xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/sysctl.3 (revision e627b39baccd1ec9129690167cf5e6d860509655)
1.\" Copyright (c) 1993
2.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6.\" are met:
7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
14.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
15.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18.\"    without specific prior written permission.
19.\"
20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31.\"
32.\"	@(#)sysctl.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
33.\"
34.Dd "June 4, 1993"
35.Dt SYSCTL 3
36.Os
37.Sh NAME
38.Nm sysctl
39.Nd get or set system information
40.Sh SYNOPSIS
41.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
42.Fd #include <sys/sysctl.h>
43.Ft int
44.Fn sysctl "int *name" "u_int namelen" "void *oldp" "size_t *oldlenp" "void *newp" "size_t newlen"
45.Sh DESCRIPTION
46The
47.Fn sysctl
48function retrieves system information and allows processes with
49appropriate privileges to set system information.
50The information available from
51.Fn sysctl
52consists of integers, strings, and tables.
53Information may be retrieved and set from the command interface
54using the
55.Xr sysctl 8
56utility.
57.Pp
58Unless explicitly noted below,
59.Fn sysctl
60returns a consistent snapshot of the data requested.
61Consistency is obtained by locking the destination
62buffer into memory so that the data may be copied out without blocking.
63Calls to
64.Fn sysctl
65are serialized to avoid deadlock.
66.Pp
67The state is described using a ``Management Information Base'' (MIB)
68style name, listed in
69.Fa name ,
70which is a
71.Fa namelen
72length array of integers.
73.Pp
74The information is copied into the buffer specified by
75.Fa oldp .
76The size of the buffer is given by the location specified by
77.Fa oldlenp
78before the call,
79and that location gives the amount of data copied after a successful call.
80If the amount of data available is greater
81than the size of the buffer supplied,
82the call supplies as much data as fits in the buffer provided
83and returns with the error code ENOMEM.
84If the old value is not desired,
85.Fa oldp
86and
87.Fa oldlenp
88should be set to NULL.
89.Pp
90The size of the available data can be determined by calling
91.Fn sysctl
92with a NULL parameter for
93.Fa oldp .
94The size of the available data will be returned in the location pointed to by
95.Fa oldlenp .
96For some operations, the amount of space may change often.
97For these operations,
98the system attempts to round up so that the returned size is
99large enough for a call to return the data shortly thereafter.
100.Pp
101To set a new value,
102.Fa newp
103is set to point to a buffer of length
104.Fa newlen
105from which the requested value is to be taken.
106If a new value is not to be set,
107.Fa newp
108should be set to NULL and
109.Fa newlen
110set to 0.
111.Pp
112The top level names are defined with a CTL_ prefix in
113.Pa <sys/sysctl.h> ,
114and are as follows.
115The next and subsequent levels down are found in the include files
116listed here, and described in separate sections below.
117.Pp
118.Bl -column CTLXMACHDEPXXX "Next level namesXXXXXX" -offset indent
119.It Sy Pa Name	Next level names	Description
120.It CTL\_DEBUG	sys/sysctl.h	Debugging
121.It CTL\_VFS	sys/sysctl.h	File system
122.It CTL\_HW	sys/sysctl.h	Generic CPU, I/O
123.It CTL\_KERN	sys/sysctl.h	High kernel limits
124.It CTL\_MACHDEP	sys/sysctl.h	Machine dependent
125.It CTL\_NET	sys/socket.h	Networking
126.It CTL\_USER	sys/sysctl.h	User-level
127.It CTL\_VM	vm/vm_param.h	Virtual memory
128.El
129.Pp
130For example, the following retrieves the maximum number of processes allowed
131in the system:
132.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
133int mib[2], maxproc;
134size_t len;
135.sp
136mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
137mib[1] = KERN_MAXPROC;
138len = sizeof(maxproc);
139sysctl(mib, 2, &maxproc, &len, NULL, 0);
140.Ed
141.sp
142To retrieve the standard search path for the system utilities:
143.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
144int mib[2];
145size_t len;
146char *p;
147.sp
148mib[0] = CTL_USER;
149mib[1] = USER_CS_PATH;
150sysctl(mib, 2, NULL, &len, NULL, 0);
151p = malloc(len);
152sysctl(mib, 2, p, &len, NULL, 0);
153.Ed
154.Sh CTL_DEBUG
155The debugging variables vary from system to system.
