xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/fts.c (revision f5147e312f43a9050468de539aeafa072caa1a60)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * $OpenBSD: fts.c,v 1.22 1999/10/03 19:22:22 millert Exp $
32  */
33 
34 #if 0
35 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
36 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)fts.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 8/14/94";
37 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
38 #endif
39 
40 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
41 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
42 
43 #include "namespace.h"
44 #include <sys/param.h>
45 #include <sys/mount.h>
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 
48 #include <dirent.h>
49 #include <errno.h>
50 #include <fcntl.h>
51 #include <fts.h>
52 #include <stdlib.h>
53 #include <string.h>
54 #include <unistd.h>
55 #include "un-namespace.h"
56 
57 #include "gen-private.h"
58 
59 static FTSENT	*fts_alloc(FTS *, char *, size_t);
60 static FTSENT	*fts_build(FTS *, int);
61 static void	 fts_lfree(FTSENT *);
62 static void	 fts_load(FTS *, FTSENT *);
63 static size_t	 fts_maxarglen(char * const *);
64 static void	 fts_padjust(FTS *, FTSENT *);
65 static int	 fts_palloc(FTS *, size_t);
66 static FTSENT	*fts_sort(FTS *, FTSENT *, size_t);
67 static int	 fts_stat(FTS *, FTSENT *, int, int);
68 static int	 fts_safe_changedir(FTS *, FTSENT *, int, char *);
69 static int	 fts_ufslinks(FTS *, const FTSENT *);
70 
71 #define	ISDOT(a)	(a[0] == '.' && (!a[1] || (a[1] == '.' && !a[2])))
72 
73 #define	CLR(opt)	(sp->fts_options &= ~(opt))
74 #define	ISSET(opt)	(sp->fts_options & (opt))
75 #define	SET(opt)	(sp->fts_options |= (opt))
76 
77 #define	FCHDIR(sp, fd)	(!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) && fchdir(fd))
78 
79 /* fts_build flags */
80 #define	BCHILD		1		/* fts_children */
81 #define	BNAMES		2		/* fts_children, names only */
82 #define	BREAD		3		/* fts_read */
83 
84 /*
85  * Internal representation of an FTS, including extra implementation
86  * details.  The FTS returned from fts_open points to this structure's
87  * ftsp_fts member (and can be cast to an _fts_private as required)
88  */
89 struct _fts_private {
90 	FTS		ftsp_fts;
91 	struct statfs	ftsp_statfs;
92 	dev_t		ftsp_dev;
93 	int		ftsp_linksreliable;
94 };
95 
96 /*
97  * The "FTS_NOSTAT" option can avoid a lot of calls to stat(2) if it
98  * knows that a directory could not possibly have subdirectories.  This
99  * is decided by looking at the link count: a subdirectory would
100  * increment its parent's link count by virtue of its own ".." entry.
101  * This assumption only holds for UFS-like filesystems that implement
102  * links and directories this way, so we must punt for others.
103  */
104 
105 static const char *ufslike_filesystems[] = {
106 	"ufs",
107 	"zfs",
108 	"nfs",
109 	"ext2fs",
110 	0
111 };
112 
113 FTS *
114 fts_open(char * const *argv, int options,
115     int (*compar)(const FTSENT * const *, const FTSENT * const *))
116 {
117 	struct _fts_private *priv;
118 	FTS *sp;
119 	FTSENT *p, *root;
120 	FTSENT *parent, *tmp;
121 	size_t len, nitems;
122 
123 	/* Options check. */
124 	if (options & ~FTS_OPTIONMASK) {
125 		errno = EINVAL;
126 		return (NULL);
127 	}
128 
129 	/* fts_open() requires at least one path */
130 	if (*argv == NULL) {
131 		errno = EINVAL;
132 		return (NULL);
133 	}
134 
135 	/* Allocate/initialize the stream. */
136 	if ((priv = calloc(1, sizeof(*priv))) == NULL)
137 		return (NULL);
138 	sp = &priv->ftsp_fts;
139 	sp->fts_compar = compar;
140 	sp->fts_options = options;
141 
142 	/* Logical walks turn on NOCHDIR; symbolic links are too hard. */
143 	if (ISSET(FTS_LOGICAL))
144 		SET(FTS_NOCHDIR);
145 
146 	/*
147 	 * Start out with 1K of path space, and enough, in any case,
148 	 * to hold the user's paths.
149 	 */
150 	if (fts_palloc(sp, MAX(fts_maxarglen(argv), MAXPATHLEN)))
151 		goto mem1;
152 
153 	/* Allocate/initialize root's parent. */
154 	if ((parent = fts_alloc(sp, "", 0)) == NULL)
155 		goto mem2;
156 	parent->fts_level = FTS_ROOTPARENTLEVEL;
157 
158 	/* Shush, GCC. */
159 	tmp = NULL;
160 
161 	/* Allocate/initialize root(s). */
162 	for (root = NULL, nitems = 0; *argv != NULL; ++argv, ++nitems) {
163 		len = strlen(*argv);
164 
165 		p = fts_alloc(sp, *argv, len);
166 		p->fts_level = FTS_ROOTLEVEL;
167 		p->fts_parent = parent;
168 		p->fts_accpath = p->fts_name;
169 		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, ISSET(FTS_COMFOLLOW), -1);
170 
171 		/* Command-line "." and ".." are real directories. */
172 		if (p->fts_info == FTS_DOT)
173 			p->fts_info = FTS_D;
174 
175 		/*
176 		 * If comparison routine supplied, traverse in sorted
177 		 * order; otherwise traverse in the order specified.
