158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1991, 1993 258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" are met: 758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 1058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 1158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 1258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 1358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 1458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 1558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 1658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 1758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 1858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" without specific prior written permission. 1958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 2058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 2158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 2258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 2358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 2458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 2558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 2658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 2758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 2858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 2958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 3058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 3158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 32538e8768SGarrett Wollman.\" From: @(#)inet.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 33433671e3SBruce Evans.\" $Id: inet.3,v 1.5 1997/02/22 15:00:15 peter Exp $ 3458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 35538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Dd June 17, 1996 3658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dt INET 3 3758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Os BSD 4.2 3858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh NAME 3958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_aton , 4058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_addr , 4158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_network , 4258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_ntoa , 4358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_makeaddr , 4458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_lnaof , 4558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_netof 4658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nd Internet address manipulation routines 4758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh SYNOPSIS 48433671e3SBruce Evans.Fd #include <sys/types.h> 4958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fd #include <sys/socket.h> 5058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fd #include <netinet/in.h> 5158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fd #include <arpa/inet.h> 5258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft int 53433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_aton "const char *cp" "struct in_addr *pin" 5458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft unsigned long 55433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_addr "const char *cp" 5658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft unsigned long 57433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_network "const char *cp" 5858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft char * 5958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_ntoa "struct in_addr in" 6058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft struct in_addr 61433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_makeaddr "unsigned long net" "unsigned long lna" 6258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft unsigned long 6358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_lnaof "struct in_addr in" 6458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft unsigned long 6558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_netof "struct in_addr in" 6658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh DESCRIPTION 6758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe routines 6858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_aton , 6958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 7058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 7158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_network 7258f0484fSRodney W. Grimesinterpret character strings representing 7358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnumbers expressed in the Internet standard 7458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ql \&. 7558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation. 7658f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe 7758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_aton 7858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesroutine interprets the specified character string as an Internet address, 7958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesplacing the address into the structure provided. 8058f0484fSRodney W. GrimesIt returns 1 if the string was successfully interpreted, 8158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesor 0 if the string is invalid. 8258f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe 8358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 8458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 8558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_network 8658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfunctions return numbers suitable for use 8758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesas Internet addresses and Internet network 8858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnumbers, respectively. 8958f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe routine 9058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_ntoa 9158f0484fSRodney W. Grimestakes an Internet address and returns an 9258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Tn ASCII 9358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesstring representing the address in 9458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ql \&. 9558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation. The routine 9658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_makeaddr 9758f0484fSRodney W. Grimestakes an Internet network number and a local 9858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnetwork address and constructs an Internet address 9958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfrom it. The routines 10058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_netof 10158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 10258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_lnaof 10358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesbreak apart Internet host addresses, returning 10458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthe network number and local network address part, 10558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesrespectively. 10658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 10758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesAll Internet addresses are returned in network 10858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesorder (bytes ordered from left to right). 10958f0484fSRodney W. GrimesAll network numbers and local address parts are 11058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesreturned as machine format integer values. 11158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES 11258f0484fSRodney W. GrimesValues specified using the 11358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ql \&. 11458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation take one 11558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesof the following forms: 11658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Bd -literal -offset indent 11758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa.b.c.d 11858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa.b.c 11958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa.b 12058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa 12158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ed 12258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 12358f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen four parts are specified, each is interpreted 12458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesas a byte of data and assigned, from left to right, 12558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesto the four bytes of an Internet address. Note 12658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthat when an Internet address is viewed as a 32-bit 12758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesinteger quantity on the 12858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Tn VAX 12958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthe bytes referred to 13058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesabove appear as 13158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq Li d.c.b.a . 13258f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThat is, 13358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Tn VAX 13458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesbytes are 13558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesordered from right to left. 13658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 13758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen a three part address is specified, the last 13858f0484fSRodney W. Grimespart is interpreted as a 16-bit quantity and placed 13958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesin the right-most two bytes of the network address. 14058f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThis makes the three part address format convenient 14158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfor specifying Class B network addresses as 14258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq Li 128.net.host . 14358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 14458f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen a two part address is supplied, the last part 14558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesis interpreted as a 24-bit quantity and placed in 14658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthe right most three bytes of the network address. 14758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThis makes the two part address format convenient 14858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfor specifying Class A network addresses as 14958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq Li net.host . 15058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 15158f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen only one part is given, the value is stored 15258f0484fSRodney W. Grimesdirectly in the network address without any byte 15358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesrearrangement. 15458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 15558f0484fSRodney W. GrimesAll numbers supplied as 15658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq parts 15758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesin a 15858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ql \&. 15958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation 16058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesmay be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal, as specified 16158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesin the C language (i.e., a leading 0x or 0X implies 16258f0484fSRodney W. Grimeshexadecimal; otherwise, a leading 0 implies octal; 16358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesotherwise, the number is interpreted as decimal). 164538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Pp 165538e8768SGarrett WollmanThe 166538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Fn inet_aton 167538e8768SGarrett Wollmanand 168538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Fn inet_ntoa 169538e8768SGarrett Wollmanfunctions are semi-deprecated in favor of the 170538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Xr addr2ascii 3 171538e8768SGarrett Wollmanfamily. However, since those functions are not yet widely implemented, 172538e8768SGarrett Wollmanportable programs cannot rely on their presence and will continue 173538e8768SGarrett Wollmanto use the 174538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Xr inet 3 175538e8768SGarrett Wollmanfunctions for some time. 17658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 17758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe constant 17858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dv INADDR_NONE 17958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesis returned by 18058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 18158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 18258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_network 18358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfor malformed requests. 18458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh SEE ALSO 185538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Xr addr2ascii 3 , 18658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Xr gethostbyname 3 , 18758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Xr getnetent 3 , 18858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Xr hosts 5 , 18913608f66SWolfram Schneider.Xr networks 5 19058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh HISTORY 19158f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThese 19258f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfunctions appeared in 19358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Bx 4.2 . 19458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh BUGS 19558f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe value 19658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dv INADDR_NONE 19758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes(0xffffffff) is a valid broadcast address, but 19858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 19958f0484fSRodney W. Grimescannot return that value without indicating failure. 20058f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe newer 20158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_aton 20258f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfunction does not share this problem. 20358f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe problem of host byte ordering versus network byte ordering is 20458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesconfusing. 20558f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe string returned by 20658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_ntoa 20758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesresides in a static memory area. 20858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 20958f0484fSRodney W. GrimesInet_addr should return a 21058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fa struct in_addr . 211