xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/misc.c (revision 8657387683946d0c03e09fe77029edfe309eeb20)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.109 2017/03/14 00:55:37 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include "includes.h"
28 
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
32 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
33 #include <sys/time.h>
34 #include <sys/un.h>
35 
36 #include <limits.h>
37 #include <stdarg.h>
38 #include <stdio.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <time.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include <netinet/in.h>
45 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
46 #include <netinet/ip.h>
47 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
48 
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <errno.h>
51 #include <fcntl.h>
52 #include <netdb.h>
53 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
54 # include <paths.h>
55 #include <pwd.h>
56 #endif
57 #ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
58 #include <net/if.h>
59 #endif
60 
61 #include "xmalloc.h"
62 #include "misc.h"
63 #include "log.h"
64 #include "ssh.h"
65 
66 /* remove newline at end of string */
67 char *
68 chop(char *s)
69 {
70 	char *t = s;
71 	while (*t) {
72 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
73 			*t = '\0';
74 			return s;
75 		}
76 		t++;
77 	}
78 	return s;
79 
80 }
81 
82 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
83 int
84 set_nonblock(int fd)
85 {
86 	int val;
87 
88 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
89 	if (val < 0) {
90 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
91 		return (-1);
92 	}
93 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
94 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
95 		return (0);
96 	}
97 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
98 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
99 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
100 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
101 		    strerror(errno));
102 		return (-1);
103 	}
104 	return (0);
105 }
106 
107 int
108 unset_nonblock(int fd)
109 {
110 	int val;
111 
112 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
113 	if (val < 0) {
114 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
115 		return (-1);
116 	}
117 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
118 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
119 		return (0);
120 	}
121 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
122 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
123 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
124 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
125 		    fd, strerror(errno));
126 		return (-1);
127 	}
128 	return (0);
129 }
130 
131 const char *
132 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
133 {
134 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
135 		return strerror(errno);
136 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
137 }
138 
139 /* disable nagle on socket */
140 void
141 set_nodelay(int fd)
142 {
143 	int opt;
144 	socklen_t optlen;
145 
146 	optlen = sizeof opt;
147 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
148 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
149 		return;
150 	}
151 	if (opt == 1) {
152 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
153 		return;
154 	}
155 	opt = 1;
156 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
157 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
158 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
159 }
160 
161 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
162 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
163 #define QUOTE	"\""
164 
165 /* return next token in configuration line */
166 char *
167 strdelim(char **s)
168 {
169 	char *old;
170 	int wspace = 0;
171 
172 	if (*s == NULL)
173 		return NULL;
174 
175 	old = *s;
176 
177 	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
178 	if (*s == NULL)
179 		return (old);
180 
181 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
182 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
183 		/* Find matching quote */
184 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
185 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
186 		} else {
187 			*s[0] = '\0';
188 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
189 			return (old);
190 		}
191 	}
192 
193 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
194 	if (*s[0] == '=')
195 		wspace = 1;
196 	*s[0] = '\0';
197 
198 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
199 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
200 	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
201 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
202 
203 	return (old);
204 }
205 
206 struct passwd *
207 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
208 {
209 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
210 
211 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
212 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
213 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
214 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
215 #endif
216 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
217 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
218 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_EXPIRE
219 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
220 #endif
221 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CHANGE
222 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
223 #endif
224 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
225 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
226 #endif
227 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
228 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
229 	return copy;
230 }
231 
232 /*
233  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
234  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
235  * Return -1 if invalid.
