xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdio/vfprintf.c (revision cacdd70cc751fb68dec4b86c5e5b8c969b6e26ef)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Chris Torek.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
34 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vfprintf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
35 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
37 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
38 
39 /*
40  * Actual printf innards.
41  *
42  * This code is large and complicated...
43  */
44 
45 #include "namespace.h"
46 #include <sys/types.h>
47 
48 #include <ctype.h>
49 #include <limits.h>
50 #include <locale.h>
51 #include <stddef.h>
52 #include <stdint.h>
53 #include <stdio.h>
54 #include <stdlib.h>
55 #include <string.h>
56 #include <wchar.h>
57 #include <printf.h>
58 
59 #include <stdarg.h>
60 #include "un-namespace.h"
61 
62 #include "libc_private.h"
63 #include "local.h"
64 #include "fvwrite.h"
65 #include "printflocal.h"
66 
67 static int	__sprint(FILE *, struct __suio *);
68 static int	__sbprintf(FILE *, const char *, va_list) __printflike(2, 0);
69 static char	*__ujtoa(uintmax_t, char *, int, int, const char *, int, char,
70 		    const char *);
71 static char	*__ultoa(u_long, char *, int, int, const char *, int, char,
72 		    const char *);
73 static char	*__wcsconv(wchar_t *, int);
74 
75 /*
76  * Flush out all the vectors defined by the given uio,
77  * then reset it so that it can be reused.
78  */
79 static int
80 __sprint(FILE *fp, struct __suio *uio)
81 {
82 	int err;
83 
84 	if (uio->uio_resid == 0) {
85 		uio->uio_iovcnt = 0;
86 		return (0);
87 	}
88 	err = __sfvwrite(fp, uio);
89 	uio->uio_resid = 0;
90 	uio->uio_iovcnt = 0;
91 	return (err);
92 }
93 
94 /*
95  * Helper function for `fprintf to unbuffered unix file': creates a
96  * temporary buffer.  We only work on write-only files; this avoids
97  * worries about ungetc buffers and so forth.
98  */
99 static int
100 __sbprintf(FILE *fp, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
101 {
102 	int ret;
103 	FILE fake;
104 	unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
105 
106 	/* copy the important variables */
107 	fake._flags = fp->_flags & ~__SNBF;
108 	fake._file = fp->_file;
109 	fake._cookie = fp->_cookie;
110 	fake._write = fp->_write;
111 	fake._orientation = fp->_orientation;
112 	fake._mbstate = fp->_mbstate;
113 
114 	/* set up the buffer */
115 	fake._bf._base = fake._p = buf;
116 	fake._bf._size = fake._w = sizeof(buf);
117 	fake._lbfsize = 0;	/* not actually used, but Just In Case */
118 
119 	/* do the work, then copy any error status */
120 	ret = __vfprintf(&fake, fmt, ap);
121 	if (ret >= 0 && __fflush(&fake))
122 		ret = EOF;
123 	if (fake._flags & __SERR)
124 		fp->_flags |= __SERR;
125 	return (ret);
126 }
127 
128 /*
129  * Convert an unsigned long to ASCII for printf purposes, returning
130  * a pointer to the first character of the string representation.
131  * Octal numbers can be forced to have a leading zero; hex numbers
132  * use the given digits.
133  */
134 static char *
135 __ultoa(u_long val, char *endp, int base, int octzero, const char *xdigs,
136 	int needgrp, char thousep, const char *grp)
137 {
138 	char *cp = endp;
139 	long sval;
140 	int ndig;
141 
142 	/*
143 	 * Handle the three cases separately, in the hope of getting
144 	 * better/faster code.
145 	 */
146 	switch (base) {
147 	case 10:
148 		if (val < 10) {	/* many numbers are 1 digit */
149 			*--cp = to_char(val);
150 			return (cp);
151 		}
152 		ndig = 0;
153 		/*
154 		 * On many machines, unsigned arithmetic is harder than
155 		 * signed arithmetic, so we do at most one unsigned mod and
156 		 * divide; this is sufficient to reduce the range of
157 		 * the incoming value to where signed arithmetic works.
158 		 */
159 		if (val > LONG_MAX) {
160 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
161 			ndig++;
162 			sval = val / 10;
163 		} else
164 			sval = val;
165 		do {
166 			*--cp = to_char(sval % 10);
167 			ndig++;
168 			/*
169 			 * If (*grp == CHAR_MAX) then no more grouping
170 			 * should be performed.