178 		 */
179 		if (compar) {
180 			p->fts_link = root;
181 			root = p;
182 		} else {
183 			p->fts_link = NULL;
184 			if (root == NULL)
185 				tmp = root = p;
186 			else {
187 				tmp->fts_link = p;
188 				tmp = p;
189 			}
190 		}
191 	}
192 	if (compar && nitems > 1)
193 		root = fts_sort(sp, root, nitems);
194 
195 	/*
196 	 * Allocate a dummy pointer and make fts_read think that we've just
197 	 * finished the node before the root(s); set p->fts_info to FTS_INIT
198 	 * so that everything about the "current" node is ignored.
199 	 */
200 	if ((sp->fts_cur = fts_alloc(sp, "", 0)) == NULL)
201 		goto mem3;
202 	sp->fts_cur->fts_link = root;
203 	sp->fts_cur->fts_info = FTS_INIT;
204 
205 	/*
206 	 * If using chdir(2), grab a file descriptor pointing to dot to ensure
207 	 * that we can get back here; this could be avoided for some paths,
208 	 * but almost certainly not worth the effort.  Slashes, symbolic links,
209 	 * and ".." are all fairly nasty problems.  Note, if we can't get the
210 	 * descriptor we run anyway, just more slowly.
211 	 */
212 	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) &&
213 	    (sp->fts_rfd = _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
214 		SET(FTS_NOCHDIR);
215 
216 	return (sp);
217 
218 mem3:	fts_lfree(root);
219 	free(parent);
220 mem2:	free(sp->fts_path);
221 mem1:	free(sp);
222 	return (NULL);
223 }
224 
225 static void
226 fts_load(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p)
227 {
228 	size_t len;
229 	char *cp;
230 
231 	/*
232 	 * Load the stream structure for the next traversal.  Since we don't
233 	 * actually enter the directory until after the preorder visit, set
234 	 * the fts_accpath field specially so the chdir gets done to the right
235 	 * place and the user can access the first node.  From fts_open it's
236 	 * known that the path will fit.
237 	 */
238 	len = p->fts_pathlen = p->fts_namelen;
239 	memmove(sp->fts_path, p->fts_name, len + 1);
240 	if ((cp = strrchr(p->fts_name, '/')) && (cp != p->fts_name || cp[1])) {
241 		len = strlen(++cp);
242 		memmove(p->fts_name, cp, len + 1);
243 		p->fts_namelen = len;
244 	}
245 	p->fts_accpath = p->fts_path = sp->fts_path;
246 	sp->fts_dev = p->fts_dev;
247 }
248 
249 int
250 fts_close(FTS *sp)
251 {
252 	FTSENT *freep, *p;
253 	int saved_errno;
254 
255 	/*
256 	 * This still works if we haven't read anything -- the dummy structure
257 	 * points to the root list, so we step through to the end of the root
258 	 * list which has a valid parent pointer.
259 	 */
260 	if (sp->fts_cur) {
261 		for (p = sp->fts_cur; p->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL;) {
262 			freep = p;
263 			p = p->fts_link != NULL ? p->fts_link : p->fts_parent;
264 			free(freep);
265 		}
266 		free(p);
267 	}
268 
269 	/* Free up child linked list, sort array, path buffer. */
270 	if (sp->fts_child)
271 		fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
272 	if (sp->fts_array)
273 		free(sp->fts_array);
274 	free(sp->fts_path);
275 
276 	/* Return to original directory, save errno if necessary. */
277 	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
278 		saved_errno = fchdir(sp->fts_rfd) ? errno : 0;
279 		(void)_close(sp->fts_rfd);
280 
281 		/* Set errno and return. */
282 		if (saved_errno != 0) {
283 			/* Free up the stream pointer. */
284 			free(sp);
285 			errno = saved_errno;
286 			return (-1);
287 		}
288 	}
289 
290 	/* Free up the stream pointer. */
291 	free(sp);
292 	return (0);
293 }
294 
295 /*
296  * Special case of "/" at the end of the path so that slashes aren't
297  * appended which would cause paths to be written as "....//foo".
298  */
299 #define	NAPPEND(p)							\
300 	(p->fts_path[p->fts_pathlen - 1] == '/'				\
301 	    ? p->fts_pathlen - 1 : p->fts_pathlen)
302 
303 FTSENT *
304 fts_read(FTS *sp)
305 {
306 	FTSENT *p, *tmp;
307 	int instr;
308 	char *t;
309 	int saved_errno;
310 
311 	/* If finished or unrecoverable error, return NULL. */
312 	if (sp->fts_cur == NULL || ISSET(FTS_STOP))
313 		return (NULL);
314 
315 	/* Set current node pointer. */
316 	p = sp->fts_cur;
317 
318 	/* Save and zero out user instructions. */
319 	instr = p->fts_instr;
320 	p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
321 
322 	/* Any type of file may be re-visited; re-stat and re-turn. */
323 	if (instr == FTS_AGAIN) {
324 		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0, -1);
325 		return (p);
326 	}
327 
328 	/*
329 	 * Following a symlink -- SLNONE test allows application to see
330 	 * SLNONE and recover.  If indirecting through a symlink, have
331 	 * keep a pointer to current location.  If unable to get that
332 	 * pointer, follow fails.
