xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssl/doc/man3/EVP_MAC.pod (revision 2e3507c25e42292b45a5482e116d278f5515d04d)
1=pod
2
3=head1 NAME
4
5EVP_MAC, EVP_MAC_fetch, EVP_MAC_up_ref, EVP_MAC_free, EVP_MAC_is_a,
6EVP_MAC_get0_name, EVP_MAC_names_do_all, EVP_MAC_get0_description,
7EVP_MAC_get0_provider, EVP_MAC_get_params, EVP_MAC_gettable_params,
8EVP_MAC_CTX, EVP_MAC_CTX_new, EVP_MAC_CTX_free, EVP_MAC_CTX_dup,
9EVP_MAC_CTX_get0_mac, EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params, EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params,
10EVP_MAC_CTX_get_mac_size, EVP_MAC_CTX_get_block_size, EVP_Q_mac,
11EVP_MAC_init, EVP_MAC_update, EVP_MAC_final, EVP_MAC_finalXOF,
12EVP_MAC_gettable_ctx_params, EVP_MAC_settable_ctx_params,
13EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params, EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params,
14EVP_MAC_do_all_provided - EVP MAC routines
15
16=head1 SYNOPSIS
17
18 #include <openssl/evp.h>
19
20 typedef struct evp_mac_st EVP_MAC;
21 typedef struct evp_mac_ctx_st EVP_MAC_CTX;
22
23 EVP_MAC *EVP_MAC_fetch(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *algorithm,
24                        const char *properties);
25 int EVP_MAC_up_ref(EVP_MAC *mac);
26 void EVP_MAC_free(EVP_MAC *mac);
27 int EVP_MAC_is_a(const EVP_MAC *mac, const char *name);
28 const char *EVP_MAC_get0_name(const EVP_MAC *mac);
29 int EVP_MAC_names_do_all(const EVP_MAC *mac,
30                          void (*fn)(const char *name, void *data),
31                          void *data);
32 const char *EVP_MAC_get0_description(const EVP_MAC *mac);
33 const OSSL_PROVIDER *EVP_MAC_get0_provider(const EVP_MAC *mac);
34 int EVP_MAC_get_params(EVP_MAC *mac, OSSL_PARAM params[]);
35
36 EVP_MAC_CTX *EVP_MAC_CTX_new(EVP_MAC *mac);
37 void EVP_MAC_CTX_free(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
38 EVP_MAC_CTX *EVP_MAC_CTX_dup(const EVP_MAC_CTX *src);
39 EVP_MAC *EVP_MAC_CTX_get0_mac(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
40 int EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, OSSL_PARAM params[]);
41 int EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, const OSSL_PARAM params[]);
42
43 size_t EVP_MAC_CTX_get_mac_size(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
44 size_t EVP_MAC_CTX_get_block_size(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
45 unsigned char *EVP_Q_mac(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *name, const char *propq,
46                          const char *subalg, const OSSL_PARAM *params,
47                          const void *key, size_t keylen,
48                          const unsigned char *data, size_t datalen,
49                          unsigned char *out, size_t outsize, size_t *outlen);
50 int EVP_MAC_init(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, const unsigned char *key, size_t keylen,
51                  const OSSL_PARAM params[]);
52 int EVP_MAC_update(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, const unsigned char *data, size_t datalen);
53 int EVP_MAC_final(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx,
54                   unsigned char *out, size_t *outl, size_t outsize);
55 int EVP_MAC_finalXOF(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out, size_t outsize);
56
57 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_gettable_params(const EVP_MAC *mac);
58 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_gettable_ctx_params(const EVP_MAC *mac);
59 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_settable_ctx_params(const EVP_MAC *mac);
60 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
61 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
62
63 void EVP_MAC_do_all_provided(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
64                              void (*fn)(EVP_MAC *mac, void *arg),
65                              void *arg);
66
67=head1 DESCRIPTION
68
69These types and functions help the application to calculate MACs of
70different types and with different underlying algorithms if there are
71any.
