xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/misc.c (revision 3cbb4cc200f8a0ad7ed08233425ea54524a21f1c)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.133 2018/10/05 14:26:09 naddy Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include "includes.h"
28 
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
32 #include <sys/stat.h>
33 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <sys/wait.h>
36 #include <sys/un.h>
37 
38 #include <limits.h>
39 #ifdef HAVE_LIBGEN_H
40 # include <libgen.h>
41 #endif
42 #include <signal.h>
43 #include <stdarg.h>
44 #include <stdio.h>
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <time.h>
48 #include <unistd.h>
49 
50 #include <netinet/in.h>
51 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
52 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
54 #include <arpa/inet.h>
55 
56 #include <ctype.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <fcntl.h>
59 #include <netdb.h>
60 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
61 # include <paths.h>
62 #include <pwd.h>
63 #endif
64 #ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
65 #include <net/if.h>
66 #endif
67 
68 #include "xmalloc.h"
69 #include "misc.h"
70 #include "log.h"
71 #include "ssh.h"
72 #include "sshbuf.h"
73 #include "ssherr.h"
74 #include "platform.h"
75 
76 /* remove newline at end of string */
77 char *
78 chop(char *s)
79 {
80 	char *t = s;
81 	while (*t) {
82 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
83 			*t = '\0';
84 			return s;
85 		}
86 		t++;
87 	}
88 	return s;
89 
90 }
91 
92 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
93 int
94 set_nonblock(int fd)
95 {
96 	int val;
97 
98 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
99 	if (val < 0) {
100 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
101 		return (-1);
102 	}
103 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
104 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
105 		return (0);
106 	}
107 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
108 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
109 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
110 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
111 		    strerror(errno));
112 		return (-1);
113 	}
114 	return (0);
115 }
116 
117 int
118 unset_nonblock(int fd)
119 {
120 	int val;
121 
122 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
123 	if (val < 0) {
124 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
125 		return (-1);
126 	}
127 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
128 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
129 		return (0);
130 	}
131 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
132 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
133 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
134 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
135 		    fd, strerror(errno));
136 		return (-1);
137 	}
138 	return (0);
139 }
140 
141 const char *
142 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
143 {
144 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
145 		return strerror(errno);
146 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
147 }
148 
149 /* disable nagle on socket */
150 void
151 set_nodelay(int fd)
152 {
153 	int opt;
154 	socklen_t optlen;
155 
156 	optlen = sizeof opt;
157 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
158 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
159 		return;
160 	}
161 	if (opt == 1) {
162 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
163 		return;
164 	}
165 	opt = 1;
166 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
167 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
168 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
169 }
170 
171 /* Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT */
172 int
173 set_reuseaddr(int fd)
174 {
175 	int on = 1;
176 
177 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
178 		error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
179 		return -1;
180 	}
181 	return 0;
182 }
183 
184 /* Get/set routing domain */
185 char *
186 get_rdomain(int fd)
187 {
188 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_GET_RDOMAIN)
189 	return sys_get_rdomain(fd);
190 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
191 	int rtable;
192 	char *ret;
193 	socklen_t len = sizeof(rtable);
194 
195 	if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtable, &len) == -1) {
196 		error("Failed to get routing domain for fd %d: %s",
197 		    fd, strerror(errno));
198 		return NULL;
199 	}
200 	xasprintf(&ret, "%d", rtable);
201 	return ret;
202 #else /* defined(__OpenBSD__) */
203 	return NULL;
204 #endif
205 }
206 
207 int
208 set_rdomain(int fd, const char *name)
209 {
210 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_SET_RDOMAIN)
211 	return sys_set_rdomain(fd, name);
212 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
213 	int rtable;
214 	const char *errstr;
215 
216 	if (name == NULL)
217 		return 0; /* default table */
218 
219 	rtable = (int)strtonum(name, 0, 255, &errstr);
220 	if (errstr != NULL) {
221 		/* Shouldn't happen */
222 		error("Invalid routing domain \"%s\": %s", name, errstr);
223 		return -1;
224 	}
225 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
226 	    &rtable, sizeof(rtable)) == -1) {
227 		error("Failed to set routing domain %d on fd %d: %s",
228 		    rtable, fd, strerror(errno));
229 		return -1;
230 	}
231 	return 0;
232 #else /* defined(__OpenBSD__) */
233 	error("Setting routing domain is not supported on this platform");
234 	return -1;
235 #endif
236 }
237 
238 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
239 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
240 #define QUOTE	"\""
241 
242 /* return next token in configuration line */
243 static char *
244 strdelim_internal(char **s, int split_equals)
245 {
246 	char *old;
247 	int wspace = 0;
248 
249 	if (*s == NULL)
250 		return NULL;
251 
252 	old = *s;
253 
254 	*s = strpbrk(*s,
255 	    split_equals ? WHITESPACE QUOTE "=" : WHITESPACE QUOTE);
256 	if (*s == NULL)
257 		return (old);
258 
259 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
260 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
261 		/* Find matching quote */
262 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
263 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
264 		} else {
265 			*s[0] = '\0';
266 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
267 			return (old);
268 		}
269 	}
270 
271 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
272 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=')
273 		wspace = 1;
274 	*s[0] = '\0';
275 
276 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
277 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
278 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
279 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
280 
281 	return (old);
282 }
283 
284 /*
285  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace or a
286  * single '=' character.
