xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c (revision d93a896ef95946b0bf1219866fcb324b78543444)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.299 2017/03/10 04:26:06 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include "includes.h"
16 
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 
21 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
25 #endif
26 
27 #include <errno.h>
28 #include <fcntl.h>
29 #include <netdb.h>
30 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
31 # include <paths.h>
32 #endif
33 #include <pwd.h>
34 #include <stdarg.h>
35 #include <stdio.h>
36 #include <stdlib.h>
37 #include <string.h>
38 #include <unistd.h>
39 #include <limits.h>
40 #include <locale.h>
41 
42 #include "xmalloc.h"
43 #include "sshkey.h"
44 #include "rsa.h"
45 #include "authfile.h"
46 #include "uuencode.h"
47 #include "sshbuf.h"
48 #include "pathnames.h"
49 #include "log.h"
50 #include "misc.h"
51 #include "match.h"
52 #include "hostfile.h"
53 #include "dns.h"
54 #include "ssh.h"
55 #include "ssh2.h"
56 #include "ssherr.h"
57 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
58 #include "atomicio.h"
59 #include "krl.h"
60 #include "digest.h"
61 #include "utf8.h"
62 
63 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
64 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
65 #else
66 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
67 #endif
68 
69 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
70 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
71 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
72 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
73 u_int32_t bits = 0;
74 
75 /*
76  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
77  * set on the command line.
78  */
79 int change_passphrase = 0;
80 
81 /*
82  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
83  * on the command line.
84  */
85 int change_comment = 0;
86 
87 int quiet = 0;
88 
89 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
90 
91 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
92 int hash_hosts = 0;
93 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
94 int find_host = 0;
95 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
96 int delete_host = 0;
97 
98 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
99 int show_cert = 0;
100 
101 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
102 int print_fingerprint = 0;
103 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
104 
105 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
106 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
107 
108 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
109 char identity_file[1024];
110 int have_identity = 0;
111 
112 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
113 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
114 
115 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
116 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
117 
118 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
119 char *identity_comment = NULL;
120 
121 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
122 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
123 
124 /* Certificate serial number */
125 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
126 
127 /* Key type when certifying */
128 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
129 
130 /* "key ID" of signed key */
131 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
132 
133 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
134 char *cert_principals = NULL;
135 
136 /* Validity period for certificates */
137 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
138 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
139 
140 /* Certificate options */
141 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
142 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
143 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
144 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
145 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
146 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
147 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
148 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
149 char *certflags_command = NULL;
150 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
151 
152 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
153 int convert_to = 0;
154 int convert_from = 0;
155 enum {
156 	FMT_RFC4716,
157 	FMT_PKCS8,
158 	FMT_PEM
159 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
160 int print_public = 0;
161 int print_generic = 0;
162 
163 char *key_type_name = NULL;
164 
165 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
166 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
167 
168 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
169 int use_new_format = 0;
170 
171 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
172 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
173 
174 /*
175  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
176  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
177  */
178 int rounds = 0;
179 
180 /* argv0 */
181 extern char *__progname;
182 
183 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
184 
185 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
186 /* moduli.c */
187 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
188 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
189     unsigned long);
190 #endif
191 
192 static void
193 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
194 {
195 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
196 	u_int maxbits, nid;
197 #endif
198 
199 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
200 		fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
201 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
202 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
203 		if (type == KEY_DSA)
204 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
205 		else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
206 			if (name != NULL &&
207 			    (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
208 				*bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
209 			if (*bitsp == 0)
210 				*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
211 		} else
212 #endif
213 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
214 	}
215 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
216 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
217 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
218 	if (*bitsp > maxbits)
219 		fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
220 	if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
221 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
222 	else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 1024)
223 		fatal("Key must at least be 1024 bits");
224 	else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
225 		fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
226 		    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
227 #endif
228 }
229 
230 static void
231 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
232 {
233 	char buf[1024];
234 	char *name = NULL;
235 
236 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
237 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
238 	else {
239 		switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
240 		case KEY_RSA1:
241 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
242 			break;
243 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
244 		case KEY_DSA:
245 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
246 			break;
247 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
248 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
249 		case KEY_ECDSA:
250 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
251 			break;
252 #endif
253 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
254 		case KEY_RSA:
255 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
256 			break;
257 		case KEY_ED25519:
258 		case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
259 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
260 			break;
261 		default:
262 			fatal("bad key type");
263 		}
264 	}
265 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
266 	    "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
267 	printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
268 	fflush(stdout);
269 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
270 		exit(1);
271 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
272 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
273 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
274 	have_identity = 1;
275 }
276 
277 static struct sshkey *
278 load_identity(char *filename)
279 {
280 	char *pass;
281 	struct sshkey *prv;
282 	int r;
283 
284 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
285 		return prv;
286 	if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
287 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
288 	if (identity_passphrase)
289 		pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
290 	else
291 		pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
292 	r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
293 	explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
294 	free(pass);
295 	if (r != 0)
296 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
297 	return prv;
298 }
299 
300 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
301 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
302 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
303 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
304 
305 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
306 static void
307 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
308 {
309 	size_t len;
310 	u_char *blob;
311 	char comment[61];
312 	int r;
313 
314 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1)
315 		fatal("version 1 keys are not supported");
316 	if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
317 		fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
318 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
319 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
320 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
321 	    sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
322 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
323 
324 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
325 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
326 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
327 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
328 	sshkey_free(k);
329 	free(blob);
330 	exit(0);
331 }
332 
333 static void
334 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
335 {
336 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
337 	case KEY_RSA1:
338 	case KEY_RSA:
339 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
340 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
341 		break;
342 	case KEY_DSA:
343 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
344 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
345 		break;
346 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
347 	case KEY_ECDSA:
348 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
349 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
350 		break;
351 #endif
352 	default:
353 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
354 	}
355 	exit(0);
356 }
357 
358 static void
359 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
360 {
361 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
362 	case KEY_RSA1:
363 	case KEY_RSA:
364 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
365 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
366 		break;
367 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
368 	case KEY_DSA:
369 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
370 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
371 		break;
372 #endif
373 	/* XXX ECDSA? */
374 	default:
375 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
376 	}
377 	exit(0);
378 }
379 
380 static void
381 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
382 {
383 	struct sshkey *k;
384 	struct stat st;
385 	int r;
386 
387 	if (!have_identity)
388 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
389 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
390 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
391 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
392 		k = load_identity(identity_file);
393 	switch (convert_format) {
394 	case FMT_RFC4716:
395 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
396 		break;
397 	case FMT_PKCS8:
398 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
399 		break;
400 	case FMT_PEM:
401 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
402 		break;
403 	default:
404 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
405 	}
406 	exit(0);
407 }
408 
409 /*
410  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
411  * instead of 16.