156A debugging variable may be added or deleted without need to recompile
157.Fn sysctl
158to know about it.
159Each time it runs,
160.Fn sysctl
161gets the list of debugging variables from the kernel and
162displays their current values.
163The system defines twenty
164.Ns ( Va struct ctldebug )
165variables named
166.Nm debug0
167through
168.Nm debug19 .
169They are declared as separate variables so that they can be
170individually initialized at the location of their associated variable.
171The loader prevents multiple use of the same variable by issuing errors
172if a variable is initialized in more than one place.
173For example, to export the variable
174.Nm dospecialcheck
175as a debugging variable, the following declaration would be used:
176.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
177int dospecialcheck = 1;
178struct ctldebug debug5 = { "dospecialcheck", &dospecialcheck };
179.Ed
180.Sh CTL_VFS
181There are currently no second level names for the file system.
182.Sh CTL_HW
183The string and integer information available for the CTL_HW level
184is detailed below.
185The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
186privilege may change the value.
187.Bl -column "Second level nameXXXXXX" integerXXX -offset indent
188.It Sy Pa Second level name	Type	Changeable
189.It HW\_MACHINE	string	no
190.It HW\_MODEL	string	no
191.It HW\_NCPU	integer	no
192.It HW\_BYTEORDER	integer	no
193.It HW\_PHYSMEM	integer	no
194.It HW\_USERMEM	integer	no
195.It HW\_PAGESIZE	integer	no
196.It HW\_FLOATINGPOINT	integer	no
197.\".It HW\_DISKNAMES	integer	no
198.\".It HW\_DISKSTATS	integer	no
199.El
200.Pp
201.Bl -tag -width "123456"
202.It Li HW_MACHINE
203The machine class.
204.It Li HW_MODEL
205The machine model
206.It Li HW_NCPU
207The number of cpus.
208.It Li HW_BYTEORDER
209The byteorder (4,321, or 1,234).
210.It Li HW_PHYSMEM
211The bytes of physical memory.
212.It Li HW_USERMEM
213The bytes of non-kernel memory.
214.It Li HW_PAGESIZE
215The software page size.
216.It Li HW_FLOATINGPOINT
217Nonzero if the floating point support is in hardware.
218.\".It Fa HW_DISKNAMES
219.\".It Fa HW_DISKSTATS
220.El
221.Sh CTL_KERN
222The string and integer information available for the CTL_KERN level
223is detailed below.
224The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
225privilege may change the value.
226The types of data currently available are process information,
227system vnodes, the open file entries, routing table entries,
228virtual memory statistics, load average history, and clock rate
229information.
230.Bl -column "KERNXMAXFILESPERPROCXXX" "struct clockrateXXX" -offset indent
231.It Sy Pa Second level name	Type	Changeable
232.It KERN\_ARGMAX	integer	no
233.It KERN\_BOOTFILE	string	yes
234.It KERN\_BOOTTIME	struct timeval	no
235.It KERN\_CLOCKRATE	struct clockinfo	no
236.It KERN\_FILE	struct file	no
237.It KERN\_HOSTID	integer	yes
238.It KERN\_HOSTNAME	string	yes
239.It KERN\_JOB\_CONTROL	integer	no
240.It KERN\_MAXFILES	integer	yes
241.It KERN\_MAXFILESPERPROC	integer	yes
242.It KERN\_MAXPROC	integer	yes
243.It KERN\_MAXPROCPERUID	integer	yes
244.It KERN\_MAXVNODES	integer	yes
245.It KERN\_NGROUPS	integer	no
246.It KERN\_NISDOMAINNAME	string	yes
247.It KERN\_OSRELDATE	integer	no
248.It KERN\_OSRELEASE	string	no
249.It KERN\_OSREV	integer	no
250.It KERN\_OSTYPE	string	no
251.It KERN\_POSIX1	integer	no
252.It KERN\_PROC	struct proc	no
253.It KERN\_PROF	node	not applicable
254.It KERN\_SAVED\_IDS	integer	no
255.It KERN\_SECURELVL	integer	raise only
256.It KERN\_UPDATEINTERVAL	integer	no
257.It KERN\_VERSION	string	no
258.It KERN\_VNODE	struct vnode	no
259.El
260.Pp
261.Bl -tag -width "123456"
262.It Li KERN_ARGMAX
263The maximum bytes of argument to
264.Xr execve 2 .
