xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/sshconnect.c (revision 7660b554bc59a07be0431c17e0e33815818baa69)
1 /*
2  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
3  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
4  *                    All rights reserved
5  * Code to connect to a remote host, and to perform the client side of the
6  * login (authentication) dialog.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include "includes.h"
16 RCSID("$OpenBSD: sshconnect.c,v 1.137 2002/11/21 23:03:51 deraadt Exp $");
17 
18 #include <openssl/bn.h>
19 
20 #include "ssh.h"
21 #include "xmalloc.h"
22 #include "rsa.h"
23 #include "buffer.h"
24 #include "packet.h"
25 #include "uidswap.h"
26 #include "compat.h"
27 #include "key.h"
28 #include "sshconnect.h"
29 #include "hostfile.h"
30 #include "log.h"
31 #include "readconf.h"
32 #include "atomicio.h"
33 #include "misc.h"
34 #include "readpass.h"
35 
36 char *client_version_string = NULL;
37 char *server_version_string = NULL;
38 
39 /* import */
40 extern Options options;
41 extern char *__progname;
42 extern uid_t original_real_uid;
43 extern uid_t original_effective_uid;
44 extern pid_t proxy_command_pid;
45 
46 #ifndef INET6_ADDRSTRLEN		/* for non IPv6 machines */
47 #define INET6_ADDRSTRLEN 46
48 #endif
49 
50 static int show_other_keys(const char *, Key *);
51 
52 /*
53  * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command.
54  */
55 static int
56 ssh_proxy_connect(const char *host, u_short port, const char *proxy_command)
57 {
58 	Buffer command;
59 	const char *cp;
60 	char *command_string;
61 	int pin[2], pout[2];
62 	pid_t pid;
63 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
64 
65 	/* Convert the port number into a string. */
66 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%hu", port);
67 
68 	/*
69 	 * Build the final command string in the buffer by making the
70 	 * appropriate substitutions to the given proxy command.
71 	 *
72 	 * Use "exec" to avoid "sh -c" processes on some platforms
73 	 * (e.g. Solaris)
74 	 */
75 	buffer_init(&command);
76 	buffer_append(&command, "exec ", 5);
77 
78 	for (cp = proxy_command; *cp; cp++) {
79 		if (cp[0] == '%' && cp[1] == '%') {
80 			buffer_append(&command, "%", 1);
81 			cp++;
82 			continue;
83 		}
84 		if (cp[0] == '%' && cp[1] == 'h') {
85 			buffer_append(&command, host, strlen(host));
86 			cp++;
87 			continue;
88 		}
89 		if (cp[0] == '%' && cp[1] == 'p') {
90 			buffer_append(&command, strport, strlen(strport));
91 			cp++;
92 			continue;
93 		}
94 		buffer_append(&command, cp, 1);
95 	}
96 	buffer_append(&command, "\0", 1);
97 
98 	/* Get the final command string. */
99 	command_string = buffer_ptr(&command);
100 
101 	/* Create pipes for communicating with the proxy. */
102 	if (pipe(pin) < 0 || pipe(pout) < 0)
103 		fatal("Could not create pipes to communicate with the proxy: %.100s",
104 		    strerror(errno));
105 
106 	debug("Executing proxy command: %.500s", command_string);
107 
108 	/* Fork and execute the proxy command. */
109 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
110 		char *argv[10];
111 
112 		/* Child.  Permanently give up superuser privileges. */
113 		seteuid(original_real_uid);
114 		setuid(original_real_uid);
115 
116 		/* Redirect stdin and stdout. */
117 		close(pin[1]);
118 		if (pin[0] != 0) {
119 			if (dup2(pin[0], 0) < 0)
120 				perror("dup2 stdin");
121 			close(pin[0]);
122 		}
123 		close(pout[0]);
124 		if (dup2(pout[1], 1) < 0)
125 			perror("dup2 stdout");
126 		/* Cannot be 1 because pin allocated two descriptors. */
127 		close(pout[1]);
128 
129 		/* Stderr is left as it is so that error messages get
130 		   printed on the user's terminal. */
131 		argv[0] = _PATH_BSHELL;
132 		argv[1] = "-c";
133 		argv[2] = command_string;
134 		argv[3] = NULL;
135 
136 		/* Execute the proxy command.  Note that we gave up any
137 		   extra privileges above. */
138 		execv(argv[0], argv);
139 		perror(argv[0]);
140 		exit(1);
141 	}
142 	/* Parent. */
143 	if (pid < 0)
144 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
145 	else
146 		proxy_command_pid = pid; /* save pid to clean up later */
147 
148 	/* Close child side of the descriptors. */
149 	close(pin[0]);
150 	close(pout[1]);
151 
152 	/* Free the command name. */
153 	buffer_free(&command);
154 
155 	/* Set the connection file descriptors. */
156 	packet_set_connection(pout[0], pin[1]);
157 
158 	/* Indicate OK return */
159 	return 0;
160 }
161 
162 /*
163  * Creates a (possibly privileged) socket for use as the ssh connection.
