1.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)byteorder.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 33.\" 34.Dd June 4, 1993 35.Dt BYTEORDER 3 36.Os BSD 4.2 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm htonl , 39.Nm htons , 40.Nm ntohl , 41.Nm ntohs 42.Nd convert values between host and network byte order 43.Sh SYNOPSIS 44.Fd #include <sys/param.h> 45.Ft u_long 46.Fn htonl "u_long hostlong" 47.Ft u_short 48.Fn htons "u_short hostshort" 49.Ft u_long 50.Fn ntohl "u_long netlong" 51.Ft u_short 52.Fn ntohs "u_short netshort" 53.Sh DESCRIPTION 54These routines convert 16 and 32 bit quantities between network 55byte order and host byte order. 56On machines which have a byte order which is the same as the network 57order, routines are defined as null macros. 58.Pp 59These routines are most often used in conjunction with Internet 60addresses and ports as returned by 61.Xr gethostbyname 3 62and 63.Xr getservent 3 . 64.Sh SEE ALSO 65.Xr gethostbyname 3 , 66.Xr getservent 3 67.Sh HISTORY 68The 69.Nm byteorder 70functions appeared in 71.Bx 4.2 . 72.Sh BUGS 73On the 74.Tn VAX 75bytes are handled backwards from most everyone else in 76the world. This is not expected to be fixed in the near future. 77