72
73MACs are a bit complex insofar that some of them use other algorithms
74for actual computation.  HMAC uses a digest, and CMAC uses a cipher.
75Therefore, there are sometimes two contexts to keep track of, one for
76the MAC algorithm itself and one for the underlying computation
77algorithm if there is one.
78
79To make things less ambiguous, this manual talks about a "context" or
80"MAC context", which is to denote the MAC level context, and about a
81"underlying context", or "computation context", which is to denote the
82context for the underlying computation algorithm if there is one.
83
84=head2 Types
85
86B<EVP_MAC> is a type that holds the implementation of a MAC.
87
88B<EVP_MAC_CTX> is a context type that holds internal MAC information
89as well as a reference to a computation context, for those MACs that
90rely on an underlying computation algorithm.
91
92=head2 Algorithm implementation fetching
93
94EVP_MAC_fetch() fetches an implementation of a MAC I<algorithm>, given
95a library context I<libctx> and a set of I<properties>.
96See L<crypto(7)/ALGORITHM FETCHING> for further information.
97
98See L<OSSL_PROVIDER-default(7)/Message Authentication Code (MAC)> for the list
99of algorithms supported by the default provider.
100
101The returned value must eventually be freed with
102L<EVP_MAC_free(3)>.
103
104EVP_MAC_up_ref() increments the reference count of an already fetched
105MAC.
106
107EVP_MAC_free() frees a fetched algorithm.
108NULL is a valid parameter, for which this function is a no-op.
109
110=head2 Context manipulation functions
111
112EVP_MAC_CTX_new() creates a new context for the MAC type I<mac>.
113The created context can then be used with most other functions
114described here.
115
116EVP_MAC_CTX_free() frees the contents of the context, including an
117underlying context if there is one, as well as the context itself.
118NULL is a valid parameter, for which this function is a no-op.
119
120EVP_MAC_CTX_dup() duplicates the I<src> context and returns a newly allocated
121context.
122
123EVP_MAC_CTX_get0_mac() returns the B<EVP_MAC> associated with the context
124I<ctx>.
125
126=head2 Computing functions
127
128EVP_Q_mac() computes the message authentication code
129of I<data> with length I<datalen>
130using the MAC algorithm I<name> and the key I<key> with length I<keylen>.
131The MAC algorithm is fetched using any given I<libctx> and property query
132string I<propq>. It takes parameters I<subalg> and further I<params>,
133both of which may be NULL if not needed.
134If I<out> is not NULL, it places the result in the memory pointed at by I<out>,
135but only if I<outsize> is sufficient (otherwise no computation is made).
136If I<out> is NULL, it allocates and uses a buffer of suitable length,
137which will be returned on success and must be freed by the caller.
138In either case, also on error,
139it assigns the number of bytes written to I<*outlen> unless I<outlen> is NULL.
140
141EVP_MAC_init() sets up the underlying context I<ctx> with information given
142via the I<key> and I<params> arguments.  The MAC I<key> has a length of
143I<keylen> and the parameters in I<params> are processed before setting
144the key.  If I<key> is NULL, the key must be set via I<params> either
145as part of this call or separately using EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params().
146Providing non-NULL I<params> to this function is equivalent to calling
147EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params() with those I<params> for the same I<ctx> beforehand.
148
149EVP_MAC_init() should be called before EVP_MAC_update() and EVP_MAC_final().
150
151EVP_MAC_update() adds I<datalen> bytes from I<data> to the MAC input.
152
153EVP_MAC_final() does the final computation and stores the result in
154the memory pointed at by I<out> of size I<outsize>, and sets the number
155of bytes written in I<*outl> at.
156If I<out> is NULL or I<outsize> is too small, then no computation
157is made.
158To figure out what the output length will be and allocate space for it
159dynamically, simply call with I<out> being NULL and I<outl>
160pointing at a valid location, then allocate space and make a second
161call with I<out> pointing at the allocated space.
