xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/misc.c (revision 7259ca31048e5ced8e7f90657a3d7084aeafdf51)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.170 2021/09/26 14:01:03 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  * Copyright (c) 2004 Henning Brauer <henning@openbsd.org>
6  *
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
8  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
9  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
10  *
11  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
12  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
13  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
14  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
15  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
16  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
17  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
18  */
19 
20 
21 #include "includes.h"
22 
23 #include <sys/types.h>
24 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
25 #include <sys/socket.h>
26 #include <sys/stat.h>
27 #include <sys/time.h>
28 #include <sys/wait.h>
29 #include <sys/un.h>
30 
31 #include <limits.h>
32 #ifdef HAVE_LIBGEN_H
33 # include <libgen.h>
34 #endif
35 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
36 #include <poll.h>
37 #endif
38 #include <signal.h>
39 #include <stdarg.h>
40 #include <stdio.h>
41 #include <stdlib.h>
42 #include <string.h>
43 #include <time.h>
44 #include <unistd.h>
45 
46 #include <netinet/in.h>
47 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
49 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
50 #include <arpa/inet.h>
51 
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
57 # include <paths.h>
58 #include <pwd.h>
59 #include <grp.h>
60 #endif
61 #ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
62 #include <net/if.h>
63 #endif
64 
65 #include "xmalloc.h"
66 #include "misc.h"
67 #include "log.h"
68 #include "ssh.h"
69 #include "sshbuf.h"
70 #include "ssherr.h"
71 #include "platform.h"
72 
73 /* remove newline at end of string */
74 char *
75 chop(char *s)
76 {
77 	char *t = s;
78 	while (*t) {
79 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
80 			*t = '\0';
81 			return s;
82 		}
83 		t++;
84 	}
85 	return s;
86 
87 }
88 
89 /* remove whitespace from end of string */
90 void
91 rtrim(char *s)
92 {
93 	size_t i;
94 
95 	if ((i = strlen(s)) == 0)
96 		return;
97 	for (i--; i > 0; i--) {
98 		if (isspace((int)s[i]))
99 			s[i] = '\0';
100 	}
101 }
102 
103 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
104 int
105 set_nonblock(int fd)
106 {
107 	int val;
108 
109 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
110 	if (val == -1) {
111 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
112 		return (-1);
113 	}
114 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
115 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
116 		return (0);
117 	}
118 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
119 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
120 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
121 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
122 		    strerror(errno));
123 		return (-1);
124 	}
125 	return (0);
126 }
127 
128 int
129 unset_nonblock(int fd)
130 {
131 	int val;
132 
133 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
134 	if (val == -1) {
135 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
136 		return (-1);
137 	}
138 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
139 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
140 		return (0);
141 	}
142 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
143 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
144 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
145 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
146 		    fd, strerror(errno));
147 		return (-1);
148 	}
149 	return (0);
150 }
151 
152 const char *
153 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
154 {
155 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
156 		return strerror(errno);
157 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
158 }
159 
160 /* disable nagle on socket */
161 void
162 set_nodelay(int fd)
163 {
164 	int opt;
165 	socklen_t optlen;
166 
167 	optlen = sizeof opt;
168 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
169 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
170 		return;
171 	}
172 	if (opt == 1) {
173 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
174 		return;
175 	}
176 	opt = 1;
177 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
178 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
179 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
180 }
181 
182 /* Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT */
183 int
184 set_reuseaddr(int fd)
185 {
186 	int on = 1;
187 
188 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
189 		error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
190 		return -1;
191 	}
192 	return 0;
193 }
194 
195 /* Get/set routing domain */
196 char *
197 get_rdomain(int fd)
198 {
199 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_GET_RDOMAIN)
200 	return sys_get_rdomain(fd);
201 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
202 	int rtable;
203 	char *ret;
204 	socklen_t len = sizeof(rtable);
205 
206 	if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtable, &len) == -1) {
207 		error("Failed to get routing domain for fd %d: %s",
208 		    fd, strerror(errno));
209 		return NULL;
210 	}
211 	xasprintf(&ret, "%d", rtable);
212 	return ret;
213 #else /* defined(__OpenBSD__) */
214 	return NULL;
215 #endif
216 }
217 
218 int
219 set_rdomain(int fd, const char *name)
220 {
221 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_SET_RDOMAIN)
222 	return sys_set_rdomain(fd, name);
223 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
224 	int rtable;
225 	const char *errstr;
226 
227 	if (name == NULL)
228 		return 0; /* default table */
229 
230 	rtable = (int)strtonum(name, 0, 255, &errstr);
231 	if (errstr != NULL) {
232 		/* Shouldn't happen */
233 		error("Invalid routing domain \"%s\": %s", name, errstr);
234 		return -1;
235 	}
236 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
237 	    &rtable, sizeof(rtable)) == -1) {
238 		error("Failed to set routing domain %d on fd %d: %s",
239 		    rtable, fd, strerror(errno));
240 		return -1;
241 	}
242 	return 0;
243 #else /* defined(__OpenBSD__) */
244 	error("Setting routing domain is not supported on this platform");
245 	return -1;
246 #endif
247 }
248 
249 int
250 get_sock_af(int fd)
251 {
252 	struct sockaddr_storage to;
253 	socklen_t tolen = sizeof(to);
254 
255 	memset(&to, 0, sizeof(to));
256 	if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&to, &tolen) == -1)
257 		return -1;
258 #ifdef IPV4_IN_IPV6
259 	if (to.ss_family == AF_INET6 &&
260 	    IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)&to)->sin6_addr))
261 		return AF_INET;
262 #endif
263 	return to.ss_family;
264 }
265 
266 void
267 set_sock_tos(int fd, int tos)
268 {
269 #ifndef IP_TOS_IS_BROKEN
270 	int af;
271 
272 	switch ((af = get_sock_af(fd))) {
273 	case -1:
274 		/* assume not a socket */
275 		break;
276 	case AF_INET:
277 # ifdef IP_TOS
278 		debug3_f("set socket %d IP_TOS 0x%02x", fd, tos);
279 		if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
280 		    &tos, sizeof(tos)) == -1) {
281 			error("setsockopt socket %d IP_TOS %d: %s:",
282 			    fd, tos, strerror(errno));
283 		}
284 # endif /* IP_TOS */
285 		break;
286 	case AF_INET6:
287 # ifdef IPV6_TCLASS
288 		debug3_f("set socket %d IPV6_TCLASS 0x%02x", fd, tos);
289 		if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS,
290 		    &tos, sizeof(tos)) == -1) {
291 			error("setsockopt socket %d IPV6_TCLASS %d: %.100s:",
292 			    fd, tos, strerror(errno));
293 		}
294 # endif /* IPV6_TCLASS */
295 		break;
296 	default:
297 		debug2_f("unsupported socket family %d", af);
298 		break;
299 	}
300 #endif /* IP_TOS_IS_BROKEN */
301 }
302 
303 /*
304  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for events on fd. Updates
305  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
306  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
307  */
308 static int
309 waitfd(int fd, int *timeoutp, short events)
310 {
311 	struct pollfd pfd;
312 	struct timeval t_start;
313 	int oerrno, r;
314 
315 	pfd.fd = fd;
316 	pfd.events = events;
317 	for (; *timeoutp >= 0;) {
318 		monotime_tv(&t_start);
319 		r = poll(&pfd, 1, *timeoutp);
320 		oerrno = errno;
321 		ms_subtract_diff(&t_start, timeoutp);
322 		errno = oerrno;
323 		if (r > 0)
324 			return 0;
325 		else if (r == -1 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR)
326 			return -1;
327 		else if (r == 0)
328 			break;
329 	}
330 	/* timeout */
331 	errno = ETIMEDOUT;
332 	return -1;
333 }
334 
335 /*
336  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for fd to be readable. Updates
337  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
338  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
339  */
340 int
341 waitrfd(int fd, int *timeoutp) {
342 	return waitfd(fd, timeoutp, POLLIN);
343 }
344 
345 /*
346  * Attempt a non-blocking connect(2) to the specified address, waiting up to
347  * *timeoutp milliseconds for the connection to complete. If the timeout is
348  * <=0, then wait indefinitely.