171 			 */
172 			if (needgrp && ndig == *grp && *grp != CHAR_MAX
173 					&& sval > 9) {
174 				*--cp = thousep;
175 				ndig = 0;
176 				/*
177 				 * If (*(grp+1) == '\0') then we have to
178 				 * use *grp character (last grouping rule)
179 				 * for all next cases
180 				 */
181 				if (*(grp+1) != '\0')
182 					grp++;
183 			}
184 			sval /= 10;
185 		} while (sval != 0);
186 		break;
187 
188 	case 8:
189 		do {
190 			*--cp = to_char(val & 7);
191 			val >>= 3;
192 		} while (val);
193 		if (octzero && *cp != '0')
194 			*--cp = '0';
195 		break;
196 
197 	case 16:
198 		do {
199 			*--cp = xdigs[val & 15];
200 			val >>= 4;
201 		} while (val);
202 		break;
203 
204 	default:			/* oops */
205 		abort();
206 	}
207 	return (cp);
208 }
209 
210 /* Identical to __ultoa, but for intmax_t. */
211 static char *
212 __ujtoa(uintmax_t val, char *endp, int base, int octzero, const char *xdigs,
213 	int needgrp, char thousep, const char *grp)
214 {
215 	char *cp = endp;
216 	intmax_t sval;
217 	int ndig;
218 
219 	/* quick test for small values; __ultoa is typically much faster */
220 	/* (perhaps instead we should run until small, then call __ultoa?) */
221 	if (val <= ULONG_MAX)
222 		return (__ultoa((u_long)val, endp, base, octzero, xdigs,
223 		    needgrp, thousep, grp));
224 	switch (base) {
225 	case 10:
226 		if (val < 10) {
227 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
228 			return (cp);
229 		}
230 		ndig = 0;
231 		if (val > INTMAX_MAX) {
232 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
233 			ndig++;
234 			sval = val / 10;
235 		} else
236 			sval = val;
237 		do {
238 			*--cp = to_char(sval % 10);
239 			ndig++;
240 			/*
241 			 * If (*grp == CHAR_MAX) then no more grouping
242 			 * should be performed.
243 			 */
244 			if (needgrp && *grp != CHAR_MAX && ndig == *grp
245 					&& sval > 9) {
246 				*--cp = thousep;
247 				ndig = 0;
248 				/*
249 				 * If (*(grp+1) == '\0') then we have to
250 				 * use *grp character (last grouping rule)
251 				 * for all next cases
252 				 */
253 				if (*(grp+1) != '\0')
254 					grp++;
255 			}
256 			sval /= 10;
257 		} while (sval != 0);
258 		break;
259 
260 	case 8:
261 		do {
262 			*--cp = to_char(val & 7);
263 			val >>= 3;
264 		} while (val);
265 		if (octzero && *cp != '0')
266 			*--cp = '0';
267 		break;
268 
269 	case 16:
270 		do {
271 			*--cp = xdigs[val & 15];
272 			val >>= 4;
273 		} while (val);
274 		break;
275 
276 	default:
277 		abort();
278 	}
279 	return (cp);
280 }
281 
282 /*
283  * Convert a wide character string argument for the %ls format to a multibyte
284  * string representation. If not -1, prec specifies the maximum number of
285  * bytes to output, and also means that we can't assume that the wide char.
286  * string ends is null-terminated.
287  */
288 static char *
289 __wcsconv(wchar_t *wcsarg, int prec)
290 {
291 	static const mbstate_t initial;
292 	mbstate_t mbs;
293 	char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
294 	wchar_t *p;
295 	char *convbuf;
296 	size_t clen, nbytes;
297 
298 	/* Allocate space for the maximum number of bytes we could output. */
299 	if (prec < 0) {
300 		p = wcsarg;
301 		mbs = initial;
302 		nbytes = wcsrtombs(NULL, (const wchar_t **)&p, 0, &mbs);
303 		if (nbytes == (size_t)-1)
304 			return (NULL);
305 	} else {
306 		/*
307 		 * Optimisation: if the output precision is small enough,
308 		 * just allocate enough memory for the maximum instead of
309 		 * scanning the string.
310 		 */
311 		if (prec < 128)
312 			nbytes = prec;
313 		else {
314 			nbytes = 0;
315 			p = wcsarg;
316 			mbs = initial;
317 			for (;;) {
318 				clen = wcrtomb(buf, *p++, &mbs);
319 				if (clen == 0 || clen == (size_t)-1 ||
320 				    nbytes + clen > prec)
321 					break;
322 				nbytes += clen;
323 			}
324 		}
325 	}
326 	if ((convbuf = malloc(nbytes + 1)) == NULL)
327 		return (NULL);
328 
329 	/* Fill the output buffer. */
330 	p = wcsarg;
331 	mbs = initial;
332 	if ((nbytes = wcsrtombs(convbuf, (const wchar_t **)&p,
333 	    nbytes, &mbs)) == (size_t)-1) {
334 		free(convbuf);
335 		return (NULL);
336 	}
337 	convbuf[nbytes] = '\0';
338 	return (convbuf);
339 }
340 
341 /*
342  * MT-safe version
343  */
344 int
345 vfprintf(FILE * __restrict fp, const char * __restrict fmt0, va_list ap)
346 
347 {
348 	int ret;
349 
350 	FLOCKFILE(fp);
351 	ret = __vfprintf(fp, fmt0, ap);
352 	FUNLOCKFILE(fp);
353 	return (ret);
354 }
355 
356 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
357 
358 #define	dtoa		__dtoa
359 #define	freedtoa	__freedtoa
360 
361 #include <float.h>
362 #include <math.h>
363 #include "floatio.h"
364 #include "gdtoa.h"
365 
366 #define	DEFPREC		6
367 
368 static int exponent(char *, int, int);
369 
370 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
371 
372 /*
373  * The size of the buffer we use as scratch space for integer
374  * conversions, among other things.  Technically, we would need the
375  * most space for base 10 conversions with thousands' grouping
376  * characters between each pair of digits.  100 bytes is a
377  * conservative overestimate even for a 128-bit uintmax_t.
