xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/misc.c (revision 6829dae12bb055451fa467da4589c43bd03b1e64)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.131 2018/07/27 05:13:02 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include "includes.h"
28 
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
32 #include <sys/stat.h>
33 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <sys/wait.h>
36 #include <sys/un.h>
37 
38 #include <limits.h>
39 #ifdef HAVE_LIBGEN_H
40 # include <libgen.h>
41 #endif
42 #include <signal.h>
43 #include <stdarg.h>
44 #include <stdio.h>
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <time.h>
48 #include <unistd.h>
49 
50 #include <netinet/in.h>
51 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
52 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
54 
55 #include <ctype.h>
56 #include <errno.h>
57 #include <fcntl.h>
58 #include <netdb.h>
59 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
60 # include <paths.h>
61 #include <pwd.h>
62 #endif
63 #ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
64 #include <net/if.h>
65 #endif
66 
67 #include "xmalloc.h"
68 #include "misc.h"
69 #include "log.h"
70 #include "ssh.h"
71 #include "sshbuf.h"
72 #include "ssherr.h"
73 #include "platform.h"
74 
75 /* remove newline at end of string */
76 char *
77 chop(char *s)
78 {
79 	char *t = s;
80 	while (*t) {
81 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
82 			*t = '\0';
83 			return s;
84 		}
85 		t++;
86 	}
87 	return s;
88 
89 }
90 
91 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
92 int
93 set_nonblock(int fd)
94 {
95 	int val;
96 
97 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
98 	if (val < 0) {
99 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
100 		return (-1);
101 	}
102 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
103 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
104 		return (0);
105 	}
106 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
107 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
108 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
109 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
110 		    strerror(errno));
111 		return (-1);
112 	}
113 	return (0);
114 }
115 
116 int
117 unset_nonblock(int fd)
118 {
119 	int val;
120 
121 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
122 	if (val < 0) {
123 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
124 		return (-1);
125 	}
126 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
127 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
128 		return (0);
129 	}
130 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
131 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
132 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
133 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
134 		    fd, strerror(errno));
135 		return (-1);
136 	}
137 	return (0);
138 }
139 
140 const char *
141 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
142 {
143 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
144 		return strerror(errno);
145 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
146 }
147 
148 /* disable nagle on socket */
149 void
150 set_nodelay(int fd)
151 {
152 	int opt;
153 	socklen_t optlen;
154 
155 	optlen = sizeof opt;
156 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
157 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
158 		return;
159 	}
160 	if (opt == 1) {
161 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
162 		return;
163 	}
164 	opt = 1;
165 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
166 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
167 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
168 }
169 
170 /* Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT */
171 int
172 set_reuseaddr(int fd)
173 {
174 	int on = 1;
175 
176 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
177 		error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
178 		return -1;
179 	}
180 	return 0;
181 }
182 
183 /* Get/set routing domain */
184 char *
185 get_rdomain(int fd)
186 {
187 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_GET_RDOMAIN)
188 	return sys_get_rdomain(fd);
189 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
190 	int rtable;
191 	char *ret;
192 	socklen_t len = sizeof(rtable);
193 
194 	if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtable, &len) == -1) {
195 		error("Failed to get routing domain for fd %d: %s",
196 		    fd, strerror(errno));
197 		return NULL;
198 	}
199 	xasprintf(&ret, "%d", rtable);
200 	return ret;
201 #else /* defined(__OpenBSD__) */
202 	return NULL;
203 #endif
204 }
205 
206 int
207 set_rdomain(int fd, const char *name)
208 {
209 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_SET_RDOMAIN)
210 	return sys_set_rdomain(fd, name);
211 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
212 	int rtable;
213 	const char *errstr;
214 
215 	if (name == NULL)
216 		return 0; /* default table */
217 
218 	rtable = (int)strtonum(name, 0, 255, &errstr);
219 	if (errstr != NULL) {
220 		/* Shouldn't happen */
221 		error("Invalid routing domain \"%s\": %s", name, errstr);
222 		return -1;
223 	}
224 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
225 	    &rtable, sizeof(rtable)) == -1) {
226 		error("Failed to set routing domain %d on fd %d: %s",
227 		    rtable, fd, strerror(errno));
228 		return -1;
229 	}
230 	return 0;
231 #else /* defined(__OpenBSD__) */
232 	error("Setting routing domain is not supported on this platform");
233 	return -1;
234 #endif
235 }
236 
237 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
238 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
239 #define QUOTE	"\""
240 
241 /* return next token in configuration line */
242 static char *
243 strdelim_internal(char **s, int split_equals)
244 {
245 	char *old;
246 	int wspace = 0;
247 
248 	if (*s == NULL)
249 		return NULL;
250 
251 	old = *s;
252 
253 	*s = strpbrk(*s,
254 	    split_equals ? WHITESPACE QUOTE "=" : WHITESPACE QUOTE);
255 	if (*s == NULL)
256 		return (old);
257 
258 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
259 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
260 		/* Find matching quote */
261 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
262 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
263 		} else {
264 			*s[0] = '\0';
265 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
266 			return (old);
267 		}
268 	}
269 
270 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
271 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=')
272 		wspace = 1;
273 	*s[0] = '\0';
274 
275 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
276 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
277 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
278 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
279 
280 	return (old);
281 }
282 
283 /*
284  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace or a
285  * single '=' character.