349  *
350  * Returns 0 on success or -1 on failure.
351  */
352 int
353 timeout_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *serv_addr,
354     socklen_t addrlen, int *timeoutp)
355 {
356 	int optval = 0;
357 	socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
358 
359 	/* No timeout: just do a blocking connect() */
360 	if (timeoutp == NULL || *timeoutp <= 0)
361 		return connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen);
362 
363 	set_nonblock(sockfd);
364 	for (;;) {
365 		if (connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen) == 0) {
366 			/* Succeeded already? */
367 			unset_nonblock(sockfd);
368 			return 0;
369 		} else if (errno == EINTR)
370 			continue;
371 		else if (errno != EINPROGRESS)
372 			return -1;
373 		break;
374 	}
375 
376 	if (waitfd(sockfd, timeoutp, POLLIN | POLLOUT) == -1)
377 		return -1;
378 
379 	/* Completed or failed */
380 	if (getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &optval, &optlen) == -1) {
381 		debug("getsockopt: %s", strerror(errno));
382 		return -1;
383 	}
384 	if (optval != 0) {
385 		errno = optval;
386 		return -1;
387 	}
388 	unset_nonblock(sockfd);
389 	return 0;
390 }
391 
392 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
393 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
394 #define QUOTE	"\""
395 
396 /* return next token in configuration line */
397 static char *
398 strdelim_internal(char **s, int split_equals)
399 {
400 	char *old;
401 	int wspace = 0;
402 
403 	if (*s == NULL)
404 		return NULL;
405 
406 	old = *s;
407 
408 	*s = strpbrk(*s,
409 	    split_equals ? WHITESPACE QUOTE "=" : WHITESPACE QUOTE);
410 	if (*s == NULL)
411 		return (old);
412 
413 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
414 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
415 		/* Find matching quote */
416 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
417 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
418 		} else {
419 			*s[0] = '\0';
420 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
421 			return (old);
422 		}
423 	}
424 
425 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
426 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=')
427 		wspace = 1;
428 	*s[0] = '\0';
429 
430 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
431 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
432 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
433 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
434 
435 	return (old);
436 }
437 
438 /*
439  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace or a
440  * single '=' character.
441  */
442 char *
443 strdelim(char **s)
444 {
445 	return strdelim_internal(s, 1);
446 }
447 
448 /*
449  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace only.
450  */
451 char *
452 strdelimw(char **s)
453 {
454 	return strdelim_internal(s, 0);
455 }
456 
457 struct passwd *
458 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
459 {
460 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
461 
462 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
463 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd == NULL ? "*" : pw->pw_passwd);
464 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
465 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
466 #endif
467 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
468 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
469 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_EXPIRE
470 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
471 #endif
472 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CHANGE
473 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
474 #endif
475 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
476 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
477 #endif
478 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
479 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
480 	return copy;
481 }
482 
483 /*
484  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
485  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
486  * Return -1 if invalid.
487  */
488 int
489 a2port(const char *s)
490 {
491 	struct servent *se;
492 	long long port;
493 	const char *errstr;
494 
495 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
496 	if (errstr == NULL)
497 		return (int)port;
498 	if ((se = getservbyname(s, "tcp")) != NULL)
499 		return ntohs(se->s_port);
500 	return -1;
501 }
502 
503 int
504 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
505 {
506 	const char *errstr = NULL;
507 	char *sp, *ep;
508 	int tun;
509 
510 	if (remote != NULL) {
511 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
512 		sp = xstrdup(s);
513 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
514 			free(sp);
515 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
516 		}
517 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
518 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
519 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
520 		free(sp);
521 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
522 	}
523 
524 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
525 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
526 
527 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
528 	if (errstr != NULL)
529 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
530 
531 	return (tun);
532 }
533 
534 #define SECONDS		1
535 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
536 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
537 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
538 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
539 
540 /*
541  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
542  * a sequence of:
543  *      time[qualifier]
544  *
545  * Valid time qualifiers are:
546  *      <none>  seconds
547  *      s|S     seconds
548  *      m|M     minutes
549  *      h|H     hours
550  *      d|D     days
551  *      w|W     weeks
552  *
553  * Examples:
554  *      90m     90 minutes
555  *      1h30m   90 minutes
556  *      2d      2 days
557  *      1w      1 week
558  *
559  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
560  */
561 int
562 convtime(const char *s)
563 {
564 	long total, secs, multiplier;
565 	const char *p;
566 	char *endp;
567 
568 	errno = 0;
569 	total = 0;
570 	p = s;
571 
572 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
573 		return -1;
574 
575 	while (*p) {
576 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
577 		if (p == endp ||
578 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == INT_MIN || secs == INT_MAX)) ||
579 		    secs < 0)
580 			return -1;
581 
582 		multiplier = 1;
583 		switch (*endp++) {
584 		case '\0':
585 			endp--;
586 			break;
587 		case 's':
588 		case 'S':
589 			break;
590 		case 'm':
591 		case 'M':
592 			multiplier = MINUTES;
593 			break;
594 		case 'h':
595 		case 'H':
596 			multiplier = HOURS;
597 			break;
598 		case 'd':
599 		case 'D':
600 			multiplier = DAYS;
601 			break;
602 		case 'w':
603 		case 'W':
604 			multiplier = WEEKS;
605 			break;
606 		default:
607 			return -1;
608 		}
609 		if (secs > INT_MAX / multiplier)
610 			return -1;
611 		secs *= multiplier;
612 		if  (total > INT_MAX - secs)
613 			return -1;
614 		total += secs;
615 		if (total < 0)
616 			return -1;
617 		p = endp;
618 	}
619 
620 	return total;
621 }
622 
623 #define TF_BUFS	8
624 #define TF_LEN	9
625 
626 const char *
627 fmt_timeframe(time_t t)
628 {
629 	char		*buf;
630 	static char	 tfbuf[TF_BUFS][TF_LEN];	/* ring buffer */
631 	static int	 idx = 0;
632 	unsigned int	 sec, min, hrs, day;
633 	unsigned long long	week;
634 
635 	buf = tfbuf[idx++];
636 	if (idx == TF_BUFS)
637 		idx = 0;
638 
639 	week = t;
640 
641 	sec = week % 60;
642 	week /= 60;
643 	min = week % 60;
644 	week /= 60;
645 	hrs = week % 24;
646 	week /= 24;
647 	day = week % 7;
648 	week /= 7;
649 
650 	if (week > 0)
651 		snprintf(buf, TF_LEN, "%02lluw%01ud%02uh", week, day, hrs);
652 	else if (day > 0)
653 		snprintf(buf, TF_LEN, "%01ud%02uh%02um", day, hrs, min);
654 	else
655 		snprintf(buf, TF_LEN, "%02u:%02u:%02u", hrs, min, sec);
656 
657 	return (buf);
658 }
659 
660 /*
661  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
662  * Caller must free returned string.
663  */
664 char *
665 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
666 {
667 	char *hoststr;
668 
669 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
670 		return(xstrdup(host));
671 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) == -1)
672 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
673 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
674 	return hoststr;
675 }
676 
677 /*
678  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
679  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
680  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
681  * *cp is set to the start of the next field, if one was found.
682  * The delimiter char, if present, is stored in delim.
683  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
684  */
685 char *
686 hpdelim2(char **cp, char *delim)
687 {
688 	char *s, *old;
689 
690 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
691 		return NULL;
692 
693 	old = s = *cp;
694 	if (*s == '[') {
695 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
696 			return NULL;
697 		else
698 			s++;
699 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
700 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
701 
702 	switch (*s) {
703 	case '\0':
704 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
705 		break;
706 
707 	case ':':
708 	case '/':
709 		if (delim != NULL)
710 			*delim = *s;
711 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
712 		*cp = s + 1;
713 		break;
714 
715 	default:
716 		return NULL;
717 	}
718 
719 	return old;
720 }
721 
722 char *
723 hpdelim(char **cp)
724 {
725 	return hpdelim2(cp, NULL);
726 }
727 
728 char *
729 cleanhostname(char *host)
730 {
731 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
732 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
733 		return (host + 1);
734 	} else
735 		return host;
736 }
737 
738 char *
739 colon(char *cp)
740 {
741 	int flag = 0;
742 
743 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
744 		return NULL;
745 	if (*cp == '[')
746 		flag = 1;
747 
748 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
749 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
750 			flag = 1;
751 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
752 			return (cp+1);
753 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
754 			return (cp);
755 		if (*cp == '/')
756 			return NULL;
757 	}
758 	return NULL;
759 }
760 
761 /*
762  * Parse a [user@]host:[path] string.
