xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c (revision ad30f8e79bd1007cc2476e491bd21b4f5e389e0a)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.197 2010/08/04 06:07:11 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include "includes.h"
16 
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
21 
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
25 
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <fcntl.h>
28 #include <netdb.h>
29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
30 # include <paths.h>
31 #endif
32 #include <pwd.h>
33 #include <stdarg.h>
34 #include <stdio.h>
35 #include <stdlib.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <unistd.h>
38 
39 #include "xmalloc.h"
40 #include "key.h"
41 #include "rsa.h"
42 #include "authfile.h"
43 #include "uuencode.h"
44 #include "buffer.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
46 #include "log.h"
47 #include "misc.h"
48 #include "match.h"
49 #include "hostfile.h"
50 #include "dns.h"
51 #include "ssh2.h"
52 
53 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
54 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
55 #endif
56 
57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
58 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
60 u_int32_t bits = 0;
61 
62 /*
63  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
64  * set on the command line.
65  */
66 int change_passphrase = 0;
67 
68 /*
69  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
70  * on the command line.
71  */
72 int change_comment = 0;
73 
74 int quiet = 0;
75 
76 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
77 
78 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
79 int hash_hosts = 0;
80 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
81 int find_host = 0;
82 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
83 int delete_host = 0;
84 
85 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
86 int show_cert = 0;
87 
88 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
89 int print_fingerprint = 0;
90 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
91 
92 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
93 char identity_file[1024];
94 int have_identity = 0;
95 
96 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
97 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
98 
99 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
100 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
101 
102 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
103 char *identity_comment = NULL;
104 
105 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
106 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
107 
108 /* Certificate serial number */
109 long long cert_serial = 0;
110 
111 /* Key type when certifying */
112 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
113 
114 /* "key ID" of signed key */
115 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
116 
117 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
118 char *cert_principals = NULL;
119 
120 /* Validity period for certificates */
121 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
122 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
123 
124 /* Certificate options */
125 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
126 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
127 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
128 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
129 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
130 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
131 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
132 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
133 char *certflags_command = NULL;
134 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
135 
136 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
137 int convert_to = 0;
138 int convert_from = 0;
139 enum {
140 	FMT_RFC4716,
141 	FMT_PKCS8,
142 	FMT_PEM
143 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
144 int print_public = 0;
145 int print_generic = 0;
146 
147 char *key_type_name = NULL;
148 
149 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
150 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
151 
152 /* argv0 */
153 extern char *__progname;
154 
155 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
156 
157 /* moduli.c */
158 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
159 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
160 
161 static void
162 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
163 {
164 	char buf[1024];
165 	char *name = NULL;
166 
167 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
168 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
169 	else {
170 		switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
171 		case KEY_RSA1:
172 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
173 			break;
174 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
175 		case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
176 		case KEY_DSA:
177 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
178 			break;
179 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
180 		case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
181 		case KEY_RSA:
182 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
183 			break;
184 		default:
185 			fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
186 			exit(1);
187 			break;
188 		}
189 	}
190 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
191 	fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
192 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
193 		exit(1);
194 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
195 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
196 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
197 	have_identity = 1;
198 }
199 
200 static Key *
201 load_identity(char *filename)
202 {
203 	char *pass;
204 	Key *prv;
205 
206 	prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
207 	if (prv == NULL) {
208 		if (identity_passphrase)
209 			pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
210 		else
211 			pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
212 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
213 		prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
214 		memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
215 		xfree(pass);
216 	}
217 	return prv;
218 }
219 
220 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
221 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
222 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
223 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
224 
225 static void
226 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
227 {
228 	u_int len;
229 	u_char *blob;
230 	char comment[61];
231 
232 	if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
233 		fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
234 		exit(1);
235 	}
236 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
237 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
238 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
239 	    key_size(k), key_type(k),
240 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
241 
242 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
243 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
244 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
245 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
246 	key_free(k);
247 	xfree(blob);
248 	exit(0);
249 }
250 
251 static void
252 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
253 {
254 	switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
255 	case KEY_RSA:
256 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
257 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
258 		break;
259 	case KEY_DSA:
260 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
261 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
262 		break;
263 	default:
264 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
265 	}
266 	exit(0);
267 }
268 
269 static void
270 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
271 {
272 	switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
273 	case KEY_RSA:
274 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
275 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
276 		break;
277 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
278 	case KEY_DSA:
279 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
280 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
281 		break;
282 #endif
283 	default:
284 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
285 	}
286 	exit(0);
287 }
288 
289 static void
290 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
291 {
292 	Key *k;
293 	struct stat st;
294 
295 	if (!have_identity)
296 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
297 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
298 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
299 	if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
300 		if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
301 			fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
302 			exit(1);
303 		}
304 	}
305 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
306 		fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
307 		exit(1);
308 	}
309 
310 	switch (convert_format) {
311 	case FMT_RFC4716:
312 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
313 		break;
314 	case FMT_PKCS8:
315 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
316 		break;
317 	case FMT_PEM:
318 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
319 		break;
320 	default:
321 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
322 	}
323 	exit(0);
324 }
325 
326 static void
327 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
328 {
329 	u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
330 	u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
331 
332 	if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
333 		fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