286  */
287 char *
288 strdelim(char **s)
289 {
290 	return strdelim_internal(s, 1);
291 }
292 
293 /*
294  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace only.
295  */
296 char *
297 strdelimw(char **s)
298 {
299 	return strdelim_internal(s, 0);
300 }
301 
302 struct passwd *
303 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
304 {
305 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
306 
307 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
308 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
309 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
310 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
311 #endif
312 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
313 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
314 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_EXPIRE
315 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
316 #endif
317 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CHANGE
318 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
319 #endif
320 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
321 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
322 #endif
323 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
324 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
325 	return copy;
326 }
327 
328 /*
329  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
330  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
331  * Return -1 if invalid.
332  */
333 int
334 a2port(const char *s)
335 {
336 	long long port;
337 	const char *errstr;
338 
339 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
340 	if (errstr != NULL)
341 		return -1;
342 	return (int)port;
343 }
344 
345 int
346 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
347 {
348 	const char *errstr = NULL;
349 	char *sp, *ep;
350 	int tun;
351 
352 	if (remote != NULL) {
353 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
354 		sp = xstrdup(s);
355 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
356 			free(sp);
357 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
358 		}
359 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
360 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
361 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
362 		free(sp);
363 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
364 	}
365 
366 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
367 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
368 
369 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
370 	if (errstr != NULL)
371 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
372 
373 	return (tun);
374 }
375 
376 #define SECONDS		1
377 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
378 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
379 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
380 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
381 
382 /*
383  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
384  * a sequence of:
385  *      time[qualifier]
386  *
387  * Valid time qualifiers are:
388  *      <none>  seconds
389  *      s|S     seconds
390  *      m|M     minutes
391  *      h|H     hours
392  *      d|D     days
393  *      w|W     weeks
394  *
395  * Examples:
396  *      90m     90 minutes
397  *      1h30m   90 minutes
398  *      2d      2 days
399  *      1w      1 week
400  *
401  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
402  */
403 long
404 convtime(const char *s)
405 {
406 	long total, secs, multiplier = 1;
407 	const char *p;
408 	char *endp;
409 
410 	errno = 0;
411 	total = 0;
412 	p = s;
413 
414 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
415 		return -1;
416 
417 	while (*p) {
418 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
419 		if (p == endp ||
420 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
421 		    secs < 0)
422 			return -1;
423 
424 		switch (*endp++) {
425 		case '\0':
426 			endp--;
427 			break;
428 		case 's':
429 		case 'S':
430 			break;
431 		case 'm':
432 		case 'M':
433 			multiplier = MINUTES;
434 			break;
435 		case 'h':
436 		case 'H':
437 			multiplier = HOURS;
438 			break;
439 		case 'd':
440 		case 'D':
441 			multiplier = DAYS;
442 			break;
443 		case 'w':
444 		case 'W':
445 			multiplier = WEEKS;
446 			break;
447 		default:
448 			return -1;
449 		}
450 		if (secs >= LONG_MAX / multiplier)
451 			return -1;
452 		secs *= multiplier;
453 		if  (total >= LONG_MAX - secs)
454 			return -1;
455 		total += secs;
456 		if (total < 0)
457 			return -1;
458 		p = endp;
459 	}
460 
461 	return total;
462 }
463 
464 /*
465  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
466  * Caller must free returned string.
467  */
468 char *
469 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
470 {
471 	char *hoststr;
472 
473 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
474 		return(xstrdup(host));
475 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
476 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
477 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
478 	return hoststr;
479 }
480 
481 /*
482  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
483  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
484  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
485  * *cp is set to the start of the next field, if one was found.
486  * The delimiter char, if present, is stored in delim.
487  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
488  */
489 static char *
490 hpdelim2(char **cp, char *delim)
491 {
492 	char *s, *old;
493 
494 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
495 		return NULL;
496 
497 	old = s = *cp;
498 	if (*s == '[') {
499 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
500 			return NULL;
501 		else
502 			s++;
503 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
504 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
505 
506 	switch (*s) {
507 	case '\0':
508 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
509 		break;
510 
511 	case ':':
512 	case '/':
513 		if (delim != NULL)
514 			*delim = *s;
515 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
516 		*cp = s + 1;
517 		break;
518 
519 	default:
520 		return NULL;
521 	}
522 
523 	return old;
524 }
525 
526 char *
527 hpdelim(char **cp)
528 {
529 	return hpdelim2(cp, NULL);
530 }
531 
532 char *
533 cleanhostname(char *host)
534 {
535 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
536 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
537 		return (host + 1);
538 	} else
539 		return host;
540 }
541 
542 char *
543 colon(char *cp)
544 {
545 	int flag = 0;
546 
547 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
548 		return NULL;
549 	if (*cp == '[')
550 		flag = 1;
551 
552 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
553 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
554 			flag = 1;
555 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
556 			return (cp+1);
557 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
558 			return (cp);
559 		if (*cp == '/')
560 			return NULL;
561 	}
562 	return NULL;
563 }
564 
565 /*
566  * Parse a [user@]host:[path] string.