763  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
764  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
765  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
766  * If host was not specified then *hostp will be set to NULL.
767  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to ".".
768  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
769  */
770 int
771 parse_user_host_path(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, char **pathp)
772 {
773 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
774 	char *sdup, *tmp;
775 	int ret = -1;
776 
777 	if (userp != NULL)
778 		*userp = NULL;
779 	if (hostp != NULL)
780 		*hostp = NULL;
781 	if (pathp != NULL)
782 		*pathp = NULL;
783 
784 	sdup = xstrdup(s);
785 
786 	/* Check for remote syntax: [user@]host:[path] */
787 	if ((tmp = colon(sdup)) == NULL)
788 		goto out;
789 
790 	/* Extract optional path */
791 	*tmp++ = '\0';
792 	if (*tmp == '\0')
793 		tmp = ".";
794 	path = xstrdup(tmp);
795 
796 	/* Extract optional user and mandatory host */
797 	tmp = strrchr(sdup, '@');
798 	if (tmp != NULL) {
799 		*tmp++ = '\0';
800 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(tmp));
801 		if (*sdup != '\0')
802 			user = xstrdup(sdup);
803 	} else {
804 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(sdup));
805 		user = NULL;
806 	}
807 
808 	/* Success */
809 	if (userp != NULL) {
810 		*userp = user;
811 		user = NULL;
812 	}
813 	if (hostp != NULL) {
814 		*hostp = host;
815 		host = NULL;
816 	}
817 	if (pathp != NULL) {
818 		*pathp = path;
819 		path = NULL;
820 	}
821 	ret = 0;
822 out:
823 	free(sdup);
824 	free(user);
825 	free(host);
826 	free(path);
827 	return ret;
828 }
829 
830 /*
831  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
832  * Caller must free returned user and host.
833  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
834  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
835  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
836  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
837  */
838 int
839 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
840 {
841 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
842 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
843 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
844 
845 	if (userp != NULL)
846 		*userp = NULL;
847 	if (hostp != NULL)
848 		*hostp = NULL;
849 	if (portp != NULL)
850 		*portp = -1;
851 
852 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
853 		return -1;
854 	/* Extract optional username */
855 	if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
856 		*cp = '\0';
857 		if (*tmp == '\0')
858 			goto out;
859 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
860 			goto out;
861 		tmp = cp + 1;
862 	}
863 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
864 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
865 		goto out;
866 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
867 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
868 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
869 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
870 			goto out;
871 	}
872 	/* Success */
873 	if (userp != NULL) {
874 		*userp = user;
875 		user = NULL;
876 	}
877 	if (hostp != NULL) {
878 		*hostp = host;
879 		host = NULL;
880 	}
881 	if (portp != NULL)
882 		*portp = port;
883 	ret = 0;
884  out:
885 	free(sdup);
886 	free(user);
887 	free(host);
888 	return ret;
889 }
890 
891 /*
892  * Converts a two-byte hex string to decimal.
893  * Returns the decimal value or -1 for invalid input.
894  */
895 static int
896 hexchar(const char *s)
897 {
898 	unsigned char result[2];
899 	int i;
900 
901 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
902 		if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
903 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - '0');
904 		else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
905 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'a') + 10;
906 		else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
907 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'A') + 10;
908 		else
909 			return -1;
910 	}
911 	return (result[0] << 4) | result[1];
912 }
913 
914 /*
915  * Decode an url-encoded string.
916  * Returns a newly allocated string on success or NULL on failure.
917  */
918 static char *
919 urldecode(const char *src)
920 {
921 	char *ret, *dst;
922 	int ch;
923 
924 	ret = xmalloc(strlen(src) + 1);
925 	for (dst = ret; *src != '\0'; src++) {
926 		switch (*src) {
927 		case '+':
928 			*dst++ = ' ';
929 			break;
930 		case '%':
931 			if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)src[1]) ||
932 			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)src[2]) ||
933 			    (ch = hexchar(src + 1)) == -1) {
934 				free(ret);
935 				return NULL;
936 			}
937 			*dst++ = ch;
938 			src += 2;
939 			break;
940 		default:
941 			*dst++ = *src;
942 			break;
943 		}
944 	}
945 	*dst = '\0';
946 
947 	return ret;
948 }
949 
950 /*
951  * Parse an (scp|ssh|sftp)://[user@]host[:port][/path] URI.
952  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-scp-sftp-ssh-uri-04
953  * Either user or path may be url-encoded (but not host or port).
954  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
955  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking)
956  * but the scheme must always be specified.
957  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
958  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
959  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to NULL.
960  * Returns 0 on success, 1 if non-uri/wrong scheme, -1 on error/invalid uri.
961  */
962 int
963 parse_uri(const char *scheme, const char *uri, char **userp, char **hostp,
964     int *portp, char **pathp)
965 {
966 	char *uridup, *cp, *tmp, ch;
967 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
968 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
969 	size_t len;
970 
971 	len = strlen(scheme);
972 	if (strncmp(uri, scheme, len) != 0 || strncmp(uri + len, "://", 3) != 0)
973 		return 1;
974 	uri += len + 3;
975 
976 	if (userp != NULL)
977 		*userp = NULL;
978 	if (hostp != NULL)
979 		*hostp = NULL;
980 	if (portp != NULL)
981 		*portp = -1;
982 	if (pathp != NULL)
983 		*pathp = NULL;
984 
985 	uridup = tmp = xstrdup(uri);
986 
987 	/* Extract optional ssh-info (username + connection params) */
988 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
989 		char *delim;
990 
991 		*cp = '\0';
992 		/* Extract username and connection params */
993 		if ((delim = strchr(tmp, ';')) != NULL) {
994 			/* Just ignore connection params for now */
995 			*delim = '\0';
996 		}
997 		if (*tmp == '\0') {
998 			/* Empty username */
999 			goto out;
1000 		}
1001 		if ((user = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
1002 			goto out;
1003 		tmp = cp + 1;
1004 	}
1005 
1006 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
1007 	if ((cp = hpdelim2(&tmp, &ch)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
1008 		goto out;
1009 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
1010 	if (!valid_domain(host, 0, NULL))
1011 		goto out;
1012 
1013 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
1014 		if (ch == ':') {
1015 			/* Convert and verify port. */
1016 			if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '/')) != NULL)
1017 				*cp = '\0';
1018 			if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
1019 				goto out;
1020 			tmp = cp ? cp + 1 : NULL;
1021 		}
1022 		if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
1023 			/* Extract optional path */
1024 			if ((path = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
1025 				goto out;
1026 		}
1027 	}
1028 
1029 	/* Success */
1030 	if (userp != NULL) {
1031 		*userp = user;
1032 		user = NULL;
1033 	}
1034 	if (hostp != NULL) {
1035 		*hostp = host;
1036 		host = NULL;
1037 	}
1038 	if (portp != NULL)
1039 		*portp = port;
1040 	if (pathp != NULL) {
1041 		*pathp = path;
1042 		path = NULL;
1043 	}
1044 	ret = 0;
1045  out:
1046 	free(uridup);
1047 	free(user);
1048 	free(host);
1049 	free(path);
1050 	return ret;
1051 }
1052 
1053 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
1054 void
1055 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
1056 {
1057 	va_list ap;
1058 	char *cp;
1059 	u_int nalloc;
1060 	int r;
1061 
1062 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1063 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
1064 	va_end(ap);
1065 	if (r == -1)
1066 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
1067 
1068 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
1069 	if (args->list == NULL) {
1070 		nalloc = 32;
1071 		args->num = 0;
1072 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
1073 		nalloc *= 2;
1074 
1075 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
1076 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
1077 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
1078 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
1079 }
1080 
1081 void
1082 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
1083 {
1084 	va_list ap;
1085 	char *cp;
1086 	int r;
1087 
1088 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1089 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
1090 	va_end(ap);
1091 	if (r == -1)
1092 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
1093 
1094 	if (which >= args->num)
1095 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
1096 		    which, args->num);
1097 	free(args->list[which]);
1098 	args->list[which] = cp;
1099 }
1100 
1101 void
1102 freeargs(arglist *args)
1103 {
1104 	u_int i;
1105 
1106 	if (args->list != NULL) {
1107 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
1108 			free(args->list[i]);
1109 		free(args->list);
1110 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
1111 		args->list = NULL;
1112 	}
1113 }
1114 
1115 /*
1116  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
1117  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
1118  */
1119 int
1120 tilde_expand(const char *filename, uid_t uid, char **retp)
1121 {
1122 	const char *path, *sep;
1123 	char user[128], *ret;
1124 	struct passwd *pw;
1125 	u_int len, slash;
1126 
1127 	if (*filename != '~') {
1128 		*retp = xstrdup(filename);
1129 		return 0;
1130 	}
1131 	filename++;
1132 
1133 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
1134 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
1135 		slash = path - filename;
1136 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1) {
1137 			error_f("~username too long");
1138 			return -1;
1139 		}
1140 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
1141 		user[slash] = '\0';
1142 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL) {
1143 			error_f("No such user %s", user);
1144 			return -1;
1145 		}
1146 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL) {	/* ~/path */
1147 		error_f("No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
1148 		return -1;
1149 	}
1150 
1151 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
1152 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
1153 	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
1154 		sep = "/";
1155 	else
1156 		sep = "";
1157 
1158 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
1159 	if (path != NULL)
1160 		filename = path + 1;
1161 
1162 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX) {
1163 		error_f("Path too long");
1164 		return -1;
1165 	}
1166 
1167 	*retp = ret;
1168 	return 0;
1169 }
1170 
1171 char *
1172 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
1173 {
1174 	char *ret;
1175 
1176 	if (tilde_expand(filename, uid, &ret) != 0)
1177 		cleanup_exit(255);
1178 	return ret;
1179 }
1180 
1181 /*
1182  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes and/or ${ENVIRONMENT}
1183  * substitutions.  A number of escapes may be specified as
1184  * (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must be terminated
1185  * by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory allocated by
1186  * xmalloc which the caller must free.