162
163EVP_MAC_finalXOF() does the final computation for an XOF based MAC and stores
164the result in the memory pointed at by I<out> of size I<outsize>.
165
166EVP_MAC_get_params() retrieves details about the implementation
167I<mac>.
168The set of parameters given with I<params> determine exactly what
169parameters should be retrieved.
170Note that a parameter that is unknown in the underlying context is
171simply ignored.
172
173EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params() retrieves chosen parameters, given the
174context I<ctx> and its underlying context.
175The set of parameters given with I<params> determine exactly what
176parameters should be retrieved.
177Note that a parameter that is unknown in the underlying context is
178simply ignored.
179
180EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params() passes chosen parameters to the underlying
181context, given a context I<ctx>.
182The set of parameters given with I<params> determine exactly what
183parameters are passed down.
184If I<params> are NULL, the underlying context should do nothing and return 1.
185Note that a parameter that is unknown in the underlying context is
186simply ignored.
187Also, what happens when a needed parameter isn't passed down is
188defined by the implementation.
189
190EVP_MAC_gettable_params() returns an L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> array that describes
191the retrievable and settable parameters.  EVP_MAC_gettable_params()
192returns parameters that can be used with EVP_MAC_get_params().
193
194EVP_MAC_gettable_ctx_params() and EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params()
195return constant L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> arrays that describe the retrievable
196parameters that can be used with EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params().
197EVP_MAC_gettable_ctx_params() returns the parameters that can be retrieved
198from the algorithm, whereas EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params() returns
199the parameters that can be retrieved in the context's current state.
200
201EVP_MAC_settable_ctx_params() and EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params() return
202constant L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> arrays that describe the settable parameters that
203can be used with EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params().  EVP_MAC_settable_ctx_params()
204returns the parameters that can be retrieved from the algorithm,
205whereas EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params() returns the parameters that can
206be retrieved in the context's current state.
207
208=head2 Information functions
209
210EVP_MAC_CTX_get_mac_size() returns the MAC output size for the given context.
211
212EVP_MAC_CTX_get_block_size() returns the MAC block size for the given context.
213Not all MAC algorithms support this.
214
215EVP_MAC_is_a() checks if the given I<mac> is an implementation of an
216algorithm that's identifiable with I<name>.
217
218EVP_MAC_get0_provider() returns the provider that holds the implementation
219of the given I<mac>.
220
221EVP_MAC_do_all_provided() traverses all MAC implemented by all activated
222providers in the given library context I<libctx>, and for each of the
223implementations, calls the given function I<fn> with the implementation method
224and the given I<arg> as argument.
225
226EVP_MAC_get0_name() return the name of the given MAC.  For fetched MACs
227with multiple names, only one of them is returned; it's
228recommended to use EVP_MAC_names_do_all() instead.
229
230EVP_MAC_names_do_all() traverses all names for I<mac>, and calls
231I<fn> with each name and I<data>.
232
233EVP_MAC_get0_description() returns a description of the I<mac>, meant
234for display and human consumption.  The description is at the discretion
235of the mac implementation.
236
237=head1 PARAMETERS
238
239Parameters are identified by name as strings, and have an expected
240data type and maximum size.
241OpenSSL has a set of macros for parameter names it expects to see in
242its own MAC implementations.
243Here, we show all three, the OpenSSL macro for the parameter name, the
244name in string form, and a type description.
245
246The standard parameter names are:
247
248=over 4
249
250=item "key" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_KEY>) <octet string>
251
252Its value is the MAC key as an array of bytes.
253
254For MACs that use an underlying computation algorithm, the algorithm
255must be set first, see parameter names "algorithm" below.
256
257=item "iv" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_IV>) <octet string>
258
259Some MAC implementations (GMAC) require an IV, this parameter sets the IV.
260
261=item "custom" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_CUSTOM>) <octet string>
262
263Some MAC implementations (KMAC, BLAKE2) accept a Customization String,
264this parameter sets the Customization String. The default value is the
265empty string.