334 		    "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
335 	if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
336 		fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
337 	buffer_consume(b, bytes);
338 }
339 
340 static Key *
341 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
342 {
343 	Buffer b;
344 	Key *key = NULL;
345 	char *type, *cipher;
346 	u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
347 	int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
348 	u_int slen;
349 	u_long e;
350 
351 	buffer_init(&b);
352 	buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
353 
354 	magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
355 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
356 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
357 		buffer_free(&b);
358 		return NULL;
359 	}
360 	i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
361 	type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
362 	cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
363 	i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
364 	i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
365 	i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
366 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
367 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
368 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
369 		xfree(cipher);
370 		buffer_free(&b);
371 		xfree(type);
372 		return NULL;
373 	}
374 	xfree(cipher);
375 
376 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
377 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
378 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
379 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
380 	} else {
381 		buffer_free(&b);
382 		xfree(type);
383 		return NULL;
384 	}
385 	key = key_new_private(ktype);
386 	xfree(type);
387 
388 	switch (key->type) {
389 	case KEY_DSA:
390 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
391 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
392 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
393 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
394 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
395 		break;
396 	case KEY_RSA:
397 		e = buffer_get_char(&b);
398 		debug("e %lx", e);
399 		if (e < 30) {
400 			e <<= 8;
401 			e += buffer_get_char(&b);
402 			debug("e %lx", e);
403 			e <<= 8;
404 			e += buffer_get_char(&b);
405 			debug("e %lx", e);
406 		}
407 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
408 			buffer_free(&b);
409 			key_free(key);
410 			return NULL;
411 		}
412 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
413 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
414 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
415 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
416 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
417 		rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
418 		break;
419 	}
420 	rlen = buffer_len(&b);
421 	if (rlen != 0)
422 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
423 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
424 	buffer_free(&b);
425 
426 	/* try the key */
427 	key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
428 	key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
429 	xfree(sig);
430 	return key;
431 }
432 
433 static int
434 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
435 {
436 	int c;
437 	size_t pos = 0;
438 
439 	line[0] = '\0';
440 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
441 		if (pos >= len - 1) {
442 			fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
443 			exit(1);
444 		}
445 		switch (c) {
446 		case '\r':
447 			c = fgetc(fp);
448 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
449 				fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
450 				exit(1);
451 			}
452 			return pos;
453 		case '\n':
454 			return pos;
455 		}
456 		line[pos++] = c;
457 		line[pos] = '\0';
458 	}
459 	/* We reached EOF */
460 	return -1;
461 }
462 
463 static void
464 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
465 {
466 	int blen;
467 	u_int len;
468 	char line[1024];
469 	u_char blob[8096];
470 	char encoded[8096];
471 	int escaped = 0;
472 	FILE *fp;
473 
474 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
475 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
476 	encoded[0] = '\0';
477 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
478 		if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
479 			escaped++;
480 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
481 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
482 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
483 				*private = 1;
484 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
485 				break;
486 			}
487 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
488 			continue;
489 		}
490 		if (escaped) {
491 			escaped--;
492 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
493 			continue;
494 		}
495 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
496 	}
497 	len = strlen(encoded);
498 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
499 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
500 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
501 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
502 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
503 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
504 	if (blen < 0) {
505 		fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
506 		exit(1);
507 	}
508 	*k = *private ?
509 	    do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
510 	    key_from_blob(blob, blen);
511 	if (*k == NULL) {
512 		fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
513 		exit(1);
514 	}
515 	fclose(fp);
516 }
517 
518 static void
519 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
520 {
521 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
522 	FILE *fp;
523 
524 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
525 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
526 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
527 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
528 		    identity_file);
529 	}
530 	fclose(fp);
531 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
532 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
533 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
534 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
535 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
536 		break;
537 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
538 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
539 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
540 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
541 		break;
542 	default:
543 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
544 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
545 	}
546 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
547 	return;
548 }
549 
550 static void
551 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
552 {
553 	FILE *fp;
554 	RSA *rsa;
555 #ifdef notyet
556 	DSA *dsa;
557 #endif
558 
559 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
560 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
561 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
562 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
563 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
564 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
565 		fclose(fp);
566 		return;
567 	}
568 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
569 	rewind(fp);
570 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
571 		*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
572 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
573 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
574 		fclose(fp);
575 		return;
576 	}
577 #endif
578 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
579 }
580 
581 static void
582 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
583 {
584 	Key *k = NULL;
585 	int private = 0, ok = 0;
586 	struct stat st;
587 
588 	if (!have_identity)
589 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
590 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
591 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
592 
593 	switch (convert_format) {
594 	case FMT_RFC4716:
595 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
596 		break;
597 	case FMT_PKCS8:
598 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
599 		break;
600 	case FMT_PEM:
601 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
602 		break;
603 	default:
604 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
605 	}
606 
607 	if (!private)
608 		ok = key_write(k, stdout);
609 		if (ok)
610 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
611 	else {
612 		switch (k->type) {
613 		case KEY_DSA:
614 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
615 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
616 			break;
617 		case KEY_RSA:
618 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
619 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
620 			break;
621 		default:
622 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
623 			    key_type(k));
624 		}
625 	}
626 
627 	if (!ok) {
628 		fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
629 		exit(1);
630 	}
631 	key_free(k);
632 	exit(0);
633 }
634 
635 static void
636 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
637 {
638 	Key *prv;
639 	struct stat st;
640 
641 	if (!have_identity)
642 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
643 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
644 		perror(identity_file);
645 		exit(1);
646 	}
647 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
648 	if (prv == NULL) {
649 		fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
650 		exit(1);
651 	}
652 	if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
653 		fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
