xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c (revision 1f4bcc459a76b7aa664f3fd557684cd0ba6da352)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.277 2015/08/19 23:17:51 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include "includes.h"
16 
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 
21 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
25 #endif
26 
27 #include <errno.h>
28 #include <fcntl.h>
29 #include <netdb.h>
30 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
31 # include <paths.h>
32 #endif
33 #include <pwd.h>
34 #include <stdarg.h>
35 #include <stdio.h>
36 #include <stdlib.h>
37 #include <string.h>
38 #include <unistd.h>
39 #include <limits.h>
40 
41 #include "xmalloc.h"
42 #include "sshkey.h"
43 #include "rsa.h"
44 #include "authfile.h"
45 #include "uuencode.h"
46 #include "sshbuf.h"
47 #include "pathnames.h"
48 #include "log.h"
49 #include "misc.h"
50 #include "match.h"
51 #include "hostfile.h"
52 #include "dns.h"
53 #include "ssh.h"
54 #include "ssh2.h"
55 #include "ssherr.h"
56 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
57 #include "atomicio.h"
58 #include "krl.h"
59 #include "digest.h"
60 
61 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
62 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
63 #else
64 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
65 #endif
66 
67 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
68 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
69 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
70 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
71 u_int32_t bits = 0;
72 
73 /*
74  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
75  * set on the command line.
76  */
77 int change_passphrase = 0;
78 
79 /*
80  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
81  * on the command line.
82  */
83 int change_comment = 0;
84 
85 int quiet = 0;
86 
87 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
88 
89 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
90 int hash_hosts = 0;
91 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
92 int find_host = 0;
93 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
94 int delete_host = 0;
95 
96 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
97 int show_cert = 0;
98 
99 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
100 int print_fingerprint = 0;
101 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
102 
103 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
104 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
105 
106 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
107 char identity_file[1024];
108 int have_identity = 0;
109 
110 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
111 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
112 
113 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
114 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
115 
116 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
117 char *identity_comment = NULL;
118 
119 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
120 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
121 
122 /* Certificate serial number */
123 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
124 
125 /* Key type when certifying */
126 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
127 
128 /* "key ID" of signed key */
129 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
130 
131 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
132 char *cert_principals = NULL;
133 
134 /* Validity period for certificates */
135 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
136 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
137 
138 /* Certificate options */
139 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
140 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
141 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
142 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
143 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
144 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
145 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
146 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
147 char *certflags_command = NULL;
148 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
149 
150 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
151 int convert_to = 0;
152 int convert_from = 0;
153 enum {
154 	FMT_RFC4716,
155 	FMT_PKCS8,
156 	FMT_PEM
157 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
158 int print_public = 0;
159 int print_generic = 0;
160 
161 char *key_type_name = NULL;
162 
163 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
164 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
165 
166 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
167 int use_new_format = 0;
168 
169 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
170 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
171 
172 /*
173  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
174  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
175  */
176 int rounds = 0;
177 
178 /* argv0 */
179 extern char *__progname;
180 
181 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
182 
183 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
184 /* moduli.c */
185 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
186 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
187     unsigned long);
188 #endif
189 
190 static void
191 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
192 {
193 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
194 	u_int maxbits, nid;
195 #endif
196 
197 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
198 		fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
199 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
200 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
201 		if (type == KEY_DSA)
202 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
203 		else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
204 			if (name != NULL &&
205 			    (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
206 				*bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
207 			if (*bitsp == 0)
208 				*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
209 		} else
210 #endif
211 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
212 	}
213 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
214 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
215 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
216 	if (*bitsp > maxbits)
217 		fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
218 	if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
219 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
220 	else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 1024)
221 		fatal("Key must at least be 1024 bits");
222 	else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
223 		fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
224 		    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
225 #endif
226 }
227 
228 static void
229 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
230 {
231 	char buf[1024];
232 	char *name = NULL;
233 
234 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
235 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
236 	else {
237 		switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
238 		case KEY_RSA1:
239 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
240 			break;
241 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
242 		case KEY_DSA:
243 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
244 			break;
245 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
246 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
247 		case KEY_ECDSA:
248 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
249 			break;
250 #endif
251 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
252 		case KEY_RSA:
253 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
254 			break;
255 		case KEY_ED25519:
256 		case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
257 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
258 			break;
259 		default:
260 			fatal("bad key type");
261 		}
262 	}
263 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
264 	    "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
265 	printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
266 	fflush(stdout);
267 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
268 		exit(1);
269 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
270 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
271 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
272 	have_identity = 1;
273 }
274 
275 static struct sshkey *
276 load_identity(char *filename)
277 {
278 	char *pass;
279 	struct sshkey *prv;
280 	int r;
281 
282 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
283 		return prv;
284 	if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
285 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
286 	if (identity_passphrase)
287 		pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
288 	else
289 		pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
290 	r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
291 	explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
292 	free(pass);
293 	if (r != 0)
294 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
295 	return prv;
296 }
297 
298 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
299 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
300 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
301 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
302 
303 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
304 static void
305 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
306 {
307 	size_t len;
308 	u_char *blob;
309 	char comment[61];
310 	int r;
311 
312 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1)
313 		fatal("version 1 keys are not supported");
314 	if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
315 		fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
316 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
317 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
318 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
319 	    sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
320 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
321 
322 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
323 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
324 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
325 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
326 	sshkey_free(k);
327 	free(blob);
328 	exit(0);
329 }
330 
331 static void
332 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
333 {
334 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
335 	case KEY_RSA1:
336 	case KEY_RSA:
337 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
338 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
339 		break;
340 	case KEY_DSA:
341 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
342 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
343 		break;
344 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
345 	case KEY_ECDSA:
346 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
347 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
348 		break;
349 #endif
350 	default:
351 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
352 	}
353 	exit(0);
354 }
355 
356 static void
357 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
358 {
359 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
360 	case KEY_RSA1:
361 	case KEY_RSA:
362 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
363 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
364 		break;
365 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
366 	case KEY_DSA:
367 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
368 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
369 		break;
370 #endif
371 	/* XXX ECDSA? */
372 	default:
373 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
374 	}
375 	exit(0);
376 }
377 
378 static void
379 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
380 {
381 	struct sshkey *k;
382 	struct stat st;
383 	int r;
384 
385 	if (!have_identity)
386 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
387 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
388 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
389 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
390 		k = load_identity(identity_file);
391 	switch (convert_format) {
392 	case FMT_RFC4716:
393 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
394 		break;
395 	case FMT_PKCS8:
396 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
397 		break;
398 	case FMT_PEM:
399 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
400 		break;
401 	default:
402 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
403 	}
404 	exit(0);
405 }
406 
407 /*
408  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
409  * instead of 16.