287  */
288 char *
289 strdelim(char **s)
290 {
291 	return strdelim_internal(s, 1);
292 }
293 
294 /*
295  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace only.
296  */
297 char *
298 strdelimw(char **s)
299 {
300 	return strdelim_internal(s, 0);
301 }
302 
303 struct passwd *
304 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
305 {
306 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
307 
308 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
309 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
310 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
311 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
312 #endif
313 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
314 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
315 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_EXPIRE
316 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
317 #endif
318 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CHANGE
319 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
320 #endif
321 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
322 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
323 #endif
324 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
325 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
326 	return copy;
327 }
328 
329 /*
330  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
331  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
332  * Return -1 if invalid.
333  */
334 int
335 a2port(const char *s)
336 {
337 	struct servent *se;
338 	long long port;
339 	const char *errstr;
340 
341 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
342 	if (errstr == NULL)
343 		return (int)port;
344 	if ((se = getservbyname(s, "tcp")) != NULL)
345 		return ntohs(se->s_port);
346 	return -1;
347 }
348 
349 int
350 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
351 {
352 	const char *errstr = NULL;
353 	char *sp, *ep;
354 	int tun;
355 
356 	if (remote != NULL) {
357 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
358 		sp = xstrdup(s);
359 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
360 			free(sp);
361 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
362 		}
363 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
364 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
365 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
366 		free(sp);
367 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
368 	}
369 
370 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
371 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
372 
373 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
374 	if (errstr != NULL)
375 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
376 
377 	return (tun);
378 }
379 
380 #define SECONDS		1
381 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
382 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
383 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
384 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
385 
386 /*
387  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
388  * a sequence of:
389  *      time[qualifier]
390  *
391  * Valid time qualifiers are:
392  *      <none>  seconds
393  *      s|S     seconds
394  *      m|M     minutes
395  *      h|H     hours
396  *      d|D     days
397  *      w|W     weeks
398  *
399  * Examples:
400  *      90m     90 minutes
401  *      1h30m   90 minutes
402  *      2d      2 days
403  *      1w      1 week
404  *
405  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
406  */
407 long
408 convtime(const char *s)
409 {
410 	long total, secs, multiplier = 1;
411 	const char *p;
412 	char *endp;
413 
414 	errno = 0;
415 	total = 0;
416 	p = s;
417 
418 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
419 		return -1;
420 
421 	while (*p) {
422 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
423 		if (p == endp ||
424 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
425 		    secs < 0)
426 			return -1;
427 
428 		switch (*endp++) {
429 		case '\0':
430 			endp--;
431 			break;
432 		case 's':
433 		case 'S':
434 			break;
435 		case 'm':
436 		case 'M':
437 			multiplier = MINUTES;
438 			break;
439 		case 'h':
440 		case 'H':
441 			multiplier = HOURS;
442 			break;
443 		case 'd':
444 		case 'D':
445 			multiplier = DAYS;
446 			break;
447 		case 'w':
448 		case 'W':
449 			multiplier = WEEKS;
450 			break;
451 		default:
452 			return -1;
453 		}
454 		if (secs >= LONG_MAX / multiplier)
455 			return -1;
456 		secs *= multiplier;
457 		if  (total >= LONG_MAX - secs)
458 			return -1;
459 		total += secs;
460 		if (total < 0)
461 			return -1;
462 		p = endp;
463 	}
464 
465 	return total;
466 }
467 
468 /*
469  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
470  * Caller must free returned string.
471  */
472 char *
473 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
474 {
475 	char *hoststr;
476 
477 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
478 		return(xstrdup(host));
479 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
480 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
481 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
482 	return hoststr;
483 }
484 
485 /*
486  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
487  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
488  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
489  * *cp is set to the start of the next field, if one was found.
490  * The delimiter char, if present, is stored in delim.
491  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
492  */
493 static char *
494 hpdelim2(char **cp, char *delim)
495 {
496 	char *s, *old;
497 
498 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
499 		return NULL;
500 
501 	old = s = *cp;
502 	if (*s == '[') {
503 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
504 			return NULL;
505 		else
506 			s++;
507 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
508 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
509 
510 	switch (*s) {
511 	case '\0':
512 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
513 		break;
514 
515 	case ':':
516 	case '/':
517 		if (delim != NULL)
518 			*delim = *s;
519 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
520 		*cp = s + 1;
521 		break;
522 
523 	default:
524 		return NULL;
525 	}
526 
527 	return old;
528 }
529 
530 char *
531 hpdelim(char **cp)
532 {
533 	return hpdelim2(cp, NULL);
534 }
535 
536 char *
537 cleanhostname(char *host)
538 {
539 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
540 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
541 		return (host + 1);
542 	} else
543 		return host;
544 }
545 
546 char *
547 colon(char *cp)
548 {
549 	int flag = 0;
550 
551 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
552 		return NULL;
553 	if (*cp == '[')
554 		flag = 1;
555 
556 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
557 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
558 			flag = 1;
559 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
560 			return (cp+1);
561 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
562 			return (cp);
563 		if (*cp == '/')
564 			return NULL;
565 	}
566 	return NULL;
567 }
568 
569 /*
570  * Parse a [user@]host:[path] string.