654 	key_free(prv);
655 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
656 	exit(0);
657 }
658 
659 static void
660 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
661 {
662 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
663 	Key **keys = NULL;
664 	int i, nkeys;
665 
666 	pkcs11_init(0);
667 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
668 	if (nkeys <= 0)
669 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
670 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
671 		key_write(keys[i], stdout);
672 		key_free(keys[i]);
673 		fprintf(stdout, "\n");
674 	}
675 	xfree(keys);
676 	pkcs11_terminate();
677 	exit(0);
678 #else
679 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
680 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
681 }
682 
683 static void
684 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
685 {
686 	FILE *f;
687 	Key *public;
688 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
689 	int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
690 	enum fp_rep rep;
691 	enum fp_type fptype;
692 	struct stat st;
693 
694 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
695 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
696 
697 	if (!have_identity)
698 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
699 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
700 		perror(identity_file);
701 		exit(1);
702 	}
703 	public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
704 	if (public != NULL) {
705 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
706 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
707 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
708 		    key_type(public));
709 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
710 			printf("%s\n", ra);
711 		key_free(public);
712 		xfree(comment);
713 		xfree(ra);
714 		xfree(fp);
715 		exit(0);
716 	}
717 	if (comment) {
718 		xfree(comment);
719 		comment = NULL;
720 	}
721 
722 	if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
723 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
724 
725 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
726 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
727 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
728 			    num + 1, line);
729 			skip = 1;
730 			continue;
731 		}
732 		num++;
733 		if (skip) {
734 			skip = 0;
735 			continue;
736 		}
737 		*cp = '\0';
738 
739 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
740 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
741 			;
742 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
743 			continue;
744 		i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
745 		if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
746 			int quoted = 0;
747 			comment = cp;
748 			for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
749 			    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
750 				if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
751 					cp++;	/* Skip both */
752 				else if (*cp == '"')
753 					quoted = !quoted;
754 			}
755 			if (!*cp)
756 				continue;
757 			*cp++ = '\0';
758 		}
759 		ep = cp;
760 		public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
761 		if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
762 			cp = ep;
763 			key_free(public);
764 			public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
765 			if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
766 				key_free(public);
767 				continue;
768 			}
769 		}
770 		comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
771 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
772 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
773 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
774 		    comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
775 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
776 			printf("%s\n", ra);
777 		xfree(ra);
778 		xfree(fp);
779 		key_free(public);
780 		invalid = 0;
781 	}
782 	fclose(f);
783 
784 	if (invalid) {
785 		printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
786 		exit(1);
787 	}
788 	exit(0);
789 }
790 
791 static void
792 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
793 {
794 	if (print_fingerprint) {
795 		enum fp_rep rep;
796 		enum fp_type fptype;
797 		char *fp, *ra;
798 
799 		fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
800 		rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
801 		fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
802 		ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
803 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
804 		    key_type(public));
805 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
806 			printf("%s\n", ra);
807 		xfree(ra);
808 		xfree(fp);
809 	} else {
810 		if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
811 			fatal("hash_host failed");
812 		fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
813 		if (!key_write(public, f))
814 			fatal("key_write failed");
815 		fprintf(f, "\n");
816 	}
817 }
818 
819 static void
820 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
821 {
822 	FILE *in, *out = stdout;
823 	Key *pub;
824 	char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
825 	char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
826 	int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
827 	int ca;
828 
829 	if (!have_identity) {
830 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
831 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
832 		    sizeof(identity_file))
833 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
834 		xfree(cp);
835 		have_identity = 1;
836 	}
837 	if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
838 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
839 
840 	/*
841 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
842 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
843 	 */
844 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
845 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
846 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
847 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
848 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
849 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
850 		umask(077);
851 		if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
852 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
853 		if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
854 			c = errno;
855 			unlink(tmp);
856 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
857 		}
858 		inplace = 1;
859 	}
860 
861 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
862 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
863 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
864 			skip = 1;
865 			invalid = 1;
866 			continue;
867 		}
868 		num++;
869 		if (skip) {
870 			skip = 0;
871 			continue;
872 		}
873 		*cp = '\0';
874 
875 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
876 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
877 			;
878 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
879 			if (inplace)
880 				fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
881 			continue;
882 		}
883 		/* Check whether this is a CA key */
884 		if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
885 		    (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
886 		    cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
887 			ca = 1;
888 			cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
889 		} else
890 			ca = 0;
891 
892 		/* Find the end of the host name portion. */
893 		for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
894 			;
895 
896 		if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
897 			error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
898 			    num, line);
899 			invalid = 1;
900 			continue;
901 		}
902 		*kp++ = '\0';
903 		kp2 = kp;
904 
905 		pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
906 		if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
907 			kp = kp2;
908 			key_free(pub);
909 			pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
910 			if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
911 				error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
912 				    num, line);
913 				key_free(pub);
914 				invalid = 1;
915 				continue;
916 			}
917 		}
918 
919 		if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
920 			if (find_host || delete_host) {
921 				cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
922 				if (cp2 == NULL) {
923 					error("line %d: invalid hashed "
924 					    "name: %.64s...", num, line);
925 					invalid = 1;
926 					continue;
927 				}
928 				c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
929 				if (find_host && c) {
930 					printf("# Host %s found: "
931 					    "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
932 					    num, key_type(pub),
933 					    ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
934 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
935 				}
936 				if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
937 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
938 			} else if (hash_hosts)
939 				printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
940 		} else {
941 			if (find_host || delete_host) {
942 				c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
943 				    strlen(cp)) == 1);
944 				if (find_host && c) {
945 					printf("# Host %s found: "
946 					    "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
947 					    num, key_type(pub),
948 					    ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
949 					printhost(out, name, pub,
950 					    ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
951 				}
952 				if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
953 					printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
954 			} else if (hash_hosts) {
955 				for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
956 				    cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
