xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/tls.c (revision 4928135658a9d0eaee37003df6137ab363fcb0b4)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  *	$FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
33  * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
34  * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <elf.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include "libc_private.h"
45 
46 #define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
47     (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
48       __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
49 #define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))
50 
51 /* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
52 void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
53 void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
54 void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);
55 
56 __weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
57 __weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);
58 
59 #ifdef __i386__
60 
61 __weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
62 __attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
63 
64 #endif
65 
66 void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
67 __weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);
68 
69 void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
70 void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
71 void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
72 void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
73 
74 #if defined(__amd64__)
75 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN 16
76 #elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__) || \
77     defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv) || \
78     defined(__sparc64__)
79 #define TLS_TCB_ALIGN sizeof(void *)
80 #else
81 #error TLS_TCB_ALIGN undefined for target architecture
82 #endif
83 
84 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__) || \
85     defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
86 #define TLS_VARIANT_I
87 #endif
88 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__sparc64__)
89 #define TLS_VARIANT_II
90 #endif
91 
92 #if defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
93 #define DTV_OFFSET 0x8000
94 #else
95 #define DTV_OFFSET 0
96 #endif
97 
98 #ifndef PIC
99 
100 static size_t tls_static_space;
101 static size_t tls_init_size;
102 static size_t tls_init_align;
103 static void *tls_init;
104 #endif
105 
106 #ifdef __i386__
107 
108 /* GNU ABI */
109 
110 __attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
111 void *
112 ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *ti __unused)
113 {
114 	return (0);
115 }
116 
117 #endif
118 
119 void *
120 __libc_tls_get_addr(void *ti __unused)
121 {
122 	return (0);
123 }
124 
125 #ifndef PIC
126 
127 static void *
128 malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
129 {
130 	void *mem, *res;
131 
132 	if (align < sizeof(void *))
133 		align = sizeof(void *);
134 
135 	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
136 	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
137 	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
138 	return (res);
139 }
140 
141 static void
142 free_aligned(void *ptr)
143 {
144 	void *mem;
145 	uintptr_t x;
146 
147 	if (ptr == NULL)
148 		return;
149 
150 	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
151 	x -= sizeof(void *);
152 	mem = *(void **)x;
153 	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
154 }
155 
156 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I
157 
158 /*
159  * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
160  *
161  * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
162  *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
163  *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
164  *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
165  *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
166  *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
167  *
168  * - MIPS, PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I,
169  *   described in [3] where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately
170  *   precedes TLS without any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.
171  *   The TCB[0] points to DTV vector and DTV values are biased by constant
172  *   value (0x8000) from real addresses[5].
173  *
174  * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
175  *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
176  *
177  * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
178  *     Architecture
179  *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
180  *
181  * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
182  *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
183  *
184  * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
185  *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _set_tp()
186  *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
187  *     TCB as argument.
188  *
189  * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
190  */
191 
192 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(2 * sizeof(void *))
193 
194 /*
195  * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
196  */
197 static void *
198 get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
199 {
200 	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
201 
202 	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
203 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
204 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
205 	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
206 #else
207 	post_size = 0;
208 #endif
209 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
210 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, tls_init_align) - tls_block_size;
211 
212 	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
213 }
214 
215 /*
216  * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
217  * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
218  * the block.
219  */
220 void
221 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
222 {
223 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
224 	Elf_Addr **tls;
225 
226 	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
227 	dtv = tls[0];
228 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
229 	free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
230 }
231 
232 /*
233  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
234  *
235  * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for
236  * TLS block:
237  * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
238  *
239  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
240  * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
241  * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
242  * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
243  *
244  * where:
245  *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
246  *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS aligment for first version of TLS
247  *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
248  *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB aligment for first version and to adjust
249  *            TLS alignment for second version.
