xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/gen/dladdr.3 (revision 3c6e15bceeab4470243c60c9a4b5b9cafca9abaa)
1.\"
2.\" Copyright (c) 1998 John D. Polstra
3.\" All rights reserved.
4.\"
5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7.\" are met:
8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13.\"
14.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
25.\"
26.\" $FreeBSD$
27.\"
28.Dd February 5, 1998
29.Os
30.Dt DLADDR 3
31.Sh NAME
32.Nm dladdr
33.Nd find the shared object containing a given address
34.Sh LIBRARY
35.Lb libc
36.Sh SYNOPSIS
37.In dlfcn.h
38.Ft int
39.Fn dladdr "const void *addr" "Dl_info *info"
40.Sh DESCRIPTION
41The
42.Fn dladdr
43function
44queries the dynamic linker for information about the shared object
45containing the address
46.Fa addr .
47The information is returned in the structure specified by
48.Fa info .
49The structure contains at least the following members:
50.Bl -tag -width "XXXconst char *dli_fname"
51.It Li "const char *dli_fname"
52The pathname of the shared object containing the address.
53.It Li "void *dli_fbase"
54The base address at which the shared object is mapped into the
55address space of the calling process.
56.It Li "const char *dli_sname"
57The name of the nearest run-time symbol with a value less than or
58equal to
59.Fa addr .
60When possible, the symbol name is returned as it would appear in C
61source code.
62.Pp
63If no symbol with a suitable value is found, both this field and
64.Va dli_saddr
65are set to
66.Dv NULL .
67.It Li "void *dli_saddr"
68The value of the symbol returned in
69.Li dli_sname .
70.El
71.Pp
72The
73.Fn dladdr
74function
75is available only in dynamically linked programs.
76.Sh ERRORS
77If a mapped shared object containing
78.Fa addr
79cannot be found,
80.Fn dladdr
81returns 0.
82In that case, a message detailing the failure can be retrieved by
83calling
84.Fn dlerror .
85.Pp
86On success, a non-zero value is returned.
87.Sh SEE ALSO
88.Xr rtld 1 ,
89.Xr dlopen 3
90.Sh HISTORY
91The
92.Fn dladdr
93function first appeared in the Solaris operating system.
94.Sh BUGS
95This implementation is bug-compatible with the Solaris
96implementation.
97In particular, the following bugs are present:
98.Bl -bullet
99.It
100If
101.Fa addr
102lies in the main executable rather than in a shared library, the
103pathname returned in
104.Va dli_fname
105may not be correct.
106The pathname is taken directly from
107.Va argv[0]
108of the calling process.
109When executing a program specified by its
110full pathname, most shells set
111.Va argv[0]
112to the pathname.
113But this is not required of shells or guaranteed
114by the operating system.
115.It
116If
117.Fa addr
118is of the form
119.Va &func ,
120where
121.Va func
122is a global function, its value may be an unpleasant surprise.
123In
124dynamically linked programs, the address of a global function is
125considered to point to its program linkage table entry, rather than to
126the entry point of the function itself.
127This causes most global
128functions to appear to be defined within the main executable, rather
129than in the shared libraries where the actual code resides.
130.It
131Returning 0 as an indication of failure goes against long-standing
132Unix tradition.
133.El
134