957 				    cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
958 					if (ca) {
959 						fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
960 						    "ignoring CA key for host: "
961 						    "%.64s\n", cp2);
962 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
963 					} else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
964 					    strlen(cp2)) {
965 						fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
966 						    "ignoring host name with "
967 						    "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
968 						    cp2);
969 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
970 					} else
971 						printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
972 				}
973 				has_unhashed = 1;
974 			}
975 		}
976 		key_free(pub);
977 	}
978 	fclose(in);
979 
980 	if (invalid) {
981 		fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
982 		    identity_file);
983 		if (inplace) {
984 			fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
985 			    "file because of errors\n");
986 			fclose(out);
987 			unlink(tmp);
988 		}
989 		exit(1);
990 	}
991 
992 	if (inplace) {
993 		fclose(out);
994 
995 		/* Backup existing file */
996 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
997 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
998 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
999 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1000 			    strerror(errno));
1001 		/* Move new one into place */
1002 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1003 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1004 			    strerror(errno));
1005 			unlink(tmp);
1006 			unlink(old);
1007 			exit(1);
1008 		}
1009 
1010 		fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1011 		fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1012 		if (has_unhashed) {
1013 			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1014 			    "entries\n", old);
1015 			fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1016 			    "of hostnames\n");
1017 		}
1018 	}
1019 
1020 	exit(0);
1021 }
1022 
1023 /*
1024  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1025  * for the current user.
1026  */
1027 static void
1028 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1029 {
1030 	char *comment;
1031 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1032 	struct stat st;
1033 	Key *private;
1034 
1035 	if (!have_identity)
1036 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1037 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1038 		perror(identity_file);
1039 		exit(1);
1040 	}
1041 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1042 	private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1043 	if (private == NULL) {
1044 		if (identity_passphrase)
1045 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1046 		else
1047 			old_passphrase =
1048 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1049 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1050 		private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1051 		    &comment);
1052 		memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1053 		xfree(old_passphrase);
1054 		if (private == NULL) {
1055 			printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1056 			exit(1);
1057 		}
1058 	}
1059 	printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1060 
1061 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1062 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1063 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1064 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1065 	} else {
1066 		passphrase1 =
1067 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1068 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1069 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1070 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1071 
1072 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1073 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1074 			memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1075 			memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1076 			xfree(passphrase1);
1077 			xfree(passphrase2);
1078 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1079 			exit(1);
1080 		}
1081 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1082 		memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1083 		xfree(passphrase2);
1084 	}
1085 
1086 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1087 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1088 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1089 		memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1090 		xfree(passphrase1);
1091 		key_free(private);
1092 		xfree(comment);
1093 		exit(1);
1094 	}
1095 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1096 	memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1097 	xfree(passphrase1);
1098 	key_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1099 	xfree(comment);
1100 
1101 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1102 	exit(0);
1103 }
1104 
1105 /*
1106  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1107  */
1108 static int
1109 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1110 {
1111 	Key *public;
1112 	char *comment = NULL;
1113 	struct stat st;
1114 
1115 	if (fname == NULL)
1116 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1117 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1118 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1119 			return 0;
1120 		perror(fname);
1121 		exit(1);
1122 	}
1123 	public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1124 	if (public != NULL) {
1125 		export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1126 		key_free(public);
1127 		xfree(comment);
1128 		return 1;
1129 	}
1130 	if (comment)
1131 		xfree(comment);
1132 
1133 	printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1134 	exit(1);
1135 }
1136 
1137 /*
1138  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1139  */
1140 static void
1141 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1142 {
1143 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1144 	Key *private;
1145 	Key *public;
1146 	struct stat st;
1147 	FILE *f;
1148 	int fd;
1149 
1150 	if (!have_identity)
1151 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1152 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1153 		perror(identity_file);
1154 		exit(1);
1155 	}
1156 	private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1157 	if (private == NULL) {
1158 		if (identity_passphrase)
1159 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1160 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1161 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1162 		else
1163 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1164 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1165 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1166 		private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1167 		if (private == NULL) {
1168 			memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1169 			xfree(passphrase);
1170 			printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1171 			exit(1);
1172 		}
1173 	} else {
1174 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1175 	}
1176 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1177 		fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1178 		key_free(private);
1179 		exit(1);
1180 	}
1181 	printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1182 
1183 	if (identity_comment) {
1184 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1185 	} else {
1186 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1187 		fflush(stdout);
1188 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1189 			memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1190 			key_free(private);
1191 			exit(1);
1192 		}
1193 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1194 	}
1195 
1196 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1197 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1198 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1199 		memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1200 		xfree(passphrase);
1201 		key_free(private);
1202 		xfree(comment);
1203 		exit(1);
1204 	}
1205 	memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1206 	xfree(passphrase);
1207 	public = key_from_private(private);
1208 	key_free(private);
1209 
1210 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1211 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1212 	if (fd == -1) {
1213 		printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1214 		exit(1);
1215 	}
1216 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1217 	if (f == NULL) {
1218 		printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1219 		exit(1);
1220 	}
1221 	if (!key_write(public, f))
1222 		fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1223 	key_free(public);
1224 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1225 	fclose(f);
1226 
1227 	xfree(comment);
1228 
1229 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1230 	exit(0);
1231 }
1232 
1233 static const char *
1234 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1235 {
1236 	char from[32], to[32];
1237 	static char ret[64];
1238 	time_t tt;
1239 	struct tm *tm;
1240 
1241 	*from = *to = '\0';
1242 	if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1243 		return "forever";
1244 
1245 	if (valid_from != 0) {
1246 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1247 		tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1248 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1249 		strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1250 	}
1251 	if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1252 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1253 		tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1254 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1255 		strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1256 	}
