xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision d7d962ead0b6e5e8a39202d0590022082bf5bfb6)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  *	$FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
33  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
34  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <elf.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include "rtld.h"
45 #include "libc_private.h"
46 
47 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
48     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
49       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
50 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
51 
52 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
53 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
54 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
55 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
56 
57 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
58 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
59 
60 #ifdef __i386__
61 
62 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
63 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
64 
65 #endif
66 
67 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
68 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
69 
70 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
72 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
73 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
74 
75 #if defined(__amd64__)
76 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN 16
77 #elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__) || \
78     defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
79 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN sizeof(void *)
80 #else
81 #error TLS_TCB_ALIGN undefined for target architecture
82 #endif
83 
84 #ifndef PIC
85 
86 static size_t libc_tls_static_space;
87 static size_t libc_tls_init_size;
88 static size_t libc_tls_init_align;
89 static void *libc_tls_init;
90 #endif
91 
92 void *
93 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
94 {
95 	Elf_Addr **dtvp, *dtv;
96 	tls_index *ti;
97 
98 	dtvp = _get_tp();
99 	dtv = *dtvp;
100 	ti = vti;
101 	return ((char *)(dtv[ti->ti_module + 1] + ti->ti_offset) +
102 	    TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
103 }
104 
105 #ifdef __i386__
106 
107 /* GNU ABI */
108 
109 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
110 void *
111 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
112 {
113 	return (__libc_tls_get_addr(vti));
114 }
115 
116 #endif
117 
118 #ifndef PIC
119 
120 static void *
121 libc_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
122 {
123 	void *mem, *res;
124 
125 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
126 		align = sizeof(void *);
127 
128 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
129 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
130 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
131 	return (res);
132 }
133 
134 static void
135 libc_free_aligned(void *ptr)
136 {
137 	void *mem;
138 	uintptr_t x;
139 
140 	if (ptr == NULL)
141 		return;
142 
143 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
144 	x -= sizeof(void *);
145 	mem = *(void **)x;
146 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
147 }
148 
149 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
150 
151 /*
152  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
153  *
154  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
155  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
156  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
157  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
158  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
159  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
160  *
161  * - MIPS, PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I,
162  *   described in [3] where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately
163  *   precedes TLS without any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.
164  *   The TCB[0] points to DTV vector and DTV values are biased by constant
165  *   value (0x8000) from real addresses[5].
166  *
167  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
168  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
169  *
170  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
171  *     Architecture
172  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
173  *
174  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
175  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
176  *
177  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
178  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _set_tp()
179  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
180  *     TCB as argument.
181  *
182  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
183  */
184 
185 /*
186  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
187  */
188 static void *
189 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
190 {
191 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
192 
193 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
194 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
195 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
196 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
197 #else
198 	post_size = 0;
199 #endif
200 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
201 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
202 	    tls_block_size;
203 
204 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
205 }
206 
207 /*
208  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
209  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
210  * the block.
211  */
212 void
213 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
214 {
215 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
216 	Elf_Addr **tls;
217 
218 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
219 	dtv = tls[0];
220 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
221 	libc_free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
222 }
223 
224 /*
225  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
226  *
227  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
228  * TLS block:
229  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
230  *
231  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
232  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
233  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
234  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
235  *
236  * where:
237  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
238  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS alignment for first version of TLS
239  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
240  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB alignment for first version and to adjust
241  *            TLS alignment for second version.
242  *
243  */
244 void *
245 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
246 {
247 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
248 	char *tls_block, *tls;
249 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
250 
251 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
252 		return (oldtcb);
253 
254 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
255 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
256 
257 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
258 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
259 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
260 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
261 #else
262 	post_size = 0;
263 #endif
264 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
265 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
266 	    tls_block_size;
267 	tls_block_size += pre_size + libc_tls_static_space;
268 
269 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
270 	tls_block = libc_malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
271 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
272 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
273 		abort();
274 	}
275 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
276 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
277 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
278 
279 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
280 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
281 		    tls_block_size);
282 		libc_free_aligned(oldtcb);
283 
284 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
285 		dtv = tcb[0];
286 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
287 	} else {
288 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
289 		if (dtv == NULL) {
290 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
291 			abort();
292 		}
293 		/* Build the DTV. */
294 		tcb[0] = dtv;
295 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
296 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
297 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
298 
299 		if (libc_tls_init_size > 0)
300 			memcpy(tls, libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
301 	}
302 
303 	return (tcb);
304 }
305 
306 #endif
307 
308 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
309 
310 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
311 
312 /*
313  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
314  */
315 void
316 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
317 {
318 	size_t size;
319 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
320 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
321 
322 	/*
323 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
324 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
325 	 */
326 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
327 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
328 
329 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
330 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
331 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
332 	libc_free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
333 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
334 }
335 
336 /*
337  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
338  */
339 void *
340 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
341 {
342 	size_t size;
343 	char *tls;
344 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
345 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
346 
347 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
348 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
349 
350 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
351 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
352 	tls = libc_malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
353 	if (tls == NULL) {
354 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
355 		abort();
356 	}
357 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
358 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
359 	if (dtv == NULL) {
360 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
361 		abort();
362 	}
363 
364 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
365 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
366 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
367 
368 	dtv[0] = 1;
369 	dtv[1] = 1;
370 	dtv[2] = segbase - libc_tls_static_space;
371 
372 	if (oldtls) {
373 		/*
374 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
375 		 */
376 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
377 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
378 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - libc_tls_static_space),
379 		    libc_tls_static_space);
380 
381 		/*
382 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
383 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
384 		 */
385 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
386 	} else {
387 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
388 		    libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
389 		memset((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space +
390 		    libc_tls_init_size), 0,
391 		    libc_tls_static_space - libc_tls_init_size);
392 	}
393 
394 	return (void*) segbase;
395 }
396 
397 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
398 
399 #else
400 
401 void *
402 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
403 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
404 {
405 	return (0);
406 }
407 
408 void
409 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
410 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
411 {
412 }
413 
414 #endif /* PIC */
415 
416 extern char **environ;
417 
418 void
419 _init_tls(void)
420 {
421 #ifndef PIC
422 	Elf_Addr *sp;
423 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
424 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
425 	size_t phent, phnum;
426 	int i;
427 	void *tls;
428 
429 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
430 	while (*sp++ != 0)
431 		;
432 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
433 	phdr = NULL;
434 	phent = phnum = 0;
435 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
436 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
437 		case AT_PHDR:
438 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
439 			break;
440 
441 		case AT_PHENT:
442 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
443 			break;
444 
445 		case AT_PHNUM:
446 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
447 			break;
448 		}
449 	}
450 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
451 		return;
452 
453 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
454 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
455 			libc_tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
456 			    phdr[i].p_align);
457 			libc_tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
458 			libc_tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
459 			libc_tls_init = (void *)phdr[i].p_vaddr;
460 			break;
461 		}
462 	}
463 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
464 
465 	_set_tp(tls);
466 #endif
467 }
468