xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/resolv/res_send.c (revision ec65e4f8d0654361df5e97d4de3518edebf76b46)
1 /*
2  * Portions Copyright (C) 2004-2009  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
3  * Portions Copyright (C) 1996-2003  Internet Software Consortium.
4  *
5  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
6  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
8  *
9  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
10  * REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
11  * AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
12  * INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
13  * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
14  * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
15  * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
16  */
17 
18 /*
19  * Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1993
20  *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
31  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
32  *    without specific prior written permission.
33  *
34  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
35  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
36  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
37  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
38  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
39  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
40  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
41  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
42  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
43  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
44  * SUCH DAMAGE.
45  */
46 
47 /*
48  * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
49  *
50  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
51  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
52  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
53  * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
54  * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
55  * specific, written prior permission.
56  *
57  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
58  * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
59  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
60  * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
61  * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
62  * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
63  * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
64  * SOFTWARE.
65  */
66 
67 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
68 static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)res_send.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
69 static const char rcsid[] = "$Id: res_send.c,v 1.22 2009/01/22 23:49:23 tbox Exp $";
70 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
71 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
72 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
73 
74 /*! \file
75  * \brief
76  * Send query to name server and wait for reply.
77  */
78 
79 #include "port_before.h"
80 #if !defined(USE_KQUEUE) && !defined(USE_POLL)
81 #include "fd_setsize.h"
82 #endif
83 
84 #include "namespace.h"
85 #include <sys/param.h>
86 #include <sys/time.h>
87 #include <sys/socket.h>
88 #include <sys/uio.h>
89 
90 #include <netinet/in.h>
91 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
92 #include <arpa/inet.h>
93 
94 #include <errno.h>
95 #include <netdb.h>
96 #include <resolv.h>
97 #include <signal.h>
98 #include <stdio.h>
99 #include <stdlib.h>
100 #include <string.h>
101 #include <unistd.h>
102 
103 #include <isc/eventlib.h>
104 
105 #include "port_after.h"
106 
107 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
108 #include <sys/event.h>
109 #else
110 #ifdef USE_POLL
111 #ifdef HAVE_STROPTS_H
112 #include <stropts.h>
113 #endif
114 #include <poll.h>
115 #endif /* USE_POLL */
116 #endif
117 
118 #include "un-namespace.h"
119 
120 /* Options.  Leave them on. */
121 #ifndef	DEBUG
122 #define	DEBUG
123 #endif
124 #include "res_debug.h"
125 #include "res_private.h"
126 
127 #define EXT(res) ((res)->_u._ext)
128 
129 #if !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
130 static const int highestFD = FD_SETSIZE - 1;
131 #endif
132 
133 /* Forward. */
134 
135 static int		get_salen(const struct sockaddr *);
136 static struct sockaddr * get_nsaddr(res_state, size_t);
137 static int		send_vc(res_state, const u_char *, int,
138 				u_char *, int, int *, int);
139 static int		send_dg(res_state,
140 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
141 				int kq,
142 #endif
143 				const u_char *, int,
144 				u_char *, int, int *, int, int,
145 				int *, int *);
146 static void		Aerror(const res_state, FILE *, const char *, int,
147 			       const struct sockaddr *, int);
148 static void		Perror(const res_state, FILE *, const char *, int);
149 static int		sock_eq(struct sockaddr *, struct sockaddr *);
150 #if defined(NEED_PSELECT) && !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
151 static int		pselect(int, void *, void *, void *,
152 				struct timespec *,
153 				const sigset_t *);
154 #endif
155 void res_pquery(const res_state, const u_char *, int, FILE *);
156 
157 static const int niflags = NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV;