333 	 */
334 	if (instr == FTS_FOLLOW &&
335 	    (p->fts_info == FTS_SL || p->fts_info == FTS_SLNONE)) {
336 		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 1, -1);
337 		if (p->fts_info == FTS_D && !ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
338 			if ((p->fts_symfd = _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC,
339 			    0)) < 0) {
340 				p->fts_errno = errno;
341 				p->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
342 			} else
343 				p->fts_flags |= FTS_SYMFOLLOW;
344 		}
345 		return (p);
346 	}
347 
348 	/* Directory in pre-order. */
349 	if (p->fts_info == FTS_D) {
350 		/* If skipped or crossed mount point, do post-order visit. */
351 		if (instr == FTS_SKIP ||
352 		    (ISSET(FTS_XDEV) && p->fts_dev != sp->fts_dev)) {
353 			if (p->fts_flags & FTS_SYMFOLLOW)
354 				(void)_close(p->fts_symfd);
355 			if (sp->fts_child) {
356 				fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
357 				sp->fts_child = NULL;
358 			}
359 			p->fts_info = FTS_DP;
360 			return (p);
361 		}
362 
363 		/* Rebuild if only read the names and now traversing. */
364 		if (sp->fts_child != NULL && ISSET(FTS_NAMEONLY)) {
365 			CLR(FTS_NAMEONLY);
366 			fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
367 			sp->fts_child = NULL;
368 		}
369 
370 		/*
371 		 * Cd to the subdirectory.
372 		 *
373 		 * If have already read and now fail to chdir, whack the list
374 		 * to make the names come out right, and set the parent errno
375 		 * so the application will eventually get an error condition.
376 		 * Set the FTS_DONTCHDIR flag so that when we logically change
377 		 * directories back to the parent we don't do a chdir.
378 		 *
379 		 * If haven't read do so.  If the read fails, fts_build sets
380 		 * FTS_STOP or the fts_info field of the node.
381 		 */
382 		if (sp->fts_child != NULL) {
383 			if (fts_safe_changedir(sp, p, -1, p->fts_accpath)) {
384 				p->fts_errno = errno;
385 				p->fts_flags |= FTS_DONTCHDIR;
386 				for (p = sp->fts_child; p != NULL;
387 				    p = p->fts_link)
388 					p->fts_accpath =
389 					    p->fts_parent->fts_accpath;
390 			}
391 		} else if ((sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, BREAD)) == NULL) {
392 			if (ISSET(FTS_STOP))
393 				return (NULL);
394 			return (p);
395 		}
396 		p = sp->fts_child;
397 		sp->fts_child = NULL;
398 		goto name;
399 	}
400 
401 	/* Move to the next node on this level. */
402 next:	tmp = p;
403 	if ((p = p->fts_link) != NULL) {
404 		/*
405 		 * If reached the top, return to the original directory (or
406 		 * the root of the tree), and load the paths for the next root.
407 		 */
408 		if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL) {
409 			if (FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd)) {
410 				SET(FTS_STOP);
411 				return (NULL);
412 			}
413 			free(tmp);
414 			fts_load(sp, p);
415 			return (sp->fts_cur = p);
416 		}
417 
418 		/*
419 		 * User may have called fts_set on the node.  If skipped,
420 		 * ignore.  If followed, get a file descriptor so we can
421 		 * get back if necessary.
422 		 */
423 		if (p->fts_instr == FTS_SKIP) {
424 			free(tmp);
425 			goto next;
426 		}
427 		if (p->fts_instr == FTS_FOLLOW) {
428 			p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 1, -1);
429 			if (p->fts_info == FTS_D && !ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
430 				if ((p->fts_symfd =
431 				    _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0) {
432 					p->fts_errno = errno;
433 					p->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
434 				} else
435 					p->fts_flags |= FTS_SYMFOLLOW;
436 			}
437 			p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
438 		}
439 
440 		free(tmp);
441 
442 name:		t = sp->fts_path + NAPPEND(p->fts_parent);
443 		*t++ = '/';
444 		memmove(t, p->fts_name, p->fts_namelen + 1);
445 		return (sp->fts_cur = p);
446 	}
447 
448 	/* Move up to the parent node. */
449 	p = tmp->fts_parent;
450 
451 	if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTPARENTLEVEL) {
452 		/*
453 		 * Done; free everything up and set errno to 0 so the user
454 		 * can distinguish between error and EOF.
455 		 */
456 		free(tmp);
457 		free(p);
458 		errno = 0;
459 		return (sp->fts_cur = NULL);
460 	}
461 
462 	/* NUL terminate the pathname. */
463 	sp->fts_path[p->fts_pathlen] = '\0';
464 
465 	/*
466 	 * Return to the parent directory.  If at a root node or came through
467 	 * a symlink, go back through the file descriptor.  Otherwise, cd up
468 	 * one directory.