1187  */
1188 static char *
1189 vdollar_percent_expand(int *parseerror, int dollar, int percent,
1190     const char *string, va_list ap)
1191 {
1192 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
1193 	u_int num_keys = 0, i;
1194 	struct {
1195 		const char *key;
1196 		const char *repl;
1197 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
1198 	struct sshbuf *buf;
1199 	int r, missingvar = 0;
1200 	char *ret = NULL, *var, *varend, *val;
1201 	size_t len;
1202 
1203 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1204 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
1205 	if (parseerror == NULL)
1206 		fatal_f("null parseerror arg");
1207 	*parseerror = 1;
1208 
1209 	/* Gather keys if we're doing percent expansion. */
1210 	if (percent) {
1211 		for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
1212 			keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
1213 			if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
1214 				break;
1215 			keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
1216 			if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL) {
1217 				fatal_f("NULL replacement for token %s",
1218 				    keys[num_keys].key);
1219 			}
1220 		}
1221 		if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
1222 			fatal_f("too many keys");
1223 		if (num_keys == 0)
1224 			fatal_f("percent expansion without token list");
1225 	}
1226 
1227 	/* Expand string */
1228 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
1229 		/* Optionally process ${ENVIRONMENT} expansions. */
1230 		if (dollar && string[0] == '$' && string[1] == '{') {
1231 			string += 2;  /* skip over '${' */
1232 			if ((varend = strchr(string, '}')) == NULL) {
1233 				error_f("environment variable '%s' missing "
1234 				    "closing '}'", string);
1235 				goto out;
1236 			}
1237 			len = varend - string;
1238 			if (len == 0) {
1239 				error_f("zero-length environment variable");
1240 				goto out;
1241 			}
1242 			var = xmalloc(len + 1);
1243 			(void)strlcpy(var, string, len + 1);
1244 			if ((val = getenv(var)) == NULL) {
1245 				error_f("env var ${%s} has no value", var);
1246 				missingvar = 1;
1247 			} else {
1248 				debug3_f("expand ${%s} -> '%s'", var, val);
1249 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(buf, val, strlen(val))) !=0)
1250 					fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put ${}");
1251 			}
1252 			free(var);
1253 			string += len;
1254 			continue;
1255 		}
1256 
1257 		/*
1258 		 * Process percent expansions if we have a list of TOKENs.
1259 		 * If we're not doing percent expansion everything just gets
1260 		 * appended here.
1261 		 */
1262 		if (*string != '%' || !percent) {
1263  append:
1264 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, *string)) != 0)
1265 				fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put_u8 %%");
1266 			continue;
1267 		}
1268 		string++;
1269 		/* %% case */
1270 		if (*string == '%')
1271 			goto append;
1272 		if (*string == '\0') {
1273 			error_f("invalid format");
1274 			goto out;
1275 		}
1276 		for (i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
1277 			if (strchr(keys[i].key, *string) != NULL) {
1278 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(buf, keys[i].repl,
1279 				    strlen(keys[i].repl))) != 0)
1280 					fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put %%-repl");
1281 				break;
1282 			}
1283 		}
1284 		if (i >= num_keys) {
1285 			error_f("unknown key %%%c", *string);
1286 			goto out;
1287 		}
1288 	}
1289 	if (!missingvar && (ret = sshbuf_dup_string(buf)) == NULL)
1290 		fatal_f("sshbuf_dup_string failed");
1291 	*parseerror = 0;
1292  out:
1293 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1294 	return *parseerror ? NULL : ret;
1295 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
1296 }
1297 
1298 /*
1299  * Expand only environment variables.
1300  * Note that although this function is variadic like the other similar
1301  * functions, any such arguments will be unused.
1302  */
1303 
1304 char *
1305 dollar_expand(int *parseerr, const char *string, ...)
1306 {
1307 	char *ret;
1308 	int err;
1309 	va_list ap;
1310 
1311 	va_start(ap, string);
1312 	ret = vdollar_percent_expand(&err, 1, 0, string, ap);
1313 	va_end(ap);
1314 	if (parseerr != NULL)
1315 		*parseerr = err;
1316 	return ret;
1317 }
1318 
1319 /*
1320  * Returns expanded string or NULL if a specified environment variable is
1321  * not defined, or calls fatal if the string is invalid.
1322  */
1323 char *
1324 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
1325 {
1326 	char *ret;
1327 	int err;
1328 	va_list ap;
1329 
1330 	va_start(ap, string);
1331 	ret = vdollar_percent_expand(&err, 0, 1, string, ap);
1332 	va_end(ap);
1333 	if (err)
1334 		fatal_f("failed");
1335 	return ret;
1336 }
1337 
1338 /*
1339  * Returns expanded string or NULL if a specified environment variable is
1340  * not defined, or calls fatal if the string is invalid.
1341  */
1342 char *
1343 percent_dollar_expand(const char *string, ...)