236  */
237 int
238 a2port(const char *s)
239 {
240 	long long port;
241 	const char *errstr;
242 
243 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
244 	if (errstr != NULL)
245 		return -1;
246 	return (int)port;
247 }
248 
249 int
250 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
251 {
252 	const char *errstr = NULL;
253 	char *sp, *ep;
254 	int tun;
255 
256 	if (remote != NULL) {
257 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
258 		sp = xstrdup(s);
259 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
260 			free(sp);
261 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
262 		}
263 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
264 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
265 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
266 		free(sp);
267 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
268 	}
269 
270 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
271 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
272 
273 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
274 	if (errstr != NULL)
275 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
276 
277 	return (tun);
278 }
279 
280 #define SECONDS		1
281 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
282 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
283 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
284 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
285 
286 /*
287  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
288  * a sequence of:
289  *      time[qualifier]
290  *
291  * Valid time qualifiers are:
292  *      <none>  seconds
293  *      s|S     seconds
294  *      m|M     minutes
295  *      h|H     hours
296  *      d|D     days
297  *      w|W     weeks
298  *
299  * Examples:
300  *      90m     90 minutes
301  *      1h30m   90 minutes
302  *      2d      2 days
303  *      1w      1 week
304  *
305  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
306  */
307 long
308 convtime(const char *s)
309 {
310 	long total, secs, multiplier = 1;
311 	const char *p;
312 	char *endp;
313 
314 	errno = 0;
315 	total = 0;
316 	p = s;
317 
318 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
319 		return -1;
320 
321 	while (*p) {
322 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
323 		if (p == endp ||
324 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
325 		    secs < 0)
326 			return -1;
327 
328 		switch (*endp++) {
329 		case '\0':
330 			endp--;
331 			break;
332 		case 's':
333 		case 'S':
334 			break;
335 		case 'm':
336 		case 'M':
337 			multiplier = MINUTES;
338 			break;
339 		case 'h':
340 		case 'H':
341 			multiplier = HOURS;
342 			break;
343 		case 'd':
344 		case 'D':
345 			multiplier = DAYS;
346 			break;
347 		case 'w':
348 		case 'W':
349 			multiplier = WEEKS;
350 			break;
351 		default:
352 			return -1;
353 		}
354 		if (secs >= LONG_MAX / multiplier)
355 			return -1;
356 		secs *= multiplier;
357 		if  (total >= LONG_MAX - secs)
358 			return -1;
359 		total += secs;
360 		if (total < 0)
361 			return -1;
362 		p = endp;
363 	}
364 
365 	return total;
366 }
367 
368 /*
369  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
370  * Caller must free returned string.
371  */
372 char *
373 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
374 {
375 	char *hoststr;
376 
377 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
378 		return(xstrdup(host));
379 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
380 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
381 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
382 	return hoststr;
383 }
384 
385 /*
386  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
387  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
388  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
389  * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
390  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
391  */
392 char *
393 hpdelim(char **cp)
394 {
395 	char *s, *old;
396 
397 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
398 		return NULL;
399 
400 	old = s = *cp;
401 	if (*s == '[') {
402 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
403 			return NULL;
404 		else
405 			s++;
406 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
407 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
408 
409 	switch (*s) {
410 	case '\0':
411 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
412 		break;
413 
414 	case ':':
415 	case '/':
416 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
417 		*cp = s + 1;
418 		break;
419 
420 	default:
421 		return NULL;
422 	}
423 
424 	return old;
425 }
426 
427 char *
428 cleanhostname(char *host)
429 {
430 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
431 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
432 		return (host + 1);
433 	} else
434 		return host;
435 }
436 
437 char *
438 colon(char *cp)
439 {
440 	int flag = 0;
441 
442 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
443 		return NULL;
444 	if (*cp == '[')
445 		flag = 1;
446 
447 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
448 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
449 			flag = 1;
450 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
451 			return (cp+1);
452 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
453 			return (cp);
454 		if (*cp == '/')
455 			return NULL;
456 	}
457 	return NULL;
458 }
459 
460 /*
461  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
462  * Caller must free returned user and host.