378  */
379 #define	BUF	100
380 
381 /*
382  * Non-MT-safe version
383  */
384 int
385 __vfprintf(FILE *fp, const char *fmt0, va_list ap)
386 {
387 	char *fmt;		/* format string */
388 	int ch;			/* character from fmt */
389 	int n, n2;		/* handy integer (short term usage) */
390 	char *cp;		/* handy char pointer (short term usage) */
391 	struct __siov *iovp;	/* for PRINT macro */
392 	int flags;		/* flags as above */
393 	int ret;		/* return value accumulator */
394 	int width;		/* width from format (%8d), or 0 */
395 	int prec;		/* precision from format; <0 for N/A */
396 	char sign;		/* sign prefix (' ', '+', '-', or \0) */
397 	char thousands_sep;	/* locale specific thousands separator */
398 	const char *grouping;	/* locale specific numeric grouping rules */
399 
400 	if (__use_xprintf == 0 && getenv("USE_XPRINTF"))
401 		__use_xprintf = 1;
402 	if (__use_xprintf > 0)
403 		return (__xvprintf(fp, fmt0, ap));
404 
405 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
406 	/*
407 	 * We can decompose the printed representation of floating
408 	 * point numbers into several parts, some of which may be empty:
409 	 *
410 	 * [+|-| ] [0x|0X] MMM . NNN [e|E|p|P] [+|-] ZZ
411 	 *    A       B     ---C---      D       E   F
412 	 *
413 	 * A:	'sign' holds this value if present; '\0' otherwise
414 	 * B:	ox[1] holds the 'x' or 'X'; '\0' if not hexadecimal
415 	 * C:	cp points to the string MMMNNN.  Leading and trailing
416 	 *	zeros are not in the string and must be added.
417 	 * D:	expchar holds this character; '\0' if no exponent, e.g. %f
418 	 * F:	at least two digits for decimal, at least one digit for hex
419 	 */
420 	char *decimal_point;	/* locale specific decimal point */
421 	int signflag;		/* true if float is negative */
422 	union {			/* floating point arguments %[aAeEfFgG] */
423 		double dbl;
424 		long double ldbl;
425 	} fparg;
426 	int expt;		/* integer value of exponent */
427 	char expchar;		/* exponent character: [eEpP\0] */
428 	char *dtoaend;		/* pointer to end of converted digits */
429 	int expsize;		/* character count for expstr */
430 	int lead;		/* sig figs before decimal or group sep */
431 	int ndig;		/* actual number of digits returned by dtoa */
432 	char expstr[MAXEXPDIG+2];	/* buffer for exponent string: e+ZZZ */
433 	char *dtoaresult;	/* buffer allocated by dtoa */
434 	int nseps;		/* number of group separators with ' */
435 	int nrepeats;		/* number of repeats of the last group */
436 #endif
437 	u_long	ulval;		/* integer arguments %[diouxX] */
438 	uintmax_t ujval;	/* %j, %ll, %q, %t, %z integers */
439 	int base;		/* base for [diouxX] conversion */
440 	int dprec;		/* a copy of prec if [diouxX], 0 otherwise */
441 	int realsz;		/* field size expanded by dprec, sign, etc */
442 	int size;		/* size of converted field or string */
443 	int prsize;             /* max size of printed field */
444 	const char *xdigs;     	/* digits for %[xX] conversion */
445 #define NIOV 8
446 	struct __suio uio;	/* output information: summary */
447 	struct __siov iov[NIOV];/* ... and individual io vectors */
448 	char buf[BUF];		/* buffer with space for digits of uintmax_t */
449 	char ox[2];		/* space for 0x; ox[1] is either x, X, or \0 */
450 	union arg *argtable;    /* args, built due to positional arg */
451 	union arg statargtable [STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE];
452 	int nextarg;            /* 1-based argument index */
453 	va_list orgap;          /* original argument pointer */
454 	char *convbuf;		/* wide to multibyte conversion result */
455 
456 	/*
457 	 * Choose PADSIZE to trade efficiency vs. size.  If larger printf
458 	 * fields occur frequently, increase PADSIZE and make the initialisers
459 	 * below longer.
460 	 */
461 #define	PADSIZE	16		/* pad chunk size */
462 	static char blanks[PADSIZE] =
463 	 {' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '};
464 	static char zeroes[PADSIZE] =
465 	 {'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'};
466 
467 	static const char xdigs_lower[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
468 	static const char xdigs_upper[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
469 
470 	/*
471 	 * BEWARE, these `goto error' on error, and PAD uses `n'.
