xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/fts.c (revision 7899f917b1c0ea178f1d2be0cfb452086d079d23)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * $OpenBSD: fts.c,v 1.22 1999/10/03 19:22:22 millert Exp $
32  */
33 
34 #include "namespace.h"
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/mount.h>
37 #include <sys/stat.h>
38 
39 #include <dirent.h>
40 #include <errno.h>
41 #include <fcntl.h>
42 #include <fts.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 #include <unistd.h>
46 #include "un-namespace.h"
47 
48 #include "gen-private.h"
49 
50 static FTSENT	*fts_alloc(FTS *, char *, size_t);
51 static FTSENT	*fts_build(FTS *, int);
52 static void	 fts_lfree(FTSENT *);
53 static void	 fts_load(FTS *, FTSENT *);
54 static size_t	 fts_maxarglen(char * const *);
55 static void	 fts_padjust(FTS *, FTSENT *);
56 static int	 fts_palloc(FTS *, size_t);
57 static FTSENT	*fts_sort(FTS *, FTSENT *, size_t);
58 static int	 fts_stat(FTS *, FTSENT *, int, int);
59 static int	 fts_safe_changedir(FTS *, FTSENT *, int, char *);
60 static int	 fts_ufslinks(FTS *, const FTSENT *);
61 
62 #define	ISDOT(a)	(a[0] == '.' && (!a[1] || (a[1] == '.' && !a[2])))
63 
64 #define	CLR(opt)	(sp->fts_options &= ~(opt))
65 #define	ISSET(opt)	(sp->fts_options & (opt))
66 #define	SET(opt)	(sp->fts_options |= (opt))
67 
68 #define	FCHDIR(sp, fd)	(!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) && fchdir(fd))
69 
70 /* fts_build flags */
71 #define	BCHILD		1		/* fts_children */
72 #define	BNAMES		2		/* fts_children, names only */
73 #define	BREAD		3		/* fts_read */
74 
75 /*
76  * Internal representation of an FTS, including extra implementation
77  * details.  The FTS returned from fts_open points to this structure's
78  * ftsp_fts member (and can be cast to an _fts_private as required)
79  */
80 struct _fts_private {
81 	FTS		ftsp_fts;
82 	struct statfs	ftsp_statfs;
83 	dev_t		ftsp_dev;
84 	int		ftsp_linksreliable;
85 };
86 
87 /*
88  * The "FTS_NOSTAT" option can avoid a lot of calls to stat(2) if it
89  * knows that a directory could not possibly have subdirectories.  This
90  * is decided by looking at the link count: a subdirectory would
91  * increment its parent's link count by virtue of its own ".." entry.
92  * This assumption only holds for UFS-like filesystems that implement
93  * links and directories this way, so we must punt for others.
94  */
95 
96 static const char *ufslike_filesystems[] = {
97 	"ufs",
98 	"zfs",
99 	"nfs",
100 	"ext2fs",
101 	0
102 };
103 
104 FTS *
105 fts_open(char * const *argv, int options,
106     int (*compar)(const FTSENT * const *, const FTSENT * const *))
107 {
108 	struct _fts_private *priv;
109 	FTS *sp;
110 	FTSENT *p, *root;
111 	FTSENT *parent, *tmp;
112 	size_t len, nitems;
113 
114 	/* Options check. */
115 	if (options & ~FTS_OPTIONMASK) {
116 		errno = EINVAL;
117 		return (NULL);
118 	}
119 
120 	/* fts_open() requires at least one path */
121 	if (*argv == NULL) {
122 		errno = EINVAL;
123 		return (NULL);
124 	}
125 
126 	/* Allocate/initialize the stream. */
127 	if ((priv = calloc(1, sizeof(*priv))) == NULL)
128 		return (NULL);
129 	sp = &priv->ftsp_fts;
130 	sp->fts_compar = compar;
131 	sp->fts_options = options;
132 
133 	/* Logical walks turn on NOCHDIR; symbolic links are too hard. */
134 	if (ISSET(FTS_LOGICAL))
135 		SET(FTS_NOCHDIR);
136 
137 	/*
138 	 * Start out with 1K of path space, and enough, in any case,
139 	 * to hold the user's paths.
140 	 */
141 	if (fts_palloc(sp, MAX(fts_maxarglen(argv), MAXPATHLEN)))
142 		goto mem1;
143 
144 	/* Allocate/initialize root's parent. */
145 	if ((parent = fts_alloc(sp, "", 0)) == NULL)
146 		goto mem2;
147 	parent->fts_level = FTS_ROOTPARENTLEVEL;
148 
149 	/* Shush, GCC. */
150 	tmp = NULL;
151 
152 	/* Allocate/initialize root(s). */
153 	for (root = NULL, nitems = 0; *argv != NULL; ++argv, ++nitems) {
154 		len = strlen(*argv);
155 
156 		p = fts_alloc(sp, *argv, len);
157 		p->fts_level = FTS_ROOTLEVEL;
158 		p->fts_parent = parent;
159 		p->fts_accpath = p->fts_name;
160 		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, ISSET(FTS_COMFOLLOW), -1);
161 
162 		/* Command-line "." and ".." are real directories. */
163 		if (p->fts_info == FTS_DOT)
164 			p->fts_info = FTS_D;
165 
166 		/*
167 		 * If comparison routine supplied, traverse in sorted
168 		 * order; otherwise traverse in the order specified.
