1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3, 6.\" on Information Processing Systems. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)putc.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 37.\" $FreeBSD$ 38.\" 39.Dd January 10, 2003 40.Dt PUTC 3 41.Os 42.Sh NAME 43.Nm fputc , 44.Nm putc , 45.Nm putc_unlocked , 46.Nm putchar , 47.Nm putchar_unlocked , 48.Nm putw 49.Nd output a character or word to a stream 50.Sh LIBRARY 51.Lb libc 52.Sh SYNOPSIS 53.In stdio.h 54.Ft int 55.Fn fputc "int c" "FILE *stream" 56.Ft int 57.Fn putc "int c" "FILE *stream" 58.Ft int 59.Fn putc_unlocked "int c" "FILE *stream" 60.Ft int 61.Fn putchar "int c" 62.Ft int 63.Fn putchar_unlocked "int c" 64.Ft int 65.Fn putw "int w" "FILE *stream" 66.Sh DESCRIPTION 67The 68.Fn fputc 69function 70writes the character 71.Fa c 72(converted to an ``unsigned char'') 73to the output stream pointed to by 74.Fa stream . 75.Pp 76The 77.Fn putc 78macro acts essentially identically to 79.Fn fputc , 80but is a macro that expands in-line. 81It may evaluate 82.Fa stream 83more than once, so arguments given to 84.Fn putc 85should not be expressions with potential side effects. 86.Pp 87The 88.Fn putchar 89function 90is identical to 91.Fn putc 92with an output stream of 93.Dv stdout . 94.Pp 95The 96.Fn putw 97function 98writes the specified 99.Vt int 100to the named output 101.Fa stream . 102.Pp 103The 104.Fn putc_unlocked 105and 106.Fn putchar_unlocked 107functions are equivalent to 108.Fn putc 109and 110.Fn putchar 111respectively, 112except that the caller is responsible for locking the stream 113with 114.Xr flockfile 3 115before calling them. 116These functions may be used to avoid the overhead of locking the stream 117for each character, and to avoid output being interspersed from multiple 118threads writing to the same stream. 119.Sh RETURN VALUES 120The functions, 121.Fn fputc , 122.Fn putc , 123.Fn putchar , 124.Fn putc_unlocked 125and 126.Fn putchar_unlocked 127return the character written. 128If an error occurs, the value 129.Dv EOF 130is returned. 131The 132.Fn putw 133function 134returns 0 on success; 135.Dv EOF 136is returned if 137a write error occurs, 138or if an attempt is made to write a read-only stream. 139.Sh SEE ALSO 140.Xr ferror 3 , 141.Xr flockfile 3 , 142.Xr fopen 3 , 143.Xr getc 3 , 144.Xr putwc 3 , 145.Xr stdio 3 146.Sh STANDARDS 147The functions 148.Fn fputc , 149.Fn putc , 150and 151.Fn putchar , 152conform to 153.St -isoC . 154The 155.Fn putc_unlocked 156and 157.Fn putchar_unlocked 158functions conform to 159.St -p1003.1-2001 . 160A function 161.Fn putw 162function appeared in 163.At v6 . 164.Sh BUGS 165The size and byte order of an 166.Vt int 167varies from one machine to another, and 168.Fn putw 169is not recommended for portable applications. 170