463  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
464  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
465  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
466  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
467  */
468 int
469 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
470 {
471 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
472 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
473 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
474 
475 	if (userp != NULL)
476 		*userp = NULL;
477 	if (hostp != NULL)
478 		*hostp = NULL;
479 	if (portp != NULL)
480 		*portp = -1;
481 
482 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
483 		return -1;
484 	/* Extract optional username */
485 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
486 		*cp = '\0';
487 		if (*tmp == '\0')
488 			goto out;
489 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
490 			goto out;
491 		tmp = cp + 1;
492 	}
493 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
494 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
495 		goto out;
496 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
497 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
498 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
499 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
500 			goto out;
501 	}
502 	/* Success */
503 	if (userp != NULL) {
504 		*userp = user;
505 		user = NULL;
506 	}
507 	if (hostp != NULL) {
508 		*hostp = host;
509 		host = NULL;
510 	}
511 	if (portp != NULL)
512 		*portp = port;
513 	ret = 0;
514  out:
515 	free(sdup);
516 	free(user);
517 	free(host);
518 	return ret;
519 }
520 
521 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
522 void
523 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
524 {
525 	va_list ap;
526 	char *cp;
527 	u_int nalloc;
528 	int r;
529 
530 	va_start(ap, fmt);
531 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
532 	va_end(ap);
533 	if (r == -1)
534 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
535 
536 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
537 	if (args->list == NULL) {
538 		nalloc = 32;
539 		args->num = 0;
540 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
541 		nalloc *= 2;
542 
543 	args->list = xreallocarray(args->list, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
544 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
545 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
546 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
547 }
548 
549 void
550 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
551 {
552 	va_list ap;
553 	char *cp;
554 	int r;
555 
556 	va_start(ap, fmt);
557 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
558 	va_end(ap);
559 	if (r == -1)
560 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
561 
562 	if (which >= args->num)
563 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
564 		    which, args->num);
565 	free(args->list[which]);
566 	args->list[which] = cp;
567 }
568 
569 void
570 freeargs(arglist *args)
571 {
572 	u_int i;
573 
574 	if (args->list != NULL) {
575 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
576 			free(args->list[i]);
577 		free(args->list);
578 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
579 		args->list = NULL;
580 	}
581 }
582 
583 /*
584  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
585  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
586  */
587 char *
588 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
589 {
590 	const char *path, *sep;
591 	char user[128], *ret;
592 	struct passwd *pw;
593 	u_int len, slash;
594 
595 	if (*filename != '~')
596 		return (xstrdup(filename));
597 	filename++;
598 
599 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
600 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
601 		slash = path - filename;
602 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
603 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
604 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
605 		user[slash] = '\0';
606 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
607 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
608 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
609 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
610 
611 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
612 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
613 	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
614 		sep = "/";
615 	else
616 		sep = "";
617 
618 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
619 	if (path != NULL)
620 		filename = path + 1;
621 
622 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
623 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
624 
625 	return (ret);
626 }
627 
628 /*
629  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
630  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
631  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
632  * allocated by xmalloc.
633  */
634 char *
635 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
636 {
637 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
638 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
639 	struct {
640 		const char *key;
641 		const char *repl;
642 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
643 	char buf[4096];
644 	va_list ap;
645 
646 	/* Gather keys */
647 	va_start(ap, string);
648 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
649 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
650 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
651 			break;
652 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
653 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
654 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
655 	}
656 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
657 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
658 	va_end(ap);
659 
660 	/* Expand string */
661 	*buf = '\0';
662 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
663 		if (*string != '%') {
664  append:
665 			buf[i++] = *string;
666 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
667 				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
668 			buf[i] = '\0';
669 			continue;
670 		}
671 		string++;
672 		/* %% case */
673 		if (*string == '%')
674 			goto append;
675 		if (*string == '\0')
676 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
677 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
678 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
679 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
680 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
681 					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
682 				break;
683 			}
684 		}
685 		if (j >= num_keys)
686 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
687 	}
688 	return (xstrdup(buf));
689 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
690 }
691 
692 /*
693  * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
694  * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
695  */
696 int
697 read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
698    u_long *lineno)
699 {
700 	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
701 		if (buf[0] == '\0')
702 			continue;
703 		(*lineno)++;
704 		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
705 			return 0;
706 		} else {
707 			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
708 			    filename, *lineno);
709 			/* discard remainder of line */
710 			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
711 				;	/* nothing */
712 		}
713 	}
714 	return -1;
715 }
716 
717 int
718 tun_open(int tun, int mode)
719 {
720 #if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
721 	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode));
722 #elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
723 	struct ifreq ifr;
724 	char name[100];
725 	int fd = -1, sock;
726 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
727 
728 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
729 		tunbase = "tap";
730 
731 	/* Open the tunnel device */
732 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
733 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
734 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
735 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
736 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
737 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
738 			    tunbase, tun);
739 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
740 				break;
741 		}
742 	} else {
743 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
744 		return -1;
745 	}
746 
747 	if (fd < 0) {
748 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
749 		return -1;
750 	}
751 