158 
159 /* Public. */
160 
161 /*%
162  *	looks up "ina" in _res.ns_addr_list[]
163  *
164  * returns:
165  *\li	0  : not found
166  *\li	>0 : found
167  *
168  * author:
169  *\li	paul vixie, 29may94
170  */
171 int
172 res_ourserver_p(const res_state statp, const struct sockaddr *sa) {
173 	const struct sockaddr_in *inp, *srv;
174 	const struct sockaddr_in6 *in6p, *srv6;
175 	int ns;
176 
177 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
178 	case AF_INET:
179 		inp = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
180 		for (ns = 0;  ns < statp->nscount;  ns++) {
181 			srv = (struct sockaddr_in *)get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
182 			if (srv->sin_family == inp->sin_family &&
183 			    srv->sin_port == inp->sin_port &&
184 			    (srv->sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY ||
185 			     srv->sin_addr.s_addr == inp->sin_addr.s_addr))
186 				return (1);
187 		}
188 		break;
189 	case AF_INET6:
190 		if (EXT(statp).ext == NULL)
191 			break;
192 		in6p = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
193 		for (ns = 0;  ns < statp->nscount;  ns++) {
194 			srv6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
195 			if (srv6->sin6_family == in6p->sin6_family &&
196 			    srv6->sin6_port == in6p->sin6_port &&
197 #ifdef HAVE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
198 			    (srv6->sin6_scope_id == 0 ||
199 			     srv6->sin6_scope_id == in6p->sin6_scope_id) &&
200 #endif
201 			    (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&srv6->sin6_addr) ||
202 			     IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&srv6->sin6_addr, &in6p->sin6_addr)))
203 				return (1);
204 		}
205 		break;
206 	default:
207 		break;
208 	}
209 	return (0);
210 }
211 
212 /*%
213  *	look for (name,type,class) in the query section of packet (buf,eom)
214  *
215  * requires:
216  *\li	buf + HFIXEDSZ <= eom
217  *
218  * returns:
219  *\li	-1 : format error
220  *\li	0  : not found
221  *\li	>0 : found
222  *
223  * author:
224  *\li	paul vixie, 29may94
225  */
226 int
227 res_nameinquery(const char *name, int type, int class,
228 		const u_char *buf, const u_char *eom)
229 {
230 	const u_char *cp = buf + HFIXEDSZ;
231 	int qdcount = ntohs(((const HEADER*)buf)->qdcount);
232 
233 	while (qdcount-- > 0) {
234 		char tname[MAXDNAME+1];
235 		int n, ttype, tclass;
236 
237 		n = dn_expand(buf, eom, cp, tname, sizeof tname);
238 		if (n < 0)
239 			return (-1);
240 		cp += n;
241 		if (cp + 2 * INT16SZ > eom)
242 			return (-1);
243 		ttype = ns_get16(cp); cp += INT16SZ;
244 		tclass = ns_get16(cp); cp += INT16SZ;
245 		if (ttype == type && tclass == class &&
246 		    ns_samename(tname, name) == 1)
247 			return (1);
248 	}
249 	return (0);
250 }
251 
252 /*%
253  *	is there a 1:1 mapping of (name,type,class)
254  *	in (buf1,eom1) and (buf2,eom2)?
255  *
256  * returns:
257  *\li	-1 : format error
258  *\li	0  : not a 1:1 mapping
259  *\li	>0 : is a 1:1 mapping
260  *
261  * author:
262  *\li	paul vixie, 29may94
263  */
264 int
265 res_queriesmatch(const u_char *buf1, const u_char *eom1,
266 		 const u_char *buf2, const u_char *eom2)
267 {
268 	const u_char *cp = buf1 + HFIXEDSZ;
269 	int qdcount = ntohs(((const HEADER*)buf1)->qdcount);
270 
271 	if (buf1 + HFIXEDSZ > eom1 || buf2 + HFIXEDSZ > eom2)
272 		return (-1);
273 
274 	/*
275 	 * Only header section present in replies to
276 	 * dynamic update packets.
277 	 */
278 	if ((((const HEADER *)buf1)->opcode == ns_o_update) &&
279 	    (((const HEADER *)buf2)->opcode == ns_o_update))
280 		return (1);
281 
282 	if (qdcount != ntohs(((const HEADER*)buf2)->qdcount))
283 		return (0);
284 	while (qdcount-- > 0) {
285 		char tname[MAXDNAME+1];
286 		int n, ttype, tclass;
287 
288 		n = dn_expand(buf1, eom1, cp, tname, sizeof tname);
289 		if (n < 0)
290 			return (-1);
291 		cp += n;
292 		if (cp + 2 * INT16SZ > eom1)
293 			return (-1);
294 		ttype = ns_get16(cp);	cp += INT16SZ;
295 		tclass = ns_get16(cp); cp += INT16SZ;
296 		if (!res_nameinquery(tname, ttype, tclass, buf2, eom2))
297 			return (0);
298 	}
299 	return (1);
300 }
301 
302 int
303 res_nsend(res_state statp,
304 	  const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans, int anssiz)
305 {
306 	int gotsomewhere, terrno, tries, v_circuit, resplen, ns, n;
307 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
308 	int kq;
309 #endif
310 	char abuf[NI_MAXHOST];
311 
312 	/* No name servers or res_init() failure */
313 	if (statp->nscount == 0 || EXT(statp).ext == NULL) {
314 		errno = ESRCH;
315 		return (-1);
316 	}
317 	if (anssiz < HFIXEDSZ) {
318 		errno = EINVAL;
319 		return (-1);
320 	}
321 	DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_QUERY),
322 		(stdout, ";; res_send()\n"), buf, buflen);
323 	v_circuit = (statp->options & RES_USEVC) || buflen > PACKETSZ;
324 	gotsomewhere = 0;
325 	terrno = ETIMEDOUT;
326 
327 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
328 	if ((kq = kqueue()) < 0) {
329 		Perror(statp, stderr, "kqueue", errno);
330 		return (-1);
331 	}
332 #endif
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * If the ns_addr_list in the resolver context has changed, then
336 	 * invalidate our cached copy and the associated timing data.