412  */
413 static void
414 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
415 {
416 	u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
417 	int r;
418 
419 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
420 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
421 	bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
422 	if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
423 		fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
424 		    __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
425 	if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
426 		fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
427 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
428 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
429 }
430 
431 static struct sshkey *
432 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
433 {
434 	struct sshbuf *b;
435 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
436 	char *type, *cipher;
437 	u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
438 	int r, rlen, ktype;
439 	u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
440 	size_t slen;
441 	u_long e;
442 
443 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
444 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
445 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
446 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
447 
448 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
449 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
450 		    SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
451 		sshbuf_free(b);
452 		return NULL;
453 	}
454 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
455 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
456 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
457 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
458 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
459 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
460 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
461 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
462 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
463 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
464 		free(cipher);
465 		sshbuf_free(b);
466 		free(type);
467 		return NULL;
468 	}
469 	free(cipher);
470 
471 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
472 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
473 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
474 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
475 	} else {
476 		sshbuf_free(b);
477 		free(type);
478 		return NULL;
479 	}
480 	if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
481 		fatal("key_new_private failed");
482 	free(type);
483 
484 	switch (key->type) {
485 	case KEY_DSA:
486 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
487 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
488 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
489 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
490 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
491 		break;
492 	case KEY_RSA:
493 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
494 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
495 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
496 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
497 		e = e1;
498 		debug("e %lx", e);
499 		if (e < 30) {
500 			e <<= 8;
501 			e += e2;
502 			debug("e %lx", e);
503 			e <<= 8;
504 			e += e3;
505 			debug("e %lx", e);
506 		}
507 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
508 			sshbuf_free(b);
509 			sshkey_free(key);
510 			return NULL;
511 		}
512 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
513 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
514 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
515 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
516 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
517 		if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
518 			fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
519 		break;
520 	}
521 	rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
522 	if (rlen != 0)
523 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
524 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
525 	sshbuf_free(b);
526 
527 	/* try the key */
528 	if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), NULL, 0) != 0 ||
529 	    sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
530 		sshkey_free(key);
531 		free(sig);
532 		return NULL;
533 	}
534 	free(sig);
535 	return key;
536 }
537 
538 static int
539 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
540 {
541 	int c;
542 	size_t pos = 0;
543 
544 	line[0] = '\0';
545 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
546 		if (pos >= len - 1)
547 			fatal("input line too long.");
548 		switch (c) {
549 		case '\r':
550 			c = fgetc(fp);
551 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
552 				fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
553 			return pos;
554 		case '\n':
555 			return pos;
556 		}
557 		line[pos++] = c;
558 		line[pos] = '\0';
559 	}
560 	/* We reached EOF */
561 	return -1;
562 }
563 
564 static void
565 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
566 {
567 	int r, blen, escaped = 0;
568 	u_int len;
569 	char line[1024];
570 	u_char blob[8096];
571 	char encoded[8096];
572 	FILE *fp;
573 
574 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
575 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
576 	encoded[0] = '\0';
577 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
578 		if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
579 			escaped++;
580 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
581 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
582 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
583 				*private = 1;
584 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
585 				break;
586 			}
587 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
588 			continue;
589 		}
590 		if (escaped) {
591 			escaped--;
592 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
593 			continue;
594 		}
595 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
596 	}
597 	len = strlen(encoded);
598 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
599 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
600 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
601 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
602 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
603 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
604 	if (blen < 0)
605 		fatal("uudecode failed.");
606 	if (*private)
607 		*k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
608 	else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
609 		fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
610 	fclose(fp);
611 }
612 
613 static void
614 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
615 {
616 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
617 	FILE *fp;
618 
619 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
620 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
621 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
622 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
623 		    identity_file);
624 	}
625 	fclose(fp);
626 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
627 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
628 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
629 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
630 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
631 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
632 		break;
633 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
634 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
635 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
636 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
637 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
638 		break;
639 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
640 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
641 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
642 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
643 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
644 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
645 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
646 		break;
647 #endif
648 	default:
649 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
650 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
651 	}
652 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
653 	return;
654 }
655 
656 static void
657 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
658 {
659 	FILE *fp;
660 	RSA *rsa;
661 #ifdef notyet
662 	DSA *dsa;
663 #endif
664 
665 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
666 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
667 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
668 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
669 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
670 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
671 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
672 		fclose(fp);
673 		return;
674 	}
675 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
676 	rewind(fp);
677 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
678 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
679 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
680 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
681 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
682 		fclose(fp);
683 		return;
684 	}
685 	/* XXX ECDSA */
686 #endif
687 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
688 }
689 
690 static void
691 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
692 {
693 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
694 	int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
695 	struct stat st;
696 
697 	if (!have_identity)
698 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
699 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
700 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
701 
702 	switch (convert_format) {
703 	case FMT_RFC4716:
704 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
705 		break;
706 	case FMT_PKCS8:
707 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
708 		break;
709 	case FMT_PEM:
710 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
711 		break;
712 	default:
713 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
714 	}
715 
716 	if (!private) {
717 		if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
718 			ok = 1;
719 		if (ok)
720 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
721 	} else {
722 		switch (k->type) {
723 		case KEY_DSA:
724 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
725 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
726 			break;
727 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
728 		case KEY_ECDSA:
729 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
730 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
731 			break;
732 #endif
733 		case KEY_RSA:
734 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
735 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
736 			break;
737 		default:
738 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
739 			    sshkey_type(k));
740 		}
741 	}
742 
743 	if (!ok)
744 		fatal("key write failed");
745 	sshkey_free(k);
746 	exit(0);
747 }
748 #endif
749 
750 static void
751 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
752 {
753 	struct sshkey *prv;
754 	struct stat st;
755 	int r;
756 
757 	if (!have_identity)
758 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
759 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
760 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
761 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
762 	if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
763 		error("key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