169 		 */
170 		if (compar) {
171 			p->fts_link = root;
172 			root = p;
173 		} else {
174 			p->fts_link = NULL;
175 			if (root == NULL)
176 				tmp = root = p;
177 			else {
178 				tmp->fts_link = p;
179 				tmp = p;
180 			}
181 		}
182 	}
183 	if (compar && nitems > 1)
184 		root = fts_sort(sp, root, nitems);
185 
186 	/*
187 	 * Allocate a dummy pointer and make fts_read think that we've just
188 	 * finished the node before the root(s); set p->fts_info to FTS_INIT
189 	 * so that everything about the "current" node is ignored.
190 	 */
191 	if ((sp->fts_cur = fts_alloc(sp, "", 0)) == NULL)
192 		goto mem3;
193 	sp->fts_cur->fts_link = root;
194 	sp->fts_cur->fts_info = FTS_INIT;
195 
196 	/*
197 	 * If using chdir(2), grab a file descriptor pointing to dot to ensure
198 	 * that we can get back here; this could be avoided for some paths,
199 	 * but almost certainly not worth the effort.  Slashes, symbolic links,
200 	 * and ".." are all fairly nasty problems.  Note, if we can't get the
201 	 * descriptor we run anyway, just more slowly.
202 	 */
203 	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) &&
204 	    (sp->fts_rfd = _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
205 		SET(FTS_NOCHDIR);
206 
207 	return (sp);
208 
209 mem3:	fts_lfree(root);
210 	free(parent);
211 mem2:	free(sp->fts_path);
212 mem1:	free(sp);
213 	return (NULL);
214 }
215 
216 static void
217 fts_load(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p)
218 {
219 	size_t len;
220 	char *cp;
221 
222 	/*
223 	 * Load the stream structure for the next traversal.  Since we don't
224 	 * actually enter the directory until after the preorder visit, set
225 	 * the fts_accpath field specially so the chdir gets done to the right
226 	 * place and the user can access the first node.  From fts_open it's
227 	 * known that the path will fit.
228 	 */
229 	len = p->fts_pathlen = p->fts_namelen;
230 	memmove(sp->fts_path, p->fts_name, len + 1);
231 	if ((cp = strrchr(p->fts_name, '/')) && (cp != p->fts_name || cp[1])) {
232 		len = strlen(++cp);
233 		memmove(p->fts_name, cp, len + 1);
234 		p->fts_namelen = len;
235 	}
236 	p->fts_accpath = p->fts_path = sp->fts_path;
237 	sp->fts_dev = p->fts_dev;
238 }
239 
240 int
241 fts_close(FTS *sp)
242 {
243 	FTSENT *freep, *p;
244 	int saved_errno;
245 
246 	/*
247 	 * This still works if we haven't read anything -- the dummy structure
248 	 * points to the root list, so we step through to the end of the root
249 	 * list which has a valid parent pointer.
250 	 */
251 	if (sp->fts_cur) {
252 		for (p = sp->fts_cur; p->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL;) {
253 			freep = p;
254 			p = p->fts_link != NULL ? p->fts_link : p->fts_parent;
255 			free(freep);
256 		}
257 		free(p);
258 	}
259 
260 	/* Free up child linked list, sort array, path buffer. */
261 	if (sp->fts_child)
262 		fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
263 	if (sp->fts_array)
264 		free(sp->fts_array);
265 	free(sp->fts_path);
266 
267 	/* Return to original directory, save errno if necessary. */
268 	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
269 		saved_errno = fchdir(sp->fts_rfd) ? errno : 0;
270 		(void)_close(sp->fts_rfd);
271 
272 		/* Set errno and return. */
273 		if (saved_errno != 0) {
274 			/* Free up the stream pointer. */
275 			free(sp);
276 			errno = saved_errno;
277 			return (-1);
278 		}
279 	}
280 
281 	/* Free up the stream pointer. */
282 	free(sp);
283 	return (0);
284 }
285 
286 /*
287  * Special case of "/" at the end of the path so that slashes aren't
288  * appended which would cause paths to be written as "....//foo".
289  */
290 #define	NAPPEND(p)							\
291 	(p->fts_path[p->fts_pathlen - 1] == '/'				\
292 	    ? p->fts_pathlen - 1 : p->fts_pathlen)
293 
294 FTSENT *
295 fts_read(FTS *sp)
296 {
297 	FTSENT *p, *tmp;
298 	int instr;
299 	char *t;
300 	int saved_errno;
301 
302 	/* If finished or unrecoverable error, return NULL. */
303 	if (sp->fts_cur == NULL || ISSET(FTS_STOP))
304 		return (NULL);
305 
306 	/* Set current node pointer. */
307 	p = sp->fts_cur;
308 
309 	/* Save and zero out user instructions. */
310 	instr = p->fts_instr;
311 	p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
312 
313 	/* Any type of file may be re-visited; re-stat and re-turn. */
314 	if (instr == FTS_AGAIN) {
315 		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0, -1);
316 		return (p);
317 	}
318 
319 	/*
320 	 * Following a symlink -- SLNONE test allows application to see
321 	 * SLNONE and recover.  If indirecting through a symlink, have
322 	 * keep a pointer to current location.  If unable to get that
323 	 * pointer, follow fails.