265.It Li KERN_BOOTFILE
266The full pathname of the file from which the kernel was loaded.
267.It Li KERN_BOOTTIME
268A
269.Va struct timeval
270structure is returned.
271This structure contains the time that the system was booted.
272.It Li KERN_CLOCKRATE
273A
274.Va struct clockinfo
275structure is returned.
276This structure contains the clock, statistics clock and profiling clock
277frequencies, and the number of micro-seconds per hz tick.
278.It Li KERN_FILE
279Return the entire file table.
280The returned data consists of a single
281.Va struct filehead
282followed by an array of
283.Va struct file ,
284whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system.
285.It Li KERN_HOSTID
286Get or set the host id.
287.It Li KERN_HOSTNAME
288Get or set the hostname.
289.It Li KERN_JOB_CONTROL
290Return 1 if job control is available on this system, otherwise 0.
291.It Li KERN_MAXFILES
292The maximum number of files that may be open in the system.
293.It Li KERN_MAXFILESPERPROC
294The maximum number of files that may be open for a single process.
295This limit only applies to processes with an effective uid of nonzero
296at the time of the open request.
297Files that have already been opened are not affected if the limit
298or the effective uid is changed.
299.It Li KERN_MAXPROC
300The maximum number of concurrent processes the system will allow.
301.It Li KERN_MAXPROCPERUID
302The maximum number of concurrent processes the system will allow
303for a single effective uid.
304This limit only applies to processes with an effective uid of nonzero
305at the time of a fork request.
306Processes that have already been started are not affected if the limit
307is changed.
308.It Li KERN_MAXVNODES
309The maximum number of vnodes available on the system.
310.It Li KERN_NGROUPS
311The maximum number of supplemental groups.
312.It Li KERN_NISDOMAINNAME
313The name of the current YP/NIS domain.
314.It Li KERN_OSRELDATE
315The system release date in YYYYMM format
316(January 1996 is encoded as 199601).
317.It Li KERN_OSRELEASE
318The system release string.
319.It Li KERN_OSREV
320The system revision string.
321.It Li KERN_OSTYPE
322The system type string.
323.It Li KERN_POSIX1
324The version of ISO/IEC 9945 (POSIX 1003.1) with which the system
325attempts to comply.
326.It Li KERN_PROC
327Return the entire process table, or a subset of it.
328An array of
329.Va struct kinfo_proc
330structures is returned,
331whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system.
332The third and fourth level names are as follows:
333.Bl -column "Third level nameXXXXXX" "Fourth level is:XXXXXX" -offset indent
334.It Pa Third level name	Fourth level is:
335.It KERN\_PROC\_ALL	None
336.It KERN\_PROC\_PID	A process ID
337.It KERN\_PROC\_PGRP	A process group
338.It KERN\_PROC\_TTY	A tty device
339.It KERN\_PROC\_UID	A user ID
340.It KERN\_PROC\_RUID	A real user ID
341.El
342.It Li KERN_PROF
343Return profiling information about the kernel.
344If the kernel is not compiled for profiling,
345attempts to retrieve any of the KERN_PROF values will
346fail with EOPNOTSUPP.
347The third level names for the string and integer profiling information
348is detailed below.