764 	sshkey_free(prv);
765 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
766 	exit(0);
767 }
768 
769 static void
770 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
771 {
772 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
773 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
774 	int i, nkeys;
775 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
776 	int fptype;
777 	char *fp, *ra;
778 
779 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
780 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
781 
782 	pkcs11_init(0);
783 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
784 	if (nkeys <= 0)
785 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
786 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
787 		if (print_fingerprint) {
788 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
789 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
790 			    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
791 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
792 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
793 			printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
794 			    fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
795 			if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
796 				printf("%s\n", ra);
797 			free(ra);
798 			free(fp);
799 		} else {
800 			(void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
801 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
802 		}
803 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
804 	}
805 	free(keys);
806 	pkcs11_terminate();
807 	exit(0);
808 #else
809 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
810 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
811 }
812 
813 static struct sshkey *
814 try_read_key(char **cpp)
815 {
816 	struct sshkey *ret;
817 	int r;
818 
819 	if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
820 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
821 	/* Try RSA1 */
822 	if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
823 		return ret;
824 	/* Try modern */
825 	sshkey_free(ret);
826 	if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
827 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
828 	if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
829 		return ret;
830 	/* Not a key */
831 	sshkey_free(ret);
832 	return NULL;
833 }
834 
835 static void
836 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
837 {
838 	char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
839 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
840 	int fptype;
841 
842 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
843 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
844 	fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
845 	ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
846 	if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
847 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
848 	mprintf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
849 	    comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
850 	if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
851 		printf("%s\n", ra);
852 	free(ra);
853 	free(fp);
854 }
855 
856 static void
857 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
858 {
859 	struct stat st;
860 	char *comment = NULL;
861 	struct sshkey *public = NULL;
862 	int r;
863 
864 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
865 		fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
866 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, &comment)) != 0) {
867 		debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
868 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
869 		    &public, &comment)) != 0) {
870 			debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
871 			fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
872 		}
873 	}
874 
875 	fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
876 	sshkey_free(public);
877 	free(comment);
878 }
879 
880 static void
881 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
882 {
883 	FILE *f;
884 	struct sshkey *public = NULL;
885 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
886 	int i, invalid = 1;
887 	const char *path;
888 	u_long lnum = 0;
889 
890 	if (!have_identity)
891 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
892 	path = identity_file;
893 
894 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
895 		f = stdin;
896 		path = "(stdin)";
897 	} else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
898 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
899 
900 	while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
901 		cp = line;
902 		cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
903 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
904 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
905 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
906 			continue;
907 
908 		/*
909 		 * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
910 		 * or known_hosts.
911 		 */
912 
913 		/*
914 		 * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
915 		 * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
916 		 * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
917 		 */
918 		if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
919 		    strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
920 			fclose(f);
921 			fingerprint_private(path);
922 			exit(0);
923 		}
924 
925 		/*
926 		 * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
927 		 * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
928 		 * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
929 		 */
930 		if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
931 			i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
932 			if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
933 			    (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
934 				int quoted = 0;
935 
936 				comment = cp;
937 				for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
938 				    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
939 					if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
940 						cp++;	/* Skip both */
941 					else if (*cp == '"')
942 						quoted = !quoted;
943 				}
944 				if (!*cp)
945 					continue;
946 				*cp++ = '\0';
947 			}
948 		}
949 		/* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
950 		if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
951 			debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
952 			continue;
953 		}
954 
955 		/* Find trailing comment, if any */
956 		for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
957 			;
958 		if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
959 			comment = cp;
960 
961 		fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
962 		sshkey_free(public);
963 		invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
964 	}
965 	fclose(f);
966 
967 	if (invalid)
968 		fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
969 	exit(0);
970 }
971 
972 static void
973 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
974 {
975 	struct {
976 		char *key_type;
977 		char *key_type_display;
978 		char *path;
979 	} key_types[] = {
980 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
981 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
982 		{ "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
983 #endif /* WITH_SSH1 */
984 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
985 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
986 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
987 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
988 #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
989 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
990 		{ "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
991 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
992 	};
993 
994 	int first = 0;
995 	struct stat st;
996 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
997 	char comment[1024];
998 	int i, type, fd, r;
999 	FILE *f;
1000 
1001 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
1002 		if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
1003 			continue;
1004 		if (errno != ENOENT) {
1005 			error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1006 			    strerror(errno));
1007 			first = 0;
1008 			continue;
1009 		}
1010 
1011 		if (first == 0) {
1012 			first = 1;
1013 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1014 		}
1015 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1016 		fflush(stdout);
1017 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1018 		strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
1019 		bits = 0;
1020 		type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1021 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1022 			error("key_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1023 			first = 0;
1024 			continue;
1025 		}
1026 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1027 			fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1028 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1029 		    hostname);
1030 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
1031 		    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1032 			error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1033 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1034 			sshkey_free(private);
1035 			sshkey_free(public);
1036 			first = 0;
1037 			continue;
1038 		}
1039 		sshkey_free(private);
1040 		strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1041 		fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1042 		if (fd == -1) {
1043 			error("Could not save your public key in %s",
1044 			    identity_file);
1045 			sshkey_free(public);
1046 			first = 0;
1047 			continue;
1048 		}
1049 		f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1050 		if (f == NULL) {
1051 			error("fdopen %s failed", identity_file);
1052 			close(fd);
1053 			sshkey_free(public);
1054 			first = 0;
1055 			continue;
1056 		}
1057 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1058 			error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1059 			fclose(f);
1060 			sshkey_free(public);
1061 			first = 0;
1062 			continue;
1063 		}
1064 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1065 		fclose(f);
1066 		sshkey_free(public);
1067 
1068 	}
1069 	if (first != 0)
1070 		printf("\n");
1071 }
1072 
1073 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1074 	const char *host;	/* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1075 	FILE *out;		/* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1076 	int has_unhashed;	/* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1077 	int found_key;		/* For find/delete, host was found */
1078 	int invalid;		/* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1079 };
1080 
1081 static int
1082 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1083 {
1084 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1085 	char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1086 	int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1087 	int was_hashed = l->hosts && l->hosts[0] == HASH_DELIM;
1088 
1089 	switch (l->status) {
1090 	case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1091 	case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1092 		/*
1093 		 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1094 		 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1095 		 */
1096 		if (was_hashed || has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1097 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1098 			if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1099 				logit("%s:%lu: ignoring host name "
1100 				    "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1101 				    l->linenum, l->hosts);
1102 			}
1103 			return 0;
1104 		}
1105 		/*
1106 		 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1107 		 * hash and store separately.