324 	 */
325 	if (instr == FTS_FOLLOW &&
326 	    (p->fts_info == FTS_SL || p->fts_info == FTS_SLNONE)) {
327 		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 1, -1);
328 		if (p->fts_info == FTS_D && !ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
329 			if ((p->fts_symfd = _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC,
330 			    0)) < 0) {
331 				p->fts_errno = errno;
332 				p->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
333 			} else
334 				p->fts_flags |= FTS_SYMFOLLOW;
335 		}
336 		return (p);
337 	}
338 
339 	/* Directory in pre-order. */
340 	if (p->fts_info == FTS_D) {
341 		/* If skipped or crossed mount point, do post-order visit. */
342 		if (instr == FTS_SKIP ||
343 		    (ISSET(FTS_XDEV) && p->fts_dev != sp->fts_dev)) {
344 			if (p->fts_flags & FTS_SYMFOLLOW)
345 				(void)_close(p->fts_symfd);
346 			if (sp->fts_child) {
347 				fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
348 				sp->fts_child = NULL;
349 			}
350 			p->fts_info = FTS_DP;
351 			return (p);
352 		}
353 
354 		/* Rebuild if only read the names and now traversing. */
355 		if (sp->fts_child != NULL && ISSET(FTS_NAMEONLY)) {
356 			CLR(FTS_NAMEONLY);
357 			fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
358 			sp->fts_child = NULL;
359 		}
360 
361 		/*
362 		 * Cd to the subdirectory.
363 		 *
364 		 * If have already read and now fail to chdir, whack the list
365 		 * to make the names come out right, and set the parent errno
366 		 * so the application will eventually get an error condition.
367 		 * Set the FTS_DONTCHDIR flag so that when we logically change
368 		 * directories back to the parent we don't do a chdir.
369 		 *
370 		 * If haven't read do so.  If the read fails, fts_build sets
371 		 * FTS_STOP or the fts_info field of the node.
372 		 */
373 		if (sp->fts_child != NULL) {
374 			if (fts_safe_changedir(sp, p, -1, p->fts_accpath)) {
375 				p->fts_errno = errno;
376 				p->fts_flags |= FTS_DONTCHDIR;
377 				for (p = sp->fts_child; p != NULL;
378 				    p = p->fts_link)
379 					p->fts_accpath =
380 					    p->fts_parent->fts_accpath;
381 			}
382 		} else if ((sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, BREAD)) == NULL) {
383 			if (ISSET(FTS_STOP))
384 				return (NULL);
385 			return (p);
386 		}
387 		p = sp->fts_child;
388 		sp->fts_child = NULL;
389 		goto name;
390 	}
391 
392 	/* Move to the next node on this level. */
393 next:	tmp = p;
394 	if ((p = p->fts_link) != NULL) {
395 		/*
396 		 * If reached the top, return to the original directory (or
397 		 * the root of the tree), and load the paths for the next root.
398 		 */
399 		if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL) {
400 			if (FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd)) {
401 				SET(FTS_STOP);
402 				return (NULL);
403 			}
404 			free(tmp);
405 			fts_load(sp, p);
406 			return (sp->fts_cur = p);
407 		}
408 
409 		/*
410 		 * User may have called fts_set on the node.  If skipped,
411 		 * ignore.  If followed, get a file descriptor so we can
412 		 * get back if necessary.
413 		 */
414 		if (p->fts_instr == FTS_SKIP) {
415 			free(tmp);
416 			goto next;
417 		}
418 		if (p->fts_instr == FTS_FOLLOW) {
419 			p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 1, -1);
420 			if (p->fts_info == FTS_D && !ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
421 				if ((p->fts_symfd =
422 				    _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0) {
423 					p->fts_errno = errno;
424 					p->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
425 				} else
426 					p->fts_flags |= FTS_SYMFOLLOW;
427 			}
428 			p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
429 		}
430 
431 		free(tmp);
432 
433 name:		t = sp->fts_path + NAPPEND(p->fts_parent);
434 		*t++ = '/';
435 		memmove(t, p->fts_name, p->fts_namelen + 1);
436 		return (sp->fts_cur = p);
437 	}
438 
439 	/* Move up to the parent node. */
440 	p = tmp->fts_parent;
441 
442 	if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTPARENTLEVEL) {
443 		/*
444 		 * Done; free everything up and set errno to 0 so the user
445 		 * can distinguish between error and EOF.
446 		 */
447 		free(tmp);
448 		free(p);
449 		errno = 0;
450 		return (sp->fts_cur = NULL);
451 	}
452 
453 	/* NUL terminate the pathname. */
454 	sp->fts_path[p->fts_pathlen] = '\0';
455 
456 	/*
457 	 * Return to the parent directory.  If at a root node or came through
458 	 * a symlink, go back through the file descriptor.  Otherwise, cd up
459 	 * one directory.