410  */
411 static void
412 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
413 {
414 	u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
415 	int r;
416 
417 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
418 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
419 	bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
420 	if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
421 		fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
422 		    __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
423 	if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
424 		fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
425 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
426 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
427 }
428 
429 static struct sshkey *
430 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
431 {
432 	struct sshbuf *b;
433 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
434 	char *type, *cipher;
435 	u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
436 	int r, rlen, ktype;
437 	u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
438 	size_t slen;
439 	u_long e;
440 
441 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
442 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
443 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
444 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
445 
446 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
447 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
448 		    SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
449 		sshbuf_free(b);
450 		return NULL;
451 	}
452 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
453 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
454 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
455 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
456 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
457 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
458 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
459 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
460 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
461 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
462 		free(cipher);
463 		sshbuf_free(b);
464 		free(type);
465 		return NULL;
466 	}
467 	free(cipher);
468 
469 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
470 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
471 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
472 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
473 	} else {
474 		sshbuf_free(b);
475 		free(type);
476 		return NULL;
477 	}
478 	if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
479 		fatal("key_new_private failed");
480 	free(type);
481 
482 	switch (key->type) {
483 	case KEY_DSA:
484 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
485 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
486 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
487 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
488 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
489 		break;
490 	case KEY_RSA:
491 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
492 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
493 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
494 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
495 		e = e1;
496 		debug("e %lx", e);
497 		if (e < 30) {
498 			e <<= 8;
499 			e += e2;
500 			debug("e %lx", e);
501 			e <<= 8;
502 			e += e3;
503 			debug("e %lx", e);
504 		}
505 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
506 			sshbuf_free(b);
507 			sshkey_free(key);
508 			return NULL;
509 		}
510 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
511 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
512 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
513 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
514 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
515 		if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
516 			fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
517 		break;
518 	}
519 	rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
520 	if (rlen != 0)
521 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
522 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
523 	sshbuf_free(b);
524 
525 	/* try the key */
526 	if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0 ||
527 	    sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
528 		sshkey_free(key);
529 		free(sig);
530 		return NULL;
531 	}
532 	free(sig);
533 	return key;
534 }
535 
536 static int
537 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
538 {
539 	int c;
540 	size_t pos = 0;
541 
542 	line[0] = '\0';
543 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
544 		if (pos >= len - 1)
545 			fatal("input line too long.");
546 		switch (c) {
547 		case '\r':
548 			c = fgetc(fp);
549 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
550 				fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
551 			return pos;
552 		case '\n':
553 			return pos;
554 		}
555 		line[pos++] = c;
556 		line[pos] = '\0';
557 	}
558 	/* We reached EOF */
559 	return -1;
560 }
561 
562 static void
563 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
564 {
565 	int r, blen, escaped = 0;
566 	u_int len;
567 	char line[1024];
568 	u_char blob[8096];
569 	char encoded[8096];
570 	FILE *fp;
571 
572 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
573 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
574 	encoded[0] = '\0';
575 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
576 		if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
577 			escaped++;
578 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
579 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
580 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
581 				*private = 1;
582 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
583 				break;
584 			}
585 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
586 			continue;
587 		}
588 		if (escaped) {
589 			escaped--;
590 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
591 			continue;
592 		}
593 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
594 	}
595 	len = strlen(encoded);
596 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
597 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
598 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
599 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
600 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
601 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
602 	if (blen < 0)
603 		fatal("uudecode failed.");
604 	if (*private)
605 		*k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
606 	else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
607 		fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
608 	fclose(fp);
609 }
610 
611 static void
612 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
613 {
614 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
615 	FILE *fp;
616 
617 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
618 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
619 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
620 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
621 		    identity_file);
622 	}
623 	fclose(fp);
624 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
625 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
626 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
627 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
628 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
629 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
630 		break;
631 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
632 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
633 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
634 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
635 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
636 		break;
637 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
638 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
639 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
640 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
641 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
642 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
643 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
644 		break;
645 #endif
646 	default:
647 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
648 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
649 	}
650 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
651 	return;
652 }
653 
654 static void
655 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
656 {
657 	FILE *fp;
658 	RSA *rsa;
659 #ifdef notyet
660 	DSA *dsa;
661 #endif
662 
663 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
664 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
665 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
666 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
667 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
668 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
669 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
670 		fclose(fp);
671 		return;
672 	}
673 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
674 	rewind(fp);
675 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
676 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
677 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
678 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
679 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
680 		fclose(fp);
681 		return;
682 	}
683 	/* XXX ECDSA */
684 #endif
685 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
686 }
687 
688 static void
689 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
690 {
691 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
692 	int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
693 	struct stat st;
694 
695 	if (!have_identity)
696 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
697 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
698 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
699 
700 	switch (convert_format) {
701 	case FMT_RFC4716:
702 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
703 		break;
704 	case FMT_PKCS8:
705 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
706 		break;
707 	case FMT_PEM:
708 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
709 		break;
710 	default:
711 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
712 	}
713 
714 	if (!private) {
715 		if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
716 			ok = 1;
717 		if (ok)
718 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
719 	} else {
720 		switch (k->type) {
721 		case KEY_DSA:
722 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
723 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
724 			break;
725 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
726 		case KEY_ECDSA:
727 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
728 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
729 			break;
730 #endif
731 		case KEY_RSA:
732 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
733 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
734 			break;
735 		default:
736 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
737 			    sshkey_type(k));
738 		}
739 	}
740 
741 	if (!ok)
742 		fatal("key write failed");
743 	sshkey_free(k);
744 	exit(0);
745 }
746 #endif
747 
748 static void
749 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
750 {
751 	struct sshkey *prv;
752 	struct stat st;
753 	int r;
754 
755 	if (!have_identity)
756 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
757 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
758 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
759 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
760 	if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
761 		error("key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
762 	sshkey_free(prv);
763 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
764 	exit(0);
765 }
766 
767 static void
768 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
769 {
770 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
771 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
772 	int i, nkeys;
773 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
774 	int fptype;
775 	char *fp, *ra;
776 
777 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
778 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
779 
780 	pkcs11_init(0);
781 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
782 	if (nkeys <= 0)
783 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
784 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
785 		if (print_fingerprint) {
786 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
787 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
788 			    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
789 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
790 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
791 			printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
792 			    fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
793 			if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
794 				printf("%s\n", ra);
795 			free(ra);
796 			free(fp);
797 		} else {
798 			(void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
799 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
800 		}
801 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
802 	}
803 	free(keys);
804 	pkcs11_terminate();
805 	exit(0);
806 #else
807 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
808 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
809 }
810 
811 static void
812 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
813 {
814 	FILE *f;
815 	struct sshkey *public;
816 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
817 	int r, i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
818 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
819 	int fptype;
820 	struct stat st;
821 
822 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
823 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
824 	if (!have_identity)
825 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
826 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
827 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
828 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &public, &comment)) != 0)
829 		debug2("Error loading public key \"%s\": %s",
830 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
831 	else {
832 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
833 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
834 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
835 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
836 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
837 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp, comment,
838 		    sshkey_type(public));
839 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
840 			printf("%s\n", ra);
841 		sshkey_free(public);
842 		free(comment);
843 		free(ra);
844 		free(fp);
845 		exit(0);
846 	}
847 	if (comment) {
848 		free(comment);
849 		comment = NULL;
850 	}
851 
852 	if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
853 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
854 
855 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
856 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
857 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
858 			    num + 1, line);
859 			skip = 1;
860 			continue;
861 		}
862 		num++;
863 		if (skip) {
864 			skip = 0;
865 			continue;
866 		}
867 		*cp = '\0';
868 
869 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
870 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
871 			;
872 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
873 			continue;
874 		i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
875 		if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
876 			int quoted = 0;
877 			comment = cp;
878 			for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
879 			    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
880 				if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
881 					cp++;	/* Skip both */
882 				else if (*cp == '"')
883 					quoted = !quoted;
884 			}
885 			if (!*cp)
886 				continue;
887 			*cp++ = '\0';
888 		}
889 		ep = cp;
890 		if ((public = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
891 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
892 		if ((r = sshkey_read(public, &cp)) != 0) {
893 			cp = ep;
894 			sshkey_free(public);
895 			if ((public = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
896 				fatal("sshkey_new failed");
897 			if ((r = sshkey_read(public, &cp)) != 0) {
898 				sshkey_free(public);
899 				continue;
900 			}
901 		}
902 		comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
903 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
904 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
905 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
906 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
907 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
908 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
909 		    comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
910 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
911 			printf("%s\n", ra);
912 		free(ra);
913 		free(fp);
914 		sshkey_free(public);
915 		invalid = 0;
916 	}
917 	fclose(f);
918 
919 	if (invalid)
920 		fatal("%s is not a public key file.", identity_file);
921 	exit(0);
922 }
923 
924 static void
925 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
926 {
927 	struct {
928 		char *key_type;
929 		char *key_type_display;
930 		char *path;
931 	} key_types[] = {
932 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
933 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
934 		{ "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
935 #endif /* WITH_SSH1 */
936 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
937 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
938 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
939 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
940 #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
941 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
942 		{ "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
943 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
944 	};
945 
946 	int first = 0;
947 	struct stat st;
948 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
949 	char comment[1024];
950 	int i, type, fd, r;
951 	FILE *f;
952 
953 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
954 		if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
955 			continue;
956 		if (errno != ENOENT) {
957 			error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
958 			    strerror(errno));
959 			first = 0;
960 			continue;
961 		}
962 
963 		if (first == 0) {
964 			first = 1;
965 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
966 		}
967 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
968 		fflush(stdout);
969 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
970 		strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
971 		bits = 0;
972 		type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
973 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
974 			error("key_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
975 			first = 0;
976 			continue;
977 		}
978 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
979 			fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
980 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
981 		    hostname);
982 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
983 		    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
984 			error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
985 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
986 			sshkey_free(private);
987 			sshkey_free(public);
988 			first = 0;
989 			continue;
990 		}
991 		sshkey_free(private);
992 		strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
993 		fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
994 		if (fd == -1) {
995 			error("Could not save your public key in %s",
996 			    identity_file);
997 			sshkey_free(public);
998 			first = 0;
999 			continue;
1000 		}
1001 		f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1002 		if (f == NULL) {
1003 			error("fdopen %s failed", identity_file);
1004 			close(fd);
1005 			sshkey_free(public);
1006 			first = 0;
1007 			continue;
1008 		}
1009 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1010 			error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1011 			fclose(f);
1012 			sshkey_free(public);
1013 			first = 0;
1014 			continue;
1015 		}
1016 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1017 		fclose(f);
1018 		sshkey_free(public);
1019 
1020 	}
1021 	if (first != 0)
1022 		printf("\n");
1023 }
1024 
1025 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1026 	const char *host;	/* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1027 	FILE *out;		/* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1028 	int has_unhashed;	/* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1029 	int found_key;		/* For find/delete, host was found */
1030 	int invalid;		/* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1031 };
1032 
1033 static int
1034 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1035 {
1036 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1037 	char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1038 	int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1039 
1040 	switch (l->status) {
1041 	case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1042 	case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1043 		/*
1044 		 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1045 		 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1046 		 */
1047 		if ((l->match & HKF_MATCH_HOST_HASHED) != 0 ||
1048 		    has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1049 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1050 			if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1051 				logit("%s:%ld: ignoring host name "
1052 				    "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1053 				    l->linenum, l->hosts);
1054 			}
1055 			return 0;
1056 		}
1057 		/*
1058 		 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1059 		 * hash and store separately.