250  *
251  */
252 void *
253 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
254 {
255 	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
256 	char *tls_block, *tls;
257 	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;
258 
259 	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
260 		return (oldtcb);
261 
262 	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
263 	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
264 
265 	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
266 	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
267 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
268 	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
269 #else
270 	post_size = 0;
271 #endif
272 	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
273 	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, tls_init_align) - tls_block_size;
274 	tls_block_size += pre_size + tls_static_space;
275 
276 	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
277 	tls_block = malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
278 	if (tls_block == NULL) {
279 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
280 		abort();
281 	}
282 	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
283 	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
284 	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;
285 
286 	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
287 		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
288 		    tls_block_size);
289 		free_aligned(oldtcb);
290 
291 		/* Adjust the DTV. */
292 		dtv = tcb[0];
293 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
294 	} else {
295 		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
296 		if (dtv == NULL) {
297 			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
298 			abort();
299 		}
300 		/* Build the DTV. */
301 		tcb[0] = dtv;
302 		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
303 		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
304 		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
305 
306 		if (tls_init_size > 0)
307 			memcpy(tls, tls_init, tls_init_size);
308 	}
309 
310 	return (tcb);
311 }
312 
313 #endif
314 
315 #ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II
316 
317 #define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
318 
319 /*
320  * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
321  */
322 void
323 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
324 {
325 	size_t size;
326 	Elf_Addr* dtv;
327 	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;
328 
329 	/*
330 	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
331 	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
332 	 */
333 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
334 	size = roundup2(tls_static_space, tcbalign);
335 
336 	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
337 	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
338 	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
339 	free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
340 	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
341 }
342 
343 /*
344  * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
345  */
346 void *
347 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
348 {
349 	size_t size;
350 	char *tls;
351 	Elf_Addr *dtv;
352 	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;
353 
354 	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
355 	size = roundup2(tls_static_space, tcbalign);
356 
357 	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
358 		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
359 	tls = malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
360 	if (tls == NULL) {
361 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
362 		abort();
363 	}
364 	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
365 	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
366 	if (dtv == NULL) {
367 		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
368 		abort();
369 	}
370 
371 	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
372 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
373 	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;
374 
375 	dtv[0] = 1;
376 	dtv[1] = 1;
377 	dtv[2] = segbase - tls_static_space;
378 
379 	if (oldtls) {
380 		/*
381 		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
382 		 */
383 		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
384 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space),
385 		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - tls_static_space),
386 		    tls_static_space);
387 
388 		/*
389 		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
390 		 * allocate_initial_tls().
391 		 */
392 		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
393 	} else {
394 		memcpy((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space),
395 		    tls_init, tls_init_size);
396 		memset((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space + tls_init_size),
397 		    0, tls_static_space - tls_init_size);
398 	}
399 
400 	return (void*) segbase;
401 }
402 
403 #endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */
404 
405 #else
406 
407 void *
408 __libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
409 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
410 {
411 	return (0);
412 }
413 
414 void
415 __libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
416 	size_t tcbalign __unused)
417 {
418 }
419 
420 #endif /* PIC */
421 
422 extern char **environ;
423 
424 void
425 _init_tls(void)
426 {
427 #ifndef PIC
428 	Elf_Addr *sp;
429 	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
430 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
431 	size_t phent, phnum;
432 	int i;
433 	void *tls;
434 
435 	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
436 	while (*sp++ != 0)
437 		;
438 	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
439 	phdr = NULL;
440 	phent = phnum = 0;
441 	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
442 		switch (auxp->a_type) {
443 		case AT_PHDR:
444 			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
445 			break;
446 
447 		case AT_PHENT:
448 			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
449 			break;
450 
451 		case AT_PHNUM:
452 			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
453 			break;
454 		}
455 	}
456 	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
457 		return;
458 
459 	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
460 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
461 			tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
462 			    phdr[i].p_align);
463 			tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
464 			tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
465 			tls_init = (void*) phdr[i].p_vaddr;
466 			break;
467 		}
468 	}
469 	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
470 
471 	_set_tp(tls);
472 #endif
473 }
474