460 	 */
461 	if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL) {
462 		if (FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd)) {
463 			SET(FTS_STOP);
464 			return (NULL);
465 		}
466 	} else if (p->fts_flags & FTS_SYMFOLLOW) {
467 		if (FCHDIR(sp, p->fts_symfd)) {
468 			saved_errno = errno;
469 			(void)_close(p->fts_symfd);
470 			errno = saved_errno;
471 			SET(FTS_STOP);
472 			return (NULL);
473 		}
474 		(void)_close(p->fts_symfd);
475 	} else if (!(p->fts_flags & FTS_DONTCHDIR) &&
476 	    fts_safe_changedir(sp, p->fts_parent, -1, "..")) {
477 		SET(FTS_STOP);
478 		return (NULL);
479 	}
480 	free(tmp);
481 	p->fts_info = p->fts_errno ? FTS_ERR : FTS_DP;
482 	return (sp->fts_cur = p);
483 }
484 
485 /*
486  * Fts_set takes the stream as an argument although it's not used in this
487  * implementation; it would be necessary if anyone wanted to add global
488  * semantics to fts using fts_set.  An error return is allowed for similar
489  * reasons.
490  */
491 /* ARGSUSED */
492 int
493 fts_set(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p, int instr)
494 {
495 	if (instr != 0 && instr != FTS_AGAIN && instr != FTS_FOLLOW &&
496 	    instr != FTS_NOINSTR && instr != FTS_SKIP) {
497 		errno = EINVAL;
498 		return (1);
499 	}
500 	p->fts_instr = instr;
501 	return (0);
502 }
503 
504 FTSENT *
505 fts_children(FTS *sp, int instr)
506 {
507 	FTSENT *p;
508 	int fd, rc, serrno;
509 
510 	if (instr != 0 && instr != FTS_NAMEONLY) {
511 		errno = EINVAL;
512 		return (NULL);
513 	}
514 
515 	/* Set current node pointer. */
516 	p = sp->fts_cur;
517 
518 	/*
519 	 * Errno set to 0 so user can distinguish empty directory from
520 	 * an error.
521 	 */
522 	errno = 0;
523 
524 	/* Fatal errors stop here. */
525 	if (ISSET(FTS_STOP))
526 		return (NULL);
527 
528 	/* Return logical hierarchy of user's arguments. */
529 	if (p->fts_info == FTS_INIT)
530 		return (p->fts_link);
531 
532 	/*
533 	 * If not a directory being visited in pre-order, stop here.  Could
534 	 * allow FTS_DNR, assuming the user has fixed the problem, but the
535 	 * same effect is available with FTS_AGAIN.
536 	 */
537 	if (p->fts_info != FTS_D /* && p->fts_info != FTS_DNR */)
538 		return (NULL);
539 
540 	/* Free up any previous child list. */
541 	if (sp->fts_child != NULL)
542 		fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
543 
544 	if (instr == FTS_NAMEONLY) {
545 		SET(FTS_NAMEONLY);
546 		instr = BNAMES;
547 	} else
548 		instr = BCHILD;
549 
550 	/*
551 	 * If using chdir on a relative path and called BEFORE fts_read does
552 	 * its chdir to the root of a traversal, we can lose -- we need to
553 	 * chdir into the subdirectory, and we don't know where the current
554 	 * directory is, so we can't get back so that the upcoming chdir by
555 	 * fts_read will work.
556 	 */
557 	if (p->fts_level != FTS_ROOTLEVEL || p->fts_accpath[0] == '/' ||
558 	    ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
559 		return (sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, instr));
560 
561 	if ((fd = _open(".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
562 		return (NULL);
563 	sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, instr);
564 	serrno = (sp->fts_child == NULL) ? errno : 0;
565 	rc = fchdir(fd);
566 	if (rc < 0 && serrno == 0)
567 		serrno = errno;
568 	(void)_close(fd);
569 	errno = serrno;
570 	if (rc < 0)
571 		return (NULL);
572 	return (sp->fts_child);
573 }
574 
575 #ifndef fts_get_clientptr
576 #error "fts_get_clientptr not defined"
577 #endif
578 
579 void *
580 (fts_get_clientptr)(FTS *sp)
581 {
582 
583 	return (fts_get_clientptr(sp));
584 }
585 
586 #ifndef fts_get_stream
587 #error "fts_get_stream not defined"
588 #endif
589 
590 FTS *
591 (fts_get_stream)(FTSENT *p)
592 {
593 	return (fts_get_stream(p));
594 }
595 
596 void
597 fts_set_clientptr(FTS *sp, void *clientptr)
598 {
599 
600 	sp->fts_clientptr = clientptr;
601 }
602 
603 static struct dirent *
604 fts_safe_readdir(DIR *dirp, int *readdir_errno)
605 {
606 	struct dirent *ret;
607 
608 	errno = 0;
609 	if (!dirp)
610 		return (NULL);
611 	ret = readdir(dirp);
612 	*readdir_errno = errno;
613 	return (ret);
614 }
615 
616 /*
617  * This is the tricky part -- do not casually change *anything* in here.  The
618  * idea is to build the linked list of entries that are used by fts_children
619  * and fts_read.  There are lots of special cases.
620  *
621  * The real slowdown in walking the tree is the stat calls.  If FTS_NOSTAT is
622  * set and it's a physical walk (so that symbolic links can't be directories),
623  * we can do things quickly.  First, if it's a 4.4BSD file system, the type
624  * of the file is in the directory entry.  Otherwise, we assume that the number
625  * of subdirectories in a node is equal to the number of links to the parent.
626  * The former skips all stat calls.  The latter skips stat calls in any leaf
627  * directories and for any files after the subdirectories in the directory have
628  * been found, cutting the stat calls by about 2/3.