752 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
753 
754 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
755 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
756 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
757 		goto failed;
758 
759 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
760 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
761 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
762 		goto failed;
763 	}
764 
765 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
766 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
767 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
768 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
769 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
770 			goto failed;
771 		}
772 	}
773 
774 	close(sock);
775 	return fd;
776 
777  failed:
778 	if (fd >= 0)
779 		close(fd);
780 	if (sock >= 0)
781 		close(sock);
782 	return -1;
783 #else
784 	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
785 	return (-1);
786 #endif
787 }
788 
789 void
790 sanitise_stdfd(void)
791 {
792 	int nullfd, dupfd;
793 
794 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
795 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
796 		    strerror(errno));
797 		exit(1);
798 	}
799 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
800 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
801 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
802 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
803 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
804 				exit(1);
805 			}
806 		}
807 	}
808 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
809 		close(nullfd);
810 }
811 
812 char *
813 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
814 {
815 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
816 	char b[3], *r;
817 	size_t i, hl;
818 
819 	if (l > 65536)
820 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
821 
822 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
823 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
824 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
825 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
826 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
827 	}
828 	return (r);
829 }
830 
831 u_int64_t
832 get_u64(const void *vp)
833 {
834 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
835 	u_int64_t v;
836 
837 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
838 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
839 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
840 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
841 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
842 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
843 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
844 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
845 
846 	return (v);
847 }
848 
849 u_int32_t
850 get_u32(const void *vp)
851 {
852 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
853 	u_int32_t v;
854 
855 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
856 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
857 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
858 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
859 
860 	return (v);
861 }
862 
863 u_int32_t
864 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
865 {
866 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
867 	u_int32_t v;
868 
869 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
870 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
871 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
872 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
873 
874 	return (v);
875 }
876 
877 u_int16_t
878 get_u16(const void *vp)
879 {
880 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
881 	u_int16_t v;
882 
883 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
884 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
885 
886 	return (v);
887 }
888 
889 void
890 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
891 {
892 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
893 
894 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
895 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
896 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
897 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
898 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
899 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
900 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
901 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
902 }
903 
904 void
905 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
906 {
907 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
908 
909 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
910 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
911 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
912 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
913 }
914 
915 void
916 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
917 {
918 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
919 
920 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
921 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
922 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
923 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
924 }
925 
926 void
927 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
928 {
929 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
930 
931 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
932 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
933 }
934 
935 void
936 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
937 {
938 	struct timeval diff, finish;
939 
940 	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
941 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
942 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
943 }
944 
945 void
946 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
947 {
948 	if (ms < 0)
949 		ms = 0;
950 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
951 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
952 }
953 
954 time_t
955 monotime(void)
956 {
957 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && \
958     (defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME))
959 	struct timespec ts;
960 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
961 
962 	if (!gettime_failed) {
963 #if defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME)
964 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) == 0)
965 			return (ts.tv_sec);
966 #endif
967 #if defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
968 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == 0)
969 			return (ts.tv_sec);
970 #endif
971 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
972 		gettime_failed = 1;
973 	}
974 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (CLOCK_MONOTONIC || CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
975 
976 	return time(NULL);
977 }
978 
979 double
980 monotime_double(void)
981 {
982 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && \
983     (defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME))
984 	struct timespec ts;
985 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
986 
987 	if (!gettime_failed) {
988 #if defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME)
989 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) == 0)
990 			return (ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
991 #endif
992 #if defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
993 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == 0)
994 			return (ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
995 #endif
996 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
997 		gettime_failed = 1;
998 	}
999 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (CLOCK_MONOTONIC || CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
1000 
1001 	return (double)time(NULL);
1002 }
1003 
1004 void
1005 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1006 {
1007 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1008 	bw->rate = kbps;
1009 	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
1010 	bw->lamt = 0;
1011 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1012 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1013 }
1014 
1015 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1016 void
1017 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1018 {
1019 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1020 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1021 
1022 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1023 		gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1024 		return;
1025 	}
1026 