571  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
572  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
573  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
574  * If host was not specified then *hostp will be set to NULL.
575  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to ".".
576  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
577  */
578 int
579 parse_user_host_path(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, char **pathp)
580 {
581 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
582 	char *sdup, *tmp;
583 	int ret = -1;
584 
585 	if (userp != NULL)
586 		*userp = NULL;
587 	if (hostp != NULL)
588 		*hostp = NULL;
589 	if (pathp != NULL)
590 		*pathp = NULL;
591 
592 	sdup = xstrdup(s);
593 
594 	/* Check for remote syntax: [user@]host:[path] */
595 	if ((tmp = colon(sdup)) == NULL)
596 		goto out;
597 
598 	/* Extract optional path */
599 	*tmp++ = '\0';
600 	if (*tmp == '\0')
601 		tmp = ".";
602 	path = xstrdup(tmp);
603 
604 	/* Extract optional user and mandatory host */
605 	tmp = strrchr(sdup, '@');
606 	if (tmp != NULL) {
607 		*tmp++ = '\0';
608 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(tmp));
609 		if (*sdup != '\0')
610 			user = xstrdup(sdup);
611 	} else {
612 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(sdup));
613 		user = NULL;
614 	}
615 
616 	/* Success */
617 	if (userp != NULL) {
618 		*userp = user;
619 		user = NULL;
620 	}
621 	if (hostp != NULL) {
622 		*hostp = host;
623 		host = NULL;
624 	}
625 	if (pathp != NULL) {
626 		*pathp = path;
627 		path = NULL;
628 	}
629 	ret = 0;
630 out:
631 	free(sdup);
632 	free(user);
633 	free(host);
634 	free(path);
635 	return ret;
636 }
637 
638 /*
639  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
640  * Caller must free returned user and host.
641  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
642  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
643  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
644  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
645  */
646 int
647 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
648 {
649 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
650 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
651 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
652 
653 	if (userp != NULL)
654 		*userp = NULL;
655 	if (hostp != NULL)
656 		*hostp = NULL;
657 	if (portp != NULL)
658 		*portp = -1;
659 
660 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
661 		return -1;
662 	/* Extract optional username */
663 	if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
664 		*cp = '\0';
665 		if (*tmp == '\0')
666 			goto out;
667 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
668 			goto out;
669 		tmp = cp + 1;
670 	}
671 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
672 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
673 		goto out;
674 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
675 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
676 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
677 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
678 			goto out;
679 	}
680 	/* Success */
681 	if (userp != NULL) {
682 		*userp = user;
683 		user = NULL;
684 	}
685 	if (hostp != NULL) {
686 		*hostp = host;
687 		host = NULL;
688 	}
689 	if (portp != NULL)
690 		*portp = port;
691 	ret = 0;
692  out:
693 	free(sdup);
694 	free(user);
695 	free(host);
696 	return ret;
697 }
698 
699 /*
700  * Converts a two-byte hex string to decimal.
701  * Returns the decimal value or -1 for invalid input.
702  */
703 static int
704 hexchar(const char *s)
705 {
706 	unsigned char result[2];
707 	int i;
708 
709 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
710 		if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
711 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - '0');
712 		else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
713 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'a') + 10;
714 		else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
715 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'A') + 10;
716 		else
717 			return -1;
718 	}
719 	return (result[0] << 4) | result[1];
720 }
721 
722 /*
723  * Decode an url-encoded string.
724  * Returns a newly allocated string on success or NULL on failure.
725  */
726 static char *
727 urldecode(const char *src)
728 {
729 	char *ret, *dst;
730 	int ch;
731 
732 	ret = xmalloc(strlen(src) + 1);
733 	for (dst = ret; *src != '\0'; src++) {
734 		switch (*src) {
735 		case '+':
736 			*dst++ = ' ';
737 			break;
738 		case '%':
739 			if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)src[1]) ||
740 			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)src[2]) ||
741 			    (ch = hexchar(src + 1)) == -1) {
742 				free(ret);
743 				return NULL;
744 			}
745 			*dst++ = ch;
746 			src += 2;
747 			break;
748 		default:
749 			*dst++ = *src;
750 			break;
751 		}
752 	}
753 	*dst = '\0';
754 
755 	return ret;
756 }
757 
758 /*
759  * Parse an (scp|ssh|sftp)://[user@]host[:port][/path] URI.
760  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-scp-sftp-ssh-uri-04
761  * Either user or path may be url-encoded (but not host or port).