629  */
630 static FTSENT *
631 fts_build(FTS *sp, int type)
632 {
633 	struct dirent *dp;
634 	FTSENT *p, *head;
635 	FTSENT *cur, *tail;
636 	DIR *dirp;
637 	void *oldaddr;
638 	char *cp;
639 	int cderrno, descend, oflag, saved_errno, nostat, doadjust,
640 	    readdir_errno;
641 	long level;
642 	long nlinks;	/* has to be signed because -1 is a magic value */
643 	size_t dnamlen, len, maxlen, nitems;
644 
645 	/* Set current node pointer. */
646 	cur = sp->fts_cur;
647 
648 	/*
649 	 * Open the directory for reading.  If this fails, we're done.
650 	 * If being called from fts_read, set the fts_info field.
651 	 */
652 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
653 	if (ISSET(FTS_WHITEOUT))
654 		oflag = DTF_NODUP;
655 	else
656 		oflag = DTF_HIDEW | DTF_NODUP;
657 #else
658 #define __opendir2(path, flag) opendir(path)
659 #endif
660 	if ((dirp = __opendir2(cur->fts_accpath, oflag)) == NULL) {
661 		if (type == BREAD) {
662 			cur->fts_info = FTS_DNR;
663 			cur->fts_errno = errno;
664 		}
665 		return (NULL);
666 	}
667 
668 	/*
669 	 * Nlinks is the number of possible entries of type directory in the
670 	 * directory if we're cheating on stat calls, 0 if we're not doing
671 	 * any stat calls at all, -1 if we're doing stats on everything.
672 	 */
673 	if (type == BNAMES) {
674 		nlinks = 0;
675 		/* Be quiet about nostat, GCC. */
676 		nostat = 0;
677 	} else if (ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) && ISSET(FTS_PHYSICAL)) {
678 		if (fts_ufslinks(sp, cur))
679 			nlinks = cur->fts_nlink - (ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT) ? 0 : 2);
680 		else
681 			nlinks = -1;
682 		nostat = 1;
683 	} else {
684 		nlinks = -1;
685 		nostat = 0;
686 	}
687 
688 #ifdef notdef
689 	(void)printf("nlinks == %d (cur: %d)\n", nlinks, cur->fts_nlink);
690 	(void)printf("NOSTAT %d PHYSICAL %d SEEDOT %d\n",
691 	    ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT), ISSET(FTS_PHYSICAL), ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT));
692 #endif
693 	/*
694 	 * If we're going to need to stat anything or we want to descend
695 	 * and stay in the directory, chdir.  If this fails we keep going,
696 	 * but set a flag so we don't chdir after the post-order visit.
697 	 * We won't be able to stat anything, but we can still return the
698 	 * names themselves.  Note, that since fts_read won't be able to
699 	 * chdir into the directory, it will have to return different path
700 	 * names than before, i.e. "a/b" instead of "b".  Since the node
701 	 * has already been visited in pre-order, have to wait until the
702 	 * post-order visit to return the error.  There is a special case
703 	 * here, if there was nothing to stat then it's not an error to
704 	 * not be able to stat.  This is all fairly nasty.  If a program
705 	 * needed sorted entries or stat information, they had better be
706 	 * checking FTS_NS on the returned nodes.
707 	 */
708 	cderrno = 0;
709 	if (nlinks || type == BREAD) {
710 		if (fts_safe_changedir(sp, cur, _dirfd(dirp), NULL)) {
711 			if (nlinks && type == BREAD)
712 				cur->fts_errno = errno;
713 			cur->fts_flags |= FTS_DONTCHDIR;
714 			descend = 0;
715 			cderrno = errno;
716 		} else
717 			descend = 1;
718 	} else
719 		descend = 0;
720 
721 	/*
722 	 * Figure out the max file name length that can be stored in the
723 	 * current path -- the inner loop allocates more path as necessary.
724 	 * We really wouldn't have to do the maxlen calculations here, we
725 	 * could do them in fts_read before returning the path, but it's a
726 	 * lot easier here since the length is part of the dirent structure.
727 	 *
728 	 * If not changing directories set a pointer so that can just append
729 	 * each new name into the path.
730 	 */
731 	len = NAPPEND(cur);
732 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
733 		cp = sp->fts_path + len;
734 		*cp++ = '/';
735 	} else {
736 		/* GCC, you're too verbose. */
737 		cp = NULL;
738 	}
739 	len++;
740 	maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - len;
741 
742 	level = cur->fts_level + 1;
743 
744 	/* Read the directory, attaching each entry to the `link' pointer. */
745 	doadjust = 0;
746 	readdir_errno = 0;
747 	for (head = tail = NULL, nitems = 0;
748 	    (dp = fts_safe_readdir(dirp, &readdir_errno));) {
749 		dnamlen = dp->d_namlen;
750 		if (!ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT) && ISDOT(dp->d_name))
751 			continue;
752 
753 		if ((p = fts_alloc(sp, dp->d_name, dnamlen)) == NULL)
754 			goto mem1;
755 		if (dnamlen >= maxlen) {	/* include space for NUL */
756 			oldaddr = sp->fts_path;
757 			if (fts_palloc(sp, dnamlen + len + 1)) {
758 				/*
759 				 * No more memory for path or structures.  Save
760 				 * errno, free up the current structure and the
761 				 * structures already allocated.