469 	 */
470 	if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL) {
471 		if (FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd)) {
472 			SET(FTS_STOP);
473 			return (NULL);
474 		}
475 	} else if (p->fts_flags & FTS_SYMFOLLOW) {
476 		if (FCHDIR(sp, p->fts_symfd)) {
477 			saved_errno = errno;
478 			(void)_close(p->fts_symfd);
479 			errno = saved_errno;
480 			SET(FTS_STOP);
481 			return (NULL);
482 		}
483 		(void)_close(p->fts_symfd);
484 	} else if (!(p->fts_flags & FTS_DONTCHDIR) &&
485 	    fts_safe_changedir(sp, p->fts_parent, -1, "..")) {
486 		SET(FTS_STOP);
487 		return (NULL);
488 	}
489 	free(tmp);
490 	p->fts_info = p->fts_errno ? FTS_ERR : FTS_DP;
491 	return (sp->fts_cur = p);
492 }
493 
494 /*
495  * Fts_set takes the stream as an argument although it's not used in this
496  * implementation; it would be necessary if anyone wanted to add global
497  * semantics to fts using fts_set.  An error return is allowed for similar
498  * reasons.
499  */
500 /* ARGSUSED */
501 int
502 fts_set(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p, int instr)
503 {
504 	if (instr != 0 && instr != FTS_AGAIN && instr != FTS_FOLLOW &&
505 	    instr != FTS_NOINSTR && instr != FTS_SKIP) {
506 		errno = EINVAL;
507 		return (1);
508 	}
509 	p->fts_instr = instr;
510 	return (0);
511 }
512 
513 FTSENT *
514 fts_children(FTS *sp, int instr)
515 {
516 	FTSENT *p;
517 	int fd, rc, serrno;
518 
519 	if (instr != 0 && instr != FTS_NAMEONLY) {
520 		errno = EINVAL;
521 		return (NULL);
522 	}
523 
524 	/* Set current node pointer. */
525 	p = sp->fts_cur;
526 
527 	/*
528 	 * Errno set to 0 so user can distinguish empty directory from
529 	 * an error.
530 	 */
531 	errno = 0;
532 
533 	/* Fatal errors stop here. */
534 	if (ISSET(FTS_STOP))
535 		return (NULL);
536 
537 	/* Return logical hierarchy of user's arguments. */
538 	if (p->fts_info == FTS_INIT)
539 		return (p->fts_link);
540 
541 	/*
542 	 * If not a directory being visited in pre-order, stop here.  Could
543 	 * allow FTS_DNR, assuming the user has fixed the problem, but the
544 	 * same effect is available with FTS_AGAIN.
545 	 */
546 	if (p->fts_info != FTS_D /* && p->fts_info != FTS_DNR */)
547 		return (NULL);
548 
549 	/* Free up any previous child list. */
550 	if (sp->fts_child != NULL)
551 		fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
552 
553 	if (instr == FTS_NAMEONLY) {
554 		SET(FTS_NAMEONLY);
555 		instr = BNAMES;
556 	} else
557 		instr = BCHILD;
558 
559 	/*
560 	 * If using chdir on a relative path and called BEFORE fts_read does
561 	 * its chdir to the root of a traversal, we can lose -- we need to
562 	 * chdir into the subdirectory, and we don't know where the current
563 	 * directory is, so we can't get back so that the upcoming chdir by
564 	 * fts_read will work.
565 	 */
566 	if (p->fts_level != FTS_ROOTLEVEL || p->fts_accpath[0] == '/' ||
567 	    ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
568 		return (sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, instr));
569 
570 	if ((fd = _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
571 		return (NULL);
572 	sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, instr);
573 	serrno = (sp->fts_child == NULL) ? errno : 0;
574 	rc = fchdir(fd);
575 	if (rc < 0 && serrno == 0)
576 		serrno = errno;
577 	(void)_close(fd);
578 	errno = serrno;
579 	if (rc < 0)
580 		return (NULL);
581 	return (sp->fts_child);
582 }
583 
584 #ifndef fts_get_clientptr
585 #error "fts_get_clientptr not defined"
586 #endif
587 
588 void *
589 (fts_get_clientptr)(FTS *sp)
590 {
591 
592 	return (fts_get_clientptr(sp));
593 }
594 
595 #ifndef fts_get_stream
596 #error "fts_get_stream not defined"
597 #endif
598 
599 FTS *
600 (fts_get_stream)(FTSENT *p)
601 {
602 	return (fts_get_stream(p));
603 }
604 
605 void
606 fts_set_clientptr(FTS *sp, void *clientptr)
607 {
608 
609 	sp->fts_clientptr = clientptr;
610 }
611 
612 /*
613  * This is the tricky part -- do not casually change *anything* in here.  The
614  * idea is to build the linked list of entries that are used by fts_children
615  * and fts_read.  There are lots of special cases.
616  *
617  * The real slowdown in walking the tree is the stat calls.  If FTS_NOSTAT is
618  * set and it's a physical walk (so that symbolic links can't be directories),
619  * we can do things quickly.  First, if it's a 4.4BSD file system, the type
620  * of the file is in the directory entry.  Otherwise, we assume that the number
621  * of subdirectories in a node is equal to the number of links to the parent.