1027 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1028 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1029 		return;
1030 
1031 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwend, NULL);
1032 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1033 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1034 		return;
1035 
1036 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1037 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1038 
1039 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1040 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1041 
1042 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1043 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1044 
1045 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1046 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1047 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1048 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1049 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1050 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1051 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1052 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1053 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1054 		}
1055 
1056 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1057 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1058 			if (errno != EINTR)
1059 				break;
1060 			ts = rm;
1061 		}
1062 	}
1063 
1064 	bw->lamt = 0;
1065 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1066 }
1067 
1068 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1069 void
1070 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1071 {
1072 	const char *tmpdir;
1073 	int r;
1074 
1075 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1076 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1077 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1078 			return;
1079 	}
1080 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1081 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1082 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1083 }
1084 
1085 static const struct {
1086 	const char *name;
1087 	int value;
1088 } ipqos[] = {
1089 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1090 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1091 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1092 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1093 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1094 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1095 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1096 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1097 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1098 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1099 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1100 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1101 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1102 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1103 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1104 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1105 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1106 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1107 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1108 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1109 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1110 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1111 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1112 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1113 	{ NULL, -1 }
1114 };
1115 
1116 int
1117 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1118 {
1119 	u_int i;
1120 	char *ep;
1121 	long val;
1122 
1123 	if (cp == NULL)
1124 		return -1;
1125 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1126 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1127 			return ipqos[i].value;
1128 	}
1129 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1130 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1131 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1132 		return -1;
1133 	return val;
1134 }
1135 
1136 const char *
1137 iptos2str(int iptos)
1138 {
1139 	int i;
1140 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1141 
1142 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1143 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1144 			return ipqos[i].name;
1145 	}
1146 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1147 	return iptos_str;
1148 }
1149 
1150 void
1151 lowercase(char *s)
1152 {
1153 	for (; *s; s++)
1154 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1155 }
1156 
1157 int
1158 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1159 {
1160 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1161 	int saved_errno, sock;
1162 
1163 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1164 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1165 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path, sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1166 		error("%s: \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket", __func__,
1167 		    path);
1168 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1169 		return -1;
1170 	}
1171 
1172 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1173 	if (sock < 0) {
1174 		saved_errno = errno;
1175 		error("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1176 		errno = saved_errno;
1177 		return -1;
1178 	}
1179 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1180 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1181 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1182 	}
1183 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) < 0) {
1184 		saved_errno = errno;
1185 		error("bind: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1186 		close(sock);
1187 		error("%s: cannot bind to path: %s", __func__, path);
1188 		errno = saved_errno;
1189 		return -1;
1190 	}
1191 	if (listen(sock, backlog) < 0) {
1192 		saved_errno = errno;
1193 		error("listen: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1194 		close(sock);
1195 		unlink(path);
1196 		error("%s: cannot listen on path: %s", __func__, path);
1197 		errno = saved_errno;
1198 		return -1;
1199 	}
1200 	return sock;
1201 }
1202 
1203 void
1204 sock_set_v6only(int s)
1205 {
1206 #if defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
1207 	int on = 1;
1208 
1209 	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1210 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1211 		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1212 #endif
1213 }
1214 
1215 /*
1216  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1217  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1218  */
1219 static int
1220 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1221 {
1222 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1223 		return 0;
1224 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1225 		return 0;
1226 	return 1;
1227 }
1228 
1229 /*
1230  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1231  * zero otherwise.
1232  */
1233 int
1234 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1235 {
1236 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1237 		return 0;
1238 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1239 		return 0;
1240 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1241 		return 0;
1242 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1243 		return 0;
1244 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1245 		return 0;
1246 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1247 		return 0;
1248 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1249 	return 1;
1250 }
1251 
1252 static int
1253 ipport_reserved(void)
1254 {
1255 #if __FreeBSD__
1256 	int old, ret;
1257 	size_t len = sizeof(old);
1258 
1259 	ret = sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh",
1260 	    &old, &len, NULL, 0);
1261 	if (ret == 0)
1262 		return (old + 1);
1263 #endif
1264 	return (IPPORT_RESERVED);
1265 }
1266 
1267 /* returns 1 if bind to specified port by specified user is permitted */
1268 int
1269 bind_permitted(int port, uid_t uid)
1270 {
1271 
1272 	if (port < ipport_reserved() && uid != 0)
1273 		return 0;
1274 	return 1;
1275 }
1276 
1277 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1278 int
1279 daemonized(void)
1280 {
1281 	int fd;
1282 
1283 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1284 		close(fd);
1285 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1286 	}
1287 	if (getppid() != 1)
1288 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1289 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1290 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1291 	debug3("already daemonized");
1292 	return 1;
1293 }
1294