349The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
350privilege may change the value.
351.Bl -column "GPROFXGMONPARAMXXX" "struct gmonparamXXX" -offset indent
352.It Sy Pa Third level name	Type	Changeable
353.It GPROF\_STATE	integer	yes
354.It GPROF\_COUNT	u_short[\|]	yes
355.It GPROF\_FROMS	u_short[\|]	yes
356.It GPROF\_TOS	struct tostruct	yes
357.It GPROF\_GMONPARAM	struct gmonparam	no
358.El
359.Pp
360The variables are as follows:
361.Bl -tag -width "123456"
362.It Li GPROF_STATE
363Returns GMON_PROF_ON or GMON_PROF_OFF to show that profiling
364is running or stopped.
365.It Li GPROF_COUNT
366Array of statistical program counter counts.
367.It Li GPROF_FROMS
368Array indexed by program counter of call-from points.
369.It Li GPROF_TOS
370Array of
371.Va struct tostruct
372describing destination of calls and their counts.
373.It Li GPROF_GMONPARAM
374Structure giving the sizes of the above arrays.
375.El
376.It Li KERN_SAVED_IDS
377Returns 1 if saved set-group and saved set-user ID is available.
378.It Li KERN_SECURELVL
379The system security level.
380This level may be raised by processes with appropriate privilege.
381It may only be lowered by process 1.
382.It Li KERN_VERSION
383The system version string.
384.It Li KERN_VNODE
385Return the entire vnode table.
386Note, the vnode table is not necessarily a consistent snapshot of
387the system.
388The returned data consists of an array whose size depends on the
389current number of such objects in the system.
390Each element of the array contains the kernel address of a vnode
391.Va struct vnode *
392followed by the vnode itself
393.Va struct vnode .
394.It Li KERN_UPDATEINTERVAL
395The interval between
396.Xr sync 2
397calls in the
398.Xr update 4
399process.
400.El
401.Sh CTL_MACHDEP
402The set of variables defined is architecture dependent.
403The following variables are defined for the i386 architecture.
404.Bl -column "CONSOLE_DEVICEXXX" "struct bootinfoXXX" -offset indent
405.It Sy Pa Second level name	Type	Changeable
406.It Li CPU_CONSDEV	dev_t	no
407.It Li CPU_ADJKERNTZ	int	yes
408.It Li CPU_DISRTCSET	int	yes
409.It Li CPU_BOOTINFO	struct bootinfo	no
410.It Li CPU_WALLCLOCK	int	yes
411.El
412.Sh CTL_NET
413The string and integer information available for the CTL_NET level
414is detailed below.
415The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
416privilege may change the value.
417.Bl -column "Second level nameXXXXXX" "routing messagesXXX" -offset indent
418.It Sy Pa Second level name	Type	Changeable
419.It PF\_ROUTE	routing messages	no
420.It PF\_INET	internet values	yes
421.El
422.Pp
423.Bl -tag -width "123456"
424.It Li PF_ROUTE
425Return the entire routing table or a subset of it.
426The data is returned as a sequence of routing messages (see
427.Xr route 4
428for the header file, format and meaning).
429The length of each message is contained in the message header.
430.Pp
431The third level name is a protocol number, which is currently always 0.
432The fourth level name is an address family, which may be set to 0 to
433select all address families.
434The fifth and sixth level names are as follows:
435.Bl -column "Fifth level nameXXXXXX" "Sixth level is:XXX" -offset indent
436.It Pa Fifth level name	Sixth level is:
437.It NET\_RT\_FLAGS	rtflags
438.It NET\_RT\_DUMP	None
439.It NET\_RT\_IFLIST	None
440.El
441.It Li PF_INET
442Get or set various global information about the internet protocols.
443The third level name is the protocol.
444The fourth level name is the variable name.