164  */
165 static int
166 ssh_create_socket(int privileged, int family)
167 {
168 	int sock, gaierr;
169 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
170 
171 	/*
172 	 * If we are running as root and want to connect to a privileged
173 	 * port, bind our own socket to a privileged port.
174 	 */
175 	if (privileged) {
176 		int p = IPPORT_RESERVED - 1;
177 		PRIV_START;
178 		sock = rresvport_af(&p, family);
179 		PRIV_END;
180 		if (sock < 0)
181 			error("rresvport: af=%d %.100s", family, strerror(errno));
182 		else
183 			debug("Allocated local port %d.", p);
184 		return sock;
185 	}
186 	sock = socket(family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
187 	if (sock < 0)
188 		error("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
189 
190 	/* Bind the socket to an alternative local IP address */
191 	if (options.bind_address == NULL)
192 		return sock;
193 
194 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
195 	hints.ai_family = family;
196 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
197 	hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
198 	gaierr = getaddrinfo(options.bind_address, "0", &hints, &res);
199 	if (gaierr) {
200 		error("getaddrinfo: %s: %s", options.bind_address,
201 		    gai_strerror(gaierr));
202 		close(sock);
203 		return -1;
204 	}
205 	if (bind(sock, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
206 		error("bind: %s: %s", options.bind_address, strerror(errno));
207 		close(sock);
208 		freeaddrinfo(res);
209 		return -1;
210 	}
211 	freeaddrinfo(res);
212 	return sock;
213 }
214 
215 /*
216  * Opens a TCP/IP connection to the remote server on the given host.
217  * The address of the remote host will be returned in hostaddr.
218  * If port is 0, the default port will be used.  If needpriv is true,
219  * a privileged port will be allocated to make the connection.
220  * This requires super-user privileges if needpriv is true.
221  * Connection_attempts specifies the maximum number of tries (one per
222  * second).  If proxy_command is non-NULL, it specifies the command (with %h
223  * and %p substituted for host and port, respectively) to use to contact
224  * the daemon.
225  * Return values:
226  *    0 for OK
227  *    ECONNREFUSED if we got a "Connection Refused" by the peer on any address
228  *    ECONNABORTED if we failed without a "Connection refused"
229  * Suitable error messages for the connection failure will already have been
230  * printed.
231  */
232 int
233 ssh_connect(const char *host, struct sockaddr_storage * hostaddr,
234     u_short port, int family, int connection_attempts,
235     int needpriv, const char *proxy_command)
236 {
237 	int gaierr;
238 	int on = 1;
239 	int sock = -1, attempt;
240 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
241 	struct addrinfo hints, *ai, *aitop;
242 	struct servent *sp;
243 	/*
244 	 * Did we get only other errors than "Connection refused" (which
245 	 * should block fallback to rsh and similar), or did we get at least
246 	 * one "Connection refused"?
