xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.c (revision 38c63bdc46252d4d8cd313dff4183ec4546d26d9)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #include <errno.h>
33 #include <stdint.h>
34 #include <stdlib.h>
35 #include <string.h>
36 #include "libc_private.h"
37 
38 #if defined(I_AM_QSORT_R)
39 typedef int		 cmp_t(const void *, const void *, void *);
40 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_R_COMPAT)
41 typedef int		 cmp_t(void *, const void *, const void *);
42 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_S)
43 typedef int		 cmp_t(const void *, const void *, void *);
44 #else
45 typedef int		 cmp_t(const void *, const void *);
46 #endif
47 static inline char	*med3(char *, char *, char *, cmp_t *, void *);
48 
49 #define	MIN(a, b)	((a) < (b) ? a : b)
50 
51 /*
52  * Qsort routine from Bentley & McIlroy's "Engineering a Sort Function".
53  */
54 
55 static inline void
56 swapfunc(char *a, char *b, size_t es)
57 {
58 	char t;
59 
60 	do {
61 		t = *a;
62 		*a++ = *b;
63 		*b++ = t;
64 	} while (--es > 0);
65 }
66 
67 #define	vecswap(a, b, n)				\
68 	if ((n) > 0) swapfunc(a, b, n)
69 
70 #if defined(I_AM_QSORT_R)
71 #define	CMP(t, x, y) (cmp((x), (y), (t)))
72 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_R_COMPAT)
73 #define	CMP(t, x, y) (cmp((t), (x), (y)))
74 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_S)
75 #define	CMP(t, x, y) (cmp((x), (y), (t)))
76 #else
77 #define	CMP(t, x, y) (cmp((x), (y)))
78 #endif
79 
80 static inline char *
81 med3(char *a, char *b, char *c, cmp_t *cmp, void *thunk
82 #if !defined(I_AM_QSORT_R) && !defined(I_AM_QSORT_R_COMPAT) && !defined(I_AM_QSORT_S)
83 __unused
84 #endif
85 )
86 {
87 	return CMP(thunk, a, b) < 0 ?
88 	       (CMP(thunk, b, c) < 0 ? b : (CMP(thunk, a, c) < 0 ? c : a ))
89 	      :(CMP(thunk, b, c) > 0 ? b : (CMP(thunk, a, c) < 0 ? a : c ));
90 }
91 
92 /*
93  * The actual qsort() implementation is static to avoid preemptible calls when
94  * recursing. Also give them different names for improved debugging.
95  */
96 #if defined(I_AM_QSORT_R)
97 #define local_qsort local_qsort_r
98 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_R_COMPAT)
99 #define local_qsort local_qsort_r_compat
100 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_S)
101 #define local_qsort local_qsort_s
102 #endif
103 static void
104 local_qsort(void *a, size_t n, size_t es, cmp_t *cmp, void *thunk)
105 {
106 	char *pa, *pb, *pc, *pd, *pl, *pm, *pn;
107 	size_t d1, d2;
108 	int cmp_result;
109 	int swap_cnt;
110 
111 	/* if there are less than 2 elements, then sorting is not needed */
112 	if (__predict_false(n < 2))
113 		return;
114 loop:
115 	swap_cnt = 0;
116 	if (n < 7) {
117 		for (pm = (char *)a + es; pm < (char *)a + n * es; pm += es)
118 			for (pl = pm;
119 			     pl > (char *)a && CMP(thunk, pl - es, pl) > 0;
120 			     pl -= es)
121 				swapfunc(pl, pl - es, es);
122 		return;
123 	}
124 	pm = (char *)a + (n / 2) * es;
125 	if (n > 7) {
126 		pl = a;
127 		pn = (char *)a + (n - 1) * es;
128 		if (n > 40) {
129 			size_t d = (n / 8) * es;
130 
131 			pl = med3(pl, pl + d, pl + 2 * d, cmp, thunk);
132 			pm = med3(pm - d, pm, pm + d, cmp, thunk);
133 			pn = med3(pn - 2 * d, pn - d, pn, cmp, thunk);
134 		}
135 		pm = med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp, thunk);
136 	}
137 	swapfunc(a, pm, es);
138 	pa = pb = (char *)a + es;