266
267=item "salt" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_SALT>) <octet string>
268
269This option is used by BLAKE2 MAC.
270
271=item "xof" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_XOF>) <integer>
272
273It's a simple flag, the value 0 or 1 are expected.
274
275This option is used by KMAC.
276
277=item "digest-noinit" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST_NOINIT>) <integer>
278
279A simple flag to set the MAC digest to not initialise the
280implementation specific data. The value 0 or 1 is expected.
281
282This option is used by HMAC.
283
284=item "digest-oneshot" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST_ONESHOT>) <integer>
285
286A simple flag to set the MAC digest to be a oneshot operation.
287The value 0 or 1 is expected.
288
289This option is used by HMAC.
290
291=item "properties" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_PROPERTIES>) <UTF8 string>
292
293=item "digest" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST>) <UTF8 string>
294
295=item "cipher" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_CIPHER>) <UTF8 string>
296
297For MAC implementations that use an underlying computation cipher or
298digest, these parameters set what the algorithm should be.
299
300The value is always the name of the intended algorithm,
301or the properties.
302
303Note that not all algorithms may support all digests.
304HMAC does not support variable output length digests such as SHAKE128
305or SHAKE256.
306
307=item "size" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_SIZE>) <unsigned integer>
308
309For MAC implementations that support it, set the output size that
310EVP_MAC_final() should produce.
311The allowed sizes vary between MAC implementations, but must never exceed
312what can be given with a B<size_t>.
313
314=item "tls-data-size" (B<OSSL_MAC_PARAM_TLS_DATA_SIZE>) <unsigned integer>
315
316This parameter is only supported by HMAC. If set then special handling is
317activated for calculating the MAC of a received mac-then-encrypt TLS record
318where variable length record padding has been used (as in the case of CBC mode
319ciphersuites). The value represents the total length of the record that is
320having the MAC calculated including the received MAC and the record padding.
321
322When used EVP_MAC_update must be called precisely twice. The first time with
323the 13 bytes of TLS "header" data, and the second time with the entire record
324including the MAC itself and any padding. The entire record length must equal
325the value passed in the "tls-data-size" parameter. The length passed in the
326B<datalen> parameter to EVP_MAC_update() should be equal to the length of the
327record after the MAC and any padding has been removed.
328
329=back
330
331All these parameters should be used before the calls to any of
332EVP_MAC_init(), EVP_MAC_update() and EVP_MAC_final() for a full
333computation.
334Anything else may give undefined results.
335
336=head1 NOTES
337
338The MAC life-cycle is described in L<life_cycle-mac(7)>.  In the future,
339the transitions described there will be enforced.  When this is done, it will
340not be considered a breaking change to the API.
341
342The usage of the parameter names "custom", "iv" and "salt" correspond to
343the names used in the standard where the algorithm was defined.
344
345=head1 RETURN VALUES
346
347EVP_MAC_fetch() returns a pointer to a newly fetched B<EVP_MAC>, or
348NULL if allocation failed.
349
350EVP_MAC_up_ref() returns 1 on success, 0 on error.
351
352EVP_MAC_names_do_all() returns 1 if the callback was called for all names. A
353return value of 0 means that the callback was not called for any names.
354
355EVP_MAC_free() returns nothing at all.
356
357EVP_MAC_is_a() returns 1 if the given method can be identified with
358the given name, otherwise 0.
359
360EVP_MAC_get0_name() returns a name of the MAC, or NULL on error.
361
362EVP_MAC_get0_provider() returns a pointer to the provider for the MAC, or
363NULL on error.
364
365EVP_MAC_CTX_new() and EVP_MAC_CTX_dup() return a pointer to a newly
366created EVP_MAC_CTX, or NULL if allocation failed.
367
368EVP_MAC_CTX_free() returns nothing at all.
369
370EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params() and EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params() return 1 on
371success, 0 on error.