247 	 */
248 	int full_failure = 1;
249 
250 	debug2("ssh_connect: needpriv %d", needpriv);
251 
252 	/* Get default port if port has not been set. */
253 	if (port == 0) {
254 		sp = getservbyname(SSH_SERVICE_NAME, "tcp");
255 		if (sp)
256 			port = ntohs(sp->s_port);
257 		else
258 			port = SSH_DEFAULT_PORT;
259 	}
260 	/* If a proxy command is given, connect using it. */
261 	if (proxy_command != NULL)
262 		return ssh_proxy_connect(host, port, proxy_command);
263 
264 	/* No proxy command. */
265 
266 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
267 	hints.ai_family = family;
268 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
269 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", port);
270 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(host, strport, &hints, &aitop)) != 0)
271 		fatal("%s: %.100s: %s", __progname, host,
272 		    gai_strerror(gaierr));
273 
274 	/*
275 	 * Try to connect several times.  On some machines, the first time
276 	 * will sometimes fail.  In general socket code appears to behave
277 	 * quite magically on many machines.
278 		 */
279 	for (attempt = 0; ;) {
280 		if (attempt > 0)
281 			debug("Trying again...");
282 
283 		/* Loop through addresses for this host, and try each one in
284 		   sequence until the connection succeeds. */
285 		for (ai = aitop; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
286 			if (ai->ai_family != AF_INET && ai->ai_family != AF_INET6)
287 				continue;
288 			if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen,
289 			    ntop, sizeof(ntop), strport, sizeof(strport),
290 			    NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV) != 0) {
291 				error("ssh_connect: getnameinfo failed");
292 				continue;
293 			}
294 			debug("Connecting to %.200s [%.100s] port %s.",
295 				host, ntop, strport);
296 
297 			/* Create a socket for connecting. */
298 			sock = ssh_create_socket(needpriv, ai->ai_family);
299 			if (sock < 0)
300 				/* Any error is already output */
301 				continue;
302 
303 			if (connect(sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) >= 0) {
304 				/* Successful connection. */
305 				memcpy(hostaddr, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
306 				break;
307 			} else {
308 				if (errno == ECONNREFUSED)
309 					full_failure = 0;
310 				debug("connect to address %s port %s: %s",
311 				    ntop, strport, strerror(errno));
312 				/*
313 				 * Close the failed socket; there appear to
314 				 * be some problems when reusing a socket for
315 				 * which connect() has already returned an
316 				 * error.
317 				 */
318 				close(sock);
319 			}
320 		}
321 		if (ai)
322 			break;	/* Successful connection. */
323 
324 		attempt++;
325 		if (attempt >= connection_attempts)
326 			break;
327 		/* Sleep a moment before retrying. */
328 		sleep(1);
329 	}
330 
331 	freeaddrinfo(aitop);
332 
333 	/* Return failure if we didn't get a successful connection. */
334 	if (attempt >= connection_attempts) {
335 		log("ssh: connect to host %s port %s: %s",
336 		    host, strport, strerror(errno));
337 		return full_failure ? ECONNABORTED : ECONNREFUSED;
338 	}
339 
340 	debug("Connection established.");
341 
342 	/* Set keepalives if requested. */
343 	if (options.keepalives &&
344 	    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&on,
345 	    sizeof(on)) < 0)
346 		error("setsockopt SO_KEEPALIVE: %.100s", strerror(errno));
347 
348 	/* Set the connection. */
349 	packet_set_connection(sock, sock);
350 
351 	return 0;
352 }
353 
354 /*
355  * Waits for the server identification string, and sends our own
356  * identification string.