1344 {
1345 	char *ret;
1346 	int err;
1347 	va_list ap;
1348 
1349 	va_start(ap, string);
1350 	ret = vdollar_percent_expand(&err, 1, 1, string, ap);
1351 	va_end(ap);
1352 	if (err)
1353 		fatal_f("failed");
1354 	return ret;
1355 }
1356 
1357 int
1358 tun_open(int tun, int mode, char **ifname)
1359 {
1360 #if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
1361 	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode, ifname));
1362 #elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
1363 	struct ifreq ifr;
1364 	char name[100];
1365 	int fd = -1, sock;
1366 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
1367 
1368 	if (ifname != NULL)
1369 		*ifname = NULL;
1370 
1371 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
1372 		tunbase = "tap";
1373 
1374 	/* Open the tunnel device */
1375 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
1376 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1377 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
1378 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
1379 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
1380 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
1381 			    tunbase, tun);
1382 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
1383 				break;
1384 		}
1385 	} else {
1386 		debug_f("invalid tunnel %u", tun);
1387 		return -1;
1388 	}
1389 
1390 	if (fd == -1) {
1391 		debug_f("%s open: %s", name, strerror(errno));
1392 		return -1;
1393 	}
1394 
1395 	debug_f("%s mode %d fd %d", name, mode, fd);
1396 
1397 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
1398 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1399 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
1400 		goto failed;
1401 
1402 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1403 		debug_f("get interface %s flags: %s", ifr.ifr_name,
1404 		    strerror(errno));
1405 		goto failed;
1406 	}
1407 
1408 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
1409 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
1410 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1411 			debug_f("activate interface %s: %s", ifr.ifr_name,
1412 			    strerror(errno));
1413 			goto failed;
1414 		}
1415 	}
1416 
1417 	if (ifname != NULL)
1418 		*ifname = xstrdup(ifr.ifr_name);
1419 
1420 	close(sock);
1421 	return fd;
1422 
1423  failed:
1424 	if (fd >= 0)
1425 		close(fd);
1426 	if (sock >= 0)
1427 		close(sock);
1428 	return -1;
1429 #else
1430 	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
1431 	return (-1);
1432 #endif
1433 }
1434 
1435 void
1436 sanitise_stdfd(void)
1437 {
1438 	int nullfd, dupfd;
1439 
1440 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1441 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
1442 		    strerror(errno));
1443 		exit(1);
1444 	}
1445 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
1446 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
1447 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
1448 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
1449 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1450 				exit(1);
1451 			}
1452 		}
1453 	}
1454 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
1455 		close(nullfd);
1456 }
1457 
1458 char *
1459 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
1460 {
1461 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1462 	char b[3], *r;
1463 	size_t i, hl;
1464 
1465 	if (l > 65536)
1466 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
1467 
1468 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
1469 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
1470 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1471 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
1472 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
1473 	}
1474 	return (r);
1475 }
1476 
1477 /*
1478  * Extend string *sp by the specified format. If *sp is not NULL (or empty),
1479  * then the separator 'sep' will be prepended before the formatted arguments.
1480  * Extended strings are heap allocated.
1481  */
1482 void
1483 xextendf(char **sp, const char *sep, const char *fmt, ...)
1484 {
1485 	va_list ap;
1486 	char *tmp1, *tmp2;
1487 
1488 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1489 	xvasprintf(&tmp1, fmt, ap);
1490 	va_end(ap);
1491 
1492 	if (*sp == NULL || **sp == '\0') {
1493 		free(*sp);
1494 		*sp = tmp1;
1495 		return;
1496 	}
1497 	xasprintf(&tmp2, "%s%s%s", *sp, sep == NULL ? "" : sep, tmp1);
1498 	free(tmp1);
1499 	free(*sp);
1500 	*sp = tmp2;
1501 }
1502 
1503 
1504 u_int64_t
1505 get_u64(const void *vp)
1506 {
1507 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1508 	u_int64_t v;
1509 
1510 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
1511 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
1512 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
1513 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
1514 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
1515 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
1516 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
1517 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
1518 
1519 	return (v);
1520 }
1521 
1522 u_int32_t
1523 get_u32(const void *vp)
1524 {
1525 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1526 	u_int32_t v;
1527 
1528 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
1529 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
1530 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
1531 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
1532 
1533 	return (v);
1534 }
1535 
1536 u_int32_t
1537 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
1538 {
1539 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1540 	u_int32_t v;
1541 
1542 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
1543 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
1544 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
1545 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
1546 
1547 	return (v);
1548 }
1549 
1550 u_int16_t
1551 get_u16(const void *vp)
1552 {
1553 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1554 	u_int16_t v;
1555 
1556 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
1557 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
1558 
1559 	return (v);
1560 }
1561 
1562 void
1563 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
1564 {
1565 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1566 
1567 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
1568 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
1569 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
1570 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
1571 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1572 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1573 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1574 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1575 }
1576 
1577 void
1578 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1579 {
1580 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1581 
1582 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1583 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1584 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1585 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1586 }
1587 
1588 void
1589 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1590 {
1591 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1592 
1593 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1594 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1595 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1596 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1597 }
1598 
1599 void
1600 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
1601 {
1602 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1603 
1604 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1605 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1606 }
1607 
1608 void
1609 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
1610 {
1611 	struct timeval diff, finish;
1612 
1613 	monotime_tv(&finish);
1614 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
1615 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
1616 }
1617 
1618 void
1619 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
1620 {
1621 	if (ms < 0)
1622 		ms = 0;
1623 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
1624 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
1625 }
1626 
1627 void
1628 monotime_ts(struct timespec *ts)
1629 {
1630 	struct timeval tv;
1631 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && (defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME) || \
1632     defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_REALTIME))
1633 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
1634 
1635 	if (!gettime_failed) {
1636 # ifdef CLOCK_BOOTTIME
1637 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, ts) == 0)
1638 			return;
1639 # endif /* CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
1640 # ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
1641 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts) == 0)
1642 			return;
1643 # endif /* CLOCK_MONOTONIC */
1644 # ifdef CLOCK_REALTIME
1645 		/* Not monotonic, but we're almost out of options here. */
1646 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, ts) == 0)
1647 			return;
1648 # endif /* CLOCK_REALTIME */
1649 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
1650 		gettime_failed = 1;
1651 	}
1652 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (BOOTTIME || MONOTONIC || REALTIME) */
1653 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1654 	ts->tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1655 	ts->tv_nsec = (long)tv.tv_usec * 1000;
1656 }
1657 
1658 void
1659 monotime_tv(struct timeval *tv)
1660 {
1661 	struct timespec ts;
1662 
1663 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1664 	tv->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1665 	tv->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
1666 }
1667 
1668 time_t
1669 monotime(void)
1670 {
1671 	struct timespec ts;
1672 
1673 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1674 	return ts.tv_sec;
1675 }
1676 
1677 double
1678 monotime_double(void)
1679 {
1680 	struct timespec ts;
1681 
1682 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1683 	return ts.tv_sec + ((double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
1684 }
1685 
1686 void
1687 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1688 {
1689 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1690 	bw->rate = kbps;
1691 	bw->thresh = buflen;
1692 	bw->lamt = 0;
1693 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1694 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1695 }
1696 
1697 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1698 void
1699 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1700 {
1701 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1702 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1703 
1704 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1705 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1706 		monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1707 		return;
1708 	}
1709 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1710 		return;
1711 
1712 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwend);
1713 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1714 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1715 		return;
1716 
1717 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1718 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1719 
1720 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1721 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1722 
1723 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1724 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1725 
1726 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1727 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1728 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1729 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1730 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1731 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1732 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1733 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1734 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1735 		}
1736 
1737 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1738 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1739 			if (errno != EINTR)
1740 				break;
1741 			ts = rm;
1742 		}
1743 	}
1744 
1745 	bw->lamt = 0;
1746 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1747 }
1748 
1749 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1750 void
1751 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1752 {
1753 	const char *tmpdir;
1754 	int r;
1755 
1756 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1757 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1758 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1759 			return;
1760 	}
1761 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1762 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1763 		fatal_f("template string too short");
1764 }
1765 
1766 static const struct {
1767 	const char *name;
1768 	int value;
1769 } ipqos[] = {
1770 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1771 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1772 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1773 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1774 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1775 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1776 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1777 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1778 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1779 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1780 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1781 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1782 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1783 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1784 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1785 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1786 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1787 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1788 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1789 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1790 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1791 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1792 	{ "le", IPTOS_DSCP_LE },
1793 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1794 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1795 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1796 	{ NULL, -1 }
1797 };
1798 
1799 int
1800 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1801 {
1802 	u_int i;
1803 	char *ep;
1804 	long val;
1805 
1806 	if (cp == NULL)
1807 		return -1;
1808 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1809 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1810 			return ipqos[i].value;
1811 	}
1812 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1813 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1814 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1815 		return -1;
1816 	return val;
1817 }
1818 
1819 const char *
1820 iptos2str(int iptos)
1821 {
1822 	int i;
1823 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1824 
1825 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1826 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1827 			return ipqos[i].name;
1828 	}
1829 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1830 	return iptos_str;
1831 }
1832 
1833 void
1834 lowercase(char *s)
1835 {
1836 	for (; *s; s++)
1837 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1838 }
1839 
1840 int
1841 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1842 {
1843 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1844 	int saved_errno, sock;
1845 
1846 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1847 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1848 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path,
1849 	    sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1850 		error_f("path \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket", path);
1851 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1852 		return -1;
1853 	}
1854 
1855 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1856 	if (sock == -1) {
1857 		saved_errno = errno;
1858 		error_f("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1859 		errno = saved_errno;
1860 		return -1;
1861 	}
1862 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1863 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1864 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1865 	}
1866 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) == -1) {
1867 		saved_errno = errno;
1868 		error_f("cannot bind to path %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1869 		close(sock);
1870 		errno = saved_errno;
1871 		return -1;
1872 	}
1873 	if (listen(sock, backlog) == -1) {
1874 		saved_errno = errno;
1875 		error_f("cannot listen on path %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1876 		close(sock);
1877 		unlink(path);
1878 		errno = saved_errno;
1879 		return -1;
1880 	}
1881 	return sock;
1882 }
1883 
1884 void
1885 sock_set_v6only(int s)
1886 {
1887 #if defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
1888 	int on = 1;
1889 
1890 	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1891 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1892 		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1893 #endif
1894 }
1895 
1896 /*
1897  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1898  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1899  */
1900 static int
1901 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1902 {
1903 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1904 		return 0;
1905 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1906 		return 0;
1907 	return 1;
1908 }
1909 
1910 /*
1911  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1912  * zero otherwise.