1060 		 */
1061 		ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1062 		while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1063 			if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1064 				fatal("hash_host failed");
1065 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1066 			ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1067 		}
1068 		free(ohosts);
1069 		return 0;
1070 	case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1071 		/* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1072 		ctx->invalid = 1;
1073 		logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1074 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1075 	default:
1076 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1077 		return 0;
1078 	}
1079 	/* NOTREACHED */
1080 	return -1;
1081 }
1082 
1083 static int
1084 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1085 {
1086 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1087 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1088 	int fptype;
1089 	char *fp;
1090 
1091 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1092 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1093 
1094 	if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1095 		if (delete_host) {
1096 			if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1097 				/* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1098 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1099 			} else {
1100 				/*
1101 				 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1102 				 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1103 				 * line to ctx->out.
1104 				 */
1105 				ctx->found_key = 1;
1106 				if (!quiet)
1107 					printf("# Host %s found: line %ld\n",
1108 					    ctx->host, l->linenum);
1109 			}
1110 			return 0;
1111 		} else if (find_host) {
1112 			ctx->found_key = 1;
1113 			if (!quiet) {
1114 				printf("# Host %s found: line %ld %s\n",
1115 				    ctx->host,
1116 				    l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1117 				    (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1118 			}
1119 			if (hash_hosts)
1120 				known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1121 			else if (print_fingerprint) {
1122 				fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1123 				printf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1124 				    sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1125 				free(fp);
1126 			} else
1127 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1128 			return 0;
1129 		}
1130 	} else if (delete_host) {
1131 		/* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1132 		if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1133 			ctx->invalid = 1;
1134 			logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1135 		}
1136 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1137 	}
1138 	return 0;
1139 }
1140 
1141 static void
1142 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1143 {
1144 	char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1145 	int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1146 	struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1147 	u_int foreach_options;
1148 
1149 	if (!have_identity) {
1150 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1151 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1152 		    sizeof(identity_file))
1153 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1154 		free(cp);
1155 		have_identity = 1;
1156 	}
1157 
1158 	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1159 	ctx.out = stdout;
1160 	ctx.host = name;
1161 
1162 	/*
1163 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1164 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1165 	 */
1166 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1167 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1168 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1169 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1170 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1171 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1172 		umask(077);
1173 		if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1174 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1175 		if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1176 			oerrno = errno;
1177 			unlink(tmp);
1178 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1179 		}
1180 		inplace = 1;
1181 	}
1182 
1183 	/* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1184 	foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1185 	foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1186 	if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1187 	    hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1188 	    name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0)
1189 		fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1190 
1191 	if (inplace)
1192 		fclose(ctx.out);
1193 
1194 	if (ctx.invalid) {
1195 		error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1196 		if (inplace) {
1197 			error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1198 			    "file because of errors");
1199 			unlink(tmp);
1200 		}
1201 		exit(1);
1202 	} else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1203 		logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1204 		if (inplace)
1205 			unlink(tmp);
1206 	} else if (inplace) {
1207 		/* Backup existing file */
1208 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1209 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1210 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1211 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1212 			    strerror(errno));
1213 		/* Move new one into place */
1214 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1215 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1216 			    strerror(errno));
1217 			unlink(tmp);
1218 			unlink(old);
1219 			exit(1);
1220 		}
1221 
1222 		printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1223 		printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1224 		if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1225 			logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1226 			logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1227 			    "of hostnames");
1228 		}
1229 	}
1230 
1231 	exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1232 }
1233 
1234 /*
1235  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1236  * for the current user.