472 	 */
473 #define	PRINT(ptr, len) { \
474 	iovp->iov_base = (ptr); \
475 	iovp->iov_len = (len); \
476 	uio.uio_resid += (len); \
477 	iovp++; \
478 	if (++uio.uio_iovcnt >= NIOV) { \
479 		if (__sprint(fp, &uio)) \
480 			goto error; \
481 		iovp = iov; \
482 	} \
483 }
484 #define	PAD(howmany, with) { \
485 	if ((n = (howmany)) > 0) { \
486 		while (n > PADSIZE) { \
487 			PRINT(with, PADSIZE); \
488 			n -= PADSIZE; \
489 		} \
490 		PRINT(with, n); \
491 	} \
492 }
493 #define	PRINTANDPAD(p, ep, len, with) do {	\
494 	n2 = (ep) - (p);       			\
495 	if (n2 > (len))				\
496 		n2 = (len);			\
497 	if (n2 > 0)				\
498 		PRINT((p), n2);			\
499 	PAD((len) - (n2 > 0 ? n2 : 0), (with));	\
500 } while(0)
501 #define	FLUSH() { \
502 	if (uio.uio_resid && __sprint(fp, &uio)) \
503 		goto error; \
504 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 0; \
505 	iovp = iov; \
506 }
507 
508 	/*
509 	 * Get the argument indexed by nextarg.   If the argument table is
510 	 * built, use it to get the argument.  If its not, get the next
511 	 * argument (and arguments must be gotten sequentially).
512 	 */
513 #define GETARG(type) \
514 	((argtable != NULL) ? *((type*)(&argtable[nextarg++])) : \
515 	    (nextarg++, va_arg(ap, type)))
516 
517 	/*
518 	 * To extend shorts properly, we need both signed and unsigned
519 	 * argument extraction methods.
520 	 */
521 #define	SARG() \
522 	(flags&LONGINT ? GETARG(long) : \
523 	    flags&SHORTINT ? (long)(short)GETARG(int) : \
524 	    flags&CHARINT ? (long)(signed char)GETARG(int) : \
525 	    (long)GETARG(int))
526 #define	UARG() \
527 	(flags&LONGINT ? GETARG(u_long) : \
528 	    flags&SHORTINT ? (u_long)(u_short)GETARG(int) : \
529 	    flags&CHARINT ? (u_long)(u_char)GETARG(int) : \
530 	    (u_long)GETARG(u_int))
531 #define	INTMAX_SIZE	(INTMAXT|SIZET|PTRDIFFT|LLONGINT)
532 #define SJARG() \
533 	(flags&INTMAXT ? GETARG(intmax_t) : \
534 	    flags&SIZET ? (intmax_t)GETARG(size_t) : \
535 	    flags&PTRDIFFT ? (intmax_t)GETARG(ptrdiff_t) : \
536 	    (intmax_t)GETARG(long long))
537 #define	UJARG() \
538 	(flags&INTMAXT ? GETARG(uintmax_t) : \
539 	    flags&SIZET ? (uintmax_t)GETARG(size_t) : \
540 	    flags&PTRDIFFT ? (uintmax_t)GETARG(ptrdiff_t) : \
541 	    (uintmax_t)GETARG(unsigned long long))
542 
543 	/*
544 	 * Get * arguments, including the form *nn$.  Preserve the nextarg
545 	 * that the argument can be gotten once the type is determined.
546 	 */
547 #define GETASTER(val) \
548 	n2 = 0; \
549 	cp = fmt; \
550 	while (is_digit(*cp)) { \
551 		n2 = 10 * n2 + to_digit(*cp); \
552 		cp++; \
553 	} \
554 	if (*cp == '$') { \
555 		int hold = nextarg; \
556 		if (argtable == NULL) { \
557 			argtable = statargtable; \
558 			if (__find_arguments (fmt0, orgap, &argtable)) { \
559 				ret = EOF; \
560 				goto error; \
561 			} \
562 		} \
563 		nextarg = n2; \
564 		val = GETARG (int); \
565 		nextarg = hold; \
566 		fmt = ++cp; \
567 	} else { \
568 		val = GETARG (int); \
569 	}
570 
571 
572 	thousands_sep = '\0';
573 	grouping = NULL;
574 	convbuf = NULL;
575 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
576 	dtoaresult = NULL;
577 	decimal_point = localeconv()->decimal_point;
578 #endif
579 	/* sorry, fprintf(read_only_file, "") returns EOF, not 0 */
580 	if (prepwrite(fp) != 0)
581 		return (EOF);
582 
583 	/* optimise fprintf(stderr) (and other unbuffered Unix files) */
584 	if ((fp->_flags & (__SNBF|__SWR|__SRW)) == (__SNBF|__SWR) &&
585 	    fp->_file >= 0)
586 		return (__sbprintf(fp, fmt0, ap));
587 
588 	fmt = (char *)fmt0;
589 	argtable = NULL;
590 	nextarg = 1;
591 	va_copy(orgap, ap);
592 	uio.uio_iov = iovp = iov;
593 	uio.uio_resid = 0;
594 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 0;
595 	ret = 0;
596 
597 	/*
598 	 * Scan the format for conversions (`%' character).
