xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision a0409676120c1e558d0ade943019934e0f15118d)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  *	$FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
33  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
34  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <elf.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include "libc_private.h"
45 
46 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
47     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
48       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
49 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
50 
51 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
52 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
53 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
54 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
55 
56 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
57 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
58 
59 #ifdef __i386__
60 
61 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
62 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
63 
64 #endif
65 
66 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
67 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
68 
69 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
70 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
72 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
73 
74 #if defined(__amd64__)
75 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN 16
76 #elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__) || \
77     defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
78 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN sizeof(void *)
79 #else
80 #error TLS_TCB_ALIGN undefined for target architecture
81 #endif
82 
83 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__) || \
84     defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
85 #define TLS_VARIANT_I
86 #endif
87 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
88 #define TLS_VARIANT_II
89 #endif
90 
91 #if defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
92 #define DTV_OFFSET 0x8000
93 #else
94 #define DTV_OFFSET 0
95 #endif
96 
97 #ifndef PIC
98 
99 static size_t tls_static_space;
100 static size_t tls_init_size;
101 static size_t tls_init_align;
102 static void *tls_init;
103 #endif
104 
105 #ifdef __i386__
106 
107 /* GNU ABI */
108 
109 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
110 void *
111 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *ti __unused)
112 {
113 	return (0);
114 }
115 
116 #endif
117 
118 void *
119 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *ti __unused)
120 {
121 	return (0);
122 }
123 
124 #ifndef PIC
125 
126 static void *
127 malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
128 {
129 	void *mem, *res;
130 
131 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
132 		align = sizeof(void *);
133 
134 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
135 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
136 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
137 	return (res);
138 }
139 
140 static void
141 free_aligned(void *ptr)
142 {
143 	void *mem;
144 	uintptr_t x;
145 
146 	if (ptr == NULL)
147 		return;
148 
149 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
150 	x -= sizeof(void *);
151 	mem = *(void **)x;
152 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
153 }
154 
155 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
156 
157 /*
158  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
159  *
160  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
161  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
162  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
163  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
164  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
165  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
166  *
167  * - MIPS, PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I,
168  *   described in [3] where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately
169  *   precedes TLS without any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.
170  *   The TCB[0] points to DTV vector and DTV values are biased by constant
171  *   value (0x8000) from real addresses[5].
172  *
173  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
174  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
175  *
176  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
177  *     Architecture
178  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
179  *
180  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
181  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
182  *
183  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
184  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _set_tp()
185  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
186  *     TCB as argument.
187  *
188  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
189  */
190 
191 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(2 * sizeof(void *))
192 
193 /*
194  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
195  */
196 static void *
197 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
198 {
199 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
200 
201 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
202 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
203 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
204 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
205 #else
206 	post_size = 0;
207 #endif
208 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
209 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, tls_init_align) - tls_block_size;
210 
211 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
212 }
213 
214 /*
215  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
216  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
217  * the block.
218  */
219 void
220 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
221 {
222 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
223 	Elf_Addr **tls;
224 
225 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
226 	dtv = tls[0];
227 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
228 	free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
229 }
230 
231 /*
232  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
233  *
234  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
235  * TLS block:
236  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
237  *
238  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
239  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
240  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
241  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
242  *
243  * where:
244  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
245  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS aligment for first version of TLS
246  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
247  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB aligment for first version and to adjust
248  *            TLS alignment for second version.
249  *
250  */
251 void *
252 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
253 {
254 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
255 	char *tls_block, *tls;
256 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
257 
258 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
259 		return (oldtcb);
260 
261 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
262 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
263 
264 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
265 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
266 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
267 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
268 #else
269 	post_size = 0;
270 #endif
271 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
272 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, tls_init_align) - tls_block_size;
273 	tls_block_size += pre_size + tls_static_space;
274 
275 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
276 	tls_block = malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
277 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
278 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
279 		abort();
280 	}
281 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
282 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
283 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
284 
285 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
286 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
287 		    tls_block_size);
288 		free_aligned(oldtcb);
289 
290 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
291 		dtv = tcb[0];
292 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
293 	} else {
294 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
295 		if (dtv == NULL) {
296 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
297 			abort();
298 		}
299 		/* Build the DTV. */
300 		tcb[0] = dtv;
301 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
302 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
303 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
304 
305 		if (tls_init_size > 0)
306 			memcpy(tls, tls_init, tls_init_size);
307 	}
308 
309 	return (tcb);
310 }
311 
312 #endif
313 
314 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
315 
316 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
317 
318 /*
319  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
320  */
321 void
322 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
323 {
324 	size_t size;
325 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
326 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
327 
328 	/*
329 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
330 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
331 	 */
332 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
333 	size = roundup2(tls_static_space, tcbalign);
334 
335 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
336 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
337 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
338 	free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
339 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
344  */
345 void *
346 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
347 {
348 	size_t size;
349 	char *tls;
350 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
351 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
352 
353 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
354 	size = roundup2(tls_static_space, tcbalign);
355 
356 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
357 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
358 	tls = malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
359 	if (tls == NULL) {
360 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
361 		abort();
362 	}
363 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
364 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
365 	if (dtv == NULL) {
366 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
367 		abort();
368 	}
369 
370 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
371 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
372 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
373 
374 	dtv[0] = 1;
375 	dtv[1] = 1;
376 	dtv[2] = segbase - tls_static_space;
377 
378 	if (oldtls) {
379 		/*
380 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
381 		 */
382 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
383 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space),
384 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - tls_static_space),
385 		    tls_static_space);
386 
387 		/*
388 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
389 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
390 		 */
391 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
392 	} else {
393 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space),
394 		    tls_init, tls_init_size);
395 		memset((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space + tls_init_size),
396 		    0, tls_static_space - tls_init_size);
397 	}
398 
399 	return (void*) segbase;
400 }
401 
402 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
403 
404 #else
405 
406 void *
407 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
408 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
409 {
410 	return (0);
411 }
412 
413 void
414 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
415 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
416 {
417 }
418 
419 #endif /* PIC */
420 
421 extern char **environ;
422 
423 void
424 _init_tls(void)
425 {
426 #ifndef PIC
427 	Elf_Addr *sp;
428 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
429 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
430 	size_t phent, phnum;
431 	int i;
432 	void *tls;
433 
434 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
435 	while (*sp++ != 0)
436 		;
437 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
438 	phdr = NULL;
439 	phent = phnum = 0;
440 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
441 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
442 		case AT_PHDR:
443 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
444 			break;
445 
446 		case AT_PHENT:
447 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
448 			break;
449 
450 		case AT_PHNUM:
451 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
452 			break;
453 		}
454 	}
455 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
456 		return;
457 
458 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
459 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
460 			tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
461 			    phdr[i].p_align);
462 			tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
463 			tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
464 			tls_init = (void*) phdr[i].p_vaddr;
465 			break;
466 		}
467 	}
468 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
469 
470 	_set_tp(tls);
471 #endif
472 }
473