567  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
568  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
569  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
570  * If host was not specified then *hostp will be set to NULL.
571  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to ".".
572  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
573  */
574 int
575 parse_user_host_path(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, char **pathp)
576 {
577 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
578 	char *sdup, *tmp;
579 	int ret = -1;
580 
581 	if (userp != NULL)
582 		*userp = NULL;
583 	if (hostp != NULL)
584 		*hostp = NULL;
585 	if (pathp != NULL)
586 		*pathp = NULL;
587 
588 	sdup = xstrdup(s);
589 
590 	/* Check for remote syntax: [user@]host:[path] */
591 	if ((tmp = colon(sdup)) == NULL)
592 		goto out;
593 
594 	/* Extract optional path */
595 	*tmp++ = '\0';
596 	if (*tmp == '\0')
597 		tmp = ".";
598 	path = xstrdup(tmp);
599 
600 	/* Extract optional user and mandatory host */
601 	tmp = strrchr(sdup, '@');
602 	if (tmp != NULL) {
603 		*tmp++ = '\0';
604 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(tmp));
605 		if (*sdup != '\0')
606 			user = xstrdup(sdup);
607 	} else {
608 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(sdup));
609 		user = NULL;
610 	}
611 
612 	/* Success */
613 	if (userp != NULL) {
614 		*userp = user;
615 		user = NULL;
616 	}
617 	if (hostp != NULL) {
618 		*hostp = host;
619 		host = NULL;
620 	}
621 	if (pathp != NULL) {
622 		*pathp = path;
623 		path = NULL;
624 	}
625 	ret = 0;
626 out:
627 	free(sdup);
628 	free(user);
629 	free(host);
630 	free(path);
631 	return ret;
632 }
633 
634 /*
635  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
636  * Caller must free returned user and host.
637  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
638  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
639  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
640  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
641  */
642 int
643 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
644 {
645 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
646 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
647 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
648 
649 	if (userp != NULL)
650 		*userp = NULL;
651 	if (hostp != NULL)
652 		*hostp = NULL;
653 	if (portp != NULL)
654 		*portp = -1;
655 
656 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
657 		return -1;
658 	/* Extract optional username */
659 	if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
660 		*cp = '\0';
661 		if (*tmp == '\0')
662 			goto out;
663 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
664 			goto out;
665 		tmp = cp + 1;
666 	}
667 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
668 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
669 		goto out;
670 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
671 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
672 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
673 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
674 			goto out;
675 	}
676 	/* Success */
677 	if (userp != NULL) {
678 		*userp = user;
679 		user = NULL;
680 	}
681 	if (hostp != NULL) {
682 		*hostp = host;
683 		host = NULL;
684 	}
685 	if (portp != NULL)
686 		*portp = port;
687 	ret = 0;
688  out:
689 	free(sdup);
690 	free(user);
691 	free(host);
692 	return ret;
693 }
694 
695 /*
696  * Converts a two-byte hex string to decimal.
697  * Returns the decimal value or -1 for invalid input.
698  */
699 static int
700 hexchar(const char *s)
701 {
702 	unsigned char result[2];
703 	int i;
704 
705 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
706 		if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
707 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - '0');
708 		else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
709 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'a') + 10;
710 		else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
711 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'A') + 10;
712 		else
713 			return -1;
714 	}
715 	return (result[0] << 4) | result[1];
716 }
717 
718 /*
719  * Decode an url-encoded string.
720  * Returns a newly allocated string on success or NULL on failure.
721  */
722 static char *
723 urldecode(const char *src)
724 {
725 	char *ret, *dst;
726 	int ch;
727 
728 	ret = xmalloc(strlen(src) + 1);
729 	for (dst = ret; *src != '\0'; src++) {
730 		switch (*src) {
731 		case '+':
732 			*dst++ = ' ';
733 			break;
734 		case '%':
735 			if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)src[1]) ||
736 			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)src[2]) ||
737 			    (ch = hexchar(src + 1)) == -1) {
738 				free(ret);
739 				return NULL;
740 			}
741 			*dst++ = ch;
742 			src += 2;
743 			break;
744 		default:
745 			*dst++ = *src;
746 			break;
747 		}
748 	}
749 	*dst = '\0';
750 
751 	return ret;
752 }
753 
754 /*
755  * Parse an (scp|ssh|sftp)://[user@]host[:port][/path] URI.