1237  */
1238 static void
1239 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1240 {
1241 	char *comment;
1242 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1243 	struct stat st;
1244 	struct sshkey *private;
1245 	int r;
1246 
1247 	if (!have_identity)
1248 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1249 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1250 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1251 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1252 	r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1253 	if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1254 		if (identity_passphrase)
1255 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1256 		else
1257 			old_passphrase =
1258 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1259 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1260 		r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1261 		    &private, &comment);
1262 		explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1263 		free(old_passphrase);
1264 		if (r != 0)
1265 			goto badkey;
1266 	} else if (r != 0) {
1267  badkey:
1268 		fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1269 	}
1270 	if (comment)
1271 		printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1272 
1273 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1274 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1275 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1276 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1277 	} else {
1278 		passphrase1 =
1279 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1280 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1281 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1282 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1283 
1284 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1285 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1286 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1287 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1288 			free(passphrase1);
1289 			free(passphrase2);
1290 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1291 			exit(1);
1292 		}
1293 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1294 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1295 		free(passphrase2);
1296 	}
1297 
1298 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1299 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1300 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1301 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1302 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1303 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1304 		free(passphrase1);
1305 		sshkey_free(private);
1306 		free(comment);
1307 		exit(1);
1308 	}
1309 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1310 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1311 	free(passphrase1);
1312 	sshkey_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1313 	free(comment);
1314 
1315 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1316 	exit(0);
1317 }
1318 
1319 /*
1320  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1321  */
1322 static int
1323 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1324 {
1325 	struct sshkey *public;
1326 	char *comment = NULL;
1327 	struct stat st;
1328 	int r;
1329 
1330 	if (fname == NULL)
1331 		fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1332 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1333 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1334 			return 0;
1335 		fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1336 	}
1337 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1338 		fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1339 		    fname, ssh_err(r));
1340 	export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1341 	sshkey_free(public);
1342 	free(comment);
1343 	return 1;
1344 }
1345 
1346 /*
1347  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1348  */
1349 static void
1350 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1351 {
1352 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1353 	struct sshkey *private;
1354 	struct sshkey *public;
1355 	struct stat st;
1356 	FILE *f;
1357 	int r, fd;
1358 
1359 	if (!have_identity)
1360 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1361 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1362 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1363 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1364 	    &private, &comment)) == 0)
1365 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1366 	else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1367 		fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1368 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1369 	else {
1370 		if (identity_passphrase)
1371 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1372 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1373 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1374 		else
1375 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1376 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1377 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1378 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1379 		    &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1380 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1381 			free(passphrase);
1382 			fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1383 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1384 		}
1385 	}
1386 	/* XXX what about new-format keys? */
1387 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1388 		error("Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.");
1389 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1390 		sshkey_free(private);
1391 		exit(1);
1392 	}
1393 	printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1394 
1395 	if (identity_comment) {
1396 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1397 	} else {
1398 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1399 		fflush(stdout);
1400 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1401 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1402 			sshkey_free(private);
1403 			exit(1);
1404 		}
1405 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1406 	}
1407 
1408 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1409 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1410 	    new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1411 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1412 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1413 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1414 		free(passphrase);
1415 		sshkey_free(private);
1416 		free(comment);
1417 		exit(1);
1418 	}
1419 	explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1420 	free(passphrase);
1421 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1422 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1423 	sshkey_free(private);
1424 
1425 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1426 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1427 	if (fd == -1)
1428 		fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1429 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1430 	if (f == NULL)
1431 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1432 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1433 		fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1434 	sshkey_free(public);
1435 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1436 	fclose(f);
1437 
1438 	free(comment);
1439 
1440 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1441 	exit(0);
1442 }
1443 
1444 static const char *
1445 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1446 {
1447 	char from[32], to[32];
1448 	static char ret[64];
1449 	time_t tt;
1450 	struct tm *tm;
1451 
1452 	*from = *to = '\0';
1453 	if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1454 		return "forever";
1455 
1456 	if (valid_from != 0) {
1457 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1458 		tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1459 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1460 		strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1461 	}
1462 	if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1463 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1464 		tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1465 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1466 		strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1467 	}
1468 
1469 	if (valid_from == 0) {
1470 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1471 		return ret;
1472 	}
1473 	if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1474 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1475 		return ret;
1476 	}
1477 
1478 	snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1479 	return ret;
1480 }
1481 
1482 static void
1483 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1484 {
1485 	int r;
1486 
1487 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1488 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1489 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1490 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1491 }
1492 
1493 static void
1494 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1495 {
1496 	struct sshbuf *b;
1497 	int r;
1498 
1499 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1500 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1501 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1502 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1503 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1504 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1505 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1506 
1507 	sshbuf_free(b);
1508 }
1509 
1510 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1511 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1512 static void
1513 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1514 {
1515 	sshbuf_reset(c);
1516 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1517 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1518 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1519 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1520 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1521 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1522 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1523 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1524 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1525 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1526 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1527 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1528 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1529 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1530 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1531 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1532 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1533 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1534 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1535 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1536 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1537 }
1538 
1539 static struct sshkey *
1540 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1541 {
1542 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1543 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1544 	int r, i, nkeys;
1545 
1546 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1547 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1548 		    path, ssh_err(r));
1549 
1550 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1551 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1552 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1553 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1554 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1555 		if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1556 			private = keys[i];
1557 			continue;
1558 		}
1559 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1560 	}
1561 	free(keys);
1562 	sshkey_free(public);
1563 	return private;
1564 #else
1565 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1566 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1567 }
1568 
1569 static void
1570 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1571 {
1572 	int r, i, fd;
1573 	u_int n;
1574 	struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1575 	char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1576 	FILE *f;
1577 
1578 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1579 	pkcs11_init(1);
1580 #endif
1581 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1582 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1583 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1584 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1585 	} else
1586 		ca = load_identity(tmp);
1587 	free(tmp);
1588 
1589 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1590 		/* Split list of principals */
1591 		n = 0;
1592 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1593 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1594 			plist = NULL;
1595 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1596 				plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1597 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1598 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1599 			}
1600 			free(otmp);
1601 		}
1602 