337 	 */
338 	if (EXT(statp).nscount != 0) {
339 		int needclose = 0;
340 		struct sockaddr_storage peer;
341 		ISC_SOCKLEN_T peerlen;
342 
343 		if (EXT(statp).nscount != statp->nscount)
344 			needclose++;
345 		else
346 			for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
347 				if (statp->nsaddr_list[ns].sin_family &&
348 				    !sock_eq((struct sockaddr *)&statp->nsaddr_list[ns],
349 					     (struct sockaddr *)&EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns])) {
350 					needclose++;
351 					break;
352 				}
353 
354 				if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] == -1)
355 					continue;
356 				peerlen = sizeof(peer);
357 				if (_getpeername(EXT(statp).nssocks[ns],
358 				    (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &peerlen) < 0) {
359 					needclose++;
360 					break;
361 				}
362 				if (!sock_eq((struct sockaddr *)&peer,
363 				    get_nsaddr(statp, ns))) {
364 					needclose++;
365 					break;
366 				}
367 			}
368 		if (needclose) {
369 			res_nclose(statp);
370 			EXT(statp).nscount = 0;
371 		}
372 	}
373 
374 	/*
375 	 * Maybe initialize our private copy of the ns_addr_list.
376 	 */
377 	if (EXT(statp).nscount == 0) {
378 		for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
379 			EXT(statp).nstimes[ns] = RES_MAXTIME;
380 			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = -1;
381 			if (!statp->nsaddr_list[ns].sin_family)
382 				continue;
383 			EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns].sin =
384 				 statp->nsaddr_list[ns];
385 		}
386 		EXT(statp).nscount = statp->nscount;
387 	}
388 
389 	/*
390 	 * Some resolvers want to even out the load on their nameservers.
391 	 * Note that RES_BLAST overrides RES_ROTATE.
392 	 */
393 	if ((statp->options & RES_ROTATE) != 0U &&
394 	    (statp->options & RES_BLAST) == 0U) {
395 		union res_sockaddr_union inu;
396 		struct sockaddr_in ina;
397 		int lastns = statp->nscount - 1;
398 		int fd;
399 		u_int16_t nstime;
400 
401 		if (EXT(statp).ext != NULL)
402 			inu = EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[0];
403 		ina = statp->nsaddr_list[0];
404 		fd = EXT(statp).nssocks[0];
405 		nstime = EXT(statp).nstimes[0];
406 		for (ns = 0; ns < lastns; ns++) {
407 			if (EXT(statp).ext != NULL)
408 				EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns] =
409 					EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[ns + 1];
410 			statp->nsaddr_list[ns] = statp->nsaddr_list[ns + 1];
411 			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns + 1];
412 			EXT(statp).nstimes[ns] = EXT(statp).nstimes[ns + 1];
413 		}
414 		if (EXT(statp).ext != NULL)
415 			EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[lastns] = inu;
416 		statp->nsaddr_list[lastns] = ina;
417 		EXT(statp).nssocks[lastns] = fd;
418 		EXT(statp).nstimes[lastns] = nstime;
419 	}
420 
421 	/*
422 	 * Send request, RETRY times, or until successful.