756  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-scp-sftp-ssh-uri-04
757  * Either user or path may be url-encoded (but not host or port).
758  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
759  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking)
760  * but the scheme must always be specified.
761  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
762  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
763  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to NULL.
764  * Returns 0 on success, 1 if non-uri/wrong scheme, -1 on error/invalid uri.
765  */
766 int
767 parse_uri(const char *scheme, const char *uri, char **userp, char **hostp,
768     int *portp, char **pathp)
769 {
770 	char *uridup, *cp, *tmp, ch;
771 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
772 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
773 	size_t len;
774 
775 	len = strlen(scheme);
776 	if (strncmp(uri, scheme, len) != 0 || strncmp(uri + len, "://", 3) != 0)
777 		return 1;
778 	uri += len + 3;
779 
780 	if (userp != NULL)
781 		*userp = NULL;
782 	if (hostp != NULL)
783 		*hostp = NULL;
784 	if (portp != NULL)
785 		*portp = -1;
786 	if (pathp != NULL)
787 		*pathp = NULL;
788 
789 	uridup = tmp = xstrdup(uri);
790 
791 	/* Extract optional ssh-info (username + connection params) */
792 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
793 		char *delim;
794 
795 		*cp = '\0';
796 		/* Extract username and connection params */
797 		if ((delim = strchr(tmp, ';')) != NULL) {
798 			/* Just ignore connection params for now */
799 			*delim = '\0';
800 		}
801 		if (*tmp == '\0') {
802 			/* Empty username */
803 			goto out;
804 		}
805 		if ((user = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
806 			goto out;
807 		tmp = cp + 1;
808 	}
809 
810 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
811 	if ((cp = hpdelim2(&tmp, &ch)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
812 		goto out;
813 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
814 	if (!valid_domain(host, 0, NULL))
815 		goto out;
816 
817 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
818 		if (ch == ':') {
819 			/* Convert and verify port. */
820 			if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '/')) != NULL)
821 				*cp = '\0';
822 			if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
823 				goto out;
824 			tmp = cp ? cp + 1 : NULL;
825 		}
826 		if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
827 			/* Extract optional path */
828 			if ((path = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
829 				goto out;
830 		}
831 	}
832 
833 	/* Success */
834 	if (userp != NULL) {
835 		*userp = user;
836 		user = NULL;
837 	}
838 	if (hostp != NULL) {
839 		*hostp = host;
840 		host = NULL;
841 	}
842 	if (portp != NULL)
843 		*portp = port;
844 	if (pathp != NULL) {
845 		*pathp = path;
846 		path = NULL;
847 	}
848 	ret = 0;
849  out:
850 	free(uridup);
851 	free(user);
852 	free(host);
853 	free(path);
854 	return ret;
855 }
856 
857 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
858 void
859 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
860 {
861 	va_list ap;
862 	char *cp;
863 	u_int nalloc;
864 	int r;
865 
866 	va_start(ap, fmt);
867 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
868 	va_end(ap);
869 	if (r == -1)
870 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
871 
872 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
873 	if (args->list == NULL) {
874 		nalloc = 32;
875 		args->num = 0;
876 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
877 		nalloc *= 2;
878 
879 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
880 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
881 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
882 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
883 }
884 
885 void
886 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
887 {
888 	va_list ap;
889 	char *cp;
890 	int r;
891 
892 	va_start(ap, fmt);
893 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
894 	va_end(ap);
895 	if (r == -1)
896 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
897 
898 	if (which >= args->num)
899 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
900 		    which, args->num);
901 	free(args->list[which]);
902 	args->list[which] = cp;
903 }
904 
905 void
906 freeargs(arglist *args)
907 {
908 	u_int i;
909 
910 	if (args->list != NULL) {
911 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
912 			free(args->list[i]);
913 		free(args->list);
914 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
915 		args->list = NULL;
916 	}
917 }
918 
919 /*
920  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
921  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
922  */
923 char *
924 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
925 {
926 	const char *path, *sep;
927 	char user[128], *ret;
928 	struct passwd *pw;
929 	u_int len, slash;
930 
931 	if (*filename != '~')
932 		return (xstrdup(filename));
933 	filename++;
934 
935 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
936 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
937 		slash = path - filename;
938 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
939 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
940 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
941 		user[slash] = '\0';
942 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
943 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
944 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
945 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
946 
947 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
948 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
949 	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
950 		sep = "/";
951 	else
952 		sep = "";
953 
954 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
955 	if (path != NULL)
956 		filename = path + 1;
957 
958 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
959 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
960 
961 	return (ret);
962 }
963 
964 /*
965  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
966  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
967  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
968  * allocated by xmalloc.