762  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
763  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking)
764  * but the scheme must always be specified.
765  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
766  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
767  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to NULL.
768  * Returns 0 on success, 1 if non-uri/wrong scheme, -1 on error/invalid uri.
769  */
770 int
771 parse_uri(const char *scheme, const char *uri, char **userp, char **hostp,
772     int *portp, char **pathp)
773 {
774 	char *uridup, *cp, *tmp, ch;
775 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
776 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
777 	size_t len;
778 
779 	len = strlen(scheme);
780 	if (strncmp(uri, scheme, len) != 0 || strncmp(uri + len, "://", 3) != 0)
781 		return 1;
782 	uri += len + 3;
783 
784 	if (userp != NULL)
785 		*userp = NULL;
786 	if (hostp != NULL)
787 		*hostp = NULL;
788 	if (portp != NULL)
789 		*portp = -1;
790 	if (pathp != NULL)
791 		*pathp = NULL;
792 
793 	uridup = tmp = xstrdup(uri);
794 
795 	/* Extract optional ssh-info (username + connection params) */
796 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
797 		char *delim;
798 
799 		*cp = '\0';
800 		/* Extract username and connection params */
801 		if ((delim = strchr(tmp, ';')) != NULL) {
802 			/* Just ignore connection params for now */
803 			*delim = '\0';
804 		}
805 		if (*tmp == '\0') {
806 			/* Empty username */
807 			goto out;
808 		}
809 		if ((user = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
810 			goto out;
811 		tmp = cp + 1;
812 	}
813 
814 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
815 	if ((cp = hpdelim2(&tmp, &ch)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
816 		goto out;
817 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
818 	if (!valid_domain(host, 0, NULL))
819 		goto out;
820 
821 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
822 		if (ch == ':') {
823 			/* Convert and verify port. */
824 			if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '/')) != NULL)
825 				*cp = '\0';
826 			if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
827 				goto out;
828 			tmp = cp ? cp + 1 : NULL;
829 		}
830 		if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
831 			/* Extract optional path */
832 			if ((path = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
833 				goto out;
834 		}
835 	}
836 
837 	/* Success */
838 	if (userp != NULL) {
839 		*userp = user;
840 		user = NULL;
841 	}
842 	if (hostp != NULL) {
843 		*hostp = host;
844 		host = NULL;
845 	}
846 	if (portp != NULL)
847 		*portp = port;
848 	if (pathp != NULL) {
849 		*pathp = path;
850 		path = NULL;
851 	}
852 	ret = 0;
853  out:
854 	free(uridup);
855 	free(user);
856 	free(host);
857 	free(path);
858 	return ret;
859 }
860 
861 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
862 void
863 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
864 {
865 	va_list ap;
866 	char *cp;
867 	u_int nalloc;
868 	int r;
869 
870 	va_start(ap, fmt);
871 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
872 	va_end(ap);
873 	if (r == -1)
874 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
875 
876 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
877 	if (args->list == NULL) {
878 		nalloc = 32;
879 		args->num = 0;
880 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
881 		nalloc *= 2;
882 
883 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
884 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
885 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
886 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
887 }
888 
889 void
890 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
891 {
892 	va_list ap;
893 	char *cp;
894 	int r;
895 
896 	va_start(ap, fmt);
897 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
898 	va_end(ap);
899 	if (r == -1)
900 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
901 
902 	if (which >= args->num)
903 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
904 		    which, args->num);
905 	free(args->list[which]);
906 	args->list[which] = cp;
907 }
908 
909 void
910 freeargs(arglist *args)
911 {
912 	u_int i;
913 
914 	if (args->list != NULL) {
915 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
916 			free(args->list[i]);
917 		free(args->list);
918 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
919 		args->list = NULL;
920 	}
921 }
922 
923 /*
924  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
925  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
926  */
927 char *
928 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
929 {
930 	const char *path, *sep;
931 	char user[128], *ret;
932 	struct passwd *pw;
933 	u_int len, slash;
934 
935 	if (*filename != '~')
936 		return (xstrdup(filename));
937 	filename++;
938 
939 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
940 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
941 		slash = path - filename;
942 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
943 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
944 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
945 		user[slash] = '\0';
946 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
947 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
948 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
949 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
950 
951 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
952 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
953 	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
954 		sep = "/";
955 	else
956 		sep = "";
957 
958 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
959 	if (path != NULL)
960 		filename = path + 1;
961 
962 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
963 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
964 
965 	return (ret);
966 }
967 
968 /*
969  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
970  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
971  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
972  * allocated by xmalloc.