445The currently defined protocols and names are:
446.Bl -column "Protocol nameXXXXXX" "Variable nameXXX" "integerXXX" -offset indent
447.It Pa Protocol name	Variable name	Type	Changeable
448.It ip	forwarding	integer	yes
449.It ip	redirect	integer	yes
450.It ip	ttl	integer	yes
451.It icmp	maskrepl	integer	yes
452.It udp	checksum	integer	yes
453.El
454.Pp
455The variables are as follows:
456.Bl -tag -width "123456"
457.It Li ip.forwarding
458Returns 1 when IP forwarding is enabled for the host,
459meaning that the host is acting as a router.
460.It Li ip.redirect
461Returns 1 when ICMP redirects may be sent by the host.
462This option is ignored unless the host is routing IP packets,
463and should normally be enabled on all systems.
464.It Li ip.ttl
465The maximum time-to-live (hop count) value for an IP packet sourced by
466the system.
467This value applies to normal transport protocols, not to ICMP.
468.It Li icmp.maskrepl
469Returns 1 if ICMP network mask requests are to be answered.
470.It Li udp.checksum
471Returns 1 when UDP checksums are being computed and checked.
472Disabling UDP checksums is strongly discouraged.
473.El
474.Sh CTL_USER
475The string and integer information available for the CTL_USER level
476is detailed below.
477The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
478privilege may change the value.
479.Bl -column "USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAXXXX" "integerXXX" -offset indent
480.It Sy Pa Second level name	Type	Changeable
481.It USER\_BC\_BASE\_MAX	integer	no
482.It USER\_BC\_DIM\_MAX	integer	no
483.It USER\_BC\_SCALE\_MAX	integer	no
484.It USER\_BC\_STRING\_MAX	integer	no
485.It USER\_COLL\_WEIGHTS\_MAX	integer	no
486.It USER\_CS\_PATH	string	no
487.It USER\_EXPR\_NEST\_MAX	integer	no
488.It USER\_LINE\_MAX	integer	no
489.It USER\_POSIX2\_CHAR\_TERM	integer	no
490.It USER\_POSIX2\_C\_BIND	integer	no
491.It USER\_POSIX2\_C\_DEV	integer	no
492.It USER\_POSIX2\_FORT\_DEV	integer	no
493.It USER\_POSIX2\_FORT\_RUN	integer	no
494.It USER\_POSIX2\_LOCALEDEF	integer	no
495.It USER\_POSIX2\_SW\_DEV	integer	no
496.It USER\_POSIX2\_UPE	integer	no
497.It USER\_POSIX2\_VERSION	integer	no
498.It USER\_RE\_DUP\_MAX	integer	no
499.It USER\_STREAM\_MAX	integer	no
500.It USER\_TZNAME\_MAX	integer	no
501.El
502.Bl -tag -width "123456"
503.Pp
504.It Li USER_BC_BASE_MAX
505The maximum ibase/obase values in the
506.Xr bc 1
507utility.
508.It Li USER_BC_DIM_MAX
509The maximum array size in the
510.Xr bc 1
511utility.
512.It Li USER_BC_SCALE_MAX
513The maximum scale value in the
514.Xr bc 1
515utility.
516.It Li USER_BC_STRING_MAX
517The maximum string length in the
518.Xr bc 1
519utility.
520.It Li USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
521The maximum number of weights that can be assigned to any entry of
522the LC_COLLATE order keyword in the locale definition file.
523.It Li USER_CS_PATH
524Return a value for the
525.Ev PATH
526environment variable that finds all the standard utilities.
527.It Li USER_EXPR_NEST_MAX
528The maximum number of expressions that can be nested within
529parenthesis by the
530.Xr expr 1
531utility.
532.It Li USER_LINE_MAX
533The maximum length in bytes of a text-processing utility's input
534line.
535.It Li USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM
536Return 1 if the system supports at least one terminal type capable of
537all operations described in POSIX 1003.2, otherwise 0.
538.It Li USER_POSIX2_C_BIND
539Return 1 if the system's C-language development facilities support the
540C-Language Bindings Option, otherwise 0.