1257 
1258 	if (valid_from == 0) {
1259 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1260 		return ret;
1261 	}
1262 	if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1263 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1264 		return ret;
1265 	}
1266 
1267 	snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1268 	return ret;
1269 }
1270 
1271 static void
1272 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1273 {
1274 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1275 	buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1276 	buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1277 }
1278 
1279 static void
1280 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1281 {
1282 	Buffer b;
1283 
1284 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1285 	buffer_init(&b);
1286 	buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1287 
1288 	buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1289 	buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1290 
1291 	buffer_free(&b);
1292 }
1293 
1294 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1295 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1296 static void
1297 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1298 {
1299 	buffer_clear(c);
1300 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1301 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1302 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1303 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1304 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1305 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1306 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1307 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1308 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1309 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1310 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1311 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1312 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1313 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1314 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1315 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1316 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1317 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1318 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1319 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1320 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1321 }
1322 
1323 static Key *
1324 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1325 {
1326 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1327 	Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1328 	int i, nkeys;
1329 
1330 	if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1331 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1332 
1333 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1334 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1335 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1336 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1337 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1338 		if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1339 			private = keys[i];
1340 			continue;
1341 		}
1342 		key_free(keys[i]);
1343 	}
1344 	xfree(keys);
1345 	key_free(public);
1346 	return private;
1347 #else
1348 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1349 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1350 }
1351 
1352 static void
1353 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1354 {
1355 	int i, fd;
1356 	u_int n;
1357 	Key *ca, *public;
1358 	char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1359 	FILE *f;
1360 	int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1361 
1362 	if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1363 		switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1364 		case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1365 		case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1366 			v00 = 1;
1367 			break;
1368 		case KEY_UNSPEC:
1369 			if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1370 				v00 = 1;
1371 				break;
1372 			} else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1373 				break;
1374 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1375 		default:
1376 			fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1377 			exit(1);
1378 		}
1379 	}
1380 
1381 	pkcs11_init(1);
1382 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1383 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1384 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1385 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1386 	} else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1387 		fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1388 	xfree(tmp);
1389 
1390 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1391 		/* Split list of principals */
1392 		n = 0;
1393 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1394 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1395 			plist = NULL;
1396 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1397 				plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1398 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1399 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1400 			}
1401 			xfree(otmp);
1402 		}
1403 
1404 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1405 		if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1406 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1407 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA)
1408 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1409 			    __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1410 
1411 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1412 		if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1413 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1414 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1415 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1416 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1417 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1418 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1419 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1420 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1421 		if (v00) {
1422 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1423 			    OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1424 		} else {
1425 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1426 			    OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1427 			prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1428 			    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1429 		}
1430 		public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1431 
1432 		if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1433 			fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1434 
1435 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1436 			*cp = '\0';
1437 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1438 		xfree(tmp);
1439 
1440 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1441 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1442 			    strerror(errno));
1443 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1444 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1445 		if (!key_write(public, f))
1446 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1447 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1448 		fclose(f);
1449 
1450 		if (!quiet) {
1451 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1452 			    "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1453 			    out, public->cert->key_id, public->cert->serial,
1454 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1455 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1456 			    fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1457 		}
1458 
1459 		key_free(public);
1460 		xfree(out);
1461 	}
1462 	pkcs11_terminate();
1463 	exit(0);
1464 }
1465 
1466 static u_int64_t
1467 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1468 {
1469 	int64_t mul, secs;
1470 
1471 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1472 
1473 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1474 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1475 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1476 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1477 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1478 }
1479 
1480 static u_int64_t
1481 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1482 {
1483 	struct tm tm;
1484 	time_t tt;
1485 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1486 
1487 	/*
1488 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1489 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1490 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1491 	 */
1492 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1493 	case 8:
1494 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1495 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1496 		break;
1497 	case 14:
1498 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1499 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1500 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1501 		break;
1502 	default:
1503 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1504 	}
1505 
1506 	bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1507 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1508 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1509 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1510 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1511 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1512 }
1513 
1514 static void
1515 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1516 {
1517 	char *from, *to;
1518 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1519 	int64_t secs;
1520 