1108 		 */
1109 		ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1110 		while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1111 			lowercase(cp);
1112 			if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1113 				fatal("hash_host failed");
1114 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1115 			ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1116 		}
1117 		free(ohosts);
1118 		return 0;
1119 	case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1120 		/* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1121 		ctx->invalid = 1;
1122 		logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1123 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1124 	default:
1125 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1126 		return 0;
1127 	}
1128 	/* NOTREACHED */
1129 	return -1;
1130 }
1131 
1132 static int
1133 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1134 {
1135 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1136 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1137 	int fptype;
1138 	char *fp;
1139 
1140 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1141 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1142 
1143 	if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1144 		if (delete_host) {
1145 			if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1146 				/* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1147 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1148 			} else {
1149 				/*
1150 				 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1151 				 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1152 				 * line to ctx->out.
1153 				 */
1154 				ctx->found_key = 1;
1155 				if (!quiet)
1156 					printf("# Host %s found: line %lu\n",
1157 					    ctx->host, l->linenum);
1158 			}
1159 			return 0;
1160 		} else if (find_host) {
1161 			ctx->found_key = 1;
1162 			if (!quiet) {
1163 				printf("# Host %s found: line %lu %s\n",
1164 				    ctx->host,
1165 				    l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1166 				    (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1167 			}
1168 			if (hash_hosts)
1169 				known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1170 			else if (print_fingerprint) {
1171 				fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1172 				mprintf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1173 				    sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1174 				free(fp);
1175 			} else
1176 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1177 			return 0;
1178 		}
1179 	} else if (delete_host) {
1180 		/* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1181 		if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1182 			ctx->invalid = 1;
1183 			logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1184 		}
1185 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1186 	}
1187 	return 0;
1188 }
1189 
1190 static void
1191 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1192 {
1193 	char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1194 	int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1195 	struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1196 	u_int foreach_options;
1197 
1198 	if (!have_identity) {
1199 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1200 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1201 		    sizeof(identity_file))
1202 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1203 		free(cp);
1204 		have_identity = 1;
1205 	}
1206 
1207 	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1208 	ctx.out = stdout;
1209 	ctx.host = name;
1210 
1211 	/*
1212 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1213 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1214 	 */
1215 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1216 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1217 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1218 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1219 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1220 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1221 		umask(077);
1222 		if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1223 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1224 		if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1225 			oerrno = errno;
1226 			unlink(tmp);
1227 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1228 		}
1229 		inplace = 1;
1230 	}
1231 
1232 	/* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1233 	foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1234 	foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1235 	if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1236 	    hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1237 	    name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0) {
1238 		if (inplace)
1239 			unlink(tmp);
1240 		fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1241 	}
1242 
1243 	if (inplace)
1244 		fclose(ctx.out);
1245 
1246 	if (ctx.invalid) {
1247 		error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1248 		if (inplace) {
1249 			error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1250 			    "file because of errors");
1251 			unlink(tmp);
1252 		}
1253 		exit(1);
1254 	} else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1255 		logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1256 		if (inplace)
1257 			unlink(tmp);
1258 	} else if (inplace) {
1259 		/* Backup existing file */
1260 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1261 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1262 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1263 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1264 			    strerror(errno));
1265 		/* Move new one into place */
1266 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1267 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1268 			    strerror(errno));
1269 			unlink(tmp);
1270 			unlink(old);
1271 			exit(1);
1272 		}
1273 
1274 		printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1275 		printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1276 		if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1277 			logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1278 			logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1279 			    "of hostnames");
1280 		}
1281 	}
1282 
1283 	exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1284 }
1285 
1286 /*
1287  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1288  * for the current user.
1289  */
1290 static void
1291 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1292 {
1293 	char *comment;
1294 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1295 	struct stat st;
1296 	struct sshkey *private;
1297 	int r;
1298 
1299 	if (!have_identity)
1300 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1301 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1302 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1303 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1304 	r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1305 	if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1306 		if (identity_passphrase)
1307 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1308 		else
1309 			old_passphrase =
1310 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1311 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1312 		r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1313 		    &private, &comment);
1314 		explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1315 		free(old_passphrase);
1316 		if (r != 0)
1317 			goto badkey;
1318 	} else if (r != 0) {
1319  badkey:
1320 		fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1321 	}
1322 	if (comment)
1323 		mprintf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1324 
1325 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1326 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1327 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1328 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1329 	} else {
1330 		passphrase1 =
1331 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1332 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1333 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1334 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1335 
1336 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1337 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1338 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1339 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1340 			free(passphrase1);
1341 			free(passphrase2);
1342 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1343 			exit(1);
1344 		}
1345 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1346 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1347 		free(passphrase2);
1348 	}
1349 
1350 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1351 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1352 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1353 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1354 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1355 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1356 		free(passphrase1);
1357 		sshkey_free(private);
1358 		free(comment);
1359 		exit(1);
1360 	}
1361 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1362 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1363 	free(passphrase1);
1364 	sshkey_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1365 	free(comment);
1366 
1367 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1368 	exit(0);
1369 }
1370 
1371 /*
1372  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1373  */
1374 static int
1375 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1376 {
1377 	struct sshkey *public;
1378 	char *comment = NULL;
1379 	struct stat st;
1380 	int r;
1381 
1382 	if (fname == NULL)
1383 		fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1384 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1385 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1386 			return 0;
1387 		fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1388 	}
1389 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1390 		fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1391 		    fname, ssh_err(r));
1392 	export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1393 	sshkey_free(public);
1394 	free(comment);
1395 	return 1;
1396 }
1397 
1398 /*
1399  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1400  */
1401 static void
1402 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1403 {
1404 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1405 	struct sshkey *private;
1406 	struct sshkey *public;
1407 	struct stat st;
1408 	FILE *f;
1409 	int r, fd;
1410 
1411 	if (!have_identity)
1412 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1413 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1414 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1415 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1416 	    &private, &comment)) == 0)
1417 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1418 	else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1419 		fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1420 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1421 	else {
1422 		if (identity_passphrase)
1423 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1424 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1425 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1426 		else
1427 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1428 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1429 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1430 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1431 		    &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1432 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1433 			free(passphrase);
1434 			fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1435 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1436 		}
1437 	}
1438 
1439 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1 && private->type != KEY_ED25519 &&
1440 	    !use_new_format) {
1441 		error("Comments are only supported for RSA1 or keys stored in "
1442 		    "the new format (-o).");
1443 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1444 		sshkey_free(private);
1445 		exit(1);
1446 	}
1447 	if (comment)
