158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1991, 1993 258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" are met: 758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 1058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 1158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 1258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 1358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 1458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 1558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 1658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 1758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 1858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" without specific prior written permission. 1958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 2058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 2158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 2258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 2358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 2458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 2558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 2658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 2758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 2858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 2958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 3058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 3158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 32538e8768SGarrett Wollman.\" From: @(#)inet.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 337f3dea24SPeter Wemm.\" $FreeBSD$ 3458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.\" 35538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Dd June 17, 1996 3658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dt INET 3 3758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Os BSD 4.2 3858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh NAME 3958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_aton , 4058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_addr , 4158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_network , 4258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_ntoa , 4389482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Nm inet_ntop , 4489482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Nm inet_pton , 4558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_makeaddr , 4658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_lnaof , 4758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nm inet_netof 4858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Nd Internet address manipulation routines 4925bb73e0SAlexey Zelkin.Sh LIBRARY 5025bb73e0SAlexey Zelkin.Lb libc 5158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh SYNOPSIS 52433671e3SBruce Evans.Fd #include <sys/types.h> 5358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fd #include <sys/socket.h> 5458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fd #include <netinet/in.h> 5558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fd #include <arpa/inet.h> 5658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft int 57433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_aton "const char *cp" "struct in_addr *pin" 582da24fa6SHajimu UMEMOTO.Ft in_addr_t 59433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_addr "const char *cp" 602da24fa6SHajimu UMEMOTO.Ft in_addr_t 61433671e3SBruce Evans.Fn inet_network "const char *cp" 6258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft char * 6358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_ntoa "struct in_addr in" 6489482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Ft const char * 6589482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Fn inet_ntop "int af" "const void *src" "char *dst" "size_t size" 6689482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Ft int 6789482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Fn inet_pton "int af" "const char *src" "void *dst" 6858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ft struct in_addr 692da24fa6SHajimu UMEMOTO.Fn inet_makeaddr "in_addr_t net" "in_addr_t lna" 702da24fa6SHajimu UMEMOTO.Ft in_addr_t 7158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_lnaof "struct in_addr in" 722da24fa6SHajimu UMEMOTO.Ft in_addr_t 7358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_netof "struct in_addr in" 7458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh DESCRIPTION 7558f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe routines 7658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_aton , 7758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 7858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 7958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_network 8058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesinterpret character strings representing 8158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnumbers expressed in the Internet standard 8242635956SRuslan Ermilov.Ql .\& 8358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation. 8489482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Pp 8589482e46SYoshinobu InoueThe 8689482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Fn inet_pton 8789482e46SYoshinobu Inouefunction converts a presentation format address (that is, printable form 8889482e46SYoshinobu Inoueas held in a character string) to network format (usually a 8989482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Ft struct in_addr 9089482e46SYoshinobu Inoueor some other internal binary representation, in network byte order). 9189482e46SYoshinobu InoueIt returns 1 if the address was valid for the specified address family, or 9289482e46SYoshinobu Inoue0 if the address wasn't parseable in the specified address family, or -1 9389482e46SYoshinobu Inoueif some system error occurred (in which case 9489482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Va errno 9589482e46SYoshinobu Inouewill have been set). 9689482e46SYoshinobu InoueThis function is presently valid for 9789482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Dv AF_INET 9889482e46SYoshinobu Inoueand 9989482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Dv AF_INET6 . 10089482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Pp 10158f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe 10258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_aton 10358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesroutine interprets the specified character string as an Internet address, 10458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesplacing the address into the structure provided. 10558f0484fSRodney W. GrimesIt returns 1 if the string was successfully interpreted, 10658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesor 0 if the string is invalid. 10758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe 10858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 10958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 11058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_network 11158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfunctions return numbers suitable for use 11258f0484fSRodney W. Grimesas Internet addresses and Internet network 11358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnumbers, respectively. 11489482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Pp 11589482e46SYoshinobu InoueThe function 11689482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Fn inet_ntop 11789482e46SYoshinobu Inoueconverts an address from network format (usually a 11889482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Ft struct in_addr 11989482e46SYoshinobu Inoueor some other binary form, in network byte order) to presentation format 12089482e46SYoshinobu Inoue(suitable for external display purposes). 12189482e46SYoshinobu InoueIt returns NULL if a system error occurs (in which case, 12289482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Va errno 12389482e46SYoshinobu Inouewill have been set), or it returns a pointer to the destination string. 12489482e46SYoshinobu InoueThis function is presently valid for 12589482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Dv AF_INET 12689482e46SYoshinobu Inoueand 12789482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Dv AF_INET6 . 12889482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Pp 12958f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe routine 13058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_ntoa 13158f0484fSRodney W. Grimestakes an Internet address and returns an 13258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Tn ASCII 13358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesstring representing the address in 13442635956SRuslan Ermilov.Ql .