1521 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1522 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1523 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1524 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1525 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1526 		/*
1527 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1528 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1529 		 */
1530 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1531 		return;
1532 	}
1533 
1534 	/*
1535 	 * from:to, where
1536 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1537 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1538 	 */
1539 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1540 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1541 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1542 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1543 	*to++ = '\0';
1544 
1545 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1546 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1547 	else
1548 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1549 
1550 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1551 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1552 	else
1553 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1554 
1555 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1556 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1557 	xfree(from);
1558 }
1559 
1560 static void
1561 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1562 {
1563 	char *val;
1564 
1565 	if (strcmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1566 		certflags_flags = 0;
1567 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1568 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1569 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1570 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1571 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1572 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1573 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1574 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1575 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1576 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1577 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1578 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1579 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1580 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1581 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1582 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1583 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1584 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1585 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1586 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1587 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1588 		val = opt + 14;
1589 		if (*val == '\0')
1590 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1591 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1592 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1593 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1594 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1595 		val = opt + 15;
1596 		if (*val == '\0')
1597 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1598 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1599 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1600 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1601 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1602 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1603 	} else
1604 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1605 }
1606 
1607 static void
1608 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1609 {
1610 	u_char *name, *data;
1611 	u_int dlen;
1612 	Buffer options, option;
1613 
1614 	buffer_init(&options);
1615 	buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1616 
1617 	buffer_init(&option);
1618 	while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1619 		name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1620 		data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1621 		buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1622 		printf("                %s", name);
1623 		if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1624 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1625 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1626 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1627 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1628 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1629 			printf("\n");
1630 		else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1631 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1632 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1633 			data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1634 			printf(" %s\n", data);
1635 			xfree(data);
1636 		} else {
1637 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1638 			    buffer_len(&option));
1639 			buffer_clear(&option);
1640 		}
1641 		xfree(name);
1642 		if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1643 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1644 	}
1645 	buffer_free(&option);
1646 	buffer_free(&options);
1647 }
1648 
1649 static void
1650 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1651 {
1652 	Key *key;
1653 	struct stat st;
1654 	char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1655 	u_int i, v00;
1656 
1657 	if (!have_identity)
1658 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1659 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1660 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1661 	if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1662 		fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1663 	if (!key_is_cert(key))
1664 		fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1665 	v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1666 
1667 	key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1668 	ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1669 	    SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1670 
1671 	printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1672 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1673 	    key_cert_type(key));
1674 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1675 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1676 	    key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1677 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1678 	if (!v00)
1679 		printf("        Serial: %llu\n", key->cert->serial);
1680 	printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1681 	    fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1682 	printf("        Principals: ");
1683 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1684 		printf("(none)\n");
1685 	else {
1686 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1687 			printf("\n                %s",
1688 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1689 		printf("\n");
1690 	}
1691 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1692 	if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1693 		printf("(none)\n");
1694 	else {
1695 		printf("\n");
1696 		show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1697 	}
1698 	if (!v00) {
1699 		printf("        Extensions: ");
1700 		if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1701 			printf("(none)\n");
1702 		else {
1703 			printf("\n");
1704 			show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1705 		}
1706 	}
1707 	exit(0);
1708 }
1709 
1710 static void
1711 usage(void)
1712 {
1713 	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1714 	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1715 	fprintf(stderr, "  -a trials   Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1716 	fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1717 	fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1718 	fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
1719 	fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1720 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1721 	fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1722 #endif
1723 	fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1724 	fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1725 	fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1726 	fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1727 	fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1728 	fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1729 	fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1730 	fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1731 	fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1732 	fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1733 	fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1734 	fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1735 	fprintf(stderr, "  -m key_fmt  Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1736 	fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
1737 	fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1738 	fprintf(stderr, "  -O option   Specify a certificate option.\n");
1739 	fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
1740 	fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1741 	fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
1742 	fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1743 	fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1744 	fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1745 	fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1746 	fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1747 	fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
1748 	fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1749 	fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
1750 	fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1751 	fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1752 	fprintf(stderr, "  -z serial   Specify a serial number.\n");
1753 
1754 	exit(1);
1755 }
1756 
1757 /*
1758  * Main program for key management.