1603 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1604 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1605 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1606 			    __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1607 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1608 		    public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1609 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1610 			    __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1611 
1612 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1613 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1614 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1615 			    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1616 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1617 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1618 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1619 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1620 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1621 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1622 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1623 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1624 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1625 		    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1626 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1627 		    &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1628 			fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1629 
1630 		if (sshkey_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1631 			fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1632 
1633 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1634 			*cp = '\0';
1635 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1636 		free(tmp);
1637 
1638 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1639 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1640 			    strerror(errno));
1641 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1642 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1643 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1644 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1645 			    out, ssh_err(r));
1646 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1647 		fclose(f);
1648 
1649 		if (!quiet) {
1650 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1651 			    "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1652 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1653 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1654 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1655 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1656 			    fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1657 		}
1658 
1659 		sshkey_free(public);
1660 		free(out);
1661 	}
1662 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1663 	pkcs11_terminate();
1664 #endif
1665 	exit(0);
1666 }
1667 
1668 static u_int64_t
1669 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1670 {
1671 	int64_t mul, secs;
1672 
1673 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1674 
1675 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1676 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1677 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1678 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1679 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1680 }
1681 
1682 static u_int64_t
1683 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1684 {
1685 	struct tm tm;
1686 	time_t tt;
1687 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1688 
1689 	/*
1690 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1691 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1692 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1693 	 */
1694 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1695 	case 8:
1696 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1697 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1698 		break;
1699 	case 14:
1700 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1701 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1702 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1703 		break;
1704 	default:
1705 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1706 	}
1707 
1708 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1709 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1710 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1711 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1712 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1713 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1714 }
1715 
1716 static void
1717 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1718 {
1719 	char *from, *to;
1720 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1721 	int64_t secs;
1722 
1723 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1724 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1725 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1726 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1727 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1728 		/*
1729 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1730 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1731 		 */
1732 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1733 		return;
1734 	}
1735 
1736 	/*
1737 	 * from:to, where
1738 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1739 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1740 	 */
1741 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1742 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1743 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1744 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1745 	*to++ = '\0';
1746 
1747 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1748 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1749 	else
1750 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1751 
1752 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1753 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1754 	else
1755 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1756 
1757 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1758 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1759 	free(from);
1760 }
1761 
1762 static void
1763 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1764 {
1765 	char *val;
1766 
1767 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1768 		certflags_flags = 0;
1769 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1770 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1771 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1772 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1773 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1774 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1775 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1776 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1777 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1778 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1779 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1780 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1781 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1782 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1783 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1784 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1785 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1786 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1787 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1788 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1789 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1790 		val = opt + 14;
1791 		if (*val == '\0')
1792 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1793 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1794 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1795 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1796 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1797 		val = opt + 15;
1798 		if (*val == '\0')
1799 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1800 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1801 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1802 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1803 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1804 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1805 	} else
1806 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1807 }
1808 
1809 static void
1810 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1811 {
1812 	char *name, *arg;
1813 	struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1814 	int r;
1815 
1816 	if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1817 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1818 	while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1819 		sshbuf_free(option);
1820 		option = NULL;
1821 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1822 		    (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1823 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1824 		printf("                %s", name);
1825 		if (!in_critical &&
1826 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1827 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1828 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1829 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1830 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1831 			printf("\n");
1832 		else if (in_critical &&
1833 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1834 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1835 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1836 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1837 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1838 			printf(" %s\n", arg);
1839 			free(arg);
1840 		} else {
1841 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1842 			    sshbuf_len(option));
1843 			sshbuf_reset(option);
1844 		}
1845 		free(name);
1846 		if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1847 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1848 	}
1849 	sshbuf_free(option);
1850 	sshbuf_free(options);
1851 }
1852 
1853 static void
1854 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1855 {
1856 	struct sshkey *key;
1857 	struct stat st;
1858 	char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1859 	u_int i;
1860 	int r;
1861 
1862 	if (!have_identity)
1863 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1864 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1865 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1866 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &key, NULL)) != 0)
1867 		fatal("Cannot load public key \"%s\": %s",
1868 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1869 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(key))
1870 		fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1871 
1872 	key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1873 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1874 	    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1875 	if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1876 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1877 
1878 	printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1879 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1880 	    sshkey_cert_type(key));
1881 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1882 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1883 	    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1884 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1885 	printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1886 	printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1887 	    fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1888 	printf("        Principals: ");
1889 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1890 		printf("(none)\n");
1891 	else {
1892 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1893 			printf("\n                %s",
1894 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1895 		printf("\n");
1896 	}
1897 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1898 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1899 		printf("(none)\n");
1900 	else {
1901 		printf("\n");
1902 		show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1903 	}
1904 	printf("        Extensions: ");
1905 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1906 		printf("(none)\n");
1907 	else {
1908 		printf("\n");
1909 		show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
1910 	}
1911 	exit(0);
1912 }
1913 
1914 static void
1915 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1916 {
1917 	struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1918 	int r, fd;
1919 
1920 	if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1921 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1922 	if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1923 		fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1924 	if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1925 		fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1926 	close(fd);
1927 	/* XXX check sigs */
1928 	if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1929 	    *krlp == NULL)
1930 		fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1931 	sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1932 }
1933 
1934 static void
1935 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
1936     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
1937 {
1938 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1939 	u_long lnum = 0;
1940 	char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1941 	unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1942 	int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1943 	FILE *krl_spec;
1944 