622  * The former skips all stat calls.  The latter skips stat calls in any leaf
623  * directories and for any files after the subdirectories in the directory have
624  * been found, cutting the stat calls by about 2/3.
625  */
626 static FTSENT *
627 fts_build(FTS *sp, int type)
628 {
629 	struct dirent *dp;
630 	FTSENT *p, *head;
631 	FTSENT *cur, *tail;
632 	DIR *dirp;
633 	void *oldaddr;
634 	char *cp;
635 	int cderrno, descend, oflag, saved_errno, nostat, doadjust;
636 	long level;
637 	long nlinks;	/* has to be signed because -1 is a magic value */
638 	size_t dnamlen, len, maxlen, nitems;
639 
640 	/* Set current node pointer. */
641 	cur = sp->fts_cur;
642 
643 	/*
644 	 * Open the directory for reading.  If this fails, we're done.
645 	 * If being called from fts_read, set the fts_info field.
646 	 */
647 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
648 	if (ISSET(FTS_WHITEOUT))
649 		oflag = DTF_NODUP | DTF_REWIND;
650 	else
651 		oflag = DTF_HIDEW | DTF_NODUP | DTF_REWIND;
652 #else
653 #define __opendir2(path, flag) opendir(path)
654 #endif
655 	if ((dirp = __opendir2(cur->fts_accpath, oflag)) == NULL) {
656 		if (type == BREAD) {
657 			cur->fts_info = FTS_DNR;
658 			cur->fts_errno = errno;
659 		}
660 		return (NULL);
661 	}
662 
663 	/*
664 	 * Nlinks is the number of possible entries of type directory in the
665 	 * directory if we're cheating on stat calls, 0 if we're not doing
666 	 * any stat calls at all, -1 if we're doing stats on everything.
667 	 */
668 	if (type == BNAMES) {
669 		nlinks = 0;
670 		/* Be quiet about nostat, GCC. */
671 		nostat = 0;
672 	} else if (ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) && ISSET(FTS_PHYSICAL)) {
673 		if (fts_ufslinks(sp, cur))
674 			nlinks = cur->fts_nlink - (ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT) ? 0 : 2);
675 		else
676 			nlinks = -1;
677 		nostat = 1;
678 	} else {
679 		nlinks = -1;
680 		nostat = 0;
681 	}
682 
683 #ifdef notdef
684 	(void)printf("nlinks == %d (cur: %d)\n", nlinks, cur->fts_nlink);
685 	(void)printf("NOSTAT %d PHYSICAL %d SEEDOT %d\n",
686 	    ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT), ISSET(FTS_PHYSICAL), ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT));
687 #endif
688 	/*
689 	 * If we're going to need to stat anything or we want to descend
690 	 * and stay in the directory, chdir.  If this fails we keep going,
691 	 * but set a flag so we don't chdir after the post-order visit.
692 	 * We won't be able to stat anything, but we can still return the
693 	 * names themselves.  Note, that since fts_read won't be able to
694 	 * chdir into the directory, it will have to return different path
695 	 * names than before, i.e. "a/b" instead of "b".  Since the node
696 	 * has already been visited in pre-order, have to wait until the
697 	 * post-order visit to return the error.  There is a special case
698 	 * here, if there was nothing to stat then it's not an error to
699 	 * not be able to stat.  This is all fairly nasty.  If a program
700 	 * needed sorted entries or stat information, they had better be
701 	 * checking FTS_NS on the returned nodes.
702 	 */
703 	cderrno = 0;
704 	if (nlinks || type == BREAD) {
705 		if (fts_safe_changedir(sp, cur, _dirfd(dirp), NULL)) {
706 			if (nlinks && type == BREAD)
707 				cur->fts_errno = errno;
708 			cur->fts_flags |= FTS_DONTCHDIR;
709 			descend = 0;
710 			cderrno = errno;
711 		} else
712 			descend = 1;
713 	} else
714 		descend = 0;
715 
716 	/*
717 	 * Figure out the max file name length that can be stored in the
718 	 * current path -- the inner loop allocates more path as necessary.
719 	 * We really wouldn't have to do the maxlen calculations here, we
720 	 * could do them in fts_read before returning the path, but it's a
721 	 * lot easier here since the length is part of the dirent structure.
722 	 *
723 	 * If not changing directories set a pointer so that can just append
724 	 * each new name into the path.
725 	 */
726 	len = NAPPEND(cur);
727 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
728 		cp = sp->fts_path + len;
729 		*cp++ = '/';
730 	} else {
731 		/* GCC, you're too verbose. */
732 		cp = NULL;
733 	}
734 	len++;
735 	maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - len;
736 
737 	level = cur->fts_level + 1;
738 
739 	/* Read the directory, attaching each entry to the `link' pointer. */
740 	doadjust = 0;
741 	for (head = tail = NULL, nitems = 0; dirp && (dp = readdir(dirp));) {
742 		dnamlen = dp->d_namlen;
743 		if (!ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT) && ISDOT(dp->d_name))
744 			continue;
745 
746 		if ((p = fts_alloc(sp, dp->d_name, dnamlen)) == NULL)
747 			goto mem1;
748 		if (dnamlen >= maxlen) {	/* include space for NUL */
749 			oldaddr = sp->fts_path;
750 			if (fts_palloc(sp, dnamlen + len + 1)) {
751 				/*
752 				 * No more memory for path or structures.  Save
753 				 * errno, free up the current structure and the
754 				 * structures already allocated.