1913  */
1914 int
1915 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1916 {
1917 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1918 		return 0;
1919 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1920 		return 0;
1921 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1922 		return 0;
1923 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1924 		return 0;
1925 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1926 		return 0;
1927 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1928 		return 0;
1929 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1930 	return 1;
1931 }
1932 
1933 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1934 int
1935 daemonized(void)
1936 {
1937 	int fd;
1938 
1939 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1940 		close(fd);
1941 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1942 	}
1943 	if (getppid() != 1)
1944 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1945 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1946 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1947 	debug3("already daemonized");
1948 	return 1;
1949 }
1950 
1951 /*
1952  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1953  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1954  * and its members.
1955  */
1956 int
1957 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp, int terminate_on_comment)
1958 {
1959 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1960 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1961 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1962 
1963 	*argvp = NULL;
1964 	*argcp = 0;
1965 
1966 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1967 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1968 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1969 			continue;
1970 		if (terminate_on_comment && s[i] == '#')
1971 			break;
1972 		/* Start of a token */
1973 		quote = 0;
1974 
1975 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1976 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1977 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1978 
1979 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1980 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1981 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1982 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1983 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1984 				    s[i + 1] == '\\' ||
1985 				    (quote == 0 && s[i + 1] == ' ')) {
1986 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1987 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1988 				} else {
1989 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1990 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1991 				}
1992 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1993 				break; /* done */
1994 			else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == '\"' || s[i] == '\''))
1995 				quote = s[i]; /* quote start */
1996 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1997 				quote = 0; /* quote end */
1998 			else
1999 				arg[j++] = s[i];
2000 		}
2001 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
2002 			if (quote != 0) {
2003 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
2004 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2005 				goto out;
2006 			}
2007 			break;
2008 		}
2009 	}
2010 	/* Success */
2011 	*argcp = argc;
2012 	*argvp = argv;
2013 	argc = 0;
2014 	argv = NULL;
2015 	r = 0;
2016  out:
2017 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
2018 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2019 			free(argv[i]);
2020 		free(argv);
2021 	}
2022 	return r;
2023 }
2024 
2025 /*
2026  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
2027  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
2028  */
2029 char *
2030 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
2031 {
2032 	int i, j, ws, r;
2033 	char c, *ret;
2034 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
2035 
2036 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2037 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
2038 
2039 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2040 		ws = 0;
2041 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
2042 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
2043 			r = 0;
2044 			c = argv[i][j];
2045 			switch (c) {
2046 			case ' ':
2047 			case '\t':
2048 				ws = 1;
2049 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
2050 				break;
2051 			case '\\':
2052 			case '\'':
2053 			case '"':
2054 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
2055 					break;
2056 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
2057 			default:
2058 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
2059 				break;
2060 			}
2061 			if (r != 0)
2062 				fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put_u8");
2063 		}
2064 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
2065 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
2066 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
2067 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
2068 			fatal_fr(r, "assemble");
2069 	}
2070 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
2071 		fatal_f("malloc failed");
2072 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
2073 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
2074 	sshbuf_free(buf);
2075 	sshbuf_free(arg);
2076 	return ret;
2077 }
2078 
2079 char *
2080 argv_next(int *argcp, char ***argvp)
2081 {
2082 	char *ret = (*argvp)[0];
2083 
2084 	if (*argcp > 0 && ret != NULL) {
2085 		(*argcp)--;
2086 		(*argvp)++;
2087 	}
2088 	return ret;
2089 }
2090 
2091 void
2092 argv_consume(int *argcp)
2093 {
2094 	*argcp = 0;
2095 }
2096 
2097 void
2098 argv_free(char **av, int ac)
2099 {
2100 	int i;
2101 
2102 	if (av == NULL)
2103 		return;
2104 	for (i = 0; i < ac; i++)
2105 		free(av[i]);
2106 	free(av);
2107 }
2108 
2109 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
2110 int
2111 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
2112 {
2113 	int status;
2114 
2115 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
2116 		if (errno != EINTR) {
2117 			error("%s waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2118 			return -1;
2119 		}
2120 	}
2121 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
2122 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
2123 		return -1;
2124 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
2125 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
2126 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
2127 		return -1;
2128 	}
2129 	return 0;
2130 }
2131 
2132 /*
2133  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
2134  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
2135  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
2136  *
2137  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
2138  *
2139  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
2140  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
2141  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
2142  *
2143  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
2144  */
2145 int
2146 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
2147     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
2148 {
2149 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
2150 	char *cp;
2151 	int comparehome = 0;
2152 	struct stat st;
2153 
2154 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
2155 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
2156 		    strerror(errno));
2157 		return -1;
2158 	}
2159 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
2160 		comparehome = 1;
2161 
2162 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
2163 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
2164 		return -1;
2165 	}
2166 	if ((!platform_sys_dir_uid(stp->st_uid) && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
2167 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
2168 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
2169 		    buf);
2170 		return -1;
2171 	}
2172 
2173 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
2174 	for (;;) {
2175 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
2176 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
2177 			return -1;
2178 		}
2179 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
2180 
2181 		if (stat(buf, &st) == -1 ||
2182 		    (!platform_sys_dir_uid(st.st_uid) && st.st_uid != uid) ||
2183 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
2184 			snprintf(err, errlen,
2185 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
2186 			return -1;
2187 		}
2188 
2189 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
2190 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
2191 			break;
2192 
2193 		/*
2194 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
2195 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
2196 		 */
2197 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
2198 			break;
2199 	}
2200 	return 0;
2201 }
2202 
2203 /*
2204  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
2205  * avoid races.
2206  *
2207  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
2208  */
2209 int
2210 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
2211     char *err, size_t errlen)
2212 {
2213 	struct stat st;
2214 
2215 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
2216 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
2217 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
2218 		    file, strerror(errno));
2219 		return -1;
2220 	}
2221 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
2222 }
2223 
2224 /*
2225  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
2226  * already exists, its value is overridden.
2227  */
2228 void
2229 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
2230 	const char *value)
2231 {
2232 	char **env;
2233 	u_int envsize;
2234 	u_int i, namelen;
2235 
2236 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
2237 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
2238 		return;
2239 	}
2240 
2241 	/*
2242 	 * If we're passed an uninitialized list, allocate a single null
2243 	 * entry before continuing.