372
373EVP_Q_mac() returns a pointer to the computed MAC value, or NULL on error.
374
375EVP_MAC_init(), EVP_MAC_update(), EVP_MAC_final(), and EVP_MAC_finalXOF()
376return 1 on success, 0 on error.
377
378EVP_MAC_CTX_get_mac_size() returns the expected output size, or 0 if it isn't
379set.  If it isn't set, a call to EVP_MAC_init() will set it.
380
381EVP_MAC_CTX_get_block_size() returns the block size, or 0 if it isn't set.
382If it isn't set, a call to EVP_MAC_init() will set it.
383
384EVP_MAC_do_all_provided() returns nothing at all.
385
386=head1 EXAMPLES
387
388  #include <stdlib.h>
389  #include <stdio.h>
390  #include <string.h>
391  #include <stdarg.h>
392  #include <unistd.h>
393
394  #include <openssl/evp.h>
395  #include <openssl/err.h>
396  #include <openssl/params.h>
397
398  int main() {
399      EVP_MAC *mac = EVP_MAC_fetch(NULL, getenv("MY_MAC"), NULL);
400      const char *cipher = getenv("MY_MAC_CIPHER");
401      const char *digest = getenv("MY_MAC_DIGEST");
402      const char *key = getenv("MY_KEY");
403      EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx = NULL;
404
405      unsigned char buf[4096];
406      size_t read_l;
407      size_t final_l;
408
409      size_t i;
410
411      OSSL_PARAM params[3];
412      size_t params_n = 0;
413
414      if (cipher != NULL)
415          params[params_n++] =
416              OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_string("cipher", (char*)cipher, 0);
417      if (digest != NULL)
418          params[params_n++] =
419              OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_string("digest", (char*)digest, 0);
420      params[params_n] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_end();
421
422      if (mac == NULL
423          || key == NULL
424          || (ctx = EVP_MAC_CTX_new(mac)) == NULL
425          || !EVP_MAC_init(ctx, (const unsigned char *)key, strlen(key),
426                           params))
427          goto err;
428
429      while ( (read_l = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
430          if (!EVP_MAC_update(ctx, buf, read_l))
431              goto err;
432      }
433
434      if (!EVP_MAC_final(ctx, buf, &final_l, sizeof(buf)))
435          goto err;
436
437      printf("Result: ");
438      for (i = 0; i < final_l; i++)
439          printf("%02X", buf[i]);
440      printf("\n");
441
442      EVP_MAC_CTX_free(ctx);
443      EVP_MAC_free(mac);
444      exit(0);
445
446   err:
447      EVP_MAC_CTX_free(ctx);
448      EVP_MAC_free(mac);
449      fprintf(stderr, "Something went wrong\n");
450      ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
451      exit (1);
452  }
453
454A run of this program, called with correct environment variables, can
455look like this:
456
457  $ MY_MAC=cmac MY_KEY=secret0123456789 MY_MAC_CIPHER=aes-128-cbc \
458    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./foo < foo.c
459  Result: C5C06683CD9DDEF904D754505C560A4E
460
461(in this example, that program was stored in F<foo.c> and compiled to
462F<./foo>)
463
464=head1 SEE ALSO
465
466L<property(7)>
467L<OSSL_PARAM(3)>,
468L<EVP_MAC-BLAKE2(7)>,
469L<EVP_MAC-CMAC(7)>,
470L<EVP_MAC-GMAC(7)>,
471L<EVP_MAC-HMAC(7)>,
472L<EVP_MAC-KMAC(7)>,
473L<EVP_MAC-Siphash(7)>,
474L<EVP_MAC-Poly1305(7)>,
475L<provider-mac(7)>,
476L<life_cycle-mac(7)>
477
478=head1 HISTORY
479
480These functions were added in OpenSSL 3.0.
481
482=head1 COPYRIGHT
483
484Copyright 2018-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
485
486Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
487this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
488in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
489L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
490
491=cut
492