423 	 */
424 	for (tries = 0; tries < statp->retry; tries++) {
425 	    for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
426 		struct sockaddr *nsap;
427 		int nsaplen;
428 		nsap = get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
429 		nsaplen = get_salen(nsap);
430 		statp->_flags &= ~RES_F_LASTMASK;
431 		statp->_flags |= (ns << RES_F_LASTSHIFT);
432  same_ns:
433 		if (statp->qhook) {
434 			int done = 0, loops = 0;
435 
436 			do {
437 				res_sendhookact act;
438 
439 				act = (*statp->qhook)(&nsap, &buf, &buflen,
440 						      ans, anssiz, &resplen);
441 				switch (act) {
442 				case res_goahead:
443 					done = 1;
444 					break;
445 				case res_nextns:
446 					res_nclose(statp);
447 					goto next_ns;
448 				case res_done:
449 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
450 					_close(kq);
451 #endif
452 					return (resplen);
453 				case res_modified:
454 					/* give the hook another try */
455 					if (++loops < 42) /*doug adams*/
456 						break;
457 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
458 				case res_error:
459 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
460 				default:
461 					goto fail;
462 				}
463 			} while (!done);
464 		}
465 
466 		Dprint(((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) &&
467 			getnameinfo(nsap, nsaplen, abuf, sizeof(abuf),
468 				    NULL, 0, niflags) == 0),
469 		       (stdout, ";; Querying server (# %d) address = %s\n",
470 			ns + 1, abuf));
471 
472 
473 		if (v_circuit) {
474 			/* Use VC; at most one attempt per server. */
475 			tries = statp->retry;
476 			n = send_vc(statp, buf, buflen, ans, anssiz, &terrno,
477 				    ns);
478 			if (n < 0)
479 				goto fail;
480 			if (n == 0)
481 				goto next_ns;
482 			resplen = n;
483 		} else {
484 			/* Use datagrams. */
485 			n = send_dg(statp,
486 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
487 				    kq,
488 #endif
489 				    buf, buflen, ans, anssiz, &terrno,
490 				    ns, tries, &v_circuit, &gotsomewhere);
491 			if (n < 0)
492 				goto fail;
493 			if (n == 0)
494 				goto next_ns;
495 			if (v_circuit)
496 				goto same_ns;
497 			resplen = n;
498 		}
499 
500 		Dprint((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
501 		       ((statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY) &&
502 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1)),
503 		       (stdout, ";; got answer:\n"));
504 
505 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
506 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
507 			(stdout, "%s", ""),
508 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
509 
510 		/*
511 		 * If we have temporarily opened a virtual circuit,
512 		 * or if we haven't been asked to keep a socket open,
513 		 * close the socket.
514 		 */
515 		if ((v_circuit && (statp->options & RES_USEVC) == 0U) ||
516 		    (statp->options & RES_STAYOPEN) == 0U) {
517 			res_nclose(statp);
518 		}
519 		if (statp->rhook) {
520 			int done = 0, loops = 0;
521 
522 			do {
523 				res_sendhookact act;
524 
525 				act = (*statp->rhook)(nsap, buf, buflen,
526 						      ans, anssiz, &resplen);
527 				switch (act) {
528 				case res_goahead:
529 				case res_done:
530 					done = 1;
531 					break;
532 				case res_nextns:
533 					res_nclose(statp);
534 					goto next_ns;
535 				case res_modified:
536 					/* give the hook another try */
537 					if (++loops < 42) /*doug adams*/
538 						break;
539 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
540 				case res_error:
541 					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
542 				default:
543 					goto fail;
544 				}
545 			} while (!done);
546 
547 		}
548 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
549 		_close(kq);
550 #endif
551 		return (resplen);
552  next_ns: ;
553 	   } /*foreach ns*/
554 	} /*foreach retry*/
555 	res_nclose(statp);
556 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
557 	_close(kq);
558 #endif
559 	if (!v_circuit) {
560 		if (!gotsomewhere)
561 			errno = ECONNREFUSED;	/*%< no nameservers found */
562 		else
563 			errno = ETIMEDOUT;	/*%< no answer obtained */
564 	} else
565 		errno = terrno;
566 	return (-1);
567  fail:
568 	res_nclose(statp);
569 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
570 	_close(kq);
571 #endif
572 	return (-1);
573 }
574 
575 /* Private */
576 
577 static int
578 get_salen(const struct sockaddr *sa)
579 {
580 
581 #ifdef HAVE_SA_LEN
582 	/* There are people do not set sa_len.  Be forgiving to them. */
583 	if (sa->sa_len)
584 		return (sa->sa_len);
585 #endif
586 
587 	if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
588 		return (sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
589 	else if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6)
590 		return (sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
591 	else
592 		return (0);	/*%< unknown, die on connect */
593 }
594 
595 /*%
596  * pick appropriate nsaddr_list for use.  see res_init() for initialization.
597  */
598 static struct sockaddr *
599 get_nsaddr(res_state statp, size_t n)
600 {
601 
602 	if (!statp->nsaddr_list[n].sin_family && EXT(statp).ext) {
603 		/*
604 		 * - EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[n] holds an address that is larger
605 		 *   than struct sockaddr, and
606 		 * - user code did not update statp->nsaddr_list[n].
607 		 */
608 		return (struct sockaddr *)(void *)&EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[n];
609 	} else {
610 		/*
611 		 * - user code updated statp->nsaddr_list[n], or
612 		 * - statp->nsaddr_list[n] has the same content as
613 		 *   EXT(statp).ext->nsaddrs[n].