762 				 */
763 mem1:				saved_errno = errno;
764 				if (p)
765 					free(p);
766 				fts_lfree(head);
767 				(void)closedir(dirp);
768 				cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
769 				SET(FTS_STOP);
770 				errno = saved_errno;
771 				return (NULL);
772 			}
773 			/* Did realloc() change the pointer? */
774 			if (oldaddr != sp->fts_path) {
775 				doadjust = 1;
776 				if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
777 					cp = sp->fts_path + len;
778 			}
779 			maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - len;
780 		}
781 
782 		p->fts_level = level;
783 		p->fts_parent = sp->fts_cur;
784 		p->fts_pathlen = len + dnamlen;
785 
786 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
787 		if (dp->d_type == DT_WHT)
788 			p->fts_flags |= FTS_ISW;
789 #endif
790 
791 		if (cderrno) {
792 			if (nlinks) {
793 				p->fts_info = FTS_NS;
794 				p->fts_errno = cderrno;
795 			} else
796 				p->fts_info = FTS_NSOK;
797 			p->fts_accpath = cur->fts_accpath;
798 		} else if (nlinks == 0
799 #ifdef DT_DIR
800 		    || (nostat &&
801 		    dp->d_type != DT_DIR && dp->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
802 #endif
803 		    ) {
804 			p->fts_accpath =
805 			    ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) ? p->fts_path : p->fts_name;
806 			p->fts_info = FTS_NSOK;
807 		} else {
808 			/* Build a file name for fts_stat to stat. */
809 			if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
810 				p->fts_accpath = p->fts_path;
811 				memmove(cp, p->fts_name, p->fts_namelen + 1);
812 				p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0, _dirfd(dirp));
813 			} else {
814 				p->fts_accpath = p->fts_name;
815 				p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0, -1);
816 			}
817 
818 			/* Decrement link count if applicable. */
819 			if (nlinks > 0 && (p->fts_info == FTS_D ||
820 			    p->fts_info == FTS_DC || p->fts_info == FTS_DOT))
821 				--nlinks;
822 		}
823 
824 		/* We walk in directory order so "ls -f" doesn't get upset. */
825 		p->fts_link = NULL;
826 		if (head == NULL)
827 			head = tail = p;
828 		else {
829 			tail->fts_link = p;
830 			tail = p;
831 		}
832 		++nitems;
833 	}
834 
835 	if (readdir_errno) {
836 		cur->fts_errno = readdir_errno;
837 		/*
838 		 * If we've not read any items yet, treat
839 		 * the error as if we can't access the dir.
840 		 */
841 		cur->fts_info = nitems ? FTS_ERR : FTS_DNR;
842 	}
843 
844 	if (dirp)
845 		(void)closedir(dirp);
846 
847 	/*
848 	 * If realloc() changed the address of the path, adjust the
849 	 * addresses for the rest of the tree and the dir list.
850 	 */
851 	if (doadjust)
852 		fts_padjust(sp, head);
853 
854 	/*
855 	 * If not changing directories, reset the path back to original
856 	 * state.
857 	 */
858 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
859 		sp->fts_path[cur->fts_pathlen] = '\0';
860 
861 	/*
862 	 * If descended after called from fts_children or after called from
863 	 * fts_read and nothing found, get back.  At the root level we use
864 	 * the saved fd; if one of fts_open()'s arguments is a relative path
865 	 * to an empty directory, we wind up here with no other way back.  If
866 	 * can't get back, we're done.
867 	 */
868 	if (descend && (type == BCHILD || !nitems) &&
869 	    (cur->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL ?
870 	    FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd) :
871 	    fts_safe_changedir(sp, cur->fts_parent, -1, ".."))) {
872 		fts_lfree(head);
873 		cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
874 		SET(FTS_STOP);
875 		return (NULL);
876 	}
877 
878 	/* If didn't find anything, return NULL. */
879 	if (!nitems) {
880 		if (type == BREAD &&
881 		    cur->fts_info != FTS_DNR && cur->fts_info != FTS_ERR)
882 			cur->fts_info = FTS_DP;
883 		return (NULL);
884 	}
885 
886 	/* Sort the entries. */
887 	if (sp->fts_compar && nitems > 1)
888 		head = fts_sort(sp, head, nitems);
889 	return (head);
890 }
891 
892 static int
893 fts_stat(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p, int follow, int dfd)
894 {
895 	FTSENT *t;
896 	dev_t dev;
897 	ino_t ino;
898 	struct stat *sbp, sb;
899 	int saved_errno;
900 	const char *path;
901 
902 	if (dfd == -1)
903 		path = p->fts_accpath, dfd = AT_FDCWD;
904 	else
905 		path = p->fts_name;
906 
907 	/* If user needs stat info, stat buffer already allocated. */
908 	sbp = ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) ? &sb : p->fts_statp;
909 
910 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
911 	/* Check for whiteout. */
912 	if (p->fts_flags & FTS_ISW) {
913 		if (sbp != &sb) {
914 			memset(sbp, '\0', sizeof(*sbp));
915 			sbp->st_mode = S_IFWHT;
916 		}
917 		return (FTS_W);
918 	}
919 #endif
920 
921 	/*
922 	 * If doing a logical walk, or application requested FTS_FOLLOW, do
923 	 * a stat(2).  If that fails, check for a non-existent symlink.  If
924 	 * fail, set the errno from the stat call.