1759  */
1760 int
1761 main(int argc, char **argv)
1762 {
1763 	char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1764 	char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1765 	Key *private, *public;
1766 	struct passwd *pw;
1767 	struct stat st;
1768 	int opt, type, fd;
1769 	u_int maxbits;
1770 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1771 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1772 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1773 	FILE *f;
1774 	const char *errstr;
1775 
1776 	extern int optind;
1777 	extern char *optarg;
1778 
1779 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1780 	sanitise_stdfd();
1781 
1782 	__progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1783 
1784 	SSLeay_add_all_algorithms();
1785 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1786 
1787 	init_rng();
1788 	seed_rng();
1789 
1790 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
1791 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1792 	if (!pw) {
1793 		printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1794 		exit(1);
1795 	}
1796 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1797 		perror("gethostname");
1798 		exit(1);
1799 	}
1800 
1801 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "degiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:m:N:n:"
1802 	    "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
1803 		switch (opt) {
1804 		case 'b':
1805 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 768, 32768, &errstr);
1806 			if (errstr)
1807 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1808 					optarg, errstr);
1809 			break;
1810 		case 'F':
1811 			find_host = 1;
1812 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1813 			break;
1814 		case 'H':
1815 			hash_hosts = 1;
1816 			break;
1817 		case 'I':
1818 			cert_key_id = optarg;
1819 			break;
1820 		case 'R':
1821 			delete_host = 1;
1822 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1823 			break;
1824 		case 'L':
1825 			show_cert = 1;
1826 			break;
1827 		case 'l':
1828 			print_fingerprint = 1;
1829 			break;
1830 		case 'B':
1831 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
1832 			break;
1833 		case 'm':
1834 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
1835 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
1836 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
1837 				break;
1838 			}
1839 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
1840 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
1841 				break;
1842 			}
1843 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
1844 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
1845 				break;
1846 			}
1847 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
1848 		case 'n':
1849 			cert_principals = optarg;
1850 			break;
1851 		case 'p':
1852 			change_passphrase = 1;
1853 			break;
1854 		case 'c':
1855 			change_comment = 1;
1856 			break;
1857 		case 'f':
1858 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1859 			    sizeof(identity_file))
1860 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
1861 			have_identity = 1;
1862 			break;
1863 		case 'g':
1864 			print_generic = 1;
1865 			break;
1866 		case 'P':
1867 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
1868 			break;
1869 		case 'N':
1870 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
1871 			break;
1872 		case 'O':
1873 			add_cert_option(optarg);
1874 			break;
1875 		case 'C':
1876 			identity_comment = optarg;
1877 			break;
1878 		case 'q':
1879 			quiet = 1;
1880 			break;
1881 		case 'e':
1882 		case 'x':
1883 			/* export key */
1884 			convert_to = 1;
1885 			break;
1886 		case 'h':
1887 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
1888 			certflags_flags = 0;
1889 			break;
1890 		case 'i':
1891 		case 'X':
1892 			/* import key */
1893 			convert_from = 1;
1894 			break;
1895 		case 'y':
1896 			print_public = 1;
1897 			break;
1898 		case 'd':
1899 			key_type_name = "dsa";
1900 			break;
1901 		case 's':
1902 			ca_key_path = optarg;
1903 			break;
1904 		case 't':
1905 			key_type_name = optarg;
1906 			break;
1907 		case 'D':
1908 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
1909 			break;
1910 		case 'v':
1911 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
1912 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
1913 			else {
1914 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
1915 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
1916 					log_level++;
1917 			}
1918 			break;
1919 		case 'r':
1920 			rr_hostname = optarg;
1921 			break;
1922 		case 'W':
1923 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
1924 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1925 			if (errstr)
1926 				fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
1927 					optarg, errstr);
1928 			break;
1929 		case 'a':
1930 			trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1931 			if (errstr)
1932 				fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
1933 					optarg, errstr);
1934 			break;
1935 		case 'M':
1936 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1937 			if (errstr)
1938 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
1939 			break;
1940 		case 'G':
1941 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
1942 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1943 			    sizeof(out_file))
1944 				fatal("Output filename too long");
1945 			break;
1946 		case 'T':
1947 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
1948 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1949 			    sizeof(out_file))
1950 				fatal("Output filename too long");
1951 			break;
1952 		case 'S':
1953 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
1954 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
1955 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
1956 			break;
1957 		case 'V':
1958 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
1959 			break;
1960 		case 'z':
1961 			cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
1962 			if (errstr)
1963 				fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
1964 			break;
1965 		case '?':
1966 		default:
1967 			usage();
1968 		}
1969 	}
1970 
1971 	/* reinit */
1972 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1973 
1974 	argv += optind;
1975 	argc -= optind;
1976 
1977 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
1978 		if (argc < 1) {
1979 			printf("Too few arguments.\n");
1980 			usage();
1981 		}
1982 	} else if (argc > 0) {
1983 		printf("Too many arguments.\n");
1984 		usage();
1985 	}
1986 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
1987 		printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
1988 		usage();
1989 	}
1990 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
1991 		printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
1992 		usage();
1993 	}
1994 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
1995 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
1996 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
1997 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
1998 	}
1999 	if (show_cert)
2000 		do_show_cert(pw);
2001 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2002 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2003 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2004 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2005 	if (change_passphrase)
2006 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2007 	if (change_comment)
2008 		do_change_comment(pw);
2009 	if (convert_to)
2010 		do_convert_to(pw);