969  */
970 char *
971 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
972 {
973 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
974 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
975 	struct {
976 		const char *key;
977 		const char *repl;
978 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
979 	char buf[4096];
980 	va_list ap;
981 
982 	/* Gather keys */
983 	va_start(ap, string);
984 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
985 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
986 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
987 			break;
988 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
989 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
990 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
991 	}
992 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
993 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
994 	va_end(ap);
995 
996 	/* Expand string */
997 	*buf = '\0';
998 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
999 		if (*string != '%') {
1000  append:
1001 			buf[i++] = *string;
1002 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
1003 				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
1004 			buf[i] = '\0';
1005 			continue;
1006 		}
1007 		string++;
1008 		/* %% case */
1009 		if (*string == '%')
1010 			goto append;
1011 		if (*string == '\0')
1012 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
1013 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
1014 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
1015 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
1016 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
1017 					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
1018 				break;
1019 			}
1020 		}
1021 		if (j >= num_keys)
1022 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
1023 	}
1024 	return (xstrdup(buf));
1025 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
1026 }
1027 
1028 int
1029 tun_open(int tun, int mode, char **ifname)
1030 {
1031 #if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
1032 	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode, ifname));
1033 #elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
1034 	struct ifreq ifr;
1035 	char name[100];
1036 	int fd = -1, sock;
1037 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
1038 
1039 	if (ifname != NULL)
1040 		*ifname = NULL;
1041 
1042 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
1043 		tunbase = "tap";
1044 
1045 	/* Open the tunnel device */
1046 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
1047 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1048 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
1049 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
1050 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
1051 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
1052 			    tunbase, tun);
1053 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
1054 				break;
1055 		}
1056 	} else {
1057 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
1058 		return -1;
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	if (fd < 0) {
1062 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
1063 		return -1;
1064 	}
1065 
1066 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
1067 
1068 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
1069 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1070 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
1071 		goto failed;
1072 
1073 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1074 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
1075 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1076 		goto failed;
1077 	}
1078 
1079 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
1080 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
1081 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1082 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
1083 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1084 			goto failed;
1085 		}
1086 	}
1087 
1088 	if (ifname != NULL)
1089 		*ifname = xstrdup(ifr.ifr_name);
1090 
1091 	close(sock);
1092 	return fd;
1093 
1094  failed:
1095 	if (fd >= 0)
1096 		close(fd);
1097 	if (sock >= 0)
1098 		close(sock);
1099 	return -1;
1100 #else
1101 	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
1102 	return (-1);
1103 #endif
1104 }
1105 
1106 void
1107 sanitise_stdfd(void)
1108 {
1109 	int nullfd, dupfd;
1110 
1111 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1112 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
1113 		    strerror(errno));
1114 		exit(1);
1115 	}
1116 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
1117 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
1118 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
1119 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
1120 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1121 				exit(1);
1122 			}
1123 		}
1124 	}
1125 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
1126 		close(nullfd);
1127 }
1128 
1129 char *
1130 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
1131 {
1132 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1133 	char b[3], *r;
1134 	size_t i, hl;
1135 
1136 	if (l > 65536)
1137 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
1138 
1139 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
1140 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
1141 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1142 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
1143 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
1144 	}
1145 	return (r);
1146 }
1147 
1148 u_int64_t
1149 get_u64(const void *vp)
1150 {
1151 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1152 	u_int64_t v;
1153 
1154 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
1155 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
1156 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
1157 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
1158 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
1159 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
1160 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
1161 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
1162 
1163 	return (v);
1164 }
1165 
1166 u_int32_t
1167 get_u32(const void *vp)
1168 {
1169 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1170 	u_int32_t v;
1171 
1172 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
1173 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
1174 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
1175 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
1176 
1177 	return (v);
1178 }
1179 
1180 u_int32_t
1181 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
1182 {
1183 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1184 	u_int32_t v;
1185 
1186 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
1187 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
1188 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
1189 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
1190 
1191 	return (v);
1192 }
1193 
1194 u_int16_t
1195 get_u16(const void *vp)
1196 {
1197 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1198 	u_int16_t v;
1199 
1200 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
1201 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
1202 
1203 	return (v);
1204 }
1205 
1206 void
1207 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
1208 {
1209 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1210 
1211 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
1212 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
1213 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
1214 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
1215 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1216 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1217 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1218 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1219 }
1220 
1221 void
1222 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1223 {
1224 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1225 
1226 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1227 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1228 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1229 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1230 }
1231 
1232 void
1233 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1234 {
1235 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1236 
1237 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1238 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1239 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1240 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1241 }
1242 
1243 void
1244 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
1245 {
1246 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1247 
1248 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1249 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1250 }
1251 
1252 void
1253 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
1254 {
1255 	struct timeval diff, finish;
1256 
1257 	monotime_tv(&finish);
1258 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
1259 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
1260 }
1261 
1262 void
1263 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
1264 {
1265 	if (ms < 0)
1266 		ms = 0;
1267 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
1268 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
1269 }
1270 
1271 void
1272 monotime_ts(struct timespec *ts)
1273 {
1274 	struct timeval tv;
1275 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && (defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME) || \
