xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision b64c5a0ace59af62eff52bfe110a521dc73c937b)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
31  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
32  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
33  */
34 
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <stdlib.h>
37 #include <string.h>
38 #include <elf.h>
39 #include <unistd.h>
40 
41 #include "rtld.h"
42 #include "libc_private.h"
43 
44 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
45     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
46       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
47 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
48 
49 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
50 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
51 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
52 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
53 
54 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
55 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
56 
57 #ifdef __i386__
58 
59 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
60 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
61 
62 #endif
63 
64 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
65 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
66 
67 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
68 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
69 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
70 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 
72 #ifndef PIC
73 
74 static size_t libc_tls_static_space;
75 static size_t libc_tls_init_size;
76 static size_t libc_tls_init_align;
77 static void *libc_tls_init;
78 #endif
79 
80 void *
81 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
82 {
83 	uintptr_t *dtv;
84 	tls_index *ti;
85 
86 	dtv = _tcb_get()->tcb_dtv;
87 	ti = vti;
88 	return ((char *)(dtv[ti->ti_module + 1] + ti->ti_offset) +
89 	    TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
90 }
91 
92 #ifdef __i386__
93 
94 /* GNU ABI */
95 
96 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
97 void *
98 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
99 {
100 	return (__libc_tls_get_addr(vti));
101 }
102 
103 #endif
104 
105 #ifndef PIC
106 
107 static void *
108 libc_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
109 {
110 	void *mem, *res;
111 
112 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
113 		align = sizeof(void *);
114 
115 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
116 	if (mem == NULL)
117 		return (NULL);
118 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
119 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
120 	return (res);
121 }
122 
123 static void
124 libc_free_aligned(void *ptr)
125 {
126 	void *mem;
127 	uintptr_t x;
128 
129 	if (ptr == NULL)
130 		return;
131 
132 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
133 	x -= sizeof(void *);
134 	mem = *(void **)x;
135 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
136 }
137 
138 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
139 
140 /*
141  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
142  *
143  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
144  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
145  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
146  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
147  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
148  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
149  *
150  * - PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I, described in [3]
151  *   where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately precedes TLS without
152  *   any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.  The TCB[0] points to DTV
153  *   vector and DTV values are biased by constant value (TLS_DTV_OFFSET) from
154  *   real addresses[5].
155  *
156  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
157  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
158  *
159  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
160  *     Architecture
161  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
162  *
163  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
164  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
165  *
166  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
167  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _tcb_set()
168  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
169  *     TCB as argument.
170  *
171  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
172  */
173 
174 /*
175  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
176  */
177 static void *
178 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
179 {
180 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
181 
182 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
183 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
184 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
185 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
186 #else
187 	post_size = 0;
188 #endif
189 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
190 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
191 	    tls_block_size;
192 
193 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
194 }
195 
196 /*
197  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
198  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
199  * the block.
200  */
201 void
202 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
203 {
204 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
205 	Elf_Addr **tls;
206 
207 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
208 	dtv = tls[0];
209 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
210 	libc_free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
211 }
212 
213 /*
214  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
215  *
216  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
217  * TLS block:
218  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
219  *
220  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
221  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
222  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
223  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
224  *
225  * where:
226  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
227  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS alignment for first version of TLS
228  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
229  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB alignment for first version and to adjust
230  *            TLS alignment for second version.
231  *
232  */
233 void *
234 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
235 {
236 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
237 	char *tls_block, *tls;
238 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
239 
240 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
241 		return (oldtcb);
242 
243 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
244 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
245 
246 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
247 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
248 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
249 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
250 #else
251 	post_size = 0;
252 #endif
253 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
254 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
255 	    tls_block_size;
256 	tls_block_size += pre_size + libc_tls_static_space;
257 
258 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
259 	tls_block = libc_malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
260 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
261 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
262 		abort();
263 	}
264 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
265 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
266 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
267 
268 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
269 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
270 		    tls_block_size);
271 		libc_free_aligned(oldtcb);
272 
273 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
274 		dtv = tcb[0];
275 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
276 	} else {
277 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
278 		if (dtv == NULL) {
279 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
280 			abort();
281 		}
282 		/* Build the DTV. */
283 		tcb[0] = dtv;
284 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
285 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
286 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
287 
288 		if (libc_tls_init_size > 0)
289 			memcpy(tls, libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
290 	}
291 
292 	return (tcb);
293 }
294 
295 #endif
296 
297 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
298 
299 /*
300  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
301  */
302 void
303 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
304 {
305 	size_t size;
306 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
307 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
308 
309 	/*
310 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
311 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
312 	 */
313 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
314 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
315 
316 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
317 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
318 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
319 	libc_free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
320 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
321 }
322 
323 /*
324  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
325  */
326 void *
327 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
328 {
329 	size_t size;
330 	char *tls;
331 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
332 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
333 
334 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
335 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
336 
337 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
338 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
339 	tls = libc_malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
340 	if (tls == NULL) {
341 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
342 		abort();
343 	}
344 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
345 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
346 	if (dtv == NULL) {
347 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
348 		abort();
349 	}
350 
351 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
352 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
353 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
354 
355 	dtv[0] = 1;
356 	dtv[1] = 1;
357 	dtv[2] = segbase - libc_tls_static_space;
358 
359 	if (oldtls) {
360 		/*
361 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
362 		 */
363 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
364 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
365 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - libc_tls_static_space),
366 		    libc_tls_static_space);
367 
368 		/*
369 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
370 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
371 		 */
372 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
373 	} else {
374 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
375 		    libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
376 		memset((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space +
377 		    libc_tls_init_size), 0,
378 		    libc_tls_static_space - libc_tls_init_size);
379 	}
380 
381 	return (void*) segbase;
382 }
383 
384 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
385 
386 #else
387 
388 void *
389 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
390 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
391 {
392 	return (0);
393 }
394 
395 void
396 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
397 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
398 {
399 }
400 
401 #endif /* PIC */
402 
403 void
404 _init_tls(void)
405 {
406 #ifndef PIC
407 	Elf_Addr *sp;
408 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
409 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
410 	size_t phent, phnum;
411 	int i;
412 	void *tls;
413 
414 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
415 	while (*sp++ != 0)
416 		;
417 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
418 	phdr = NULL;
419 	phent = phnum = 0;
420 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
421 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
422 		case AT_PHDR:
423 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
424 			break;
425 
426 		case AT_PHENT:
427 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
428 			break;
429 
430 		case AT_PHNUM:
431 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
432 			break;
433 		}
434 	}
435 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
436 		return;
437 
438 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
439 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
440 			libc_tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
441 			    phdr[i].p_align);
442 			libc_tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
443 			libc_tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
444 			libc_tls_init = (void *)phdr[i].p_vaddr;
445 			break;
446 		}
447 	}
448 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
449 
450 	_tcb_set(tls);
451 #endif
452 }
453