2244 	 */
2245 	if (*envp == NULL && *envsizep == 0) {
2246 		*envp = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
2247 		*envp[0] = NULL;
2248 		*envsizep = 1;
2249 	}
2250 
2251 	/*
2252 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
2253 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
2254 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
2255 	 */
2256 	env = *envp;
2257 	namelen = strlen(name);
2258 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
2259 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
2260 			break;
2261 	if (env[i]) {
2262 		/* Reuse the slot. */
2263 		free(env[i]);
2264 	} else {
2265 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
2266 		envsize = *envsizep;
2267 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
2268 			if (envsize >= 1000)
2269 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
2270 			envsize += 50;
2271 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
2272 			*envsizep = envsize;
2273 		}
2274 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
2275 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
2276 	}
2277 
2278 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
2279 	/* XXX xasprintf */
2280 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
2281 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
2282 }
2283 
2284 /*
2285  * Check and optionally lowercase a domain name, also removes trailing '.'
2286  * Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure, storing an error message in errstr.
2287  */
2288 int
2289 valid_domain(char *name, int makelower, const char **errstr)
2290 {
2291 	size_t i, l = strlen(name);
2292 	u_char c, last = '\0';
2293 	static char errbuf[256];
2294 
2295 	if (l == 0) {
2296 		strlcpy(errbuf, "empty domain name", sizeof(errbuf));
2297 		goto bad;
2298 	}
2299 	if (!isalpha((u_char)name[0]) && !isdigit((u_char)name[0])) {
2300 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name \"%.100s\" "
2301 		    "starts with invalid character", name);
2302 		goto bad;
2303 	}
2304 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
2305 		c = tolower((u_char)name[i]);
2306 		if (makelower)
2307 			name[i] = (char)c;
2308 		if (last == '.' && c == '.') {
2309 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
2310 			    "\"%.100s\" contains consecutive separators", name);
2311 			goto bad;
2312 		}
2313 		if (c != '.' && c != '-' && !isalnum(c) &&
2314 		    c != '_') /* technically invalid, but common */ {
2315 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
2316 			    "\"%.100s\" contains invalid characters", name);
2317 			goto bad;
2318 		}
2319 		last = c;
2320 	}
2321 	if (name[l - 1] == '.')
2322 		name[l - 1] = '\0';
2323 	if (errstr != NULL)
2324 		*errstr = NULL;
2325 	return 1;
2326 bad:
2327 	if (errstr != NULL)
2328 		*errstr = errbuf;
2329 	return 0;
2330 }
2331 
2332 /*
2333  * Verify that a environment variable name (not including initial '$') is
2334  * valid; consisting of one or more alphanumeric or underscore characters only.
2335  * Returns 1 on valid, 0 otherwise.
2336  */
2337 int
2338 valid_env_name(const char *name)
2339 {
2340 	const char *cp;
2341 
2342 	if (name[0] == '\0')
2343 		return 0;
2344 	for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
2345 		if (!isalnum((u_char)*cp) && *cp != '_')
2346 			return 0;
2347 	}
2348 	return 1;
2349 }
2350 
2351 const char *
2352 atoi_err(const char *nptr, int *val)
2353 {
2354 	const char *errstr = NULL;
2355 	long long num;
2356 
2357 	if (nptr == NULL || *nptr == '\0')
2358 		return "missing";
2359 	num = strtonum(nptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2360 	if (errstr == NULL)
2361 		*val = (int)num;
2362 	return errstr;
2363 }
2364 
2365 int
2366 parse_absolute_time(const char *s, uint64_t *tp)
2367 {
2368 	struct tm tm;
2369 	time_t tt;
2370 	char buf[32], *fmt;
2371 
2372 	*tp = 0;
2373 
2374 	/*
2375 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
2376 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
2377 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
2378 	 */
2379 	switch (strlen(s)) {
2380 	case 8: /* YYYYMMDD */
2381 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
2382 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
2383 		break;
2384 	case 12: /* YYYYMMDDHHMM */
2385 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M";
2386 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s",
2387 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10);
2388 		break;
2389 	case 14: /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS */
2390 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
2391 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
2392 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
2393 		break;
2394 	default:
2395 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2396 	}
2397 
2398 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
2399 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
2400 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2401 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
2402 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2403 	/* success */
2404 	*tp = (uint64_t)tt;
2405 	return 0;
2406 }
2407 
2408 /* On OpenBSD time_t is int64_t which is long long. */
2409 /* #define SSH_TIME_T_MAX LLONG_MAX */
2410 
2411 void
2412 format_absolute_time(uint64_t t, char *buf, size_t len)
2413 {
2414 	time_t tt = t > SSH_TIME_T_MAX ? SSH_TIME_T_MAX : t;
2415 	struct tm tm;
2416 
2417 	localtime_r(&tt, &tm);
2418 	strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &tm);
2419 }
2420 
2421 /* check if path is absolute */
2422 int
2423 path_absolute(const char *path)
2424 {
2425 	return (*path == '/') ? 1 : 0;
2426 }
2427 
2428 void
2429 skip_space(char **cpp)
2430 {
2431 	char *cp;
2432 
2433 	for (cp = *cpp; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
2434 		;
2435 	*cpp = cp;
2436 }
2437 
2438 /* authorized_key-style options parsing helpers */
2439 
2440 /*
2441  * Match flag 'opt' in *optsp, and if allow_negate is set then also match
2442  * 'no-opt'. Returns -1 if option not matched, 1 if option matches or 0
2443  * if negated option matches.
2444  * If the option or negated option matches, then *optsp is updated to
2445  * point to the first character after the option.
2446  */
2447 int
2448 opt_flag(const char *opt, int allow_negate, const char **optsp)
2449 {
2450 	size_t opt_len = strlen(opt);
2451 	const char *opts = *optsp;
2452 	int negate = 0;
2453 
2454 	if (allow_negate && strncasecmp(opts, "no-", 3) == 0) {
2455 		opts += 3;
2456 		negate = 1;
2457 	}
2458 	if (strncasecmp(opts, opt, opt_len) == 0) {
2459 		*optsp = opts + opt_len;
2460 		return negate ? 0 : 1;
2461 	}
2462 	return -1;
2463 }
2464 
2465 char *
2466 opt_dequote(const char **sp, const char **errstrp)
2467 {
2468 	const char *s = *sp;
2469 	char *ret;
2470 	size_t i;
2471 
2472 	*errstrp = NULL;
2473 	if (*s != '"') {
2474 		*errstrp = "missing start quote";
2475 		return NULL;
2476 	}
2477 	s++;
2478 	if ((ret = malloc(strlen((s)) + 1)) == NULL) {
2479 		*errstrp = "memory allocation failed";
2480 		return NULL;
2481 	}
2482 	for (i = 0; *s != '\0' && *s != '"';) {
2483 		if (s[0] == '\\' && s[1] == '"')
2484 			s++;
2485 		ret[i++] = *s++;
2486 	}
2487 	if (*s == '\0') {
2488 		*errstrp = "missing end quote";
2489 		free(ret);
2490 		return NULL;
2491 	}
2492 	ret[i] = '\0';
2493 	s++;
2494 	*sp = s;
2495 	return ret;
2496 }
2497 
2498 int
2499 opt_match(const char **opts, const char *term)
2500 {
2501 	if (strncasecmp((*opts), term, strlen(term)) == 0 &&
2502 	    (*opts)[strlen(term)] == '=') {
2503 		*opts += strlen(term) + 1;
2504 		return 1;
2505 	}
2506 	return 0;
2507 }
2508 
2509 void
2510 opt_array_append2(const char *file, const int line, const char *directive,
2511     char ***array, int **iarray, u_int *lp, const char *s, int i)
2512 {
2513 
2514 	if (*lp >= INT_MAX)
2515 		fatal("%s line %d: Too many %s entries", file, line, directive);
2516 
2517 	if (iarray != NULL) {
2518 		*iarray = xrecallocarray(*iarray, *lp, *lp + 1,
2519 		    sizeof(**iarray));
2520 		(*iarray)[*lp] = i;
2521 	}
2522 
2523 	*array = xrecallocarray(*array, *lp, *lp + 1, sizeof(**array));
2524 	(*array)[*lp] = xstrdup(s);
2525 	(*lp)++;
2526 }
2527 
2528 void
2529 opt_array_append(const char *file, const int line, const char *directive,
2530     char ***array, u_int *lp, const char *s)
2531 {
2532 	opt_array_append2(file, line, directive, array, NULL, lp, s, 0);
2533 }
2534 
2535 sshsig_t
2536 ssh_signal(int signum, sshsig_t handler)
2537 {
2538 	struct sigaction sa, osa;
2539 
2540 	/* mask all other signals while in handler */
2541 	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
2542 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
2543 	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
2544 #if defined(SA_RESTART) && !defined(NO_SA_RESTART)
2545 	if (signum != SIGALRM)
2546 		sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2547 #endif
2548 	if (sigaction(signum, &sa, &osa) == -1) {
2549 		debug3("sigaction(%s): %s", strsignal(signum), strerror(errno));
2550 		return SIG_ERR;
2551 	}
2552 	return osa.sa_handler;
2553 }
2554 
2555 int
2556 stdfd_devnull(int do_stdin, int do_stdout, int do_stderr)
2557 {
2558 	int devnull, ret = 0;
2559 
2560 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
2561 		error_f("open %s: %s", _PATH_DEVNULL,
2562 		    strerror(errno));
2563 		return -1;
2564 	}
2565 	if ((do_stdin && dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1) ||
2566 	    (do_stdout && dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) ||
2567 	    (do_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)) {
2568 		error_f("dup2: %s", strerror(errno));
2569 		ret = -1;
2570 	}
2571 	if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
2572 		close(devnull);
2573 	return ret;
2574 }
2575 
2576 /*
2577  * Runs command in a subprocess with a minimal environment.