1448 		printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1449 	else
1450 		printf("Key now has no comment\n");
1451 
1452 	if (identity_comment) {
1453 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1454 	} else {
1455 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1456 		fflush(stdout);
1457 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1458 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1459 			sshkey_free(private);
1460 			exit(1);
1461 		}
1462 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1463 	}
1464 
1465 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1466 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1467 	    new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1468 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1469 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1470 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1471 		free(passphrase);
1472 		sshkey_free(private);
1473 		free(comment);
1474 		exit(1);
1475 	}
1476 	explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1477 	free(passphrase);
1478 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1479 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1480 	sshkey_free(private);
1481 
1482 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1483 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1484 	if (fd == -1)
1485 		fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1486 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1487 	if (f == NULL)
1488 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1489 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1490 		fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1491 	sshkey_free(public);
1492 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1493 	fclose(f);
1494 
1495 	free(comment);
1496 
1497 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1498 	exit(0);
1499 }
1500 
1501 static void
1502 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1503 {
1504 	int r;
1505 
1506 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1507 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1508 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1509 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1510 }
1511 
1512 static void
1513 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1514 {
1515 	struct sshbuf *b;
1516 	int r;
1517 
1518 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1519 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1520 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1521 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1522 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1523 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1524 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1525 
1526 	sshbuf_free(b);
1527 }
1528 
1529 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1530 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1531 static void
1532 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1533 {
1534 	sshbuf_reset(c);
1535 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1536 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1537 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1538 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1539 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1540 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1541 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1542 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1543 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1544 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1545 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1546 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1547 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1548 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1549 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1550 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1551 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1552 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1553 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1554 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1555 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1556 }
1557 
1558 static struct sshkey *
1559 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1560 {
1561 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1562 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1563 	int r, i, nkeys;
1564 
1565 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1566 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1567 		    path, ssh_err(r));
1568 
1569 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1570 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1571 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1572 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1573 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1574 		if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1575 			private = keys[i];
1576 			continue;
1577 		}
1578 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1579 	}
1580 	free(keys);
1581 	sshkey_free(public);
1582 	return private;
1583 #else
1584 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1585 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1586 }
1587 
1588 static void
1589 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1590 {
1591 	int r, i, fd;
1592 	u_int n;
1593 	struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1594 	char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1595 	FILE *f;
1596 
1597 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1598 	pkcs11_init(1);
1599 #endif
1600 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1601 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1602 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1603 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1604 	} else
1605 		ca = load_identity(tmp);
1606 	free(tmp);
1607 
1608 	if (key_type_name != NULL &&
1609 	    sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type)  {
1610 		fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1611 		    sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1612 	}
1613 
1614 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1615 		/* Split list of principals */
1616 		n = 0;
1617 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1618 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1619 			plist = NULL;
1620 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1621 				plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1622 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1623 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1624 			}
1625 			free(otmp);
1626 		}
1627 
1628 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1629 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1630 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1631 			    __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1632 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1633 		    public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1634 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1635 			    __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1636 
1637 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1638 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1639 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1640 			    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1641 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1642 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1643 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1644 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1645 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1646 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1647 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1648 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1649 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1650 		    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1651 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1652 		    &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1653 			fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1654 
1655 		if ((r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name)) != 0)
1656 			fatal("Couldn't certify key %s: %s", tmp, ssh_err(r));
1657 
1658 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1659 			*cp = '\0';
1660 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1661 		free(tmp);
1662 
1663 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1664 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1665 			    strerror(errno));
1666 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1667 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1668 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1669 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1670 			    out, ssh_err(r));
1671 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1672 		fclose(f);
1673 
1674 		if (!quiet) {
1675 			sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1676 			    valid, sizeof(valid));
1677 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1678 			    "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1679 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1680 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1681 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1682 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1683 			    valid);
1684 		}
1685 
1686 		sshkey_free(public);
1687 		free(out);
1688 	}
1689 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1690 	pkcs11_terminate();
1691 #endif
1692 	exit(0);
1693 }
1694 
1695 static u_int64_t
1696 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1697 {
1698 	int64_t mul, secs;
1699 
1700 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1701 
1702 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1703 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1704 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1705 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1706 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1707 }
1708 
1709 static u_int64_t
1710 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1711 {
1712 	struct tm tm;
1713 	time_t tt;
1714 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1715 
1716 	/*
1717 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1718 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1719 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1720 	 */
1721 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1722 	case 8:
1723 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1724 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1725 		break;
1726 	case 14:
1727 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1728 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1729 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1730 		break;
1731 	default:
1732 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1733 	}
1734 
1735 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1736 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1737 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1738 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1739 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1740 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1741 }
1742 
1743 static void
1744 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1745 {
1746 	char *from, *to;
1747 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1748 	int64_t secs;
1749 
1750 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1751 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1752 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1753 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1754 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1755 		/*
1756 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1757 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1758 		 */
1759 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1760 		return;
1761 	}
1762 
1763 	/*
1764 	 * from:to, where
1765 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1766 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1767 	 */
1768 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1769 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1770 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1771 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1772 	*to++ = '\0';