2011 	if (convert_from)
2012 		do_convert_from(pw);
2013 	if (print_public)
2014 		do_print_public(pw);
2015 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2016 		unsigned int n = 0;
2017 
2018 		if (have_identity) {
2019 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2020 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2021 			if (n == 0) {
2022 				perror(identity_file);
2023 				exit(1);
2024 			}
2025 			exit(0);
2026 		} else {
2027 
2028 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2029 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2030 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2031 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2032 
2033 			if (n == 0)
2034 				fatal("no keys found.");
2035 			exit(0);
2036 		}
2037 	}
2038 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2039 		do_download(pw);
2040 
2041 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2042 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2043 
2044 		if (out == NULL) {
2045 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2046 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2047 			return (1);
2048 		}
2049 		if (bits == 0)
2050 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2051 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2052 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2053 
2054 		return (0);
2055 	}
2056 
2057 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2058 		FILE *in;
2059 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2060 
2061 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2062 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2063 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2064 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2065 				    strerror(errno));
2066 			}
2067 		} else
2068 			in = stdin;
2069 
2070 		if (out == NULL) {
2071 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2072 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2073 		}
2074 		if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
2075 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2076 		return (0);
2077 	}
2078 
2079 	arc4random_stir();
2080 
2081 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2082 		key_type_name = "rsa";
2083 
2084 	type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2085 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
2086 		fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
2087 		exit(1);
2088 	}
2089 	if (bits == 0)
2090 		bits = (type == KEY_DSA) ? DEFAULT_BITS_DSA : DEFAULT_BITS;
2091 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
2092 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
2093 	if (bits > maxbits) {
2094 		fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
2095 		exit(1);
2096 	}
2097 	if (type == KEY_DSA && bits != 1024)
2098 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
2099 	if (!quiet)
2100 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2101 	private = key_generate(type, bits);
2102 	if (private == NULL) {
2103 		fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2104 		exit(1);
2105 	}
2106 	public  = key_from_private(private);
2107 
2108 	if (!have_identity)
2109 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2110 
2111 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2112 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2113 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2114 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2115 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2116 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2117 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2118 				    strerror(errno));
2119 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2120 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2121 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2122 			} else if (!quiet)
2123 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2124 		}
2125 	}
2126 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2127 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2128 		char yesno[3];
2129 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2130 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2131 		fflush(stdout);
2132 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2133 			exit(1);
2134 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2135 			exit(1);
2136 	}
2137 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2138 	if (identity_passphrase)
2139 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2140 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2141 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2142 	else {
2143 passphrase_again:
2144 		passphrase1 =
2145 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2146 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2147 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2148 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2149 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2150 			/*
2151 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2152 			 * retry.
2153 			 */
2154 			memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2155 			memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2156 			xfree(passphrase1);
2157 			xfree(passphrase2);
2158 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2159 			goto passphrase_again;
2160 		}
2161 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2162 		memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2163 		xfree(passphrase2);
2164 	}
2165 
2166 	if (identity_comment) {
2167 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2168 	} else {
2169 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2170 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2171 	}
2172 
2173 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2174 	if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2175 		printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2176 		memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2177 		xfree(passphrase1);
2178 		exit(1);
2179 	}
2180 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2181 	memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2182 	xfree(passphrase1);
2183 
2184 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2185 	key_free(private);
2186 	arc4random_stir();
2187 
2188 	if (!quiet)
2189 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2190 
2191 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2192 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2193 	if (fd == -1) {
2194 		printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2195 		exit(1);
2196 	}
2197 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2198 	if (f == NULL) {
2199 		printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2200 		exit(1);
2201 	}
2202 	if (!key_write(public, f))
2203 		fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2204 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2205 	fclose(f);
2206 
2207 	if (!quiet) {
2208 		char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2209 		char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2210 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2211 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2212 		    identity_file);
2213 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2214 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2215 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2216 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2217 		xfree(ra);
2218 		xfree(fp);
2219 	}
2220 
2221 	key_free(public);
2222 	exit(0);
2223 }
2224