541.It Li USER_POSIX2_C_DEV
542Return 1 if the system supports the C-Language Development Utilities Option,
543otherwise 0.
544.It Li USER_POSIX2_FORT_DEV
545Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Development Utilities Option,
546otherwise 0.
547.It Li USER_POSIX2_FORT_RUN
548Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Runtime Utilities Option,
549otherwise 0.
550.It Li USER_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF
551Return 1 if the system supports the creation of locales, otherwise 0.
552.It Li USER_POSIX2_SW_DEV
553Return 1 if the system supports the Software Development Utilities Option,
554otherwise 0.
555.It Li USER_POSIX2_UPE
556Return 1 if the system supports the User Portability Utilities Option,
557otherwise 0.
558.It Li USER_POSIX2_VERSION
559The version of POSIX 1003.2 with which the system attempts to comply.
560.It Li USER_RE_DUP_MAX
561The maximum number of repeated occurrences of a regular expression
562permitted when using interval notation.
563.It Li USER_STREAM_MAX
564The minimum maximum number of streams that a process may have open
565at any one time.
566.It Li USER_TZNAME_MAX
567The minimum maximum number of types supported for the name of a
568timezone.
569.El
570.Sh CTL_VM
571The string and integer information available for the CTL_VM level
572is detailed below.
573The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate
574privilege may change the value.
575.Bl -column "Second level nameXXXXXX" "struct loadavgXXX" -offset indent
576.It Sy Pa Second level name	Type	Changeable
577.It VM\_LOADAVG	struct loadavg	no
578.It VM\_METER	struct vmtotal	no
579.El
580.Pp
581.Bl -tag -width "123456"
582.It Li VM_LOADAVG
583Return the load average history.
584The returned data consists of a
585.Va struct loadavg .
586.It Li VM_METER
587Return the system wide virtual memory statistics.
588The returned data consists of a
589.Va struct vmtotal .
590.El
591.Sh RETURN VALUES
592If the call to
593.Fn sysctl
594is successful, 0 is returned.
595Otherwise \-1 is returned and
596.Va errno
597is set appropriately.
598.Sh ERRORS
599The following errors may be reported:
600.Bl -tag -width Er
601.It Bq Er EFAULT
602The buffer
603.Fa name ,
604.Fa oldp ,
605.Fa newp ,
606or length pointer
607.Fa oldlenp
608contains an invalid address.
609.It Bq Er EINVAL
610The
611.Fa name
612array is less than two or greater than CTL_MAXNAME.
613.It Bq Er EINVAL
614A non-null
615.Fa newp
616is given and its specified length in
617.Fa newlen
618is too large or too small.
619.It Bq Er ENOMEM
620The length pointed to by
621.Fa oldlenp
622is too short to hold the requested value.
623.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
624The
625.Fa name
626array specifies an intermediate rather than terminal name.
627.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
628The
629.Fa name
630array specifies a value that is unknown.
631.It Bq Er EPERM
632An attempt is made to set a read-only value.
633.It Bq Er EPERM
634A process without appropriate privilege attempts to set a value.
635.El
636.Sh FILES
637.Bl -tag -width <netinet/icmpXvar.h> -compact
638.It Pa <sys/sysctl.h>
639definitions for top level identifiers, second level kernel and hardware
640identifiers, and user level identifiers
641.It Pa <sys/socket.h>
642definitions for second level network identifiers
643.It Pa <sys/gmon.h>
644definitions for third level profiling identifiers
645.It Pa <vm/vm_param.h>
646definitions for second level virtual memory identifiers
647.It Pa <netinet/in.h>
648definitions for third level Internet identifiers and
649fourth level IP identifiers
650.It Pa <netinet/icmp_var.h>
651definitions for fourth level ICMP identifiers
652.It Pa <netinet/udp_var.h>
653definitions for fourth level UDP identifiers
654.El
655.Sh SEE ALSO
656.Xr sysctl 8
657.Sh HISTORY
658The
659.Fn sysctl
660function first appeared in
661.Bx 4.4 .
662