599 	 */
600 	for (;;) {
601 		for (cp = fmt; (ch = *fmt) != '\0' && ch != '%'; fmt++)
602 			/* void */;
603 		if ((n = fmt - cp) != 0) {
604 			if ((unsigned)ret + n > INT_MAX) {
605 				ret = EOF;
606 				goto error;
607 			}
608 			PRINT(cp, n);
609 			ret += n;
610 		}
611 		if (ch == '\0')
612 			goto done;
613 		fmt++;		/* skip over '%' */
614 
615 		flags = 0;
616 		dprec = 0;
617 		width = 0;
618 		prec = -1;
619 		sign = '\0';
620 		ox[1] = '\0';
621 
622 rflag:		ch = *fmt++;
623 reswitch:	switch (ch) {
624 		case ' ':
625 			/*-
626 			 * ``If the space and + flags both appear, the space
627 			 * flag will be ignored.''
628 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
629 			 */
630 			if (!sign)
631 				sign = ' ';
632 			goto rflag;
633 		case '#':
634 			flags |= ALT;
635 			goto rflag;
636 		case '*':
637 			/*-
638 			 * ``A negative field width argument is taken as a
639 			 * - flag followed by a positive field width.''
640 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
641 			 * They don't exclude field widths read from args.
642 			 */
643 			GETASTER (width);
644 			if (width >= 0)
645 				goto rflag;
646 			width = -width;
647 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
648 		case '-':
649 			flags |= LADJUST;
650 			goto rflag;
651 		case '+':
652 			sign = '+';
653 			goto rflag;
654 		case '\'':
655 			flags |= GROUPING;
656 			thousands_sep = *(localeconv()->thousands_sep);
657 			grouping = localeconv()->grouping;
658 			goto rflag;
659 		case '.':
660 			if ((ch = *fmt++) == '*') {
661 				GETASTER (prec);
662 				goto rflag;
663 			}
664 			prec = 0;
665 			while (is_digit(ch)) {
666 				prec = 10 * prec + to_digit(ch);
667 				ch = *fmt++;
668 			}
669 			goto reswitch;
670 		case '0':
671 			/*-
672 			 * ``Note that 0 is taken as a flag, not as the
673 			 * beginning of a field width.''
674 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
675 			 */
676 			flags |= ZEROPAD;
677 			goto rflag;
678 		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
679 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
680 			n = 0;
681 			do {
682 				n = 10 * n + to_digit(ch);
683 				ch = *fmt++;
684 			} while (is_digit(ch));
685 			if (ch == '$') {
686 				nextarg = n;
687 				if (argtable == NULL) {
688 					argtable = statargtable;
689 					if (__find_arguments (fmt0, orgap,
690 							      &argtable)) {
691 						ret = EOF;
692 						goto error;
693 					}
694 				}
695 				goto rflag;
696 			}
697 			width = n;
698 			goto reswitch;
699 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
700 		case 'L':
701 			flags |= LONGDBL;
702 			goto rflag;
703 #endif
704 		case 'h':
705 			if (flags & SHORTINT) {
706 				flags &= ~SHORTINT;
707 				flags |= CHARINT;
708 			} else
709 				flags |= SHORTINT;
710 			goto rflag;
711 		case 'j':
712 			flags |= INTMAXT;
713 			goto rflag;
714 		case 'l':
715 			if (flags & LONGINT) {
716 				flags &= ~LONGINT;
717 				flags |= LLONGINT;
718 			} else
719 				flags |= LONGINT;
720 			goto rflag;
721 		case 'q':
722 			flags |= LLONGINT;	/* not necessarily */
723 			goto rflag;
724 		case 't':
725 			flags |= PTRDIFFT;
726 			goto rflag;
727 		case 'z':
728 			flags |= SIZET;
729 			goto rflag;
730 		case 'C':
731 			flags |= LONGINT;
732 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
733 		case 'c':
734 			if (flags & LONGINT) {
735 				static const mbstate_t initial;
736 				mbstate_t mbs;
737 				size_t mbseqlen;
738 
739 				mbs = initial;
740 				mbseqlen = wcrtomb(cp = buf,
741 				    (wchar_t)GETARG(wint_t), &mbs);
742 				if (mbseqlen == (size_t)-1) {
743 					fp->_flags |= __SERR;
744 					goto error;
745 				}
746 				size = (int)mbseqlen;
747 			} else {
748 				*(cp = buf) = GETARG(int);
749 				size = 1;
750 			}
751 			sign = '\0';
752 			break;
753 		case 'D':
754 			flags |= LONGINT;
755 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
756 		case 'd':
757 		case 'i':
758 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE) {
759 				ujval = SJARG();
760 				if ((intmax_t)ujval < 0) {
761 					ujval = -ujval;
762 					sign = '-';
763 				}
764 			} else {
765 				ulval = SARG();
766 				if ((long)ulval < 0) {
767 					ulval = -ulval;
768 					sign = '-';
769 				}
770 			}
771 			base = 10;
772 			goto number;
773 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
774 		case 'a':
775 		case 'A':
776 			if (ch == 'a') {
777 				ox[1] = 'x';
778 				xdigs = xdigs_lower;
779 				expchar = 'p';
780 			} else {
781 				ox[1] = 'X';
782 				xdigs = xdigs_upper;
783 				expchar = 'P';
784 			}
785 			if (prec >= 0)
786 				prec++;
787 			if (dtoaresult != NULL)