614 		 */
615 		return (struct sockaddr *)(void *)&statp->nsaddr_list[n];
616 	}
617 }
618 
619 static int
620 send_vc(res_state statp,
621 	const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans, int anssiz,
622 	int *terrno, int ns)
623 {
624 	const HEADER *hp = (const HEADER *) buf;
625 	HEADER *anhp = (HEADER *) ans;
626 	struct sockaddr *nsap;
627 	int nsaplen;
628 	int truncating, connreset, resplen, n;
629 	struct iovec iov[2];
630 	u_short len;
631 	u_char *cp;
632 	void *tmp;
633 #ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
634 	int on = 1;
635 #endif
636 
637 	nsap = get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
638 	nsaplen = get_salen(nsap);
639 
640 	connreset = 0;
641  same_ns:
642 	truncating = 0;
643 
644 	/* Are we still talking to whom we want to talk to? */
645 	if (statp->_vcsock >= 0 && (statp->_flags & RES_F_VC) != 0) {
646 		struct sockaddr_storage peer;
647 		ISC_SOCKLEN_T size = sizeof peer;
648 
649 		if (_getpeername(statp->_vcsock,
650 				(struct sockaddr *)&peer, &size) < 0 ||
651 		    !sock_eq((struct sockaddr *)&peer, nsap)) {
652 			res_nclose(statp);
653 			statp->_flags &= ~RES_F_VC;
654 		}
655 	}
656 
657 	if (statp->_vcsock < 0 || (statp->_flags & RES_F_VC) == 0) {
658 		if (statp->_vcsock >= 0)
659 			res_nclose(statp);
660 
661 		statp->_vcsock = _socket(nsap->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM |
662 		    SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
663 #if !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
664 		if (statp->_vcsock > highestFD) {
665 			res_nclose(statp);
666 			errno = ENOTSOCK;
667 		}
668 #endif
669 		if (statp->_vcsock < 0) {
670 			switch (errno) {
671 			case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
672 #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
673 			case EPFNOSUPPORT:
674 #endif
675 			case EAFNOSUPPORT:
676 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(vc)", errno);
677 				return (0);
678 			default:
679 				*terrno = errno;
680 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(vc)", errno);
681 				return (-1);
682 			}
683 		}
684 #ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
685 		/*
686 		 * Disable generation of SIGPIPE when writing to a closed
687 		 * socket.  Write should return -1 and set errno to EPIPE
688 		 * instead.
689 		 *
690 		 * Push on even if setsockopt(SO_NOSIGPIPE) fails.
691 		 */
692 		(void)_setsockopt(statp->_vcsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, &on,
693 				 sizeof(on));
694 #endif
695 		errno = 0;
696 		if (_connect(statp->_vcsock, nsap, nsaplen) < 0) {
697 			*terrno = errno;
698 			Aerror(statp, stderr, "connect/vc", errno, nsap,
699 			    nsaplen);
700 			res_nclose(statp);
701 			return (0);
702 		}
703 		statp->_flags |= RES_F_VC;
704 	}
705 
706 	/*
707 	 * Send length & message
708 	 */
709 	ns_put16((u_short)buflen, (u_char*)&len);
710 	iov[0] = evConsIovec(&len, INT16SZ);
711 	DE_CONST(buf, tmp);
712 	iov[1] = evConsIovec(tmp, buflen);
713 	if (_writev(statp->_vcsock, iov, 2) != (INT16SZ + buflen)) {
714 		*terrno = errno;
715 		Perror(statp, stderr, "write failed", errno);
716 		res_nclose(statp);
717 		return (0);
718 	}
719 	/*
720 	 * Receive length & response
721 	 */
722  read_len:
723 	cp = ans;
724 	len = INT16SZ;
725 	while ((n = _read(statp->_vcsock, (char *)cp, (int)len)) > 0) {
726 		cp += n;
727 		if ((len -= n) == 0)
728 			break;
729 	}
730 	if (n <= 0) {
731 		*terrno = errno;
732 		Perror(statp, stderr, "read failed", errno);
733 		res_nclose(statp);
734 		/*
735 		 * A long running process might get its TCP
736 		 * connection reset if the remote server was
737 		 * restarted.  Requery the server instead of
738 		 * trying a new one.  When there is only one
739 		 * server, this means that a query might work
740 		 * instead of failing.  We only allow one reset
741 		 * per query to prevent looping.
742 		 */
743 		if (*terrno == ECONNRESET && !connreset) {
744 			connreset = 1;
745 			res_nclose(statp);
746 			goto same_ns;
747 		}
748 		res_nclose(statp);
749 		return (0);
750 	}
751 	resplen = ns_get16(ans);
752 	if (resplen > anssiz) {
753 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
754 		       (stdout, ";; response truncated\n")
755 		       );
756 		truncating = 1;
757 		len = anssiz;
758 	} else
759 		len = resplen;
760 	if (len < HFIXEDSZ) {
761 		/*
762 		 * Undersized message.