925 	 */
926 	if (ISSET(FTS_LOGICAL) || follow) {
927 		if (fstatat(dfd, path, sbp, 0)) {
928 			saved_errno = errno;
929 			if (fstatat(dfd, path, sbp, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) {
930 				p->fts_errno = saved_errno;
931 				goto err;
932 			}
933 			errno = 0;
934 			if (S_ISLNK(sbp->st_mode))
935 				return (FTS_SLNONE);
936 		}
937 	} else if (fstatat(dfd, path, sbp, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) {
938 		p->fts_errno = errno;
939 err:		memset(sbp, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
940 		return (FTS_NS);
941 	}
942 
943 	if (S_ISDIR(sbp->st_mode)) {
944 		/*
945 		 * Set the device/inode.  Used to find cycles and check for
946 		 * crossing mount points.  Also remember the link count, used
947 		 * in fts_build to limit the number of stat calls.  It is
948 		 * understood that these fields are only referenced if fts_info
949 		 * is set to FTS_D.
950 		 */
951 		dev = p->fts_dev = sbp->st_dev;
952 		ino = p->fts_ino = sbp->st_ino;
953 		p->fts_nlink = sbp->st_nlink;
954 
955 		if (ISDOT(p->fts_name))
956 			return (FTS_DOT);
957 
958 		/*
959 		 * Cycle detection is done by brute force when the directory
960 		 * is first encountered.  If the tree gets deep enough or the
961 		 * number of symbolic links to directories is high enough,
962 		 * something faster might be worthwhile.
963 		 */
964 		for (t = p->fts_parent;
965 		    t->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL; t = t->fts_parent)
966 			if (ino == t->fts_ino && dev == t->fts_dev) {
967 				p->fts_cycle = t;
968 				return (FTS_DC);
969 			}
970 		return (FTS_D);
971 	}
972 	if (S_ISLNK(sbp->st_mode))
973 		return (FTS_SL);
974 	if (S_ISREG(sbp->st_mode))
975 		return (FTS_F);
976 	return (FTS_DEFAULT);
977 }
978 
979 /*
980  * The comparison function takes pointers to pointers to FTSENT structures.
981  * Qsort wants a comparison function that takes pointers to void.
982  * (Both with appropriate levels of const-poisoning, of course!)
983  * Use a trampoline function to deal with the difference.
984  */
985 static int
986 fts_compar(const void *a, const void *b)
987 {
988 	FTS *parent;
989 
990 	parent = (*(const FTSENT * const *)a)->fts_fts;
991 	return (*parent->fts_compar)(a, b);
992 }
993 
994 static FTSENT *
995 fts_sort(FTS *sp, FTSENT *head, size_t nitems)
996 {
997 	FTSENT **ap, *p;
998 
999 	/*
1000 	 * Construct an array of pointers to the structures and call qsort(3).
1001 	 * Reassemble the array in the order returned by qsort.  If unable to
1002 	 * sort for memory reasons, return the directory entries in their
1003 	 * current order.  Allocate enough space for the current needs plus
1004 	 * 40 so don't realloc one entry at a time.
1005 	 */
1006 	if (nitems > sp->fts_nitems) {
1007 		sp->fts_nitems = nitems + 40;
1008 		if ((sp->fts_array = reallocf(sp->fts_array,
1009 		    sp->fts_nitems * sizeof(FTSENT *))) == NULL) {
1010 			sp->fts_nitems = 0;
1011 			return (head);
1012 		}
1013 	}
1014 	for (ap = sp->fts_array, p = head; p; p = p->fts_link)
1015 		*ap++ = p;
1016 	qsort(sp->fts_array, nitems, sizeof(FTSENT *), fts_compar);
1017 	for (head = *(ap = sp->fts_array); --nitems; ++ap)
1018 		ap[0]->fts_link = ap[1];
1019 	ap[0]->fts_link = NULL;
1020 	return (head);
1021 }
1022 
1023 static FTSENT *
1024 fts_alloc(FTS *sp, char *name, size_t namelen)
1025 {
1026 	FTSENT *p;
1027 	size_t len;
1028 
1029 	struct ftsent_withstat {
1030 		FTSENT	ent;
1031 		struct	stat statbuf;
1032 	};
1033 
1034 	/*
1035 	 * The file name is a variable length array and no stat structure is
1036 	 * necessary if the user has set the nostat bit.  Allocate the FTSENT
1037 	 * structure, the file name and the stat structure in one chunk, but
1038 	 * be careful that the stat structure is reasonably aligned.