357  */
358 static void
359 ssh_exchange_identification(void)
360 {
361 	char buf[256], remote_version[256];	/* must be same size! */
362 	int remote_major, remote_minor, i, mismatch;
363 	int connection_in = packet_get_connection_in();
364 	int connection_out = packet_get_connection_out();
365 	int minor1 = PROTOCOL_MINOR_1;
366 
367 	/* Read other side\'s version identification. */
368 	for (;;) {
369 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++) {
370 			int len = atomicio(read, connection_in, &buf[i], 1);
371 			if (len < 0)
372 				fatal("ssh_exchange_identification: read: %.100s", strerror(errno));
373 			if (len != 1)
374 				fatal("ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host");
375 			if (buf[i] == '\r') {
376 				buf[i] = '\n';
377 				buf[i + 1] = 0;
378 				continue;		/**XXX wait for \n */
379 			}
380 			if (buf[i] == '\n') {
381 				buf[i + 1] = 0;
382 				break;
383 			}
384 		}
385 		buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
386 		if (strncmp(buf, "SSH-", 4) == 0)
387 			break;
388 		debug("ssh_exchange_identification: %s", buf);
389 	}
390 	server_version_string = xstrdup(buf);
391 
392 	/*
393 	 * Check that the versions match.  In future this might accept
394 	 * several versions and set appropriate flags to handle them.
395 	 */
396 	if (sscanf(server_version_string, "SSH-%d.%d-%[^\n]\n",
397 	    &remote_major, &remote_minor, remote_version) != 3)
398 		fatal("Bad remote protocol version identification: '%.100s'", buf);
399 	debug("Remote protocol version %d.%d, remote software version %.100s",
400 	    remote_major, remote_minor, remote_version);
401 
402 	compat_datafellows(remote_version);
403 	mismatch = 0;
404 
405 	switch (remote_major) {
406 	case 1:
407 		if (remote_minor == 99 &&
408 		    (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2) &&
409 		    !(options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1_PREFERRED)) {
410 			enable_compat20();
411 			break;
412 		}
413 		if (!(options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1)) {
414 			mismatch = 1;
415 			break;
416 		}
417 		if (remote_minor < 3) {
418 			fatal("Remote machine has too old SSH software version.");
419 		} else if (remote_minor == 3 || remote_minor == 4) {
420 			/* We speak 1.3, too. */
421 			enable_compat13();
422 			minor1 = 3;
423 			if (options.forward_agent) {
424 				log("Agent forwarding disabled for protocol 1.3");
425 				options.forward_agent = 0;
426 			}
427 		}
428 		break;
429 	case 2:
430 		if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2) {
431 			enable_compat20();
432 			break;
433 		}
434 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
435 	default:
436 		mismatch = 1;
437 		break;
438 	}
439 	if (mismatch)
440 		fatal("Protocol major versions differ: %d vs. %d",
441 		    (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2) ? PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2 : PROTOCOL_MAJOR_1,
442 		    remote_major);
443 	/* Send our own protocol version identification. */
444 	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "SSH-%d.%d-%.100s\n",
445 	    compat20 ? PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2 : PROTOCOL_MAJOR_1,
446 	    compat20 ? PROTOCOL_MINOR_2 : minor1,
447 	    SSH_VERSION);
448 	if (atomicio(write, connection_out, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf))
449 		fatal("write: %.100s", strerror(errno));
450 	client_version_string = xstrdup(buf);
451 	chop(client_version_string);
452 	chop(server_version_string);
453 	debug("Local version string %.100s", client_version_string);
454 }
455 
456 /* defaults to 'no' */
457 static int
458 confirm(const char *prompt)
459 {
460 	const char *msg, *again = "Please type 'yes' or 'no': ";
461 	char *p;
462 	int ret = -1;
463 
464 	if (options.batch_mode)
465 		return 0;
466 	for (msg = prompt;;msg = again) {
467 		p = read_passphrase(msg, RP_ECHO);
468 		if (p == NULL ||
469 		    (p[0] == '\0') || (p[0] == '\n') ||
470 		    strncasecmp(p, "no", 2) == 0)
471 			ret = 0;
472 		if (p && strncasecmp(p, "yes", 3) == 0)
473 			ret = 1;
474 		if (p)
475 			xfree(p);
476 		if (ret != -1)
477 			return ret;
478 	}
479 }
480 
481 /*
482  * check whether the supplied host key is valid, return -1 if the key
483  * is not valid. the user_hostfile will not be updated if 'readonly' is true.