788 				freedtoa(dtoaresult);
789 			if (flags & LONGDBL) {
790 				fparg.ldbl = GETARG(long double);
791 				dtoaresult = cp =
792 				    __hldtoa(fparg.ldbl, xdigs, prec,
793 				    &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
794 			} else {
795 				fparg.dbl = GETARG(double);
796 				dtoaresult = cp =
797 				    __hdtoa(fparg.dbl, xdigs, prec,
798 				    &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
799 			}
800 			if (prec < 0)
801 				prec = dtoaend - cp;
802 			if (expt == INT_MAX)
803 				ox[1] = '\0';
804 			goto fp_common;
805 		case 'e':
806 		case 'E':
807 			expchar = ch;
808 			if (prec < 0)	/* account for digit before decpt */
809 				prec = DEFPREC + 1;
810 			else
811 				prec++;
812 			goto fp_begin;
813 		case 'f':
814 		case 'F':
815 			expchar = '\0';
816 			goto fp_begin;
817 		case 'g':
818 		case 'G':
819 			expchar = ch - ('g' - 'e');
820 			if (prec == 0)
821 				prec = 1;
822 fp_begin:
823 			if (prec < 0)
824 				prec = DEFPREC;
825 			if (dtoaresult != NULL)
826 				freedtoa(dtoaresult);
827 			if (flags & LONGDBL) {
828 				fparg.ldbl = GETARG(long double);
829 				dtoaresult = cp =
830 				    __ldtoa(&fparg.ldbl, expchar ? 2 : 3, prec,
831 				    &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
832 			} else {
833 				fparg.dbl = GETARG(double);
834 				dtoaresult = cp =
835 				    dtoa(fparg.dbl, expchar ? 2 : 3, prec,
836 				    &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
837 				if (expt == 9999)
838 					expt = INT_MAX;
839 			}
840 fp_common:
841 			if (signflag)
842 				sign = '-';
843 			if (expt == INT_MAX) {	/* inf or nan */
844 				if (*cp == 'N') {
845 					cp = (ch >= 'a') ? "nan" : "NAN";
846 					sign = '\0';
847 				} else
848 					cp = (ch >= 'a') ? "inf" : "INF";
849 				size = 3;
850 				flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
851 				break;
852 			}
853 			flags |= FPT;
854 			ndig = dtoaend - cp;
855 			if (ch == 'g' || ch == 'G') {
856 				if (expt > -4 && expt <= prec) {
857 					/* Make %[gG] smell like %[fF] */
858 					expchar = '\0';
859 					if (flags & ALT)
860 						prec -= expt;
861 					else
862 						prec = ndig - expt;
863 					if (prec < 0)
864 						prec = 0;
865 				} else {
866 					/*
867 					 * Make %[gG] smell like %[eE], but
868 					 * trim trailing zeroes if no # flag.
869 					 */
870 					if (!(flags & ALT))
871 						prec = ndig;
872 				}
873 			}
874 			if (expchar) {
875 				expsize = exponent(expstr, expt - 1, expchar);
876 				size = expsize + prec;
877 				if (prec > 1 || flags & ALT)
878 					++size;
879 			} else {
880 				/* space for digits before decimal point */
881 				if (expt > 0)
882 					size = expt;
883 				else	/* "0" */
884 					size = 1;
885 				/* space for decimal pt and following digits */
886 				if (prec || flags & ALT)
887 					size += prec + 1;
888 				if (grouping && expt > 0) {
889 					/* space for thousands' grouping */
890 					nseps = nrepeats = 0;
891 					lead = expt;
892 					while (*grouping != CHAR_MAX) {
893 						if (lead <= *grouping)
894 							break;
895 						lead -= *grouping;
896 						if (*(grouping+1)) {
897 							nseps++;
898 							grouping++;
899 						} else
900 							nrepeats++;
901 					}
902 					size += nseps + nrepeats;
903 				} else
904 					lead = expt;
905 			}
906 			break;
907 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
908 		case 'n':
909 			/*
910 			 * Assignment-like behavior is specified if the
911 			 * value overflows or is otherwise unrepresentable.
912 			 * C99 says to use `signed char' for %hhn conversions.
913 			 */
914 			if (flags & LLONGINT)
915 				*GETARG(long long *) = ret;
916 			else if (flags & SIZET)
917 				*GETARG(ssize_t *) = (ssize_t)ret;
918 			else if (flags & PTRDIFFT)
919 				*GETARG(ptrdiff_t *) = ret;
920 			else if (flags & INTMAXT)
921 				*GETARG(intmax_t *) = ret;
922 			else if (flags & LONGINT)
923 				*GETARG(long *) = ret;
924 			else if (flags & SHORTINT)
925 				*GETARG(short *) = ret;
926 			else if (flags & CHARINT)
927 				*GETARG(signed char *) = ret;
928 			else
929 				*GETARG(int *) = ret;
930 			continue;	/* no output */
931 		case 'O':
932 			flags |= LONGINT;
933 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
934 		case 'o':
935 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE)
936 				ujval = UJARG();
937 			else
938 				ulval = UARG();
939 			base = 8;
940 			goto nosign;
941 		case 'p':
942 			/*-
943 			 * ``The argument shall be a pointer to void.  The
944 			 * value of the pointer is converted to a sequence
945 			 * of printable characters, in an implementation-
946 			 * defined manner.''