1039 	 */
1040 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT))
1041 		len = sizeof(FTSENT) + namelen + 1;
1042 	else
1043 		len = sizeof(struct ftsent_withstat) + namelen + 1;
1044 
1045 	if ((p = malloc(len)) == NULL)
1046 		return (NULL);
1047 
1048 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT)) {
1049 		p->fts_name = (char *)(p + 1);
1050 		p->fts_statp = NULL;
1051 	} else {
1052 		p->fts_name = (char *)((struct ftsent_withstat *)p + 1);
1053 		p->fts_statp = &((struct ftsent_withstat *)p)->statbuf;
1054 	}
1055 
1056 	/* Copy the name and guarantee NUL termination. */
1057 	memcpy(p->fts_name, name, namelen);
1058 	p->fts_name[namelen] = '\0';
1059 	p->fts_namelen = namelen;
1060 	p->fts_path = sp->fts_path;
1061 	p->fts_errno = 0;
1062 	p->fts_flags = 0;
1063 	p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
1064 	p->fts_number = 0;
1065 	p->fts_pointer = NULL;
1066 	p->fts_fts = sp;
1067 	return (p);
1068 }
1069 
1070 static void
1071 fts_lfree(FTSENT *head)
1072 {
1073 	FTSENT *p;
1074 
1075 	/* Free a linked list of structures. */
1076 	while ((p = head)) {
1077 		head = head->fts_link;
1078 		free(p);
1079 	}
1080 }
1081 
1082 /*
1083  * Allow essentially unlimited paths; find, rm, ls should all work on any tree.
1084  * Most systems will allow creation of paths much longer than MAXPATHLEN, even
1085  * though the kernel won't resolve them.  Add the size (not just what's needed)
1086  * plus 256 bytes so don't realloc the path 2 bytes at a time.
1087  */
1088 static int
1089 fts_palloc(FTS *sp, size_t more)
1090 {
1091 
1092 	sp->fts_pathlen += more + 256;
1093 	sp->fts_path = reallocf(sp->fts_path, sp->fts_pathlen);
1094 	return (sp->fts_path == NULL);
1095 }
1096 
1097 /*
1098  * When the path is realloc'd, have to fix all of the pointers in structures
1099  * already returned.
1100  */
1101 static void
1102 fts_padjust(FTS *sp, FTSENT *head)
1103 {
1104 	FTSENT *p;
1105 	char *addr = sp->fts_path;
1106 
1107 #define	ADJUST(p) do {							\
1108 	if ((p)->fts_accpath != (p)->fts_name) {			\
1109 		(p)->fts_accpath =					\
1110 		    (char *)addr + ((p)->fts_accpath - (p)->fts_path);	\
1111 	}								\
1112 	(p)->fts_path = addr;						\
1113 } while (0)
1114 	/* Adjust the current set of children. */
1115 	for (p = sp->fts_child; p; p = p->fts_link)
1116 		ADJUST(p);
1117 
1118 	/* Adjust the rest of the tree, including the current level. */
1119 	for (p = head; p->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL;) {
1120 		ADJUST(p);
1121 		p = p->fts_link ? p->fts_link : p->fts_parent;
1122 	}
1123 }
1124 
1125 static size_t
1126 fts_maxarglen(char * const *argv)
1127 {
1128 	size_t len, max;
1129 
1130 	for (max = 0; *argv; ++argv)
1131 		if ((len = strlen(*argv)) > max)
1132 			max = len;
1133 	return (max + 1);
1134 }
1135 
1136 /*
1137  * Change to dir specified by fd or p->fts_accpath without getting
1138  * tricked by someone changing the world out from underneath us.
1139  * Assumes p->fts_dev and p->fts_ino are filled in.
1140  */
1141 static int
1142 fts_safe_changedir(FTS *sp, FTSENT *p, int fd, char *path)
1143 {
1144 	int ret, oerrno, newfd;
1145 	struct stat sb;
1146 
1147 	newfd = fd;
1148 	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
1149 		return (0);
1150 	if (fd < 0 && (newfd = _open(path, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY |
1151 	    O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
1152 		return (-1);
1153 	if (_fstat(newfd, &sb)) {
1154 		ret = -1;
1155 		goto bail;
1156 	}
1157 	if (p->fts_dev != sb.st_dev || p->fts_ino != sb.st_ino) {
1158 		errno = ENOENT;		/* disinformation */
1159 		ret = -1;
1160 		goto bail;
1161 	}
1162 	ret = fchdir(newfd);
1163 bail:
1164 	oerrno = errno;
1165 	if (fd < 0)
1166 		(void)_close(newfd);
1167 	errno = oerrno;
1168 	return (ret);
1169 }
1170 
1171 /*
1172  * Check if the filesystem for "ent" has UFS-style links.
1173  */
1174 static int
1175 fts_ufslinks(FTS *sp, const FTSENT *ent)
1176 {
1177 	struct _fts_private *priv;
1178 	const char **cpp;
1179 
1180 	priv = (struct _fts_private *)sp;
1181 	/*
1182 	 * If this node's device is different from the previous, grab
1183 	 * the filesystem information, and decide on the reliability
1184 	 * of the link information from this filesystem for stat(2)
1185 	 * avoidance.
1186 	 */
1187 	if (priv->ftsp_dev != ent->fts_dev) {
1188 		if (statfs(ent->fts_path, &priv->ftsp_statfs) != -1) {
1189 			priv->ftsp_dev = ent->fts_dev;
1190 			priv->ftsp_linksreliable = 0;
1191 			for (cpp = ufslike_filesystems; *cpp; cpp++) {
1192 				if (strcmp(priv->ftsp_statfs.f_fstypename,
1193 				    *cpp) == 0) {
1194 					priv->ftsp_linksreliable = 1;
1195 					break;
1196 				}
1197 			}
1198 		} else {
1199 			priv->ftsp_linksreliable = 0;
1200 		}
1201 	}
1202 	return (priv->ftsp_linksreliable);
1203 }
1204