973  */
974 char *
975 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
976 {
977 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
978 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
979 	struct {
980 		const char *key;
981 		const char *repl;
982 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
983 	char buf[4096];
984 	va_list ap;
985 
986 	/* Gather keys */
987 	va_start(ap, string);
988 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
989 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
990 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
991 			break;
992 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
993 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
994 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
995 	}
996 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
997 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
998 	va_end(ap);
999 
1000 	/* Expand string */
1001 	*buf = '\0';
1002 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
1003 		if (*string != '%') {
1004  append:
1005 			buf[i++] = *string;
1006 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
1007 				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
1008 			buf[i] = '\0';
1009 			continue;
1010 		}
1011 		string++;
1012 		/* %% case */
1013 		if (*string == '%')
1014 			goto append;
1015 		if (*string == '\0')
1016 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
1017 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
1018 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
1019 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
1020 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
1021 					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
1022 				break;
1023 			}
1024 		}
1025 		if (j >= num_keys)
1026 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
1027 	}
1028 	return (xstrdup(buf));
1029 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
1030 }
1031 
1032 int
1033 tun_open(int tun, int mode, char **ifname)
1034 {
1035 #if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
1036 	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode, ifname));
1037 #elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
1038 	struct ifreq ifr;
1039 	char name[100];
1040 	int fd = -1, sock;
1041 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
1042 
1043 	if (ifname != NULL)
1044 		*ifname = NULL;
1045 
1046 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
1047 		tunbase = "tap";
1048 
1049 	/* Open the tunnel device */
1050 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
1051 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1052 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
1053 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
1054 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
1055 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
1056 			    tunbase, tun);
1057 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
1058 				break;
1059 		}
1060 	} else {
1061 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
1062 		return -1;
1063 	}
1064 
1065 	if (fd < 0) {
1066 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
1067 		return -1;
1068 	}
1069 
1070 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
1071 
1072 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
1073 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1074 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
1075 		goto failed;
1076 
1077 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1078 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
1079 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1080 		goto failed;
1081 	}
1082 
1083 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
1084 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
1085 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1086 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
1087 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1088 			goto failed;
1089 		}
1090 	}
1091 
1092 	if (ifname != NULL)
1093 		*ifname = xstrdup(ifr.ifr_name);
1094 
1095 	close(sock);
1096 	return fd;
1097 
1098  failed:
1099 	if (fd >= 0)
1100 		close(fd);
1101 	if (sock >= 0)
1102 		close(sock);
1103 	return -1;
1104 #else
1105 	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
1106 	return (-1);
1107 #endif
1108 }
1109 
1110 void
1111 sanitise_stdfd(void)
1112 {
1113 	int nullfd, dupfd;
1114 
1115 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1116 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
1117 		    strerror(errno));
1118 		exit(1);
1119 	}
1120 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
1121 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
1122 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
1123 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
1124 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1125 				exit(1);
1126 			}
1127 		}
1128 	}
1129 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
1130 		close(nullfd);
1131 }
1132 
1133 char *
1134 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
1135 {
1136 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1137 	char b[3], *r;
1138 	size_t i, hl;
1139 
1140 	if (l > 65536)
1141 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
1142 
1143 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
1144 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
1145 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1146 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
1147 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
1148 	}
1149 	return (r);
1150 }
1151 
1152 u_int64_t
1153 get_u64(const void *vp)
1154 {
1155 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1156 	u_int64_t v;
1157 
1158 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
1159 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
1160 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
1161 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
1162 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
1163 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
1164 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
1165 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
1166 
1167 	return (v);
1168 }
1169 
1170 u_int32_t
1171 get_u32(const void *vp)
1172 {
1173 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1174 	u_int32_t v;
1175 
1176 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
1177 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
1178 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
1179 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
1180 
1181 	return (v);
1182 }
1183 
1184 u_int32_t
1185 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
1186 {
1187 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1188 	u_int32_t v;
1189 
1190 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
1191 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
1192 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
1193 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
1194 
1195 	return (v);
1196 }
1197 
1198 u_int16_t
1199 get_u16(const void *vp)
1200 {
1201 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1202 	u_int16_t v;
1203 
1204 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
1205 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
1206 
1207 	return (v);
1208 }
1209 
1210 void
1211 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
1212 {
1213 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1214 
1215 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
1216 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
1217 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
1218 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
1219 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1220 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1221 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1222 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1223 }
1224 
1225 void
1226 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1227 {
1228 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1229 
1230 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1231 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1232 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1233 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1234 }
1235 
1236 void
1237 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1238 {
1239 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1240 
1241 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1242 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1243 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1244 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1245 }
1246 
1247 void
1248 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
1249 {
1250 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1251 
1252 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1253 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1254 }
1255 
1256 void
1257 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
1258 {
1259 	struct timeval diff, finish;
1260 
1261 	monotime_tv(&finish);
1262 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
1263 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
1264 }
1265 
1266 void
1267 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
1268 {
1269 	if (ms < 0)
1270 		ms = 0;
1271 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
1272 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
1273 }
1274 
1275 void
1276 monotime_ts(struct timespec *ts)
1277 {
1278 	struct timeval tv;
1279 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && (defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME) || \