1276     defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_REALTIME))
1277 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
1278 
1279 	if (!gettime_failed) {
1280 # ifdef CLOCK_BOOTTIME
1281 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, ts) == 0)
1282 			return;
1283 # endif /* CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
1284 # ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
1285 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts) == 0)
1286 			return;
1287 # endif /* CLOCK_MONOTONIC */
1288 # ifdef CLOCK_REALTIME
1289 		/* Not monotonic, but we're almost out of options here. */
1290 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, ts) == 0)
1291 			return;
1292 # endif /* CLOCK_REALTIME */
1293 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
1294 		gettime_failed = 1;
1295 	}
1296 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (BOOTTIME || MONOTONIC || REALTIME) */
1297 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1298 	ts->tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1299 	ts->tv_nsec = (long)tv.tv_usec * 1000;
1300 }
1301 
1302 void
1303 monotime_tv(struct timeval *tv)
1304 {
1305 	struct timespec ts;
1306 
1307 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1308 	tv->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1309 	tv->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
1310 }
1311 
1312 time_t
1313 monotime(void)
1314 {
1315 	struct timespec ts;
1316 
1317 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1318 	return ts.tv_sec;
1319 }
1320 
1321 double
1322 monotime_double(void)
1323 {
1324 	struct timespec ts;
1325 
1326 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1327 	return ts.tv_sec + ((double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
1328 }
1329 
1330 void
1331 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1332 {
1333 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1334 	bw->rate = kbps;
1335 	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
1336 	bw->lamt = 0;
1337 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1338 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1339 }
1340 
1341 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1342 void
1343 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1344 {
1345 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1346 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1347 
1348 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1349 		monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1350 		return;
1351 	}
1352 
1353 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1354 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1355 		return;
1356 
1357 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwend);
1358 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1359 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1360 		return;
1361 
1362 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1363 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1364 
1365 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1366 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1367 
1368 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1369 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1370 
1371 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1372 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1373 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1374 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1375 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1376 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1377 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1378 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1379 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1380 		}
1381 
1382 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1383 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1384 			if (errno != EINTR)
1385 				break;
1386 			ts = rm;
1387 		}
1388 	}
1389 
1390 	bw->lamt = 0;
1391 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1392 }
1393 
1394 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1395 void
1396 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1397 {
1398 	const char *tmpdir;
1399 	int r;
1400 
1401 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1402 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1403 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1404 			return;
1405 	}
1406 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1407 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1408 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1409 }
1410 
1411 static const struct {
1412 	const char *name;
1413 	int value;
1414 } ipqos[] = {
1415 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1416 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1417 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1418 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1419 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1420 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1421 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1422 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1423 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1424 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1425 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1426 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1427 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1428 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1429 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1430 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1431 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1432 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1433 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1434 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1435 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1436 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1437 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1438 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1439 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1440 	{ NULL, -1 }
1441 };
1442 
1443 int
1444 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1445 {
1446 	u_int i;
1447 	char *ep;
1448 	long val;
1449 
1450 	if (cp == NULL)
1451 		return -1;
1452 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1453 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1454 			return ipqos[i].value;
1455 	}
1456 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1457 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1458 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1459 		return -1;
1460 	return val;
1461 }
1462 
1463 const char *
1464 iptos2str(int iptos)
1465 {
1466 	int i;
1467 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1468 
1469 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1470 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1471 			return ipqos[i].name;
1472 	}
1473 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1474 	return iptos_str;
1475 }
1476 
1477 void
1478 lowercase(char *s)
1479 {
1480 	for (; *s; s++)
1481 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1482 }
1483 
1484 int
1485 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1486 {
1487 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1488 	int saved_errno, sock;
1489 
1490 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1491 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1492 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path,
1493 	    sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1494 		error("%s: path \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket",
1495 		    __func__, path);
1496 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1497 		return -1;
1498 	}
1499 
1500 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1501 	if (sock < 0) {
1502 		saved_errno = errno;
1503 		error("%s: socket: %.100s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1504 		errno = saved_errno;
1505 		return -1;
1506 	}
1507 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1508 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1509 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1510 	}
1511 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) < 0) {
1512 		saved_errno = errno;
1513 		error("%s: cannot bind to path %s: %s",
1514 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1515 		close(sock);
1516 		errno = saved_errno;
1517 		return -1;
1518 	}
1519 	if (listen(sock, backlog) < 0) {
1520 		saved_errno = errno;
1521 		error("%s: cannot listen on path %s: %s",
1522 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1523 		close(sock);
1524 		unlink(path);
1525 		errno = saved_errno;
1526 		return -1;
1527 	}
1528 	return sock;
1529 }
1530 
1531 void
1532 sock_set_v6only(int s)
1533 {
1534 #if defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
1535 	int on = 1;
1536 
1537 	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1538 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1539 		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1540 #endif
1541 }
1542 
1543 /*
1544  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1545  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1546  */
1547 static int
1548 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1549 {
1550 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1551 		return 0;
1552 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1553 		return 0;
1554 	return 1;
1555 }
1556 
1557 /*
1558  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1559  * zero otherwise.