1945 	path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1946 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1947 		krl_spec = stdin;
1948 		free(path);
1949 		path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
1950 	} else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
1951 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1952 
1953 	if (!quiet)
1954 		printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
1955 	while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
1956 	    &lnum) == 0) {
1957 		was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
1958 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1959 		/* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
1960 		for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1961 			if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
1962 				cp[i] = '\0';
1963 				break;
1964 			}
1965 			if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
1966 				/* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
1967 				if (r == -1)
1968 					r = i;
1969 			} else
1970 				r = -1;
1971 		}
1972 		if (r != -1)
1973 			cp[r] = '\0';
1974 		if (*cp == '\0')
1975 			continue;
1976 		if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
1977 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
1978 				fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
1979 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
1980 			}
1981 			cp += 7;
1982 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
1983 			errno = 0;
1984 			serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1985 			if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
1986 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1987 				    path, lnum, cp);
1988 			if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
1989 				fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
1990 				    path, lnum);
1991 			serial2 = serial;
1992 			if (*ep == '-') {
1993 				cp = ep + 1;
1994 				errno = 0;
1995 				serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1996 				if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
1997 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1998 					    path, lnum, cp);
1999 				if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2000 					fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2001 					    path, lnum);
2002 				if (serial2 <= serial)
2003 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2004 					    "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2005 					    (unsigned long long)serial,
2006 					    (unsigned long long)serial2);
2007 			}
2008 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2009 			    ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2010 				fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2011 				    __func__);
2012 			}
2013 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2014 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2015 				fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2016 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2017 			}
2018 			cp += 3;
2019 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2020 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2021 				fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2022 		} else {
2023 			if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2024 				cp += 4;
2025 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2026 				was_explicit_key = 1;
2027 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2028 				cp += 5;
2029 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2030 				was_sha1 = 1;
2031 			} else {
2032 				/*
2033 				 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2034 				 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2035 				 */
2036 			}
2037 			if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2038 				fatal("key_new");
2039 			if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2040 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2041 				    path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2042 			if (was_explicit_key)
2043 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2044 			else if (was_sha1)
2045 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2046 			else
2047 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2048 			if (r != 0)
2049 				fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2050 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2051 			sshkey_free(key);
2052 		}
2053 	}
2054 	if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2055 		fclose(krl_spec);
2056 	free(path);
2057 }
2058 
2059 static void
2060 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2061 {
2062 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2063 	struct stat sb;
2064 	struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2065 	int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2066 	char *tmp;
2067 	struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2068 
2069 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2070 		fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2071 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2072 		if (errno != ENOENT)
2073 			fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2074 			    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2075 		if (updating)
2076 			fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2077 	}
2078 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2079 		if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2080 			wild_ca = 1;
2081 		else {
2082 			tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2083 			if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2084 				fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2085 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
2086 			free(tmp);
2087 		}
2088 	}
2089 
2090 	if (updating)
2091 		load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2092 	else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2093 		fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2094 
2095 	if (cert_serial != 0)
2096 		ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2097 	if (identity_comment != NULL)
2098 		ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2099 
2100 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2101 		update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2102 
2103 	if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2104 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2105 	if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2106 		fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2107 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2108 		fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2109 	if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2110 	    sshbuf_len(kbuf))
2111 		fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2112 	close(fd);
2113 	sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2114 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2115 	if (ca != NULL)
2116 		sshkey_free(ca);
2117 }
2118 
2119 static void
2120 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2121 {
2122 	int i, r, ret = 0;
2123 	char *comment;
2124 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2125 	struct sshkey *k;
2126 
2127 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2128 		fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2129 	load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2130 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2131 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2132 			fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2133 			    argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2134 		r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2135 		printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2136 		    *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2137 		    r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2138 		if (r != 0)
2139 			ret = 1;
2140 		sshkey_free(k);
2141 		free(comment);
2142 	}
2143 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2144 	exit(ret);
2145 }
2146 
2147 static void
2148 usage(void)
2149 {
2150 	fprintf(stderr,
2151 	    "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2152 	    "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2153 	    "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2154 	    "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2155 	    "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2156 	    "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2157 	    "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2158 	    "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2159 	    "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2160 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2161 	fprintf(stderr,
2162 	    "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2163 #endif
2164 	fprintf(stderr,
2165 	    "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2166 	    "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2167 	    "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2168 	    "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2169 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2170 	    "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2171 	    "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2172 	    "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2173 #endif
2174 	    "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2175 	    "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2176 	    "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2177 	    "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2178 	    "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2179 	    "                  file ...\n"
2180 	    "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2181 	exit(1);
2182 }
2183 
2184 /*
2185  * Main program for key management.
2186  */
2187 int
2188 main(int argc, char **argv)
2189 {
2190 	char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2191 	char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2192 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
2193 	struct passwd *pw;
2194 	struct stat st;
2195 	int r, opt, type, fd;
2196 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2197 	FILE *f;
2198 	const char *errstr;
2199 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2200 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2201 	char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2202 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2203 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2204 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2205 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2206 #endif
2207 
2208 	extern int optind;
2209 	extern char *optarg;
2210 
2211 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2212 	sanitise_stdfd();
2213 
2214 	__progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2215 
2216 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2217 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2218 #endif
2219 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2220 
2221 	seed_rng();
2222 
2223 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2224 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2225 	if (!pw)
2226 		fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2227 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2228 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2229 
2230 	/* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2231 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2232 	    "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2233 	    "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2234 		switch (opt) {
2235 		case 'A':
2236 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2237 			break;
2238 		case 'b':
2239 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2240 			if (errstr)
2241 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2242 					optarg, errstr);
2243 			break;
2244 		case 'E':
2245 			fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2246 			if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2247 				fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2248 			break;
2249 		case 'F':
2250 			find_host = 1;
2251 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2252 			break;
2253 		case 'H':
2254 			hash_hosts = 1;
2255 			break;
2256 		case 'I':
2257 			cert_key_id = optarg;
2258 			break;
2259 		case 'R':
2260 			delete_host = 1;
2261 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2262 			break;
2263 		case 'L':
2264 			show_cert = 1;
2265 			break;
2266 		case 'l':
2267 			print_fingerprint = 1;
2268 			break;
2269 		case 'B':
2270 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
2271 			break;
2272 		case 'm':
2273 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2274 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2275 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2276 				break;
2277 			}
2278 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2279 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2280 				break;
2281 			}
2282 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2283 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2284 				break;
2285 			}
2286 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2287 		case 'n':
2288 			cert_principals = optarg;
2289 			break;
2290 		case 'o':
2291 			use_new_format = 1;
2292 			break;
2293 		case 'p':
2294 			change_passphrase = 1;
2295 			break;
2296 		case 'c':
2297 			change_comment = 1;
2298 			break;