\& 13558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation. The routine 13658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_makeaddr 13758f0484fSRodney W. Grimestakes an Internet network number and a local 13858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnetwork address and constructs an Internet address 13958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfrom it. The routines 14058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_netof 14158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 14258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_lnaof 14358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesbreak apart Internet host addresses, returning 14458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthe network number and local network address part, 14558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesrespectively. 14658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 14758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesAll Internet addresses are returned in network 14858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesorder (bytes ordered from left to right). 14958f0484fSRodney W. GrimesAll network numbers and local address parts are 15058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesreturned as machine format integer values. 15158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh INTERNET ADDRESSES 15258f0484fSRodney W. GrimesValues specified using the 15342635956SRuslan Ermilov.Ql .\& 15458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation take one 15558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesof the following forms: 15658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Bd -literal -offset indent 15758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa.b.c.d 15858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa.b.c 15958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa.b 16058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesa 16158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Ed 16258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 16358f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen four parts are specified, each is interpreted 16458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesas a byte of data and assigned, from left to right, 16558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesto the four bytes of an Internet address. Note 16658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthat when an Internet address is viewed as a 32-bit 16758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesinteger quantity on the 16858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Tn VAX 16958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthe bytes referred to 17058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesabove appear as 17158f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq Li d.c.b.a . 17258f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThat is, 17358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Tn VAX 17458f0484fSRodney W. Grimesbytes are 17558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesordered from right to left. 17658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 17758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen a three part address is specified, the last 17858f0484fSRodney W. Grimespart is interpreted as a 16-bit quantity and placed 17958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesin the right-most two bytes of the network address. 18058f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThis makes the three part address format convenient 18158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfor specifying Class B network addresses as 18258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq Li 128.net.host . 18358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 18458f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen a two part address is supplied, the last part 18558f0484fSRodney W. Grimesis interpreted as a 24-bit quantity and placed in 18658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesthe right most three bytes of the network address. 18758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThis makes the two part address format convenient 18858f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfor specifying Class A network addresses as 18958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq Li net.host . 19058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 19158f0484fSRodney W. GrimesWhen only one part is given, the value is stored 19258f0484fSRodney W. Grimesdirectly in the network address without any byte 19358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesrearrangement. 19458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 19558f0484fSRodney W. GrimesAll numbers supplied as 19658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dq parts 19758f0484fSRodney W. Grimesin a 19842635956SRuslan Ermilov.Ql .\& 19958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesnotation 20058f0484fSRodney W. Grimesmay be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal, as specified 20158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesin the C language (i.e., a leading 0x or 0X implies 20258f0484fSRodney W. Grimeshexadecimal; otherwise, a leading 0 implies octal; 20358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesotherwise, the number is interpreted as decimal). 204538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Pp 205538e8768SGarrett WollmanThe 206538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Fn inet_aton 207538e8768SGarrett Wollmanand 208538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Fn inet_ntoa 209538e8768SGarrett Wollmanfunctions are semi-deprecated in favor of the 210538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Xr addr2ascii 3 211538e8768SGarrett Wollmanfamily. However, since those functions are not yet widely implemented, 212538e8768SGarrett Wollmanportable programs cannot rely on their presence and will continue 213538e8768SGarrett Wollmanto use the 214538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Xr inet 3 215538e8768SGarrett Wollmanfunctions for some time. 21658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 21758f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe constant 21858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dv INADDR_NONE 21958f0484fSRodney W. Grimesis returned by 22058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 22158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesand 22258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_network 22358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfor malformed requests. 22458f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh SEE ALSO 225538e8768SGarrett Wollman.Xr addr2ascii 3 , 22658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Xr gethostbyname 3 , 22758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Xr getnetent 3 , 22858f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Xr hosts 5 , 22913608f66SWolfram Schneider.Xr networks 5 23089482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Rs 23189482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.%R RFC 23289482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.%N 2373 23389482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.%D July 1998 23489482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.%T "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture" 23589482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Re 23689482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.Sh STANDARDS 23789482e46SYoshinobu InoueThe 238563f6bdeSRuslan Ermilov.Fn inet_ntop 23989482e46SYoshinobu Inoueand 240563f6bdeSRuslan Ermilov.Fn inet_pton 24189482e46SYoshinobu Inouefunctions conform to 24289482e46SYoshinobu Inoue.St -xns5.2d2.0 . 24389482e46SYoshinobu InoueNote that 244563f6bdeSRuslan Ermilov.Fn inet_pton 24589482e46SYoshinobu Inouedoes not accept 1-, 2-, or 3-part dotted addresses; all four parts 24689482e46SYoshinobu Inouemust be specified. 24789482e46SYoshinobu InoueThis is a narrower input set than that accepted by 248563f6bdeSRuslan Ermilov.Fn inet_aton . 24958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh HISTORY 25058f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThese 25158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfunctions appeared in 25258f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Bx 4.2 . 25358f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Sh BUGS 25458f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe value 25558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Dv INADDR_NONE 25658f0484fSRodney W. Grimes(0xffffffff) is a valid broadcast address, but 25758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_addr 25858f0484fSRodney W. Grimescannot return that value without indicating failure. 25958f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe newer 26058f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_aton 26158f0484fSRodney W. Grimesfunction does not share this problem. 26258f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe problem of host byte ordering versus network byte ordering is 26358f0484fSRodney W. Grimesconfusing. 26458f0484fSRodney W. GrimesThe string returned by 26558f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fn inet_ntoa 26658f0484fSRodney W. Grimesresides in a static memory area. 26758f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Pp 26858f0484fSRodney W. GrimesInet_addr should return a 26958f0484fSRodney W. Grimes.Fa struct in_addr . 270