1773 
1774 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1775 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1776 	else
1777 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1778 
1779 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1780 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1781 	else
1782 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1783 
1784 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1785 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1786 	free(from);
1787 }
1788 
1789 static void
1790 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1791 {
1792 	char *val;
1793 
1794 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1795 		certflags_flags = 0;
1796 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1797 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1798 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1799 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1800 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1801 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1802 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1803 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1804 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1805 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1806 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1807 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1808 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1809 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1810 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1811 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1812 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1813 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1814 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1815 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1816 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1817 		val = opt + 14;
1818 		if (*val == '\0')
1819 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1820 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1821 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1822 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1823 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1824 		val = opt + 15;
1825 		if (*val == '\0')
1826 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1827 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1828 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1829 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1830 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1831 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1832 	} else
1833 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1834 }
1835 
1836 static void
1837 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1838 {
1839 	char *name, *arg;
1840 	struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1841 	int r;
1842 
1843 	if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1844 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1845 	while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1846 		sshbuf_free(option);
1847 		option = NULL;
1848 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1849 		    (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1850 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1851 		printf("                %s", name);
1852 		if (!in_critical &&
1853 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1854 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1855 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1856 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1857 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1858 			printf("\n");
1859 		else if (in_critical &&
1860 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1861 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1862 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1863 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1864 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1865 			printf(" %s\n", arg);
1866 			free(arg);
1867 		} else {
1868 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1869 			    sshbuf_len(option));
1870 			sshbuf_reset(option);
1871 		}
1872 		free(name);
1873 		if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1874 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1875 	}
1876 	sshbuf_free(option);
1877 	sshbuf_free(options);
1878 }
1879 
1880 static void
1881 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
1882 {
1883 	char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1884 	u_int i;
1885 
1886 	key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1887 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1888 	    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1889 	if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1890 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1891 	sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
1892 
1893 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1894 	    sshkey_cert_type(key));
1895 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1896 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1897 	    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1898 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1899 	printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1900 	printf("        Valid: %s\n", valid);
1901 	printf("        Principals: ");
1902 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1903 		printf("(none)\n");
1904 	else {
1905 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1906 			printf("\n                %s",
1907 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1908 		printf("\n");
1909 	}
1910 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1911 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1912 		printf("(none)\n");
1913 	else {
1914 		printf("\n");
1915 		show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1916 	}
1917 	printf("        Extensions: ");
1918 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1919 		printf("(none)\n");
1920 	else {
1921 		printf("\n");
1922 		show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
1923 	}
1924 }
1925 
1926 static void
1927 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1928 {
1929 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1930 	struct stat st;
1931 	int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
1932 	FILE *f;
1933 	char *cp, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1934 	const char *path;
1935 	u_long lnum = 0;
1936 
1937 	if (!have_identity)
1938 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1939 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1940 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1941 
1942 	path = identity_file;
1943 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1944 		f = stdin;
1945 		path = "(stdin)";
1946 		is_stdin = 1;
1947 	} else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1948 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1949 
1950 	while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
1951 		sshkey_free(key);
1952 		key = NULL;
1953 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
1954 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1955 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
1956 			continue;
1957 		if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
1958 			fatal("key_new");
1959 		if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
1960 			error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
1961 			    lnum, ssh_err(r));
1962 			continue;
1963 		}
1964 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
1965 			error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
1966 			continue;
1967 		}
1968 		ok = 1;
1969 		if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
1970 			printf("%s:\n", path);
1971 		else
1972 			printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
1973 		print_cert(key);
1974 	}
1975 	sshkey_free(key);
1976 	fclose(f);
1977 	exit(ok ? 0 : 1);
1978 }
1979 
1980 static void
1981 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1982 {
1983 	struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1984 	int r, fd;
1985 
1986 	if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1987 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1988 	if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1989 		fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1990 	if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1991 		fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1992 	close(fd);
1993 	/* XXX check sigs */
1994 	if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1995 	    *krlp == NULL)
1996 		fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1997 	sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1998 }
1999 
2000 static void
2001 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
2002     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
2003 {
2004 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2005 	u_long lnum = 0;
2006 	char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
2007 	unsigned long long serial, serial2;
2008 	int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
2009 	FILE *krl_spec;
2010 
2011 	path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2012 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2013 		krl_spec = stdin;
2014 		free(path);
2015 		path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2016 	} else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2017 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2018 
2019 	if (!quiet)
2020 		printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2021 	while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
2022 	    &lnum) == 0) {
2023 		was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
2024 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2025 		/* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2026 		for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2027 			if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2028 				cp[i] = '\0';
2029 				break;
2030 			}
2031 			if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2032 				/* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2033 				if (r == -1)
2034 					r = i;
2035 			} else
2036 				r = -1;
2037 		}
2038 		if (r != -1)
2039 			cp[r] = '\0';
2040 		if (*cp == '\0')
2041 			continue;
2042 		if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2043 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2044 				fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2045 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2046 			}
2047 			cp += 7;
2048 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2049 			errno = 0;
2050 			serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2051 			if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2052 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2053 				    path, lnum, cp);
2054 			if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2055 				fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2056 				    path, lnum);
2057 			serial2 = serial;
2058 			if (*ep == '-') {
2059 				cp = ep + 1;
2060 				errno = 0;
2061 				serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2062 				if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2063 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2064 					    path, lnum, cp);
2065 				if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2066 					fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2067 					    path, lnum);
2068 				if (serial2 <= serial)
2069 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2070 					    "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2071 					    (unsigned long long)serial,
2072 					    (unsigned long long)serial2);
2073 			}
2074 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2075 			    ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2076 				fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2077 				    __func__);
2078 			}
2079 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2080 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2081 				fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2082 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2083 			}
