1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Paul Borman at Krystal Technologies. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)euc.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 36.\" $FreeBSD$ 37.\" 38.Dd June 4, 1993 39.Dt EUC 4 40.Os 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm euc 43.Nd EUC encoding of runes 44.Sh SYNOPSIS 45.Nm ENCODING 46.Qq EUC 47.Pp 48.Nm VARIABLE 49.Ar len1 50.Ar mask1 51.Ar len2 52.Ar mask2 53.Ar len3 54.Ar mask3 55.Ar len4 56.Ar mask4 57.Ar mask 58.Sh DESCRIPTION 59The 60.Nm EUC 61encoding is provided for compatibility with 62.Ux 63based systems. 64See 65.Xr mklocale 1 66for a complete description of the 67.Ev LC_CTYPE 68source file format. 69.Pp 70.Nm EUC 71implements a system of 4 multibyte codesets. 72A multibyte character in the first codeset consists of 73.Ar len1 74bytes starting with a byte in the range of 0x00 to 0x7f. 75To allow use of ASCII, 76.Ar len1 77is always 1. 78A multibyte character in the second codeset consists of 79.Ar len2 80bytes starting with a byte in the range of 0x80-0xff excluding 0x8e and 0x8f. 81A multibyte character in the third codeset consists of 82.Ar len3 83bytes starting with the byte 0x8e. 84A multibyte character in the fourth codeset consists of 85.Ar len4 86bytes starting with the byte 0x8f. 87.Pp 88The 89.Ev rune_t 90encoding of 91.Nm EUC 92multibyte characters is dependent on the 93.Ar len 94and 95.Ar mask 96arguments. 97First, the bytes are moved into a 98.Ev rune_t 99as follows: 100.Bd -literal 101byte0 << ((\fIlen\fPN-1) * 8) | byte1 << ((\fIlen\fPN-2) * 8) | ... | byte\fIlen\fPN-1 102.Ed 103.Pp 104The result is then ANDed with 105.Ar ~mask 106and ORed with 107.Ar maskN . 108Codesets 2 and 3 are special in that the leading byte (0x8e or 0x8f) is 109first removed and the 110.Ar lenN 111argument is reduced by 1. 112.Pp 113For example, the Japanese locale has the following 114.Ev VARIABLE 115line: 116.Bd -literal 117VARIABLE 1 0x0000 2 0x8080 2 0x0080 3 0x8000 0x8080 118.Ed 119.Pp 120Codeset 1 consists of the values 0x0000 - 0x007f. 121.Pp 122Codeset 2 consists of the values who have the bits 0x8080 set. 123.Pp 124Codeset 3 consists of the values 0x0080 - 0x00ff. 125.Pp 126Codeset 4 consists of the values 0x8000 - 0xff7f excluding the values 127which have the 0x0080 bit set. 128.Pp 129Notice that the global 130.Ar mask 131is set to 0x8080, this implies that from those 2 bits the codeset can 132be determined. 133.Sh "EXAMPLE - Japanese Locale" 134This is a complete example of an 135.Ev LC_CTYPE 136source file for the Japanese locale 137.Bd -literal 138/* 139 * Japanese LOCALE_CTYPE definitions using EUC of JIS character sets 140 */ 141 142ENCODING "EUC" 143 144/* JIS JIS JIS */ 145/* X201 X208 X201 */ 146/* 00-7f 84-fe */ 147 148VARIABLE 1 0x0000 2 0x8080 2 0x0080 3 0x8000 0x8080 149 150/* 151 * Code Set 1 152 */ 153ALPHA 'A' - 'Z' 'a' - 'z' 154CONTROL 0x00 - 0x1f 0x7f 155DIGIT '0' - '9' 156GRAPH 0x21 - 0x7e 157LOWER 'a' - 'z' 158PUNCT 0x21 - 0x2f 0x3a - 0x40 0x5b - 0x60 0x7b - 0x7e 159SPACE 0x09 - 0x0d 0x20 160UPPER 'A' - 'Z' 161XDIGIT 