484  */
485 static int
486 check_host_key(char *host, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, Key *host_key,
487     int readonly, const char *user_hostfile, const char *system_hostfile)
488 {
489 	Key *file_key;
490 	char *type = key_type(host_key);
491 	char *ip = NULL;
492 	char hostline[1000], *hostp, *fp;
493 	HostStatus host_status;
494 	HostStatus ip_status;
495 	int local = 0, host_ip_differ = 0;
496 	int salen;
497 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST];
498 	char msg[1024];
499 	int len, host_line, ip_line, has_keys;
500 	const char *host_file = NULL, *ip_file = NULL;
501 
502 	/*
503 	 * Force accepting of the host key for loopback/localhost. The
504 	 * problem is that if the home directory is NFS-mounted to multiple
505 	 * machines, localhost will refer to a different machine in each of
506 	 * them, and the user will get bogus HOST_CHANGED warnings.  This
507 	 * essentially disables host authentication for localhost; however,
508 	 * this is probably not a real problem.
509 	 */
510 	/**  hostaddr == 0! */
511 	switch (hostaddr->sa_family) {
512 	case AF_INET:
513 		local = (ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in *)hostaddr)->
514 		   sin_addr.s_addr) >> 24) == IN_LOOPBACKNET;
515 		salen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
516 		break;
517 	case AF_INET6:
518 		local = IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(
519 		    &(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)hostaddr)->sin6_addr));
520 		salen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
521 		break;
522 	default:
523 		local = 0;
524 		salen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage);
525 		break;
526 	}
527 	if (options.no_host_authentication_for_localhost == 1 && local &&
528 	    options.host_key_alias == NULL) {
529 		debug("Forcing accepting of host key for "
530 		    "loopback/localhost.");
531 		return 0;
532 	}
533 
534 	/*
535 	 * We don't have the remote ip-address for connections
536 	 * using a proxy command
537 	 */
538 	if (options.proxy_command == NULL) {
539 		if (getnameinfo(hostaddr, salen, ntop, sizeof(ntop),
540 		    NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
541 			fatal("check_host_key: getnameinfo failed");
542 		ip = xstrdup(ntop);
543 	} else {
544 		ip = xstrdup("<no hostip for proxy command>");
545 	}
546 	/*
547 	 * Turn off check_host_ip if the connection is to localhost, via proxy
548 	 * command or if we don't have a hostname to compare with
549 	 */
550 	if (options.check_host_ip &&
551 	    (local || strcmp(host, ip) == 0 || options.proxy_command != NULL))
552 		options.check_host_ip = 0;
553 
554 	/*
555 	 * Allow the user to record the key under a different name. This is
556 	 * useful for ssh tunneling over forwarded connections or if you run
557 	 * multiple sshd's on different ports on the same machine.
558 	 */
559 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL) {
560 		host = options.host_key_alias;
561 		debug("using hostkeyalias: %s", host);
562 	}
563 
564 	/*
565 	 * Store the host key from the known host file in here so that we can
566 	 * compare it with the key for the IP address.
567 	 */
568 	file_key = key_new(host_key->type);
569 
570 	/*
571 	 * Check if the host key is present in the user\'s list of known
572 	 * hosts or in the systemwide list.