2084 			cp += 3;
2085 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2086 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2087 				fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2088 		} else {
2089 			if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2090 				cp += 4;
2091 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2092 				was_explicit_key = 1;
2093 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2094 				cp += 5;
2095 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2096 				was_sha1 = 1;
2097 			} else {
2098 				/*
2099 				 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2100 				 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2101 				 */
2102 			}
2103 			if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2104 				fatal("key_new");
2105 			if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2106 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2107 				    path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2108 			if (was_explicit_key)
2109 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2110 			else if (was_sha1)
2111 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2112 			else
2113 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2114 			if (r != 0)
2115 				fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2116 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2117 			sshkey_free(key);
2118 		}
2119 	}
2120 	if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2121 		fclose(krl_spec);
2122 	free(path);
2123 }
2124 
2125 static void
2126 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2127 {
2128 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2129 	struct stat sb;
2130 	struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2131 	int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2132 	char *tmp;
2133 	struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2134 
2135 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2136 		fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2137 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2138 		if (errno != ENOENT)
2139 			fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2140 			    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2141 		if (updating)
2142 			fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2143 	}
2144 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2145 		if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2146 			wild_ca = 1;
2147 		else {
2148 			tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2149 			if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2150 				fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2151 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
2152 			free(tmp);
2153 		}
2154 	}
2155 
2156 	if (updating)
2157 		load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2158 	else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2159 		fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2160 
2161 	if (cert_serial != 0)
2162 		ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2163 	if (identity_comment != NULL)
2164 		ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2165 
2166 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2167 		update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2168 
2169 	if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2170 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2171 	if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2172 		fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2173 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2174 		fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2175 	if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2176 	    sshbuf_len(kbuf))
2177 		fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2178 	close(fd);
2179 	sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2180 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2181 	sshkey_free(ca);
2182 }
2183 
2184 static void
2185 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2186 {
2187 	int i, r, ret = 0;
2188 	char *comment;
2189 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2190 	struct sshkey *k;
2191 
2192 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2193 		fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2194 	load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2195 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2196 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2197 			fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2198 			    argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2199 		r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2200 		printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2201 		    *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2202 		    r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2203 		if (r != 0)
2204 			ret = 1;
2205 		sshkey_free(k);
2206 		free(comment);
2207 	}
2208 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2209 	exit(ret);
2210 }
2211 
2212 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
2213 # define RSA1_USAGE " | rsa1"
2214 #else
2215 # define RSA1_USAGE ""
2216 #endif
2217 
2218 static void
2219 usage(void)
2220 {
2221 	fprintf(stderr,
2222 	    "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa%s]\n"
2223 	    "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2224 	    "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2225 	    "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2226 	    "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2227 	    "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2228 	    "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2229 	    "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2230 	    "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n", RSA1_USAGE);
2231 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2232 	fprintf(stderr,
2233 	    "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2234 #endif
2235 	fprintf(stderr,
2236 	    "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2237 	    "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2238 	    "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2239 	    "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2240 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2241 	    "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2242 	    "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2243 	    "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2244 #endif
2245 	    "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2246 	    "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2247 	    "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2248 	    "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2249 	    "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2250 	    "                  file ...\n"
2251 	    "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2252 	exit(1);
2253 }
2254 
2255 /*
2256  * Main program for key management.
2257  */
2258 int
2259 main(int argc, char **argv)
2260 {
2261 	char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2262 	char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2263 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
2264 	struct passwd *pw;
2265 	struct stat st;
2266 	int r, opt, type, fd;
2267 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2268 	FILE *f;
2269 	const char *errstr;
2270 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2271 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2272 	char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2273 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2274 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2275 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2276 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2277 #endif
2278 
2279 	extern int optind;
2280 	extern char *optarg;
2281 
2282 	ssh_malloc_init();	/* must be called before any mallocs */
2283 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2284 	sanitise_stdfd();
2285 
2286 	__progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2287 
2288 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2289 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2290 #endif
2291 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2292 
2293 	seed_rng();
2294 
2295 	msetlocale();
2296 
2297 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2298 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2299 	if (!pw)
2300 		fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2301 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2302 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2303 
2304 	/* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2305 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2306 	    "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2307 	    "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2308 		switch (opt) {
2309 		case 'A':
2310 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2311 			break;
2312 		case 'b':
2313 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2314 			if (errstr)
2315 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2316 					optarg, errstr);
2317 			break;
2318 		case 'E':
2319 			fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2320 			if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2321 				fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2322 			break;
2323 		case 'F':
2324 			find_host = 1;
2325 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2326 			break;
2327 		case 'H':
2328 			hash_hosts = 1;
2329 			break;
2330 		case 'I':
2331 			cert_key_id = optarg;
2332 			break;
2333 		case 'R':
2334 			delete_host = 1;
2335 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2336 			break;
2337 		case 'L':
2338 			show_cert = 1;
2339 			break;
2340 		case 'l':
2341 			print_fingerprint = 1;
2342 			break;
2343 		case 'B':
2344 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
2345 			break;
2346 		case 'm':
2347 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2348 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2349 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2350 				break;
2351 			}
2352 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2353 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2354 				break;
2355 			}
2356 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2357 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2358 				break;
2359 			}
2360 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2361 		case 'n':
2362 			cert_principals = optarg;
2363 			break;
2364 		case 'o':
2365 			use_new_format = 1;
2366 			break;
2367 		case 'p':
2368 			change_passphrase = 1;
2369 			break;
2370 		case 'c':
2371 			change_comment = 1;
2372 			break;
2373 		case 'f':
2374 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2375 			    sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2376 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
2377 			have_identity = 1;
2378 			break;
2379 		case 'g':
2380 			print_generic = 1;
2381 			break;
2382 		case 'P':
2383 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
2384 			break;
2385 		case 'N':
2386 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2387 			break;
2388 		case 'Q':
2389 			check_krl = 1;
2390 			break;
2391 		case 'O':
2392 			add_cert_option(optarg);
2393 			break;
2394 		case 'Z':
2395 			new_format_cipher = optarg;
2396 			break;
2397 		case 'C':
2398 			identity_comment = optarg;
2399 			break;
2400 		case 'q':
2401 			quiet = 1;
2402 			break;
2403 		case 'e':
2404 		case 'x':
2405 			/* export key */
2406 			convert_to = 1;
2407 			break;
2408 		case 'h':
2409 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2410 			certflags_flags = 0;
2411 			break;
2412 		case 'k':
2413 			gen_krl = 1;
2414 			break;
2415 		case 'i':
2416 		case 'X':
2417 			/* import key */
2418 			convert_from = 1;
2419 			break;
2420 		case 'y':
2421 			print_public = 1;
2422 			break;
2423 		case 's':
2424 			ca_key_path = optarg;
2425 			break;
2426 		case 't':
2427 			key_type_name = optarg;
2428 			break;
2429 		case 'D':
2430 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
2431 			break;
2432 		case 'u':
2433 			update_krl = 1;
2434 			break;
2435 		case 'v':
