialize_rand3(void)
70 {
71 	int error;
72 
73 	rand3_state = allocatestate(TYPE_3);
74 	error = initstate_r(rand3_state, 1, rand3_state->rst_randtbl, BREAK_3);
75 	assert(error == 0);
76 }
77 
78 int
79 rand(void)
80 {
81 	_once(&rand3_state_once, initialize_rand3);
82 	return ((int)random_r(rand3_state));
83 }
84 
85 void
86 srand(unsigned seed)
87 {
88 	_once(&rand3_state_once, initialize_rand3);
89 	srandom_r(rand3_state, seed);
90 }
91 
92 /*
93  * FreeBSD 12 and prior compatibility implementation of rand(3).
94  */
95 static int
96 do_rand(unsigned long *ctx)
97 {
98 /*
99  * Compute x = (7^5 * x) mod (2^31 - 1)
100  * without overflowing 31 bits:
101  *      (2^31 - 1) = 127773 * (7^5) + 2836
102  * From "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find",
103  * Park and Miller, Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 10,
104  * October 1988, p. 1195.
105  */
106 	long hi, lo, x;
107 
108 	/* Transform to [1, 0x7ffffffe] range. */
109 	x = (*ctx % 0x7ffffffe) + 1;
110 	hi = x / 127773;
111 	lo = x % 127773;
112 	x = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi;
113 	if (x < 0)
114 		x += 0x7fffffff;
115 	/* Transform to [0, 0x7ffffffd] range. */
116 	x--;
117 	*ctx = x;
118 	return (x);
119 }
120 
121 /*
122  * Can't fix this garbage; too little state.
123  */
124 int
125 rand_r(unsigned *ctx)
126 {
127 	u_long val;
128 	int r;
129 
130 	val = *ctx;
131 	r = do_rand(&val);
132 	*ctx = (unsigned)val;
133 	return (r);
134 }
135 
136 static u_long next = 1;
137 
138 int __rand_fbsd12(void);
139 int
140 __rand_fbsd12(void)
141 {
142 	return (do_rand(&next));
143 }
144 __sym_compat(rand, __rand_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
145 
146 void __srand_fbsd12(unsigned seed);
147 void
148 __srand_fbsd12(unsigned seed)
149 {
150 	next = seed;
151 }
152 __sym_compat(srand, __srand_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
153 
154 void __sranddev_fbsd12(void);
155 void
156 __sranddev_fbsd12(void)
157 {
158 	static bool warned = false;
159 
160 	if (!warned) {
161 		syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Deprecated function sranddev() called");
162 		warned = true;
163 	}
164 }
165 __sym_compat(sranddev, __sranddev_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
166