1280     defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_REALTIME))
1281 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
1282 
1283 	if (!gettime_failed) {
1284 # ifdef CLOCK_BOOTTIME
1285 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, ts) == 0)
1286 			return;
1287 # endif /* CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
1288 # ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
1289 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts) == 0)
1290 			return;
1291 # endif /* CLOCK_MONOTONIC */
1292 # ifdef CLOCK_REALTIME
1293 		/* Not monotonic, but we're almost out of options here. */
1294 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, ts) == 0)
1295 			return;
1296 # endif /* CLOCK_REALTIME */
1297 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
1298 		gettime_failed = 1;
1299 	}
1300 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (BOOTTIME || MONOTONIC || REALTIME) */
1301 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1302 	ts->tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1303 	ts->tv_nsec = (long)tv.tv_usec * 1000;
1304 }
1305 
1306 void
1307 monotime_tv(struct timeval *tv)
1308 {
1309 	struct timespec ts;
1310 
1311 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1312 	tv->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1313 	tv->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
1314 }
1315 
1316 time_t
1317 monotime(void)
1318 {
1319 	struct timespec ts;
1320 
1321 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1322 	return ts.tv_sec;
1323 }
1324 
1325 double
1326 monotime_double(void)
1327 {
1328 	struct timespec ts;
1329 
1330 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1331 	return ts.tv_sec + ((double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
1332 }
1333 
1334 void
1335 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1336 {
1337 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1338 	bw->rate = kbps;
1339 	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
1340 	bw->lamt = 0;
1341 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1342 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1343 }
1344 
1345 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1346 void
1347 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1348 {
1349 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1350 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1351 
1352 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1353 		monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1354 		return;
1355 	}
1356 
1357 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1358 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1359 		return;
1360 
1361 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwend);
1362 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1363 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1364 		return;
1365 
1366 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1367 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1368 
1369 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1370 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1371 
1372 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1373 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1374 
1375 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1376 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1377 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1378 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1379 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1380 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1381 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1382 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1383 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1384 		}
1385 
1386 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1387 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1388 			if (errno != EINTR)
1389 				break;
1390 			ts = rm;
1391 		}
1392 	}
1393 
1394 	bw->lamt = 0;
1395 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1396 }
1397 
1398 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1399 void
1400 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1401 {
1402 	const char *tmpdir;
1403 	int r;
1404 
1405 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1406 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1407 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1408 			return;
1409 	}
1410 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1411 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1412 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1413 }
1414 
1415 static const struct {
1416 	const char *name;
1417 	int value;
1418 } ipqos[] = {
1419 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1420 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1421 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1422 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1423 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1424 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1425 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1426 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1427 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1428 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1429 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1430 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1431 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1432 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1433 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1434 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1435 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1436 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1437 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1438 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1439 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1440 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1441 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1442 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1443 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1444 	{ NULL, -1 }
1445 };
1446 
1447 int
1448 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1449 {
1450 	u_int i;
1451 	char *ep;
1452 	long val;
1453 
1454 	if (cp == NULL)
1455 		return -1;
1456 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1457 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1458 			return ipqos[i].value;
1459 	}
1460 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1461 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1462 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1463 		return -1;
1464 	return val;
1465 }
1466 
1467 const char *
1468 iptos2str(int iptos)
1469 {
1470 	int i;
1471 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1472 
1473 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1474 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1475 			return ipqos[i].name;
1476 	}
1477 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1478 	return iptos_str;
1479 }
1480 
1481 void
1482 lowercase(char *s)
1483 {
1484 	for (; *s; s++)
1485 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1486 }
1487 
1488 int
1489 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1490 {
1491 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1492 	int saved_errno, sock;
1493 
1494 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1495 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1496 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path,
1497 	    sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1498 		error("%s: path \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket",
1499 		    __func__, path);
1500 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1501 		return -1;
1502 	}
1503 
1504 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1505 	if (sock < 0) {
1506 		saved_errno = errno;
1507 		error("%s: socket: %.100s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1508 		errno = saved_errno;
1509 		return -1;
1510 	}
1511 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1512 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1513 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1514 	}
1515 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) < 0) {
1516 		saved_errno = errno;
1517 		error("%s: cannot bind to path %s: %s",
1518 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1519 		close(sock);
1520 		errno = saved_errno;
1521 		return -1;
1522 	}
1523 	if (listen(sock, backlog) < 0) {
1524 		saved_errno = errno;
1525 		error("%s: cannot listen on path %s: %s",
1526 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1527 		close(sock);
1528 		unlink(path);
1529 		errno = saved_errno;
1530 		return -1;
1531 	}
1532 	return sock;
1533 }
1534 
1535 void
1536 sock_set_v6only(int s)
1537 {
1538 #if defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
1539 	int on = 1;
1540 
1541 	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1542 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1543 		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1544 #endif
1545 }
1546 
1547 /*
1548  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1549  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1550  */
1551 static int
1552 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1553 {
1554 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1555 		return 0;
1556 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1557 		return 0;
1558 	return 1;
1559 }
1560 
1561 /*
1562  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1563  * zero otherwise.