573 	 */
574 	host_file = user_hostfile;
575 	host_status = check_host_in_hostfile(host_file, host, host_key,
576 	    file_key, &host_line);
577 	if (host_status == HOST_NEW) {
578 		host_file = system_hostfile;
579 		host_status = check_host_in_hostfile(host_file, host, host_key,
580 		    file_key, &host_line);
581 	}
582 	/*
583 	 * Also perform check for the ip address, skip the check if we are
584 	 * localhost or the hostname was an ip address to begin with
585 	 */
586 	if (options.check_host_ip) {
587 		Key *ip_key = key_new(host_key->type);
588 
589 		ip_file = user_hostfile;
590 		ip_status = check_host_in_hostfile(ip_file, ip, host_key,
591 		    ip_key, &ip_line);
592 		if (ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
593 			ip_file = system_hostfile;
594 			ip_status = check_host_in_hostfile(ip_file, ip,
595 			    host_key, ip_key, &ip_line);
596 		}
597 		if (host_status == HOST_CHANGED &&
598 		    (ip_status != HOST_CHANGED || !key_equal(ip_key, file_key)))
599 			host_ip_differ = 1;
600 
601 		key_free(ip_key);
602 	} else
603 		ip_status = host_status;
604 
605 	key_free(file_key);
606 
607 	switch (host_status) {
608 	case HOST_OK:
609 		/* The host is known and the key matches. */
610 		debug("Host '%.200s' is known and matches the %s host key.",
611 		    host, type);
612 		debug("Found key in %s:%d", host_file, host_line);
613 		if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
614 			if (readonly)
615 				log("%s host key for IP address "
616 				    "'%.128s' not in list of known hosts.",
617 				    type, ip);
618 			else if (!add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfile, ip,
619 			    host_key))
620 				log("Failed to add the %s host key for IP "
621 				    "address '%.128s' to the list of known "
622 				    "hosts (%.30s).", type, ip, user_hostfile);
623 			else
624 				log("Warning: Permanently added the %s host "
625 				    "key for IP address '%.128s' to the list "
626 				    "of known hosts.", type, ip);
627 		}
628 		break;
629 	case HOST_NEW:
630 		if (readonly)
631 			goto fail;
632 		/* The host is new. */
633 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking == 1) {
634 			/*
635 			 * User has requested strict host key checking.  We
636 			 * will not add the host key automatically.  The only
637 			 * alternative left is to abort.
638 			 */
639 			error("No %s host key is known for %.200s and you "
640 			    "have requested strict checking.", type, host);
641 			goto fail;
642 		} else if (options.strict_host_key_checking == 2) {
643 			has_keys = show_other_keys(host, host_key);
644 			/* The default */
645 			fp = key_fingerprint(host_key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
646 			snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
647 			    "The authenticity of host '%.200s (%s)' can't be "
648 			    "established%s\n"
649 			    "%s key fingerprint is %s.\n"
650 			    "Are you sure you want to continue connecting "
651 			    "(yes/no)? ",
652 			    host, ip,
653 			    has_keys ? ",\nbut keys of different type are already "
654 			    "known for this host." : ".",
655 			    type, fp);
656 			xfree(fp);
657 			if (!confirm(msg))
658 				goto fail;
659 		}
660 		if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
661 			snprintf(hostline, sizeof(hostline), "%s,%s", host, ip);
662 			hostp = hostline;
663 		} else
664 			hostp = host;
665 
666 		/*
667 		 * If not in strict mode, add the key automatically to the
668 		 * local known_hosts file.
669 		 */
670 		if (!add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfile, hostp, host_key))
671 			log("Failed to add the host to the list of known "
672 			    "hosts (%.500s).", user_hostfile);
673 		else
674 			log("Warning: Permanently added '%.200s' (%s) to the "
675 			    "list of known hosts.", hostp, type);
676 		break;
677 	case HOST_CHANGED:
678 		if (options.check_host_ip && host_ip_differ) {
679 			char *msg;
680 			if (ip_status == HOST_NEW)
681 				msg = "is unknown";
682 			else if (ip_status == HOST_OK)
683 				msg = "is unchanged";
684 			else
685 				msg = "has a different value";
686 			error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
687 			error("@       WARNING: POSSIBLE DNS SPOOFING DETECTED!          @");
688 			error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
689 			error("The %s host key for %s has changed,", type, host);
690 			error("and the key for the according IP address %s", ip);
691 			error("%s. This could either mean that", msg);
692 			error("DNS SPOOFING is happening or the IP address for the host");
693 			error("and its host key have changed at the same time.");
694 			if (ip_status != HOST_NEW)
695 				error("Offending key for IP in %s:%d", ip_file, ip_line);
696 		}
697 		/* The host key has changed. */
698 		fp = key_fingerprint(host_key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
699 		error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
700 		error("@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @");
701 		error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
702 		error("IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!");
703 		error("Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!");
704 		error("It is also possible that the %s host key has just been changed.", type);
705 		error("The fingerprint for the %s key sent by the remote host is\n%s.",
706 		    type, fp);
707 		error("Please contact your system administrator.");
708 		error("Add correct host key in %.100s to get rid of this message.",
709 		    user_hostfile);
710 		error("Offending key in %s:%d", host_file, host_line);
711 		xfree(fp);
712 
713 		/*
714 		 * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have
715 		 * to edit the key manually and we can only abort.