'a' - 'f' 'A' - 'F' 162BLANK ' ' '\t' 163PRINT 0x20 - 0x7e 164 165MAPLOWER < 'A' - 'Z' : 'a' > < 'a' - 'z' : 'a' > 166MAPUPPER < 'A' - 'Z' : 'A' > < 'a' - 'z' : 'A' > 167TODIGIT < '0' - '9' : 0 > 168TODIGIT < 'A' - 'F' : 10 > < 'a' - 'f' : 10 > 169 170/* 171 * Code Set 2 172 */ 173 174SPACE 0xa1a1 175PHONOGRAM 0xa1bc 176SPECIAL 0xa1a2 - 0xa1fe 177PUNCT 0xa1a2 - 0xa1f8 /* A few too many in here... */ 178 179SPECIAL 0xa2a1 - 0xa2ae 0xa2ba - 0xa2c1 0xa2ca - 0xa2d0 0xa2dc - 0xa2ea 180SPECIAL 0xa2f2 - 0xa2f9 0xa2fe 181 182DIGIT 0xa3b0 - 0xa3b9 183UPPER 0xa3c1 - 0xa3da /* Romaji */ 184LOWER 0xa3e1 - 0xa3fa /* Romaji */ 185MAPLOWER < 0xa3c1 - 0xa3da : 0xa3e1 > /* English */ 186MAPLOWER < 0xa3e1 - 0xa3fa : 0xa3e1 > /* English */ 187MAPUPPER < 0xa3c1 - 0xa3da : 0xa3c1 > 188MAPUPPER < 0xa3e1 - 0xa3fa : 0xa3c1 > 189 190XDIGIT 0xa3c1 - 0xa3c6 0xa3e1 - 0xa3e6 191 192TODIGIT < 0xa3b0 - 0xa3b9 : 0 > 193TODIGIT < 0xa3c1 - 0xa3c6 : 10 > < 0xa3e1 - 0xa3e6 : 10 > 194 195PHONOGRAM 0xa4a1 - 0xa4f3 196PHONOGRAM 0xa5a1 - 0xa5f6 197 198UPPER 0xa6a1 - 0xa6b8 /* Greek */ 199LOWER 0xa6c1 - 0xa6d8 /* Greek */ 200MAPLOWER < 0xa6a1 - 0xa6b8 : 0xa6c1 > < 0xa6c1 - 0xa6d8 : 0xa6c1 > 201MAPUPPER < 0xa6a1 - 0xa6b8 : 0xa6a1 > < 0xa6c1 - 0xa6d8 : 0xa6a1 > 202 203UPPER 0xa7a1 - 0xa7c1 /* Cyrillic */ 204LOWER 0xa7d1 - 0xa7f1 /* Cyrillic */ 205MAPLOWER < 0xa7a1 - 0xa7c1 : 0xa7d1 > < 0xa7d1 - 0xa7f1 : 0xa7d1 > 206MAPUPPER < 0xa7a1 - 0xa7c1 : 0xa7a1 > < 0xa7d1 - 0xa7f1 : 0xa7a1 > 207 208SPECIAL 0xa8a1 - 0xa8c0 209 210IDEOGRAM 0xb0a1 - 0xb0fe 0xb1a1 - 0xb1fe 0xb2a1 - 0xb2fe 211IDEOGRAM 0xb3a1 - 0xb3fe 0xb4a1 - 0xb4fe 0xb5a1 - 0xb5fe 212IDEOGRAM 0xb6a1 - 0xb6fe 0xb7a1 - 0xb7fe 0xb8a1 - 0xb8fe 213IDEOGRAM 0xb9a1 - 0xb9fe 0xbaa1 - 0xbafe 0xbba1 - 0xbbfe 214IDEOGRAM 0xbca1 - 0xbcfe 0xbda1 - 0xbdfe 0xbea1 - 0xbefe 215IDEOGRAM 0xbfa1 - 0xbffe 0xc0a1 - 0xc0fe 0xc1a1 - 0xc1fe 216IDEOGRAM 0xc2a1 - 0xc2fe 0xc3a1 - 0xc3fe 0xc4a1 - 0xc4fe 217IDEOGRAM 0xc5a1 - 0xc5fe 0xc6a1 - 0xc6fe 0xc7a1 - 0xc7fe 218IDEOGRAM 0xc8a1 - 0xc8fe 0xc9a1 - 0xc9fe 0xcaa1 - 0xcafe 219IDEOGRAM 0xcba1 - 0xcbfe 0xcca1 - 0xccfe 0xcda1 - 0xcdfe 220IDEOGRAM 0xcea1 - 0xcefe 0xcfa1 - 0xcfd3 0xd0a1 - 0xd0fe 221IDEOGRAM 0xd1a1 - 0xd1fe 0xd2a1 - 0xd2fe 0xd3a1 - 0xd3fe 222IDEOGRAM 0xd4a1 - 0xd4fe 0xd5a1 - 0xd5fe 0xd6a1 - 0xd6fe 223IDEOGRAM 0xd7a1 - 0xd7fe 0xd8a1 - 0xd8fe 0xd9a1 - 0xd9fe 224IDEOGRAM 0xdaa1 - 0xdafe 0xdba1 - 0xdbfe 0xdca1 - 0xdcfe 225IDEOGRAM 0xdda1 - 0xddfe 0xdea1 - 0xdefe 0xdfa1 - 0xdffe 226IDEOGRAM 0xe0a1 - 0xe0fe 0xe1a1 - 0xe1fe 0xe2a1 - 0xe2fe 227IDEOGRAM 0xe3a1 - 0xe3fe 0xe4a1 - 0xe4fe 0xe5a1 - 0xe5fe 228IDEOGRAM 0xe6a1 - 0xe6fe 0xe7a1 - 0xe7fe 0xe8a1 - 0xe8fe 229IDEOGRAM 0xe9a1 - 0xe9fe 0xeaa1 - 0xeafe 0xeba1 - 0xebfe 230IDEOGRAM 0xeca1 - 0xecfe 0xeda1 - 0xedfe 0xeea1 - 0xeefe 231IDEOGRAM 0xefa1 - 0xeffe 0xf0a1 - 0xf0fe 0xf1a1 - 0xf1fe 232IDEOGRAM 0xf2a1 - 0xf2fe 0xf3a1 - 0xf3fe 0xf4a1 - 0xf4a4 233/* 234 * This is for Code Set 3, half-width kana 235 */ 236SPECIAL 0xa1 - 0xdf 237PHONOGRAM 0xa1 - 0xdf 238CONTROL 0x84 - 0x97 0x9b - 0x9f 0xe0 - 0xfe 239.Ed 240.Sh "SEE ALSO" 241.Xr mklocale 1 , 242.Xr setlocale 3 243