xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision dd41de95a84d979615a2ef11df6850622bf6184e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  *	$FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
33  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
34  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <elf.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include "rtld.h"
45 #include "libc_private.h"
46 
47 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
48     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
49       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
50 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
51 
52 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
53 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
54 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
55 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
56 
57 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
58 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
59 
60 #ifdef __i386__
61 
62 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
63 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
64 
65 #endif
66 
67 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
68 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
69 
70 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
72 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
73 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
74 
75 #if defined(__amd64__)
76 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN 16
77 #elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__) || \
78     defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
79 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN sizeof(void *)
80 #else
81 #error TLS_TCB_ALIGN undefined for target architecture
82 #endif
83 
84 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__) || \
85     defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
86 #define TLS_VARIANT_I
87 #endif
88 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
89 #define TLS_VARIANT_II
90 #endif
91 
92 #if defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
93 #define DTV_OFFSET 0x8000
94 #else
95 #define DTV_OFFSET 0
96 #endif
97 
98 #ifndef PIC
99 
100 static size_t libc_tls_static_space;
101 static size_t libc_tls_init_size;
102 static size_t libc_tls_init_align;
103 static void *libc_tls_init;
104 #endif
105 
106 void *
107 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
108 {
109 	Elf_Addr **dtvp, *dtv;
110 	tls_index *ti;
111 
112 	dtvp = _get_tp();
113 	dtv = *dtvp;
114 	ti = vti;
115 	return ((char *)(dtv[ti->ti_module + 1] + ti->ti_offset) +
116 	    TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
117 }
118 
119 #ifdef __i386__
120 
121 /* GNU ABI */
122 
123 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
124 void *
125 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
126 {
127 	return (__libc_tls_get_addr(vti));
128 }
129 
130 #endif
131 
132 #ifndef PIC
133 
134 static void *
135 libc_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
136 {
137 	void *mem, *res;
138 
139 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
140 		align = sizeof(void *);
141 
142 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
143 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
144 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
145 	return (res);
146 }
147 
148 static void
149 libc_free_aligned(void *ptr)
150 {
151 	void *mem;
152 	uintptr_t x;
153 
154 	if (ptr == NULL)
155 		return;
156 
157 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
158 	x -= sizeof(void *);
159 	mem = *(void **)x;
160 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
161 }
162 
163 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
164 
165 /*
166  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
167  *
168  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
169  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
170  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
171  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
172  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
173  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
174  *
175  * - MIPS, PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I,
176  *   described in [3] where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately
177  *   precedes TLS without any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.
178  *   The TCB[0] points to DTV vector and DTV values are biased by constant
179  *   value (0x8000) from real addresses[5].
180  *
181  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
182  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
183  *
184  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
185  *     Architecture
186  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
187  *
188  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
189  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
190  *
191  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
192  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _set_tp()
193  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
194  *     TCB as argument.
195  *
196  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
197  */
198 
199 /*
200  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
201  */
202 static void *
203 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
204 {
205 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
206 
207 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
208 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
209 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
210 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
211 #else
212 	post_size = 0;
213 #endif
214 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
215 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
216 	    tls_block_size;
217 
218 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
219 }
220 
221 /*
222  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
223  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
224  * the block.
225  */
226 void
227 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
228 {
229 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
230 	Elf_Addr **tls;
231 
232 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
233 	dtv = tls[0];
234 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
235 	libc_free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
236 }
237 
238 /*
239  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
240  *
241  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
242  * TLS block:
243  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
244  *
245  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
246  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
247  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
248  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
249  *
250  * where:
251  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
252  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS aligment for first version of TLS
253  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
254  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB aligment for first version and to adjust
255  *            TLS alignment for second version.
256  *
257  */
258 void *
259 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
260 {
261 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
262 	char *tls_block, *tls;
263 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
264 
265 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
266 		return (oldtcb);
267 
268 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
269 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
270 
271 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
272 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
273 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
274 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
275 #else
276 	post_size = 0;
277 #endif
278 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
279 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
280 	    tls_block_size;
281 	tls_block_size += pre_size + libc_tls_static_space;
282 
283 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
284 	tls_block = libc_malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
285 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
286 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
287 		abort();
288 	}
289 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
290 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
291 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
292 
293 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
294 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
295 		    tls_block_size);
296 		libc_free_aligned(oldtcb);
297 
298 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
299 		dtv = tcb[0];
300 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
301 	} else {
302 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
303 		if (dtv == NULL) {
304 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
305 			abort();
306 		}
307 		/* Build the DTV. */
308 		tcb[0] = dtv;
309 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
310 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
311 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
312 
313 		if (libc_tls_init_size > 0)
314 			memcpy(tls, libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
315 	}
316 
317 	return (tcb);
318 }
319 
320 #endif
321 
322 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
323 
324 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
325 
326 /*
327  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
328  */
329 void
330 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
331 {
332 	size_t size;
333 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
334 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
335 
336 	/*
337 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
338 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
339 	 */
340 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
341 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
342 
343 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
344 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
345 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
346 	libc_free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
347 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
352  */
353 void *
354 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
355 {
356 	size_t size;
357 	char *tls;
358 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
359 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
360 
361 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
362 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
363 
364 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
365 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
366 	tls = libc_malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
367 	if (tls == NULL) {
368 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
369 		abort();
370 	}
371 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
372 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
373 	if (dtv == NULL) {
374 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
375 		abort();
376 	}
377 
378 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
379 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
380 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
381 
382 	dtv[0] = 1;
383 	dtv[1] = 1;
384 	dtv[2] = segbase - libc_tls_static_space;
385 
386 	if (oldtls) {
387 		/*
388 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
389 		 */
390 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
391 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
392 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - libc_tls_static_space),
393 		    libc_tls_static_space);
394 
395 		/*
396 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
397 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
398 		 */
399 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
400 	} else {
401 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
402 		    libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
403 		memset((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space +
404 		    libc_tls_init_size), 0,
405 		    libc_tls_static_space - libc_tls_init_size);
406 	}
407 
408 	return (void*) segbase;
409 }
410 
411 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
412 
413 #else
414 
415 void *
416 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
417 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
418 {
419 	return (0);
420 }
421 
422 void
423 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
424 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
425 {
426 }
427 
428 #endif /* PIC */
429 
430 extern char **environ;
431 
432 void
433 _init_tls(void)
434 {
435 #ifndef PIC
436 	Elf_Addr *sp;
437 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
438 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
439 	size_t phent, phnum;
440 	int i;
441 	void *tls;
442 
443 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
444 	while (*sp++ != 0)
445 		;
446 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
447 	phdr = NULL;
448 	phent = phnum = 0;
449 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
450 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
451 		case AT_PHDR:
452 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
453 			break;
454 
455 		case AT_PHENT:
456 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
457 			break;
458 
459 		case AT_PHNUM:
460 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
461 			break;
462 		}
463 	}
464 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
465 		return;
466 
467 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
468 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
469 			libc_tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
470 			    phdr[i].p_align);
471 			libc_tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
472 			libc_tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
473 			libc_tls_init = (void *)phdr[i].p_vaddr;
474 			break;
475 		}
476 	}
477 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
478 
479 	_set_tp(tls);
480 #endif
481 }
482