716 		 */
717 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking) {
718 			error("%s host key for %.200s has changed and you have "
719 			    "requested strict checking.", type, host);
720 			goto fail;
721 		}
722 
723 		/*
724 		 * If strict host key checking has not been requested, allow
725 		 * the connection but without password authentication or
726 		 * agent forwarding.
727 		 */
728 		if (options.password_authentication) {
729 			error("Password authentication is disabled to avoid "
730 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
731 			options.password_authentication = 0;
732 		}
733 		if (options.forward_agent) {
734 			error("Agent forwarding is disabled to avoid "
735 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
736 			options.forward_agent = 0;
737 		}
738 		if (options.forward_x11) {
739 			error("X11 forwarding is disabled to avoid "
740 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
741 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
742 		}
743 		if (options.num_local_forwards > 0 ||
744 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
745 			error("Port forwarding is disabled to avoid "
746 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
747 			options.num_local_forwards =
748 			    options.num_remote_forwards = 0;
749 		}
750 		/*
751 		 * XXX Should permit the user to change to use the new id.
752 		 * This could be done by converting the host key to an
753 		 * identifying sentence, tell that the host identifies itself
754 		 * by that sentence, and ask the user if he/she whishes to
755 		 * accept the authentication.
756 		 */
757 		break;
758 	case HOST_FOUND:
759 		fatal("internal error");
760 		break;
761 	}
762 
763 	if (options.check_host_ip && host_status != HOST_CHANGED &&
764 	    ip_status == HOST_CHANGED) {
765 		snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
766 		    "Warning: the %s host key for '%.200s' "
767 		    "differs from the key for the IP address '%.128s'"
768 		    "\nOffending key for IP in %s:%d",
769 		    type, host, ip, ip_file, ip_line);
770 		if (host_status == HOST_OK) {
771 			len = strlen(msg);
772 			snprintf(msg + len, sizeof(msg) - len,
773 			    "\nMatching host key in %s:%d",
774 			    host_file, host_line);
775 		}
776 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking == 1) {
777 			log(msg);
778 			error("Exiting, you have requested strict checking.");
779 			goto fail;
780 		} else if (options.strict_host_key_checking == 2) {
781 			strlcat(msg, "\nAre you sure you want "
782 			    "to continue connecting (yes/no)? ", sizeof(msg));
783 			if (!confirm(msg))
784 				goto fail;
785 		} else {
786 			log(msg);
787 		}
788 	}
789 
790 	xfree(ip);
791 	return 0;
792 
793 fail:
794 	xfree(ip);
795 	return -1;
796 }
797 
798 int
799 verify_host_key(char *host, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, Key *host_key)
800 {
801 	struct stat st;
802 
803 	/* return ok if the key can be found in an old keyfile */
804 	if (stat(options.system_hostfile2, &st) == 0 ||
805 	    stat(options.user_hostfile2, &st) == 0) {
806 		if (check_host_key(host, hostaddr, host_key, /*readonly*/ 1,
807 		    options.user_hostfile2, options.system_hostfile2) == 0)
808 			return 0;
809 	}
810 	return check_host_key(host, hostaddr, host_key, /*readonly*/ 0,
811 	    options.user_hostfile, options.system_hostfile);
812 }
813 
814 /*
815  * Starts a dialog with the server, and authenticates the current user on the
816  * server.  This does not need any extra privileges.  The basic connection
817  * to the server must already have been established before this is called.