2436 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2437 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2438 			else {
2439 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2440 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2441 					log_level++;
2442 			}
2443 			break;
2444 		case 'r':
2445 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2446 			break;
2447 		case 'a':
2448 			rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2449 			if (errstr)
2450 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2451 					optarg, errstr);
2452 			break;
2453 		case 'V':
2454 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
2455 			break;
2456 		case 'z':
2457 			errno = 0;
2458 			cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2459 			if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2460 			    (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2461 				fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2462 			break;
2463 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2464 		/* Moduli generation/screening */
2465 		case 'G':
2466 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
2467 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2468 			    sizeof(out_file))
2469 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2470 			break;
2471 		case 'J':
2472 			lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2473 			break;
2474 		case 'j':
2475 			start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2476 			break;
2477 		case 'K':
2478 			if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2479 				fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2480 			checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2481 			break;
2482 		case 'M':
2483 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX,
2484 			    &errstr);
2485 			if (errstr)
2486 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2487 			break;
2488 		case 'S':
2489 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2490 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2491 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2492 			break;
2493 		case 'T':
2494 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
2495 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2496 			    sizeof(out_file))
2497 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2498 			break;
2499 		case 'W':
2500 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2501 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2502 			if (errstr != NULL)
2503 				fatal("Desired generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2504 				    optarg, errstr);
2505 			break;
2506 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2507 		case '?':
2508 		default:
2509 			usage();
2510 		}
2511 	}
2512 
2513 	/* reinit */
2514 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2515 
2516 	argv += optind;
2517 	argc -= optind;
2518 
2519 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2520 		if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2521 			error("Too few arguments.");
2522 			usage();
2523 		}
2524 	} else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2525 		error("Too many arguments.");
2526 		usage();
2527 	}
2528 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2529 		error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2530 		usage();
2531 	}
2532 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2533 		error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2534 		usage();
2535 	}
2536 	if (gen_krl) {
2537 		do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2538 		return (0);
2539 	}
2540 	if (check_krl) {
2541 		do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2542 		return (0);
2543 	}
2544 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2545 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2546 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2547 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2548 	}
2549 	if (show_cert)
2550 		do_show_cert(pw);
2551 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2552 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2553 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2554 		do_download(pw);
2555 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2556 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2557 	if (change_passphrase)
2558 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2559 	if (change_comment)
2560 		do_change_comment(pw);
2561 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2562 	if (convert_to)
2563 		do_convert_to(pw);
2564 	if (convert_from)
2565 		do_convert_from(pw);
2566 #endif
2567 	if (print_public)
2568 		do_print_public(pw);
2569 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2570 		unsigned int n = 0;
2571 
2572 		if (have_identity) {
2573 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2574 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2575 			if (n == 0)
2576 				fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2577 			exit(0);
2578 		} else {
2579 
2580 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2581 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2582 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2583 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2584 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2585 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2586 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2587 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2588 			if (n == 0)
2589 				fatal("no keys found.");
2590 			exit(0);
2591 		}
2592 	}
2593 
2594 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2595 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2596 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2597 
2598 		if (out == NULL) {
2599 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2600 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2601 			return (1);
2602 		}
2603 		if (bits == 0)
2604 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2605 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2606 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2607 
2608 		return (0);
2609 	}
2610 
2611 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2612 		FILE *in;
2613 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2614 
2615 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2616 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2617 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2618 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2619 				    strerror(errno));
2620 			}
2621 		} else
2622 			in = stdin;
2623 
2624 		if (out == NULL) {
2625 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2626 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2627 		}
2628 		if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2629 		    generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2630 		    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2631 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2632 		return (0);
2633 	}
2634 #endif
2635 
2636 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2637 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2638 		return (0);
2639 	}
2640 
2641 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2642 		key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2643 
2644 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2645 	type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2646 
2647 	if (!quiet)
2648 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2649 		    key_type_name);
2650 	if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2651 		fatal("key_generate failed");
2652 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2653 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2654 
2655 	if (!have_identity)
2656 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2657 
2658 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2659 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2660 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2661 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2662 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2663 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2664 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2665 				    strerror(errno));
2666 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2667 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2668 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2669 			} else if (!quiet)
2670 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2671 		}
2672 	}
2673 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2674 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2675 		char yesno[3];
2676 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2677 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2678 		fflush(stdout);
2679 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2680 			exit(1);
2681 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2682 			exit(1);
2683 	}
2684 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2685 	if (identity_passphrase)
2686 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2687 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2688 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2689 	else {
2690 passphrase_again:
2691 		passphrase1 =
2692 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2693 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2694 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2695 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2696 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2697 			/*
2698 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2699 			 * retry.
2700 			 */
2701 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2702 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2703 			free(passphrase1);
2704 			free(passphrase2);
2705 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2706 			goto passphrase_again;
2707 		}
2708 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2709 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2710 		free(passphrase2);
2711 	}
2712 
2713 	if (identity_comment) {
2714 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2715 	} else {
2716 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2717 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2718 	}
2719 
2720 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2721 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2722 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2723 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2724 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2725 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2726 		free(passphrase1);
2727 		exit(1);
2728 	}
2729 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2730 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2731 	free(passphrase1);
2732 
2733 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2734 	sshkey_free(private);
2735 
2736 	if (!quiet)
2737 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2738 
2739 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2740 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2741 		fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2742 		    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2743 	if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2744 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2745 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2746 		error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2747 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2748 	fclose(f);
2749 
2750 	if (!quiet) {
2751 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2752 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2753 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2754 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2755 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2756 			fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2757 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2758 		    identity_file);
2759 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2760 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2761 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2762 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2763 		free(ra);
2764 		free(fp);
2765 	}
2766 
2767 	sshkey_free(public);
2768 	exit(0);
2769 }
2770