763 		 */
764 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
765 		       (stdout, ";; undersized: %d\n", len));
766 		*terrno = EMSGSIZE;
767 		res_nclose(statp);
768 		return (0);
769 	}
770 	cp = ans;
771 	while (len != 0 &&
772 	    (n = _read(statp->_vcsock, (char *)cp, (int)len)) > 0) {
773 		cp += n;
774 		len -= n;
775 	}
776 	if (n <= 0) {
777 		*terrno = errno;
778 		Perror(statp, stderr, "read(vc)", errno);
779 		res_nclose(statp);
780 		return (0);
781 	}
782 	if (truncating) {
783 		/*
784 		 * Flush rest of answer so connection stays in synch.
785 		 */
786 		anhp->tc = 1;
787 		len = resplen - anssiz;
788 		while (len != 0) {
789 			char junk[PACKETSZ];
790 
791 			n = _read(statp->_vcsock, junk,
792 			    (len > sizeof junk) ? sizeof junk : len);
793 			if (n > 0)
794 				len -= n;
795 			else
796 				break;
797 		}
798 	}
799 	/*
800 	 * If the calling applicating has bailed out of
801 	 * a previous call and failed to arrange to have
802 	 * the circuit closed or the server has got
803 	 * itself confused, then drop the packet and
804 	 * wait for the correct one.
805 	 */
806 	if (hp->id != anhp->id) {
807 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
808 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
809 			(stdout, ";; old answer (unexpected):\n"),
810 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz: resplen);
811 		goto read_len;
812 	}
813 
814 	/*
815 	 * All is well, or the error is fatal.  Signal that the
816 	 * next nameserver ought not be tried.
817 	 */
818 	return (resplen);
819 }
820 
821 static int
822 send_dg(res_state statp,
823 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
824 	int kq,
825 #endif
826 	const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans,
827 	int anssiz, int *terrno, int ns, int tries, int *v_circuit,
828 	int *gotsomewhere)
829 {
830 	const HEADER *hp = (const HEADER *) buf;
831 	HEADER *anhp = (HEADER *) ans;
832 	const struct sockaddr *nsap;
833 	int nsaplen;
834 	struct timespec now, timeout, finish;
835 	struct sockaddr_storage from;
836 	ISC_SOCKLEN_T fromlen;
837 	int resplen, seconds, n, s;
838 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
839 	struct kevent kv;
840 #else
841 #ifdef USE_POLL
842 	int     polltimeout;
843 	struct pollfd   pollfd;
844 #else
845 	fd_set dsmask;
846 #endif
847 #endif
848 
849 	nsap = get_nsaddr(statp, ns);
850 	nsaplen = get_salen(nsap);
851 	if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] == -1) {
852 		EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = _socket(nsap->sa_family,
853 		    SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
854 #if !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
855 		if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] > highestFD) {
856 			res_nclose(statp);
857 			errno = ENOTSOCK;
858 		}
859 #endif
860 		if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] < 0) {
861 			switch (errno) {
862 			case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
863 #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
864 			case EPFNOSUPPORT:
865 #endif
866 			case EAFNOSUPPORT:
867 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(dg)", errno);
868 				return (0);
869 			default:
870 				*terrno = errno;
871 				Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(dg)", errno);
872 				return (-1);
873 			}
874 		}
875 #ifndef CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM
876 		/*
877 		 * On a 4.3BSD+ machine (client and server,
878 		 * actually), sending to a nameserver datagram
879 		 * port with no nameserver will cause an
880 		 * ICMP port unreachable message to be returned.
881 		 * If our datagram socket is "connected" to the
882 		 * server, we get an ECONNREFUSED error on the next
883 		 * socket operation, and select returns if the
884 		 * error message is received.  We can thus detect
885 		 * the absence of a nameserver without timing out.
886 		 *
887 		 * When the option "insecure1" is specified, we'd
888 		 * rather expect to see responses from an "unknown"
889 		 * address.  In order to let the kernel accept such
890 		 * responses, do not connect the socket here.
891 		 * XXX: or do we need an explicit option to disable
892 		 * connecting?
893 		 */
894 		if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) &&
895 		    _connect(EXT(statp).nssocks[ns], nsap, nsaplen) < 0) {
896 			Aerror(statp, stderr, "connect(dg)", errno, nsap,
897 			    nsaplen);
898 			res_nclose(statp);
899 			return (0);
900 		}
901 #endif /* !CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM */
902 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
903 		       (stdout, ";; new DG socket\n"))
904 	}
905 	s = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns];
906 #ifndef CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM
907 	if (statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) {
908 		if (_sendto(s,
909 		    (const char*)buf, buflen, 0, nsap, nsaplen) != buflen) {
910 			Aerror(statp, stderr, "sendto", errno, nsap, nsaplen);
911 			res_nclose(statp);
912 			return (0);
913 		}
914 	} else if (send(s, (const char*)buf, buflen, 0) != buflen) {
915 		Perror(statp, stderr, "send", errno);
916 		res_nclose(statp);
917 		return (0);
918 	}
919 #else /* !CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM */
920 	if (_sendto(s, (const char*)buf, buflen, 0, nsap, nsaplen) != buflen)
921 	{
922 		Aerror(statp, stderr, "sendto", errno, nsap, nsaplen);
923 		res_nclose(statp);
924 		return (0);
925 	}
926 #endif /* !CANNOT_CONNECT_DGRAM */
927 
928 	/*
929 	 * Wait for reply.
