xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision 8f63fa78e84afd23fa68c82eabfe64763c92d4f5)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  *	$FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
33  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
34  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <elf.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include "rtld.h"
45 #include "libc_private.h"
46 
47 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
48     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
49       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
50 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
51 
52 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
53 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
54 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
55 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
56 
57 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
58 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
59 
60 #ifdef __i386__
61 
62 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
63 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
64 
65 #endif
66 
67 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
68 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
69 
70 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
72 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
73 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
74 
75 #if defined(__amd64__)
76 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN 16
77 #elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__) || \
78     defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
79 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN sizeof(void *)
80 #else
81 #error TLS_TCB_ALIGN undefined for target architecture
82 #endif
83 
84 #if defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
85 #define DTV_OFFSET 0x8000
86 #else
87 #define DTV_OFFSET 0
88 #endif
89 
90 #ifndef PIC
91 
92 static size_t libc_tls_static_space;
93 static size_t libc_tls_init_size;
94 static size_t libc_tls_init_align;
95 static void *libc_tls_init;
96 #endif
97 
98 void *
99 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
100 {
101 	Elf_Addr **dtvp, *dtv;
102 	tls_index *ti;
103 
104 	dtvp = _get_tp();
105 	dtv = *dtvp;
106 	ti = vti;
107 	return ((char *)(dtv[ti->ti_module + 1] + ti->ti_offset) +
108 	    TLS_DTV_OFFSET);
109 }
110 
111 #ifdef __i386__
112 
113 /* GNU ABI */
114 
115 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
116 void *
117 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *vti)
118 {
119 	return (__libc_tls_get_addr(vti));
120 }
121 
122 #endif
123 
124 #ifndef PIC
125 
126 static void *
127 libc_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
128 {
129 	void *mem, *res;
130 
131 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
132 		align = sizeof(void *);
133 
134 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
135 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
136 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
137 	return (res);
138 }
139 
140 static void
141 libc_free_aligned(void *ptr)
142 {
143 	void *mem;
144 	uintptr_t x;
145 
146 	if (ptr == NULL)
147 		return;
148 
149 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
150 	x -= sizeof(void *);
151 	mem = *(void **)x;
152 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
153 }
154 
155 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
156 
157 /*
158  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
159  *
160  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
161  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
162  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
163  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
164  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
165  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
166  *
167  * - MIPS, PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I,
168  *   described in [3] where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately
169  *   precedes TLS without any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.
170  *   The TCB[0] points to DTV vector and DTV values are biased by constant
171  *   value (0x8000) from real addresses[5].
172  *
173  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
174  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
175  *
176  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
177  *     Architecture
178  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
179  *
180  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
181  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
182  *
183  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
184  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _set_tp()
185  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
186  *     TCB as argument.
187  *
188  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
189  */
190 
191 /*
192  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
193  */
194 static void *
195 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
196 {
197 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
198 
199 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
200 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
201 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
202 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
203 #else
204 	post_size = 0;
205 #endif
206 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
207 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
208 	    tls_block_size;
209 
210 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
211 }
212 
213 /*
214  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
215  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
216  * the block.
217  */
218 void
219 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
220 {
221 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
222 	Elf_Addr **tls;
223 
224 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
225 	dtv = tls[0];
226 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
227 	libc_free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
228 }
229 
230 /*
231  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
232  *
233  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
234  * TLS block:
235  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
236  *
237  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
238  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
239  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
240  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
241  *
242  * where:
243  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
244  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS alignment for first version of TLS
245  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
246  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB alignment for first version and to adjust
247  *            TLS alignment for second version.
248  *
249  */
250 void *
251 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
252 {
253 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
254 	char *tls_block, *tls;
255 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
256 
257 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
258 		return (oldtcb);
259 
260 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
261 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
262 
263 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
264 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
265 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
266 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, libc_tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
267 #else
268 	post_size = 0;
269 #endif
270 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
271 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, libc_tls_init_align) -
272 	    tls_block_size;
273 	tls_block_size += pre_size + libc_tls_static_space;
274 
275 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
276 	tls_block = libc_malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
277 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
278 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
279 		abort();
280 	}
281 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
282 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
283 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
284 
285 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
286 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
287 		    tls_block_size);
288 		libc_free_aligned(oldtcb);
289 
290 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
291 		dtv = tcb[0];
292 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
293 	} else {
294 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
295 		if (dtv == NULL) {
296 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
297 			abort();
298 		}
299 		/* Build the DTV. */
300 		tcb[0] = dtv;
301 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
302 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
303 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
304 
305 		if (libc_tls_init_size > 0)
306 			memcpy(tls, libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
307 	}
308 
309 	return (tcb);
310 }
311 
312 #endif
313 
314 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
315 
316 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
317 
318 /*
319  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
320  */
321 void
322 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
323 {
324 	size_t size;
325 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
326 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
327 
328 	/*
329 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
330 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
331 	 */
332 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
333 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
334 
335 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
336 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
337 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
338 	libc_free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
339 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
344  */
345 void *
346 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
347 {
348 	size_t size;
349 	char *tls;
350 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
351 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
352 
353 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, libc_tls_init_align);
354 	size = roundup2(libc_tls_static_space, tcbalign);
355 
356 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
357 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
358 	tls = libc_malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
359 	if (tls == NULL) {
360 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
361 		abort();
362 	}
363 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
364 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
365 	if (dtv == NULL) {
366 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
367 		abort();
368 	}
369 
370 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
371 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
372 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
373 
374 	dtv[0] = 1;
375 	dtv[1] = 1;
376 	dtv[2] = segbase - libc_tls_static_space;
377 
378 	if (oldtls) {
379 		/*
380 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
381 		 */
382 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
383 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
384 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - libc_tls_static_space),
385 		    libc_tls_static_space);
386 
387 		/*
388 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
389 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
390 		 */
391 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
392 	} else {
393 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space),
394 		    libc_tls_init, libc_tls_init_size);
395 		memset((void *)(segbase - libc_tls_static_space +
396 		    libc_tls_init_size), 0,
397 		    libc_tls_static_space - libc_tls_init_size);
398 	}
399 
400 	return (void*) segbase;
401 }
402 
403 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
404 
405 #else
406 
407 void *
408 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
409 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
410 {
411 	return (0);
412 }
413 
414 void
415 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
416 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
417 {
418 }
419 
420 #endif /* PIC */
421 
422 extern char **environ;
423 
424 void
425 _init_tls(void)
426 {
427 #ifndef PIC
428 	Elf_Addr *sp;
429 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
430 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
431 	size_t phent, phnum;
432 	int i;
433 	void *tls;
434 
435 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
436 	while (*sp++ != 0)
437 		;
438 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
439 	phdr = NULL;
440 	phent = phnum = 0;
441 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
442 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
443 		case AT_PHDR:
444 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
445 			break;
446 
447 		case AT_PHENT:
448 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
449 			break;
450 
451 		case AT_PHNUM:
452 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
453 			break;
454 		}
455 	}
456 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
457 		return;
458 
459 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
460 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
461 			libc_tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
462 			    phdr[i].p_align);
463 			libc_tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
464 			libc_tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
465 			libc_tls_init = (void *)phdr[i].p_vaddr;
466 			break;
467 		}
468 	}
469 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
470 
471 	_set_tp(tls);
472 #endif
473 }
474