947 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
948 			 */
949 			ujval = (uintmax_t)(uintptr_t)GETARG(void *);
950 			base = 16;
951 			xdigs = xdigs_lower;
952 			flags = flags | INTMAXT;
953 			ox[1] = 'x';
954 			goto nosign;
955 		case 'S':
956 			flags |= LONGINT;
957 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
958 		case 's':
959 			if (flags & LONGINT) {
960 				wchar_t *wcp;
961 
962 				if (convbuf != NULL)
963 					free(convbuf);
964 				if ((wcp = GETARG(wchar_t *)) == NULL)
965 					cp = "(null)";
966 				else {
967 					convbuf = __wcsconv(wcp, prec);
968 					if (convbuf == NULL) {
969 						fp->_flags |= __SERR;
970 						goto error;
971 					}
972 					cp = convbuf;
973 				}
974 			} else if ((cp = GETARG(char *)) == NULL)
975 				cp = "(null)";
976 			if (prec >= 0) {
977 				/*
978 				 * can't use strlen; can only look for the
979 				 * NUL in the first `prec' characters, and
980 				 * strlen() will go further.
981 				 */
982 				char *p = memchr(cp, 0, (size_t)prec);
983 
984 				if (p != NULL) {
985 					size = p - cp;
986 					if (size > prec)
987 						size = prec;
988 				} else
989 					size = prec;
990 			} else
991 				size = strlen(cp);
992 			sign = '\0';
993 			break;
994 		case 'U':
995 			flags |= LONGINT;
996 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
997 		case 'u':
998 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE)
999 				ujval = UJARG();
1000 			else
1001 				ulval = UARG();
1002 			base = 10;
1003 			goto nosign;
1004 		case 'X':
1005 			xdigs = xdigs_upper;
1006 			goto hex;
1007 		case 'x':
1008 			xdigs = xdigs_lower;
1009 hex:
1010 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE)
1011 				ujval = UJARG();
1012 			else
1013 				ulval = UARG();
1014 			base = 16;
1015 			/* leading 0x/X only if non-zero */
1016 			if (flags & ALT &&
1017 			    (flags & INTMAX_SIZE ? ujval != 0 : ulval != 0))
1018 				ox[1] = ch;
1019 
1020 			flags &= ~GROUPING;
1021 			/* unsigned conversions */
1022 nosign:			sign = '\0';
1023 			/*-
1024 			 * ``... diouXx conversions ... if a precision is
1025 			 * specified, the 0 flag will be ignored.''
1026 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
1027 			 */
1028 number:			if ((dprec = prec) >= 0)
1029 				flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
1030 
1031 			/*-
1032 			 * ``The result of converting a zero value with an
1033 			 * explicit precision of zero is no characters.''
1034 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
1035 			 *
1036 			 * ``The C Standard is clear enough as is.  The call
1037 			 * printf("%#.0o", 0) should print 0.''
1038 			 *	-- Defect Report #151
1039 			 */
1040 			cp = buf + BUF;
1041 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE) {
1042 				if (ujval != 0 || prec != 0 ||
1043 				    (flags & ALT && base == 8))
1044 					cp = __ujtoa(ujval, cp, base,
1045 					    flags & ALT, xdigs,
1046 					    flags & GROUPING, thousands_sep,
1047 					    grouping);
1048 			} else {
1049 				if (ulval != 0 || prec != 0 ||
1050 				    (flags & ALT && base == 8))
1051 					cp = __ultoa(ulval, cp, base,
1052 					    flags & ALT, xdigs,
1053 					    flags & GROUPING, thousands_sep,
1054 					    grouping);
1055 			}
1056 			size = buf + BUF - cp;
1057 			if (size > BUF)	/* should never happen */
1058 				abort();
1059 			break;
1060 		default:	/* "%?" prints ?, unless ? is NUL */
1061 			if (ch == '\0')
1062 				goto done;
1063 			/* pretend it was %c with argument ch */
1064 			cp = buf;
1065 			*cp = ch;
1066 			size = 1;
1067 			sign = '\0';
1068 			break;
1069 		}
1070 
1071 		/*
1072 		 * All reasonable formats wind up here.  At this point, `cp'
1073 		 * points to a string which (if not flags&LADJUST) should be
1074 		 * padded out to `width' places.  If flags&ZEROPAD, it should
1075 		 * first be prefixed by any sign or other prefix; otherwise,
1076 		 * it should be blank padded before the prefix is emitted.
1077 		 * After any left-hand padding and prefixing, emit zeroes
1078 		 * required by a decimal [diouxX] precision, then print the
1079 		 * string proper, then emit zeroes required by any leftover
1080 		 * floating precision; finally, if LADJUST, pad with blanks.
1081 		 *
1082 		 * Compute actual size, so we know how much to pad.
1083 		 * size excludes decimal prec; realsz includes it.