930 	 */
931 	seconds = (statp->retrans << tries);
932 	if (ns > 0)
933 		seconds /= statp->nscount;
934 	if (seconds <= 0)
935 		seconds = 1;
936 	now = evNowTime();
937 	timeout = evConsTime(seconds, 0);
938 	finish = evAddTime(now, timeout);
939 	goto nonow;
940  wait:
941 	now = evNowTime();
942  nonow:
943 #ifndef USE_POLL
944 	if (evCmpTime(finish, now) > 0)
945 		timeout = evSubTime(finish, now);
946 	else
947 		timeout = evConsTime(0, 0);
948 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
949 	EV_SET(&kv, s, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD | EV_ONESHOT, 0, 0, 0);
950 	n = _kevent(kq, &kv, 1, &kv, 1, &timeout);
951 #else
952 	FD_ZERO(&dsmask);
953 	FD_SET(s, &dsmask);
954 	n = pselect(s + 1, &dsmask, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
955 #endif
956 #else
957 	timeout = evSubTime(finish, now);
958 	if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
959 		timeout = evConsTime(0, 0);
960 	polltimeout = 1000*timeout.tv_sec +
961 		timeout.tv_nsec/1000000;
962 	pollfd.fd = s;
963 	pollfd.events = POLLRDNORM;
964 	n = _poll(&pollfd, 1, polltimeout);
965 #endif /* USE_POLL */
966 
967 	if (n == 0) {
968 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG, (stdout, ";; timeout\n"));
969 		*gotsomewhere = 1;
970 		return (0);
971 	}
972 	if (n < 0) {
973 		if (errno == EINTR)
974 			goto wait;
975 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
976 		Perror(statp, stderr, "kevent", errno);
977 #else
978 #ifndef USE_POLL
979 		Perror(statp, stderr, "select", errno);
980 #else
981 		Perror(statp, stderr, "poll", errno);
982 #endif /* USE_POLL */
983 #endif
984 		res_nclose(statp);
985 		return (0);
986 	}
987 #ifdef USE_KQUEUE
988 	if (kv.ident != s)
989 		goto wait;
990 #endif
991 	errno = 0;
992 	fromlen = sizeof(from);
993 	resplen = _recvfrom(s, (char*)ans, anssiz,0,
994 			   (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen);
995 	if (resplen <= 0) {
996 		Perror(statp, stderr, "recvfrom", errno);
997 		res_nclose(statp);
998 		return (0);
999 	}
1000 	*gotsomewhere = 1;
1001 	if (resplen < HFIXEDSZ) {
1002 		/*
1003 		 * Undersized message.
1004 		 */
1005 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1006 		       (stdout, ";; undersized: %d\n",
1007 			resplen));
1008 		*terrno = EMSGSIZE;
1009 		res_nclose(statp);
1010 		return (0);
1011 	}
1012 	if (hp->id != anhp->id) {
1013 		/*
1014 		 * response from old query, ignore it.
1015 		 * XXX - potential security hazard could
1016 		 *	 be detected here.
1017 		 */
1018 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
1019 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
1020 			(stdout, ";; old answer:\n"),
1021 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1022 		goto wait;
1023 	}
1024 	if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) &&
1025 	    !res_ourserver_p(statp, (struct sockaddr *)&from)) {
1026 		/*
1027 		 * response from wrong server? ignore it.
1028 		 * XXX - potential security hazard could
1029 		 *	 be detected here.
1030 		 */
1031 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
1032 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
1033 			(stdout, ";; not our server:\n"),
1034 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1035 		goto wait;
1036 	}
1037 #ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
1038 	if (anhp->rcode == FORMERR && (statp->options & RES_USE_EDNS0) != 0U) {
1039 		/*
1040 		 * Do not retry if the server do not understand EDNS0.
1041 		 * The case has to be captured here, as FORMERR packet do not
1042 		 * carry query section, hence res_queriesmatch() returns 0.