139 
140 	pc = pd = (char *)a + (n - 1) * es;
141 	for (;;) {
142 		while (pb <= pc && (cmp_result = CMP(thunk, pb, a)) <= 0) {
143 			if (cmp_result == 0) {
144 				swap_cnt = 1;
145 				swapfunc(pa, pb, es);
146 				pa += es;
147 			}
148 			pb += es;
149 		}
150 		while (pb <= pc && (cmp_result = CMP(thunk, pc, a)) >= 0) {
151 			if (cmp_result == 0) {
152 				swap_cnt = 1;
153 				swapfunc(pc, pd, es);
154 				pd -= es;
155 			}
156 			pc -= es;
157 		}
158 		if (pb > pc)
159 			break;
160 		swapfunc(pb, pc, es);
161 		swap_cnt = 1;
162 		pb += es;
163 		pc -= es;
164 	}
165 	if (swap_cnt == 0) {  /* Switch to insertion sort */
166 		for (pm = (char *)a + es; pm < (char *)a + n * es; pm += es)
167 			for (pl = pm;
168 			     pl > (char *)a && CMP(thunk, pl - es, pl) > 0;
169 			     pl -= es)
170 				swapfunc(pl, pl - es, es);
171 		return;
172 	}
173 
174 	pn = (char *)a + n * es;
175 	d1 = MIN(pa - (char *)a, pb - pa);
176 	vecswap(a, pb - d1, d1);
177 	/*
178 	 * Cast es to preserve signedness of right-hand side of MIN()
179 	 * expression, to avoid sign ambiguity in the implied comparison.  es
180 	 * is safely within [0, SSIZE_MAX].
181 	 */
182 	d1 = MIN(pd - pc, pn - pd - (ssize_t)es);
183 	vecswap(pb, pn - d1, d1);
184 
185 	d1 = pb - pa;
186 	d2 = pd - pc;
187 	if (d1 <= d2) {
188 		/* Recurse on left partition, then iterate on right partition */
189 		if (d1 > es) {
190 			local_qsort(a, d1 / es, es, cmp, thunk);
191 		}
192 		if (d2 > es) {
193 			/* Iterate rather than recurse to save stack space */
194 			/* qsort(pn - d2, d2 / es, es, cmp); */
195 			a = pn - d2;
196 			n = d2 / es;
197 			goto loop;
198 		}
199 	} else {
200 		/* Recurse on right partition, then iterate on left partition */
201 		if (d2 > es) {
202 			local_qsort(pn - d2, d2 / es, es, cmp, thunk);
203 		}
204 		if (d1 > es) {
205 			/* Iterate rather than recurse to save stack space */
206 			/* qsort(a, d1 / es, es, cmp); */
207 			n = d1 / es;
208 			goto loop;
209 		}
210 	}
211 }
212 
213 #if defined(I_AM_QSORT_R)
214 void
215 (qsort_r)(void *a, size_t n, size_t es, cmp_t *cmp, void *thunk)
216 {
217 	local_qsort_r(a, n, es, cmp, thunk);
218 }
219 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_R_COMPAT)
220 void
221 __qsort_r_compat(void *a, size_t n, size_t es, void *thunk, cmp_t *cmp)
222 {
223 	local_qsort_r_compat(a, n, es, cmp, thunk);
224 }
225 #elif defined(I_AM_QSORT_S)
226 errno_t
227 qsort_s(void *a, rsize_t n, rsize_t es, cmp_t *cmp, void *thunk)
228 {
229 	if (n > RSIZE_MAX) {
230 		__throw_constraint_handler_s("qsort_s : n > RSIZE_MAX", EINVAL);
231 		return (EINVAL);
232 	} else if (es > RSIZE_MAX) {
233 		__throw_constraint_handler_s("qsort_s : es > RSIZE_MAX",
234 		    EINVAL);
235 		return (EINVAL);
236 	} else if (n != 0) {
237 		if (a == NULL) {
238 			__throw_constraint_handler_s("qsort_s : a == NULL",
239 			    EINVAL);
240 			return (EINVAL);
241 		} else if (cmp == NULL) {
242 			__throw_constraint_handler_s("qsort_s : cmp == NULL",
243 			    EINVAL);
244 			return (EINVAL);
245 		} else if (es <= 0) {
246 			__throw_constraint_handler_s("qsort_s : es <= 0",
247 			    EINVAL);
248 			return (EINVAL);
249 		}
250 	}
251 
252 	local_qsort_s(a, n, es, cmp, thunk);
253 	return (0);
254 }
255 #else
256 void
257 qsort(void *a, size_t n, size_t es, cmp_t *cmp)
258 {
259 	local_qsort(a, n, es, cmp, NULL);
260 }
261 #endif
262