755 				 */
756 mem1:				saved_errno = errno;
757 				if (p)
758 					free(p);
759 				fts_lfree(head);
760 				(void)closedir(dirp);
761 				cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
762 				SET(FTS_STOP);
763 				errno = saved_errno;
764 				return (NULL);
765 			}
766 			/* Did realloc() change the pointer? */
767 			if (oldaddr != sp->fts_path) {
768 				doadjust = 1;
769 				if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
770 					cp = sp->fts_path + len;
771 			}
772 			maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - len;
773 		}
774 
775 		p->fts_level = level;
776 		p->fts_parent = sp->fts_cur;
777 		p->fts_pathlen = len + dnamlen;
778 
779 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
780 		if (dp->d_type == DT_WHT)
781 			p->fts_flags |= FTS_ISW;
782 #endif
783 
784 		if (cderrno) {
785 			if (nlinks) {
786 				p->fts_info = FTS_NS;
787 				p->fts_errno = cderrno;
788 			} else
789 				p->fts_info = FTS_NSOK;
790 			p->fts_accpath = cur->fts_accpath;
791 		} else if (nlinks == 0
792 #ifdef DT_DIR
793 		    || (nostat &&
794 		    dp->d_type != DT_DIR && dp->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
795 #endif
796 		    ) {
797 			p->fts_accpath =
798 			    ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) ? p->fts_path : p->fts_name;
799 			p->fts_info = FTS_NSOK;
800 		} else {
801 			/* Build a file name for fts_stat to stat. */
802 			if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
803 				p->fts_accpath = p->fts_path;
804 				memmove(cp, p->fts_name, p->fts_namelen + 1);
805 				p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0, _dirfd(dirp));
806 			} else {
807 				p->fts_accpath = p->fts_name;
808 				p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0, -1);
809 			}
810 
811 			/* Decrement link count if applicable. */
812 			if (nlinks > 0 && (p->fts_info == FTS_D ||
813 			    p->fts_info == FTS_DC || p->fts_info == FTS_DOT))
814 				--nlinks;
815 		}
816 
817 		/* We walk in directory order so "ls -f" doesn't get upset. */
818 		p->fts_link = NULL;
819 		if (head == NULL)
820 			head = tail = p;
821 		else {
822 			tail->fts_link = p;
823 			tail = p;
824 		}
825 		++nitems;
826 	}
827 	if (dirp)
828 		(void)closedir(dirp);
829 
830 	/*
831 	 * If realloc() changed the address of the path, adjust the
832 	 * addresses for the rest of the tree and the dir list.
833 	 */
834 	if (doadjust)
835 		fts_padjust(sp, head);
836 
837 	/*
838 	 * If not changing directories, reset the path back to original
839 	 * state.
840 	 */
841 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
842 		sp->fts_path[cur->fts_pathlen] = '\0';
843 
844 	/*
845 	 * If descended after called from fts_children or after called from
846 	 * fts_read and nothing found, get back.  At the root level we use
847 	 * the saved fd; if one of fts_open()'s arguments is a relative path
848 	 * to an empty directory, we wind up here with no other way back.  If
849 	 * can't get back, we're done.
850 	 */
851 	if (descend && (type == BCHILD || !nitems) &&
852 	    (cur->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL ?
853 	    FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd) :
854 	    fts_safe_changedir(sp, cur->fts_parent, -1, ".."))) {
855 		fts_lfree(head);
856 		cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
857 		SET(FTS_STOP);
858 		return (NULL);
859 	}
860 
861 	/* If didn't find anything, return NULL. */
862 	if (!nitems) {
863 		if (type == BREAD)
864 			cur->fts_info = FTS_DP;
865 		return (NULL);
866 	}
867 
868 	/* Sort the entries. */
869 	if (sp->fts_compar && nitems > 1)
870 		head = fts_sort(sp, head, nitems);
871 	return (head);
872 }
873 
874 static int
875 fts_stat(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p, int follow, int dfd)
876 {
877 	FTSENT *t;
878 	dev_t dev;
879 	ino_t ino;
880 	struct stat *sbp, sb;
881 	int saved_errno;
882 	const char *path;
883 
884 	if (dfd == -1)
885 		path = p->fts_accpath, dfd = AT_FDCWD;
886 	else
887 		path = p->fts_name;
888 
889 	/* If user needs stat info, stat buffer already allocated. */
890 	sbp = ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) ? &sb : p->fts_statp;
891 
892 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
893 	/* Check for whiteout. */
894 	if (p->fts_flags & FTS_ISW) {
895 		if (sbp != &sb) {
896 			memset(sbp, '\0', sizeof(*sbp));
897 			sbp->st_mode = S_IFWHT;
898 		}
899 		return (FTS_W);
900 	}
901 #endif
902 
903 	/*
904 	 * If doing a logical walk, or application requested FTS_FOLLOW, do
905 	 * a stat(2).  If that fails, check for a non-existent symlink.  If
906 	 * fail, set the errno from the stat call.