1043 		 */
1044 		DprintQ(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1045 			(stdout, "server rejected query with EDNS0:\n"),
1046 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1047 		/* record the error */
1048 		statp->_flags |= RES_F_EDNS0ERR;
1049 		res_nclose(statp);
1050 		return (0);
1051 	}
1052 #endif
1053 	if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE2) &&
1054 	    !res_queriesmatch(buf, buf + buflen,
1055 			      ans, ans + anssiz)) {
1056 		/*
1057 		 * response contains wrong query? ignore it.
1058 		 * XXX - potential security hazard could
1059 		 *	 be detected here.
1060 		 */
1061 		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
1062 			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
1063 			(stdout, ";; wrong query name:\n"),
1064 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1065 		goto wait;
1066 	}
1067 	if (anhp->rcode == SERVFAIL ||
1068 	    anhp->rcode == NOTIMP ||
1069 	    anhp->rcode == REFUSED) {
1070 		DprintQ(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1071 			(stdout, "server rejected query:\n"),
1072 			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
1073 		res_nclose(statp);
1074 		/* don't retry if called from dig */
1075 		if (!statp->pfcode)
1076 			return (0);
1077 	}
1078 	if (!(statp->options & RES_IGNTC) && anhp->tc) {
1079 		/*
1080 		 * To get the rest of answer,
1081 		 * use TCP with same server.
1082 		 */
1083 		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
1084 		       (stdout, ";; truncated answer\n"));
1085 		*v_circuit = 1;
1086 		res_nclose(statp);
1087 		return (1);
1088 	}
1089 	/*
1090 	 * All is well, or the error is fatal.  Signal that the
1091 	 * next nameserver ought not be tried.
1092 	 */
1093 	return (resplen);
1094 }
1095 
1096 static void
1097 Aerror(const res_state statp, FILE *file, const char *string, int error,
1098        const struct sockaddr *address, int alen)
1099 {
1100 	int save = errno;
1101 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1102 	char sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
1103 
1104 	if ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) != 0U) {
1105 		if (getnameinfo(address, alen, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf),
1106 		    sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), niflags)) {
1107 			strncpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf) - 1);
1108 			hbuf[sizeof(hbuf) - 1] = '\0';
1109 			strncpy(sbuf, "?", sizeof(sbuf) - 1);
1110 			sbuf[sizeof(sbuf) - 1] = '\0';
1111 		}
1112 		fprintf(file, "res_send: %s ([%s].%s): %s\n",
1113 			string, hbuf, sbuf, strerror(error));
1114 	}
1115 	errno = save;
1116 }
1117 
1118 static void
1119 Perror(const res_state statp, FILE *file, const char *string, int error) {
1120 	int save = errno;
1121 
1122 	if ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) != 0U)
1123 		fprintf(file, "res_send: %s: %s\n",
1124 			string, strerror(error));
1125 	errno = save;
1126 }
1127 
1128 static int
1129 sock_eq(struct sockaddr *a, struct sockaddr *b) {
1130 	struct sockaddr_in *a4, *b4;
1131 	struct sockaddr_in6 *a6, *b6;
1132 
1133 	if (a->sa_family != b->sa_family)
1134 		return 0;
1135 	switch (a->sa_family) {
1136 	case AF_INET:
1137 		a4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)a;
1138 		b4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)b;
1139 		return a4->sin_port == b4->sin_port &&
1140 		    a4->sin_addr.s_addr == b4->sin_addr.s_addr;
1141 	case AF_INET6:
1142 		a6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)a;
1143 		b6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)b;
1144 		return a6->sin6_port == b6->sin6_port &&
1145 #ifdef HAVE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
1146 		    a6->sin6_scope_id == b6->sin6_scope_id &&
1147 #endif
1148 		    IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&a6->sin6_addr, &b6->sin6_addr);
1149 	default:
1150 		return 0;
1151 	}
1152 }
1153 
1154 #if defined(NEED_PSELECT) && !defined(USE_POLL) && !defined(USE_KQUEUE)
1155 /* XXX needs to move to the porting library. */
1156 static int
1157 pselect(int nfds, void *rfds, void *wfds, void *efds,
1158 	struct timespec *tsp, const sigset_t *sigmask)
1159 {
1160 	struct timeval tv, *tvp;
1161 	sigset_t sigs;
1162 	int n;
1163 
1164 	if (tsp) {
1165 		tvp = &tv;
1166 		tv = evTimeVal(*tsp);
1167 	} else
1168 		tvp = NULL;
1169 	if (sigmask)
1170 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, sigmask, &sigs);
1171 	n = select(nfds, rfds, wfds, efds, tvp);
1172 	if (sigmask)
1173 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigs, NULL);
1174 	if (tsp)
1175 		*tsp = evTimeSpec(tv);
1176 	return (n);
1177 }
1178 #endif
1179