1564  */
1565 int
1566 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1567 {
1568 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1569 		return 0;
1570 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1571 		return 0;
1572 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1573 		return 0;
1574 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1575 		return 0;
1576 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1577 		return 0;
1578 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1579 		return 0;
1580 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1581 	return 1;
1582 }
1583 
1584 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1585 int
1586 daemonized(void)
1587 {
1588 	int fd;
1589 
1590 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1591 		close(fd);
1592 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1593 	}
1594 	if (getppid() != 1)
1595 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1596 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1597 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1598 	debug3("already daemonized");
1599 	return 1;
1600 }
1601 
1602 
1603 /*
1604  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1605  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1606  * and its members.
1607  */
1608 int
1609 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp)
1610 {
1611 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1612 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1613 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1614 
1615 	*argvp = NULL;
1616 	*argcp = 0;
1617 
1618 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1619 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1620 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1621 			continue;
1622 
1623 		/* Start of a token */
1624 		quote = 0;
1625 		if (s[i] == '\\' &&
1626 		    (s[i + 1] == '\'' || s[i + 1] == '\"' || s[i + 1] == '\\'))
1627 			i++;
1628 		else if (s[i] == '\'' || s[i] == '"')
1629 			quote = s[i++];
1630 
1631 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1632 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1633 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1634 
1635 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1636 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1637 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1638 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1639 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1640 				    s[i + 1] == '\\') {
1641 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1642 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1643 				} else {
1644 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1645 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1646 				}
1647 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1648 				break; /* done */
1649 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1650 				break; /* done */
1651 			else
1652 				arg[j++] = s[i];
1653 		}
1654 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
1655 			if (quote != 0) {
1656 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
1657 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1658 				goto out;
1659 			}
1660 			break;
1661 		}
1662 	}
1663 	/* Success */
1664 	*argcp = argc;
1665 	*argvp = argv;
1666 	argc = 0;
1667 	argv = NULL;
1668 	r = 0;
1669  out:
1670 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
1671 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
1672 			free(argv[i]);
1673 		free(argv);
1674 	}
1675 	return r;
1676 }
1677 
1678 /*
1679  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
1680  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
1681  */
1682 char *
1683 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
1684 {
1685 	int i, j, ws, r;
1686 	char c, *ret;
1687 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
1688 
1689 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1690 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1691 
1692 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1693 		ws = 0;
1694 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
1695 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
1696 			r = 0;
1697 			c = argv[i][j];
1698 			switch (c) {
1699 			case ' ':
1700 			case '\t':
1701 				ws = 1;
1702 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1703 				break;
1704 			case '\\':
1705 			case '\'':
1706 			case '"':
1707 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
1708 					break;
1709 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
1710 			default:
1711 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1712 				break;
1713 			}
1714 			if (r != 0)
1715 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1716 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1717 		}
1718 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
1719 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
1720 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
1721 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
1722 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1723 	}
1724 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
1725 		fatal("%s: malloc failed", __func__);
1726 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
1727 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
1728 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1729 	sshbuf_free(arg);
1730 	return ret;
1731 }
1732 
1733 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
1734 int
1735 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
1736 {
1737 	int status;
1738 
1739 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1740 		if (errno != EINTR) {
1741 			error("%s: waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1742 			return -1;
1743 		}
1744 	}
1745 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1746 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
1747 		return -1;
1748 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
1749 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
1750 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
1751 		return -1;
1752 	}
1753 	return 0;
1754 }
1755 
1756 /*
1757  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
1758  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
1759  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
1760  *
1761  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
1762  *
1763  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
1764  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
1765  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
1766  *
1767  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1768  */
1769 int
1770 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
1771     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
1772 {
1773 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
1774 	char *cp;
1775 	int comparehome = 0;
1776 	struct stat st;
1777 
1778 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
1779 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
1780 		    strerror(errno));
1781 		return -1;
1782 	}
1783 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
1784 		comparehome = 1;
1785 
1786 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
1787 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
1788 		return -1;
1789 	}
1790 	if ((!platform_sys_dir_uid(stp->st_uid) && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
1791 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1792 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
1793 		    buf);
1794 		return -1;
1795 	}
1796 
1797 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
1798 	for (;;) {
1799 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
1800 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
1801 			return -1;
1802 		}
1803 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
1804 
1805 		if (stat(buf, &st) < 0 ||
1806 		    (!platform_sys_dir_uid(st.st_uid) && st.st_uid != uid) ||
1807 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1808 			snprintf(err, errlen,
1809 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
1810 			return -1;
1811 		}
1812 
1813 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
1814 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
1815 			break;
1816 
1817 		/*
1818 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
1819 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
1820 		 */
1821 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
1822 			break;
1823 	}
1824 	return 0;
1825 }
1826 
1827 /*
1828  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
1829  * avoid races.
1830  *
1831  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1832  */
1833 int
1834 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
1835     char *err, size_t errlen)
1836 {
1837 	struct stat st;
1838 
1839 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
1840 	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1841 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
1842 		    file, strerror(errno));
1843 		return -1;
1844 	}
1845 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
1846 }
1847 
1848 /*
1849  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
1850  * already exists, its value is overridden.