907 	 */
908 	if (ISSET(FTS_LOGICAL) || follow) {
909 		if (fstatat(dfd, path, sbp, 0)) {
910 			saved_errno = errno;
911 			if (fstatat(dfd, path, sbp, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) {
912 				p->fts_errno = saved_errno;
913 				goto err;
914 			}
915 			errno = 0;
916 			if (S_ISLNK(sbp->st_mode))
917 				return (FTS_SLNONE);
918 		}
919 	} else if (fstatat(dfd, path, sbp, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) {
920 		p->fts_errno = errno;
921 err:		memset(sbp, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
922 		return (FTS_NS);
923 	}
924 
925 	if (S_ISDIR(sbp->st_mode)) {
926 		/*
927 		 * Set the device/inode.  Used to find cycles and check for
928 		 * crossing mount points.  Also remember the link count, used
929 		 * in fts_build to limit the number of stat calls.  It is
930 		 * understood that these fields are only referenced if fts_info
931 		 * is set to FTS_D.
932 		 */
933 		dev = p->fts_dev = sbp->st_dev;
934 		ino = p->fts_ino = sbp->st_ino;
935 		p->fts_nlink = sbp->st_nlink;
936 
937 		if (ISDOT(p->fts_name))
938 			return (FTS_DOT);
939 
940 		/*
941 		 * Cycle detection is done by brute force when the directory
942 		 * is first encountered.  If the tree gets deep enough or the
943 		 * number of symbolic links to directories is high enough,
944 		 * something faster might be worthwhile.
945 		 */
946 		for (t = p->fts_parent;
947 		    t->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL; t = t->fts_parent)
948 			if (ino == t->fts_ino && dev == t->fts_dev) {
949 				p->fts_cycle = t;
950 				return (FTS_DC);
951 			}
952 		return (FTS_D);
953 	}
954 	if (S_ISLNK(sbp->st_mode))
955 		return (FTS_SL);
956 	if (S_ISREG(sbp->st_mode))
957 		return (FTS_F);
958 	return (FTS_DEFAULT);
959 }
960 
961 /*
962  * The comparison function takes pointers to pointers to FTSENT structures.
963  * Qsort wants a comparison function that takes pointers to void.
964  * (Both with appropriate levels of const-poisoning, of course!)
965  * Use a trampoline function to deal with the difference.
966  */
967 static int
968 fts_compar(const void *a, const void *b)
969 {
970 	FTS *parent;
971 
972 	parent = (*(const FTSENT * const *)a)->fts_fts;
973 	return (*parent->fts_compar)(a, b);
974 }
975 
976 static FTSENT *
977 fts_sort(FTS *sp, FTSENT *head, size_t nitems)
978 {
979 	FTSENT **ap, *p;
980 
981 	/*
982 	 * Construct an array of pointers to the structures and call qsort(3).
983 	 * Reassemble the array in the order returned by qsort.  If unable to
984 	 * sort for memory reasons, return the directory entries in their
985 	 * current order.  Allocate enough space for the current needs plus
986 	 * 40 so don't realloc one entry at a time.
987 	 */
988 	if (nitems > sp->fts_nitems) {
989 		sp->fts_nitems = nitems + 40;
990 		if ((sp->fts_array = reallocf(sp->fts_array,
991 		    sp->fts_nitems * sizeof(FTSENT *))) == NULL) {
992 			sp->fts_nitems = 0;
993 			return (head);
994 		}
995 	}
996 	for (ap = sp->fts_array, p = head; p; p = p->fts_link)
997 		*ap++ = p;
998 	qsort(sp->fts_array, nitems, sizeof(FTSENT *), fts_compar);
999 	for (head = *(ap = sp->fts_array); --nitems; ++ap)
1000 		ap[0]->fts_link = ap[1];
1001 	ap[0]->fts_link = NULL;
1002 	return (head);
1003 }
1004 
1005 static FTSENT *
1006 fts_alloc(FTS *sp, char *name, size_t namelen)
1007 {
1008 	FTSENT *p;
1009 	size_t len;
1010 
1011 	struct ftsent_withstat {
1012 		FTSENT	ent;
1013 		struct	stat statbuf;
1014 	};
1015 
1016 	/*
1017 	 * The file name is a variable length array and no stat structure is
1018 	 * necessary if the user has set the nostat bit.  Allocate the FTSENT
1019 	 * structure, the file name and the stat structure in one chunk, but
1020 	 * be careful that the stat structure is reasonably aligned.