818  * If login fails, this function prints an error and never returns.
819  * This function does not require super-user privileges.
820  */
821 void
822 ssh_login(Sensitive *sensitive, const char *orighost,
823     struct sockaddr *hostaddr, struct passwd *pw)
824 {
825 	char *host, *cp;
826 	char *server_user, *local_user;
827 
828 	local_user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
829 	server_user = options.user ? options.user : local_user;
830 
831 	/* Convert the user-supplied hostname into all lowercase. */
832 	host = xstrdup(orighost);
833 	for (cp = host; *cp; cp++)
834 		if (isupper(*cp))
835 			*cp = tolower(*cp);
836 
837 	/* Exchange protocol version identification strings with the server. */
838 	ssh_exchange_identification();
839 
840 	/* Put the connection into non-blocking mode. */
841 	packet_set_nonblocking();
842 
843 	/* key exchange */
844 	/* authenticate user */
845 	if (compat20) {
846 		ssh_kex2(host, hostaddr);
847 		ssh_userauth2(local_user, server_user, host, sensitive);
848 	} else {
849 		ssh_kex(host, hostaddr);
850 		ssh_userauth1(local_user, server_user, host, sensitive);
851 	}
852 }
853 
854 void
855 ssh_put_password(char *password)
856 {
857 	int size;
858 	char *padded;
859 
860 	if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_PASSWORDPAD) {
861 		packet_put_cstring(password);
862 		return;
863 	}
864 	size = roundup(strlen(password) + 1, 32);
865 	padded = xmalloc(size);
866 	memset(padded, 0, size);
867 	strlcpy(padded, password, size);
868 	packet_put_string(padded, size);
869 	memset(padded, 0, size);
870 	xfree(padded);
871 }
872 
873 static int
874 show_key_from_file(const char *file, const char *host, int keytype)
875 {
876 	Key *found;
877 	char *fp;
878 	int line, ret;
879 
880 	found = key_new(keytype);
881 	if ((ret = lookup_key_in_hostfile_by_type(file, host,
882 	    keytype, found, &line))) {
883 		fp = key_fingerprint(found, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
884 		log("WARNING: %s key found for host %s\n"
885 		    "in %s:%d\n"
886 		    "%s key fingerprint %s.",
887 		    key_type(found), host, file, line,
888 		    key_type(found), fp);
889 		xfree(fp);
890 	}
891 	key_free(found);
892 	return (ret);
893 }
894 
895 /* print all known host keys for a given host, but skip keys of given type */
896 static int
897 show_other_keys(const char *host, Key *key)
898 {
899 	int type[] = { KEY_RSA1, KEY_RSA, KEY_DSA, -1};
900 	int i, found = 0;
901 
902 	for (i = 0; type[i] != -1; i++) {
903 		if (type[i] == key->type)
904 			continue;
905 		if (type[i] != KEY_RSA1 &&
906 		    show_key_from_file(options.user_hostfile2, host, type[i])) {
907 			found = 1;
908 			continue;
909 		}
910 		if (type[i] != KEY_RSA1 &&
911 		    show_key_from_file(options.system_hostfile2, host, type[i])) {
912 			found = 1;
913 			continue;
914 		}
915 		if (show_key_from_file(options.user_hostfile, host, type[i])) {
916 			found = 1;
917 			continue;
918 		}
919 		if (show_key_from_file(options.system_hostfile, host, type[i])) {
920 			found = 1;
921 			continue;
922 		}
923 		debug2("no key of type %d for host %s", type[i], host);
924 	}
925 	return (found);
926 }
927