1084 		 */
1085 		realsz = dprec > size ? dprec : size;
1086 		if (sign)
1087 			realsz++;
1088 		if (ox[1])
1089 			realsz += 2;
1090 
1091 		prsize = width > realsz ? width : realsz;
1092 		if ((unsigned)ret + prsize > INT_MAX) {
1093 			ret = EOF;
1094 			goto error;
1095 		}
1096 
1097 		/* right-adjusting blank padding */
1098 		if ((flags & (LADJUST|ZEROPAD)) == 0)
1099 			PAD(width - realsz, blanks);
1100 
1101 		/* prefix */
1102 		if (sign)
1103 			PRINT(&sign, 1);
1104 
1105 		if (ox[1]) {	/* ox[1] is either x, X, or \0 */
1106 			ox[0] = '0';
1107 			PRINT(ox, 2);
1108 		}
1109 
1110 		/* right-adjusting zero padding */
1111 		if ((flags & (LADJUST|ZEROPAD)) == ZEROPAD)
1112 			PAD(width - realsz, zeroes);
1113 
1114 		/* leading zeroes from decimal precision */
1115 		PAD(dprec - size, zeroes);
1116 
1117 		/* the string or number proper */
1118 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1119 		if ((flags & FPT) == 0) {
1120 			PRINT(cp, size);
1121 		} else {	/* glue together f_p fragments */
1122 			if (!expchar) {	/* %[fF] or sufficiently short %[gG] */
1123 				if (expt <= 0) {
1124 					PRINT(zeroes, 1);
1125 					if (prec || flags & ALT)
1126 						PRINT(decimal_point, 1);
1127 					PAD(-expt, zeroes);
1128 					/* already handled initial 0's */
1129 					prec += expt;
1130 				} else {
1131 					PRINTANDPAD(cp, dtoaend, lead, zeroes);
1132 					cp += lead;
1133 					if (grouping) {
1134 						while (nseps>0 || nrepeats>0) {
1135 							if (nrepeats > 0)
1136 								nrepeats--;
1137 							else {
1138 								grouping--;
1139 								nseps--;
1140 							}
1141 							PRINT(&thousands_sep,
1142 							    1);
1143 							PRINTANDPAD(cp,dtoaend,
1144 							    *grouping, zeroes);
1145 							cp += *grouping;
1146 						}
1147 						if (cp > dtoaend)
1148 							cp = dtoaend;
1149 					}
1150 					if (prec || flags & ALT)
1151 						PRINT(decimal_point,1);
1152 				}
1153 				PRINTANDPAD(cp, dtoaend, prec, zeroes);
1154 			} else {	/* %[eE] or sufficiently long %[gG] */
1155 				if (prec > 1 || flags & ALT) {
1156 					buf[0] = *cp++;
1157 					buf[1] = *decimal_point;
1158 					PRINT(buf, 2);
1159 					PRINT(cp, ndig-1);
1160 					PAD(prec - ndig, zeroes);
1161 				} else	/* XeYYY */
1162 					PRINT(cp, 1);
1163 				PRINT(expstr, expsize);
1164 			}
1165 		}
1166 #else
1167 		PRINT(cp, size);
1168 #endif
1169 		/* left-adjusting padding (always blank) */
1170 		if (flags & LADJUST)
1171 			PAD(width - realsz, blanks);
1172 
1173 		/* finally, adjust ret */
1174 		ret += prsize;
1175 
1176 		FLUSH();	/* copy out the I/O vectors */
1177 	}
1178 done:
1179 	FLUSH();
1180 error:
1181 	va_end(orgap);
1182 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1183 	if (dtoaresult != NULL)
1184 		freedtoa(dtoaresult);
1185 #endif
1186 	if (convbuf != NULL)
1187 		free(convbuf);
1188 	if (__sferror(fp))
1189 		ret = EOF;
1190 	if ((argtable != NULL) && (argtable != statargtable))
1191 		free (argtable);
1192 	return (ret);
1193 	/* NOTREACHED */
1194 }
1195 
1196 
1197 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1198 
1199 static int
1200 exponent(char *p0, int exp, int fmtch)
1201 {
1202 	char *p, *t;
1203 	char expbuf[MAXEXPDIG];
1204 
1205 	p = p0;
1206 	*p++ = fmtch;
1207 	if (exp < 0) {
1208 		exp = -exp;
1209 		*p++ = '-';
1210 	}
1211 	else
1212 		*p++ = '+';
1213 	t = expbuf + MAXEXPDIG;
1214 	if (exp > 9) {
1215 		do {
1216 			*--t = to_char(exp % 10);
1217 		} while ((exp /= 10) > 9);
1218 		*--t = to_char(exp);
1219 		for (; t < expbuf + MAXEXPDIG; *p++ = *t++);
1220 	}
1221 	else {
1222 		/*
1223 		 * Exponents for decimal floating point conversions
1224 		 * (%[eEgG]) must be at least two characters long,
1225 		 * whereas exponents for hexadecimal conversions can
1226 		 * be only one character long.
1227 		 */
1228 		if (fmtch == 'e' || fmtch == 'E')
1229 			*p++ = '0';
1230 		*p++ = to_char(exp);
1231 	}
1232 	return (p - p0);
1233 }
1234 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
1235