1021 	 */
1022 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT))
1023 		len = sizeof(FTSENT) + namelen + 1;
1024 	else
1025 		len = sizeof(struct ftsent_withstat) + namelen + 1;
1026 
1027 	if ((p = malloc(len)) == NULL)
1028 		return (NULL);
1029 
1030 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT)) {
1031 		p->fts_name = (char *)(p + 1);
1032 		p->fts_statp = NULL;
1033 	} else {
1034 		p->fts_name = (char *)((struct ftsent_withstat *)p + 1);
1035 		p->fts_statp = &((struct ftsent_withstat *)p)->statbuf;
1036 	}
1037 
1038 	/* Copy the name and guarantee NUL termination. */
1039 	memcpy(p->fts_name, name, namelen);
1040 	p->fts_name[namelen] = '\0';
1041 	p->fts_namelen = namelen;
1042 	p->fts_path = sp->fts_path;
1043 	p->fts_errno = 0;
1044 	p->fts_flags = 0;
1045 	p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
1046 	p->fts_number = 0;
1047 	p->fts_pointer = NULL;
1048 	p->fts_fts = sp;
1049 	return (p);
1050 }
1051 
1052 static void
1053 fts_lfree(FTSENT *head)
1054 {
1055 	FTSENT *p;
1056 
1057 	/* Free a linked list of structures. */
1058 	while ((p = head)) {
1059 		head = head->fts_link;
1060 		free(p);
1061 	}
1062 }
1063 
1064 /*
1065  * Allow essentially unlimited paths; find, rm, ls should all work on any tree.
1066  * Most systems will allow creation of paths much longer than MAXPATHLEN, even
1067  * though the kernel won't resolve them.  Add the size (not just what's needed)
1068  * plus 256 bytes so don't realloc the path 2 bytes at a time.
1069  */
1070 static int
1071 fts_palloc(FTS *sp, size_t more)
1072 {
1073 
1074 	sp->fts_pathlen += more + 256;
1075 	sp->fts_path = reallocf(sp->fts_path, sp->fts_pathlen);
1076 	return (sp->fts_path == NULL);
1077 }
1078 
1079 /*
1080  * When the path is realloc'd, have to fix all of the pointers in structures
1081  * already returned.
1082  */
1083 static void
1084 fts_padjust(FTS *sp, FTSENT *head)
1085 {
1086 	FTSENT *p;
1087 	char *addr = sp->fts_path;
1088 
1089 #define	ADJUST(p) do {							\
1090 	if ((p)->fts_accpath != (p)->fts_name) {			\
1091 		(p)->fts_accpath =					\
1092 		    (char *)addr + ((p)->fts_accpath - (p)->fts_path);	\
1093 	}								\
1094 	(p)->fts_path = addr;						\
1095 } while (0)
1096 	/* Adjust the current set of children. */
1097 	for (p = sp->fts_child; p; p = p->fts_link)
1098 		ADJUST(p);
1099 
1100 	/* Adjust the rest of the tree, including the current level. */
1101 	for (p = head; p->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL;) {
1102 		ADJUST(p);
1103 		p = p->fts_link ? p->fts_link : p->fts_parent;
1104 	}
1105 }
1106 
1107 static size_t
1108 fts_maxarglen(char * const *argv)
1109 {
1110 	size_t len, max;
1111 
1112 	for (max = 0; *argv; ++argv)
1113 		if ((len = strlen(*argv)) > max)
1114 			max = len;
1115 	return (max + 1);
1116 }
1117 
1118 /*
1119  * Change to dir specified by fd or p->fts_accpath without getting
1120  * tricked by someone changing the world out from underneath us.
1121  * Assumes p->fts_dev and p->fts_ino are filled in.
1122  */
1123 static int
1124 fts_safe_changedir(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p, int fd, char *path)
1125 {
1126 	int ret, oerrno, newfd;
1127 	struct stat sb;
1128 
1129 	newfd = fd;
1130 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
1131 		return (0);
1132 	if (fd < 0 && (newfd = _open(path, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY |
1133 	    O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
1134 		return (-1);
1135 	if (_fstat(newfd, &sb)) {
1136 		ret = -1;
1137 		goto bail;
1138 	}
1139 	if (p->fts_dev != sb.st_dev || p->fts_ino != sb.st_ino) {
1140 		errno = ENOENT;		/* disinformation */
1141 		ret = -1;
1142 		goto bail;
1143 	}
1144 	ret = fchdir(newfd);
1145 bail:
1146 	oerrno = errno;
1147 	if (fd < 0)
1148 		(void)_close(newfd);
1149 	errno = oerrno;
1150 	return (ret);
1151 }
1152 
1153 /*
1154  * Check if the filesystem for "ent" has UFS-style links.
1155  */
1156 static int
1157 fts_ufslinks(FTS *sp, const FTSENT *ent)
1158 {
1159 	struct _fts_private *priv;
1160 	const char **cpp;
1161 
1162 	priv = (struct _fts_private *)sp;
1163 	/*
1164 	 * If this node's device is different from the previous, grab
1165 	 * the filesystem information, and decide on the reliability
1166 	 * of the link information from this filesystem for stat(2)
1167 	 * avoidance.
1168 	 */
1169 	if (priv->ftsp_dev != ent->fts_dev) {
1170 		if (statfs(ent->fts_path, &priv->ftsp_statfs) != -1) {
1171 			priv->ftsp_dev = ent->fts_dev;
1172 			priv->ftsp_linksreliable = 0;
1173 			for (cpp = ufslike_filesystems; *cpp; cpp++) {
1174 				if (strcmp(priv->ftsp_statfs.f_fstypename,
1175 				    *cpp) == 0) {
1176 					priv->ftsp_linksreliable = 1;
1177 					break;
1178 				}
1179 			}
1180 		} else {
1181 			priv->ftsp_linksreliable = 0;
1182 		}
1183 	}
1184 	return (priv->ftsp_linksreliable);
1185 }
1186