2299 		case 'f':
2300 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2301 			    sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2302 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
2303 			have_identity = 1;
2304 			break;
2305 		case 'g':
2306 			print_generic = 1;
2307 			break;
2308 		case 'P':
2309 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
2310 			break;
2311 		case 'N':
2312 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2313 			break;
2314 		case 'Q':
2315 			check_krl = 1;
2316 			break;
2317 		case 'O':
2318 			add_cert_option(optarg);
2319 			break;
2320 		case 'Z':
2321 			new_format_cipher = optarg;
2322 			break;
2323 		case 'C':
2324 			identity_comment = optarg;
2325 			break;
2326 		case 'q':
2327 			quiet = 1;
2328 			break;
2329 		case 'e':
2330 		case 'x':
2331 			/* export key */
2332 			convert_to = 1;
2333 			break;
2334 		case 'h':
2335 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2336 			certflags_flags = 0;
2337 			break;
2338 		case 'k':
2339 			gen_krl = 1;
2340 			break;
2341 		case 'i':
2342 		case 'X':
2343 			/* import key */
2344 			convert_from = 1;
2345 			break;
2346 		case 'y':
2347 			print_public = 1;
2348 			break;
2349 		case 's':
2350 			ca_key_path = optarg;
2351 			break;
2352 		case 't':
2353 			key_type_name = optarg;
2354 			break;
2355 		case 'D':
2356 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
2357 			break;
2358 		case 'u':
2359 			update_krl = 1;
2360 			break;
2361 		case 'v':
2362 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2363 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2364 			else {
2365 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2366 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2367 					log_level++;
2368 			}
2369 			break;
2370 		case 'r':
2371 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2372 			break;
2373 		case 'a':
2374 			rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2375 			if (errstr)
2376 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2377 					optarg, errstr);
2378 			break;
2379 		case 'V':
2380 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
2381 			break;
2382 		case 'z':
2383 			errno = 0;
2384 			cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2385 			if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2386 			    (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2387 				fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2388 			break;
2389 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2390 		/* Moduli generation/screening */
2391 		case 'W':
2392 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2393 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2394 			if (errstr)
2395 				fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2396 					optarg, errstr);
2397 			break;
2398 		case 'M':
2399 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2400 			if (errstr)
2401 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2402 			break;
2403 		case 'G':
2404 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
2405 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2406 			    sizeof(out_file))
2407 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2408 			break;
2409 		case 'T':
2410 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
2411 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2412 			    sizeof(out_file))
2413 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2414 			break;
2415 		case 'K':
2416 			if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2417 				fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2418 			checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2419 			break;
2420 		case 'S':
2421 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2422 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2423 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2424 			break;
2425 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2426 		case '?':
2427 		default:
2428 			usage();
2429 		}
2430 	}
2431 
2432 	/* reinit */
2433 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2434 
2435 	argv += optind;
2436 	argc -= optind;
2437 
2438 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2439 		if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2440 			error("Too few arguments.");
2441 			usage();
2442 		}
2443 	} else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2444 		error("Too many arguments.");
2445 		usage();
2446 	}
2447 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2448 		error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2449 		usage();
2450 	}
2451 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2452 		error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2453 		usage();
2454 	}
2455 	if (gen_krl) {
2456 		do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2457 		return (0);
2458 	}
2459 	if (check_krl) {
2460 		do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2461 		return (0);
2462 	}
2463 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2464 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2465 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2466 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2467 	}
2468 	if (show_cert)
2469 		do_show_cert(pw);
2470 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2471 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2472 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2473 		do_download(pw);
2474 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2475 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2476 	if (change_passphrase)
2477 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2478 	if (change_comment)
2479 		do_change_comment(pw);
2480 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2481 	if (convert_to)
2482 		do_convert_to(pw);
2483 	if (convert_from)
2484 		do_convert_from(pw);
2485 #endif
2486 	if (print_public)
2487 		do_print_public(pw);
2488 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2489 		unsigned int n = 0;
2490 
2491 		if (have_identity) {
2492 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2493 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2494 			if (n == 0)
2495 				fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2496 			exit(0);
2497 		} else {
2498 
2499 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2500 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2501 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2502 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2503 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2504 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2505 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2506 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2507 			if (n == 0)
2508 				fatal("no keys found.");
2509 			exit(0);
2510 		}
2511 	}
2512 
2513 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2514 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2515 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2516 
2517 		if (out == NULL) {
2518 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2519 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2520 			return (1);
2521 		}
2522 		if (bits == 0)
2523 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2524 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2525 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2526 
2527 		return (0);
2528 	}
2529 
2530 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2531 		FILE *in;
2532 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2533 
2534 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2535 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2536 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2537 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2538 				    strerror(errno));
2539 			}
2540 		} else
2541 			in = stdin;
2542 
2543 		if (out == NULL) {
2544 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2545 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2546 		}
2547 		if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2548 		    generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2549 		    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2550 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2551 		return (0);
2552 	}
2553 #endif
2554 
2555 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2556 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2557 		return (0);
2558 	}
2559 
2560 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2561 		key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2562 
2563 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2564 	type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2565 
2566 	if (!quiet)
2567 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2568 		    key_type_name);
2569 	if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2570 		fatal("key_generate failed");
2571 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2572 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2573 
2574 	if (!have_identity)
2575 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2576 
2577 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2578 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2579 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2580 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2581 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2582 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2583 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2584 				    strerror(errno));
2585 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2586 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2587 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2588 			} else if (!quiet)
2589 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2590 		}
2591 	}
2592 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2593 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2594 		char yesno[3];
2595 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2596 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2597 		fflush(stdout);
2598 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2599 			exit(1);
2600 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2601 			exit(1);
2602 	}
2603 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2604 	if (identity_passphrase)
2605 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2606 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2607 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2608 	else {
2609 passphrase_again:
2610 		passphrase1 =
2611 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2612 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2613 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2614 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2615 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2616 			/*
2617 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2618 			 * retry.
2619 			 */
2620 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2621 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2622 			free(passphrase1);
2623 			free(passphrase2);
2624 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2625 			goto passphrase_again;
2626 		}
2627 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2628 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2629 		free(passphrase2);
2630 	}
2631 
2632 	if (identity_comment) {
2633 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2634 	} else {
2635 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2636 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2637 	}
2638 
2639 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2640 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2641 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2642 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2643 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2644 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2645 		free(passphrase1);
2646 		exit(1);
2647 	}
2648 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2649 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2650 	free(passphrase1);
2651 
2652 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2653 	sshkey_free(private);
2654 
2655 	if (!quiet)
2656 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2657 
2658 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2659 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2660 		fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2661 		    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2662 	if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2663 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2664 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2665 		error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2666 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2667 	fclose(f);
2668 
2669 	if (!quiet) {
2670 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2671 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2672 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2673 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2674 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2675 			fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2676 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2677 		    identity_file);
2678 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2679 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2680 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2681 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2682 		free(ra);
2683 		free(fp);
2684 	}
2685 
2686 	sshkey_free(public);
2687 	exit(0);
2688 }
2689