1560  */
1561 int
1562 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1563 {
1564 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1565 		return 0;
1566 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1567 		return 0;
1568 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1569 		return 0;
1570 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1571 		return 0;
1572 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1573 		return 0;
1574 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1575 		return 0;
1576 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1577 	return 1;
1578 }
1579 
1580 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1581 int
1582 daemonized(void)
1583 {
1584 	int fd;
1585 
1586 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1587 		close(fd);
1588 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1589 	}
1590 	if (getppid() != 1)
1591 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1592 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1593 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1594 	debug3("already daemonized");
1595 	return 1;
1596 }
1597 
1598 
1599 /*
1600  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1601  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1602  * and its members.
1603  */
1604 int
1605 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp)
1606 {
1607 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1608 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1609 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1610 
1611 	*argvp = NULL;
1612 	*argcp = 0;
1613 
1614 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1615 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1616 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1617 			continue;
1618 
1619 		/* Start of a token */
1620 		quote = 0;
1621 		if (s[i] == '\\' &&
1622 		    (s[i + 1] == '\'' || s[i + 1] == '\"' || s[i + 1] == '\\'))
1623 			i++;
1624 		else if (s[i] == '\'' || s[i] == '"')
1625 			quote = s[i++];
1626 
1627 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1628 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1629 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1630 
1631 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1632 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1633 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1634 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1635 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1636 				    s[i + 1] == '\\') {
1637 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1638 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1639 				} else {
1640 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1641 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1642 				}
1643 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1644 				break; /* done */
1645 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1646 				break; /* done */
1647 			else
1648 				arg[j++] = s[i];
1649 		}
1650 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
1651 			if (quote != 0) {
1652 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
1653 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1654 				goto out;
1655 			}
1656 			break;
1657 		}
1658 	}
1659 	/* Success */
1660 	*argcp = argc;
1661 	*argvp = argv;
1662 	argc = 0;
1663 	argv = NULL;
1664 	r = 0;
1665  out:
1666 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
1667 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
1668 			free(argv[i]);
1669 		free(argv);
1670 	}
1671 	return r;
1672 }
1673 
1674 /*
1675  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
1676  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
1677  */
1678 char *
1679 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
1680 {
1681 	int i, j, ws, r;
1682 	char c, *ret;
1683 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
1684 
1685 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1686 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1687 
1688 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1689 		ws = 0;
1690 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
1691 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
1692 			r = 0;
1693 			c = argv[i][j];
1694 			switch (c) {
1695 			case ' ':
1696 			case '\t':
1697 				ws = 1;
1698 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1699 				break;
1700 			case '\\':
1701 			case '\'':
1702 			case '"':
1703 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
1704 					break;
1705 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
1706 			default:
1707 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1708 				break;
1709 			}
1710 			if (r != 0)
1711 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1712 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1713 		}
1714 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
1715 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
1716 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
1717 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
1718 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1719 	}
1720 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
1721 		fatal("%s: malloc failed", __func__);
1722 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
1723 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
1724 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1725 	sshbuf_free(arg);
1726 	return ret;
1727 }
1728 
1729 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
1730 int
1731 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
1732 {
1733 	int status;
1734 
1735 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1736 		if (errno != EINTR) {
1737 			error("%s: waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1738 			return -1;
1739 		}
1740 	}
1741 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1742 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
1743 		return -1;
1744 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
1745 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
1746 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
1747 		return -1;
1748 	}
1749 	return 0;
1750 }
1751 
1752 /*
1753  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
1754  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
1755  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
1756  *
1757  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
1758  *
1759  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
1760  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
1761  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
1762  *
1763  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1764  */
1765 int
1766 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
1767     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
1768 {
1769 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
1770 	char *cp;
1771 	int comparehome = 0;
1772 	struct stat st;
1773 
1774 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
1775 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
1776 		    strerror(errno));
1777 		return -1;
1778 	}
1779 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
1780 		comparehome = 1;
1781 
1782 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
1783 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
1784 		return -1;
1785 	}
1786 	if ((!platform_sys_dir_uid(stp->st_uid) && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
1787 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1788 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
1789 		    buf);
1790 		return -1;
1791 	}
1792 
1793 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
1794 	for (;;) {
1795 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
1796 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
1797 			return -1;
1798 		}
1799 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
1800 
1801 		if (stat(buf, &st) < 0 ||
1802 		    (!platform_sys_dir_uid(st.st_uid) && st.st_uid != uid) ||
1803 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1804 			snprintf(err, errlen,
1805 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
1806 			return -1;
1807 		}
1808 
1809 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
1810 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
1811 			break;
1812 
1813 		/*
1814 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
1815 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
1816 		 */
1817 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
1818 			break;
1819 	}
1820 	return 0;
1821 }
1822 
1823 /*
1824  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
1825  * avoid races.