2578  * Returns pid on success, 0 on failure.
2579  * The child stdout and stderr maybe captured, left attached or sent to
2580  * /dev/null depending on the contents of flags.
2581  * "tag" is prepended to log messages.
2582  * NB. "command" is only used for logging; the actual command executed is
2583  * av[0].
2584  */
2585 pid_t
2586 subprocess(const char *tag, const char *command,
2587     int ac, char **av, FILE **child, u_int flags,
2588     struct passwd *pw, privdrop_fn *drop_privs, privrestore_fn *restore_privs)
2589 {
2590 	FILE *f = NULL;
2591 	struct stat st;
2592 	int fd, devnull, p[2], i;
2593 	pid_t pid;
2594 	char *cp, errmsg[512];
2595 	u_int nenv = 0;
2596 	char **env = NULL;
2597 
2598 	/* If dropping privs, then must specify user and restore function */
2599 	if (drop_privs != NULL && (pw == NULL || restore_privs == NULL)) {
2600 		error("%s: inconsistent arguments", tag); /* XXX fatal? */
2601 		return 0;
2602 	}
2603 	if (pw == NULL && (pw = getpwuid(getuid())) == NULL) {
2604 		error("%s: no user for current uid", tag);
2605 		return 0;
2606 	}
2607 	if (child != NULL)
2608 		*child = NULL;
2609 
2610 	debug3_f("%s command \"%s\" running as %s (flags 0x%x)",
2611 	    tag, command, pw->pw_name, flags);
2612 
2613 	/* Check consistency */
2614 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0 &&
2615 	    (flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) != 0) {
2616 		error_f("inconsistent flags");
2617 		return 0;
2618 	}
2619 	if (((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) == 0) != (child == NULL)) {
2620 		error_f("inconsistent flags/output");
2621 		return 0;
2622 	}
2623 
2624 	/*
2625 	 * If executing an explicit binary, then verify the it exists
2626 	 * and appears safe-ish to execute
2627 	 */
2628 	if (!path_absolute(av[0])) {
2629 		error("%s path is not absolute", tag);
2630 		return 0;
2631 	}
2632 	if (drop_privs != NULL)
2633 		drop_privs(pw);
2634 	if (stat(av[0], &st) == -1) {
2635 		error("Could not stat %s \"%s\": %s", tag,
2636 		    av[0], strerror(errno));
2637 		goto restore_return;
2638 	}
2639 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_UNSAFE_PATH) == 0 &&
2640 	    safe_path(av[0], &st, NULL, 0, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)) != 0) {
2641 		error("Unsafe %s \"%s\": %s", tag, av[0], errmsg);
2642 		goto restore_return;
2643 	}
2644 	/* Prepare to keep the child's stdout if requested */
2645 	if (pipe(p) == -1) {
2646 		error("%s: pipe: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2647  restore_return:
2648 		if (restore_privs != NULL)
2649 			restore_privs();
2650 		return 0;
2651 	}
2652 	if (restore_privs != NULL)
2653 		restore_privs();
2654 
2655 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
2656 	case -1: /* error */
2657 		error("%s: fork: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2658 		close(p[0]);
2659 		close(p[1]);
2660 		return 0;
2661 	case 0: /* child */
2662 		/* Prepare a minimal environment for the child. */
2663 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_PRESERVE_ENV) == 0) {
2664 			nenv = 5;
2665 			env = xcalloc(sizeof(*env), nenv);
2666 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "PATH", _PATH_STDPATH);
2667 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "USER", pw->pw_name);
2668 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "LOGNAME", pw->pw_name);
2669 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "HOME", pw->pw_dir);
2670 			if ((cp = getenv("LANG")) != NULL)
2671 				child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "LANG", cp);
2672 		}
2673 
2674 		for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++)
2675 			ssh_signal(i, SIG_DFL);
2676 
2677 		if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
2678 			error("%s: open %s: %s", tag, _PATH_DEVNULL,
2679 			    strerror(errno));
2680 			_exit(1);
2681 		}
2682 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
2683 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2684 			_exit(1);
2685 		}
2686 
2687 		/* Set up stdout as requested; leave stderr in place for now. */
2688 		fd = -1;
2689 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) != 0)
2690 			fd = p[1];
2691 		else if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0)
2692 			fd = devnull;
2693 		if (fd != -1 && dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
2694 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2695 			_exit(1);
2696 		}
2697 		closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
2698 
2699 		if (geteuid() == 0 &&
2700 		    initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == -1) {
2701 			error("%s: initgroups(%s, %u): %s", tag,
2702 			    pw->pw_name, (u_int)pw->pw_gid, strerror(errno));
2703 			_exit(1);
2704 		}
2705 		if (setresgid(pw->pw_gid, pw->pw_gid, pw->pw_gid) == -1) {
2706 			error("%s: setresgid %u: %s", tag, (u_int)pw->pw_gid,
2707 			    strerror(errno));
2708 			_exit(1);
2709 		}
2710 		if (setresuid(pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_uid) == -1) {
2711 			error("%s: setresuid %u: %s", tag, (u_int)pw->pw_uid,
2712 			    strerror(errno));
2713 			_exit(1);
2714 		}
2715 		/* stdin is pointed to /dev/null at this point */
2716 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0 &&
2717 		    dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
2718 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2719 			_exit(1);
2720 		}
2721 		if (env != NULL)
2722 			execve(av[0], av, env);
2723 		else
2724 			execv(av[0], av);
2725 		error("%s %s \"%s\": %s", tag, env == NULL ? "execv" : "execve",
2726 		    command, strerror(errno));
2727 		_exit(127);
2728 	default: /* parent */
2729 		break;
2730 	}
2731 
2732 	close(p[1]);
2733 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) == 0)
2734 		close(p[0]);
2735 	else if ((f = fdopen(p[0], "r")) == NULL) {
2736 		error("%s: fdopen: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2737 		close(p[0]);
2738 		/* Don't leave zombie child */
2739 		kill(pid, SIGTERM);
2740 		while (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
2741 			;
2742 		return 0;
2743 	}
2744 	/* Success */
2745 	debug3_f("%s pid %ld", tag, (long)pid);
2746 	if (child != NULL)
2747 		*child = f;
2748 	return pid;
2749 }
2750 
2751 const char *
2752 lookup_env_in_list(const char *env, char * const *envs, size_t nenvs)
2753 {
2754 	size_t i, envlen;
2755 
2756 	envlen = strlen(env);
2757 	for (i = 0; i < nenvs; i++) {
2758 		if (strncmp(envs[i], env, envlen) == 0 &&
2759 		    envs[i][envlen] == '=') {
2760 			return envs[i] + envlen + 1;
2761 		}
2762 	}
2763 	return NULL;
2764 }
2765