1851  */
1852 void
1853 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
1854 	const char *value)
1855 {
1856 	char **env;
1857 	u_int envsize;
1858 	u_int i, namelen;
1859 
1860 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
1861 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
1862 		return;
1863 	}
1864 
1865 	/*
1866 	 * If we're passed an uninitialized list, allocate a single null
1867 	 * entry before continuing.
1868 	 */
1869 	if (*envp == NULL && *envsizep == 0) {
1870 		*envp = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
1871 		*envp[0] = NULL;
1872 		*envsizep = 1;
1873 	}
1874 
1875 	/*
1876 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
1877 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
1878 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
1879 	 */
1880 	env = *envp;
1881 	namelen = strlen(name);
1882 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1883 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
1884 			break;
1885 	if (env[i]) {
1886 		/* Reuse the slot. */
1887 		free(env[i]);
1888 	} else {
1889 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
1890 		envsize = *envsizep;
1891 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
1892 			if (envsize >= 1000)
1893 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
1894 			envsize += 50;
1895 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
1896 			*envsizep = envsize;
1897 		}
1898 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
1899 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
1900 	}
1901 
1902 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
1903 	/* XXX xasprintf */
1904 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
1905 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
1906 }
1907 
1908 /*
1909  * Check and optionally lowercase a domain name, also removes trailing '.'
1910  * Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure, storing an error message in errstr.
1911  */
1912 int
1913 valid_domain(char *name, int makelower, const char **errstr)
1914 {
1915 	size_t i, l = strlen(name);
1916 	u_char c, last = '\0';
1917 	static char errbuf[256];
1918 
1919 	if (l == 0) {
1920 		strlcpy(errbuf, "empty domain name", sizeof(errbuf));
1921 		goto bad;
1922 	}
1923 	if (!isalpha((u_char)name[0]) && !isdigit((u_char)name[0])) {
1924 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name \"%.100s\" "
1925 		    "starts with invalid character", name);
1926 		goto bad;
1927 	}
1928 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1929 		c = tolower((u_char)name[i]);
1930 		if (makelower)
1931 			name[i] = (char)c;
1932 		if (last == '.' && c == '.') {
1933 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1934 			    "\"%.100s\" contains consecutive separators", name);
1935 			goto bad;
1936 		}
1937 		if (c != '.' && c != '-' && !isalnum(c) &&
1938 		    c != '_') /* technically invalid, but common */ {
1939 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1940 			    "\"%.100s\" contains invalid characters", name);
1941 			goto bad;
1942 		}
1943 		last = c;
1944 	}
1945 	if (name[l - 1] == '.')
1946 		name[l - 1] = '\0';
1947 	if (errstr != NULL)
1948 		*errstr = NULL;
1949 	return 1;
1950 bad:
1951 	if (errstr != NULL)
1952 		*errstr = errbuf;
1953 	return 0;
1954 }
1955 
1956 /*
1957  * Verify that a environment variable name (not including initial '$') is
1958  * valid; consisting of one or more alphanumeric or underscore characters only.
1959  * Returns 1 on valid, 0 otherwise.
1960  */
1961 int
1962 valid_env_name(const char *name)
1963 {
1964 	const char *cp;
1965 
1966 	if (name[0] == '\0')
1967 		return 0;
1968 	for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1969 		if (!isalnum((u_char)*cp) && *cp != '_')
1970 			return 0;
1971 	}
1972 	return 1;
1973 }
1974 
1975 const char *
1976 atoi_err(const char *nptr, int *val)
1977 {
1978 	const char *errstr = NULL;
1979 	long long num;
1980 
1981 	if (nptr == NULL || *nptr == '\0')
1982 		return "missing";
1983 	num = strtonum(nptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
1984 	if (errstr == NULL)
1985 		*val = (int)num;
1986 	return errstr;
1987 }
1988 
1989 int
1990 parse_absolute_time(const char *s, uint64_t *tp)
1991 {
1992 	struct tm tm;
1993 	time_t tt;
1994 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1995 
1996 	*tp = 0;
1997 
1998 	/*
1999 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
2000 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
2001 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
2002 	 */
2003 	switch (strlen(s)) {
2004 	case 8: /* YYYYMMDD */
2005 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
2006 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
2007 		break;
2008 	case 12: /* YYYYMMDDHHMM */
2009 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M";
2010 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s",
2011 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10);
2012 		break;
2013 	case 14: /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS */
2014 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
2015 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
2016 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
2017 		break;
2018 	default:
2019 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2020 	}
2021 
2022 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
2023 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
2024 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2025 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
2026 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2027 	/* success */
2028 	*tp = (uint64_t)tt;
2029 	return 0;
2030 }
2031 
2032 void
2033 format_absolute_time(uint64_t t, char *buf, size_t len)
2034 {
2035 	time_t tt = t > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : t; /* XXX revisit in 2038 :P */
2036 	struct tm tm;
2037 
2038 	localtime_r(&tt, &tm);
2039 	strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &tm);
2040 }
2041