1826  *
1827  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1828  */
1829 int
1830 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
1831     char *err, size_t errlen)
1832 {
1833 	struct stat st;
1834 
1835 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
1836 	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1837 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
1838 		    file, strerror(errno));
1839 		return -1;
1840 	}
1841 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
1842 }
1843 
1844 /*
1845  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
1846  * already exists, its value is overridden.
1847  */
1848 void
1849 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
1850 	const char *value)
1851 {
1852 	char **env;
1853 	u_int envsize;
1854 	u_int i, namelen;
1855 
1856 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
1857 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
1858 		return;
1859 	}
1860 
1861 	/*
1862 	 * If we're passed an uninitialized list, allocate a single null
1863 	 * entry before continuing.
1864 	 */
1865 	if (*envp == NULL && *envsizep == 0) {
1866 		*envp = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
1867 		*envp[0] = NULL;
1868 		*envsizep = 1;
1869 	}
1870 
1871 	/*
1872 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
1873 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
1874 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
1875 	 */
1876 	env = *envp;
1877 	namelen = strlen(name);
1878 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1879 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
1880 			break;
1881 	if (env[i]) {
1882 		/* Reuse the slot. */
1883 		free(env[i]);
1884 	} else {
1885 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
1886 		envsize = *envsizep;
1887 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
1888 			if (envsize >= 1000)
1889 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
1890 			envsize += 50;
1891 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
1892 			*envsizep = envsize;
1893 		}
1894 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
1895 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
1896 	}
1897 
1898 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
1899 	/* XXX xasprintf */
1900 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
1901 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
1902 }
1903 
1904 /*
1905  * Check and optionally lowercase a domain name, also removes trailing '.'
1906  * Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure, storing an error message in errstr.
1907  */
1908 int
1909 valid_domain(char *name, int makelower, const char **errstr)
1910 {
1911 	size_t i, l = strlen(name);
1912 	u_char c, last = '\0';
1913 	static char errbuf[256];
1914 
1915 	if (l == 0) {
1916 		strlcpy(errbuf, "empty domain name", sizeof(errbuf));
1917 		goto bad;
1918 	}
1919 	if (!isalpha((u_char)name[0]) && !isdigit((u_char)name[0])) {
1920 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name \"%.100s\" "
1921 		    "starts with invalid character", name);
1922 		goto bad;
1923 	}
1924 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1925 		c = tolower((u_char)name[i]);
1926 		if (makelower)
1927 			name[i] = (char)c;
1928 		if (last == '.' && c == '.') {
1929 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1930 			    "\"%.100s\" contains consecutive separators", name);
1931 			goto bad;
1932 		}
1933 		if (c != '.' && c != '-' && !isalnum(c) &&
1934 		    c != '_') /* technically invalid, but common */ {
1935 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1936 			    "\"%.100s\" contains invalid characters", name);
1937 			goto bad;
1938 		}
1939 		last = c;
1940 	}
1941 	if (name[l - 1] == '.')
1942 		name[l - 1] = '\0';
1943 	if (errstr != NULL)
1944 		*errstr = NULL;
1945 	return 1;
1946 bad:
1947 	if (errstr != NULL)
1948 		*errstr = errbuf;
1949 	return 0;
1950 }
1951 
1952 const char *
1953 atoi_err(const char *nptr, int *val)
1954 {
1955 	const char *errstr = NULL;
1956 	long long num;
1957 
1958 	if (nptr == NULL || *nptr == '\0')
1959 		return "missing";
1960 	num = strtonum(nptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
1961 	if (errstr == NULL)
1962 		*val = (int)num;
1963 	return errstr;
1964 }
1965 
1966 int
1967 parse_absolute_time(const char *s, uint64_t *tp)
1968 {
1969 	struct tm tm;
1970 	time_t tt;
1971 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1972 
1973 	*tp = 0;
1974 
1975 	/*
1976 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1977 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1978 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1979 	 */
1980 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1981 	case 8: /* YYYYMMDD */
1982 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1983 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1984 		break;
1985 	case 12: /* YYYYMMDDHHMM */
1986 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M";
1987 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s",
1988 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10);
1989 		break;
1990 	case 14: /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS */
1991 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1992 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1993 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1994 		break;
1995 	default:
1996 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1997 	}
1998 
1999 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
2000 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
2001 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2002 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
2003 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2004 	/* success */
2005 	*tp = (uint64_t)tt;
2006 	return 0;
2007 }
2008 
2009 void
2010 format_absolute_time(uint64_t t, char *buf, size_t len)
2011 {
2012 	time_t tt = t > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : t; /* XXX revisit in 2038 :P */
2013 	struct tm tm;
2014 
2015 	localtime_r(&tt, &tm);
2016 	strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &tm);
2017 }
2018