xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/misc.c (revision 3416500aef140042c64bc149cb1ec6620483bc44)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.107 2016/11/30 00:28:31 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include "includes.h"
28 
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
32 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
33 #include <sys/time.h>
34 #include <sys/un.h>
35 
36 #include <limits.h>
37 #include <stdarg.h>
38 #include <stdio.h>
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <time.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 
44 #include <netinet/in.h>
45 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
46 #include <netinet/ip.h>
47 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
48 
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <errno.h>
51 #include <fcntl.h>
52 #include <netdb.h>
53 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
54 # include <paths.h>
55 #include <pwd.h>
56 #endif
57 #ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
58 #include <net/if.h>
59 #endif
60 
61 #include "xmalloc.h"
62 #include "misc.h"
63 #include "log.h"
64 #include "ssh.h"
65 
66 /* remove newline at end of string */
67 char *
68 chop(char *s)
69 {
70 	char *t = s;
71 	while (*t) {
72 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
73 			*t = '\0';
74 			return s;
75 		}
76 		t++;
77 	}
78 	return s;
79 
80 }
81 
82 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
83 int
84 set_nonblock(int fd)
85 {
86 	int val;
87 
88 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
89 	if (val < 0) {
90 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
91 		return (-1);
92 	}
93 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
94 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
95 		return (0);
96 	}
97 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
98 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
99 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
100 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
101 		    strerror(errno));
102 		return (-1);
103 	}
104 	return (0);
105 }
106 
107 int
108 unset_nonblock(int fd)
109 {
110 	int val;
111 
112 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
113 	if (val < 0) {
114 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
115 		return (-1);
116 	}
117 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
118 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
119 		return (0);
120 	}
121 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
122 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
123 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
124 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
125 		    fd, strerror(errno));
126 		return (-1);
127 	}
128 	return (0);
129 }
130 
131 const char *
132 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
133 {
134 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
135 		return strerror(errno);
136 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
137 }
138 
139 /* disable nagle on socket */
140 void
141 set_nodelay(int fd)
142 {
143 	int opt;
144 	socklen_t optlen;
145 
146 	optlen = sizeof opt;
147 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
148 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
149 		return;
150 	}
151 	if (opt == 1) {
152 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
153 		return;
154 	}
155 	opt = 1;
156 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
157 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
158 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
159 }
160 
161 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
162 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
163 #define QUOTE	"\""
164 
165 /* return next token in configuration line */
166 char *
167 strdelim(char **s)
168 {
169 	char *old;
170 	int wspace = 0;
171 
172 	if (*s == NULL)
173 		return NULL;
174 
175 	old = *s;
176 
177 	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
178 	if (*s == NULL)
179 		return (old);
180 
181 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
182 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
183 		/* Find matching quote */
184 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
185 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
186 		} else {
187 			*s[0] = '\0';
188 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
189 			return (old);
190 		}
191 	}
192 
193 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
194 	if (*s[0] == '=')
195 		wspace = 1;
196 	*s[0] = '\0';
197 
198 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
199 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
200 	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
201 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
202 
203 	return (old);
204 }
205 
206 struct passwd *
207 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
208 {
209 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
210 
211 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
212 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
213 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
214 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
215 #endif
216 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
217 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
218 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_EXPIRE
219 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
220 #endif
221 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CHANGE
222 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
223 #endif
224 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
225 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
226 #endif
227 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
228 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
229 	return copy;
230 }
231 
232 /*
233  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
234  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
235  * Return -1 if invalid.
236  */
237 int
238 a2port(const char *s)
239 {
240 	long long port;
241 	const char *errstr;
242 
243 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
244 	if (errstr != NULL)
245 		return -1;
246 	return (int)port;
247 }
248 
249 int
250 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
251 {
252 	const char *errstr = NULL;
253 	char *sp, *ep;
254 	int tun;
255 
256 	if (remote != NULL) {
257 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
258 		sp = xstrdup(s);
259 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
260 			free(sp);
261 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
262 		}
263 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
264 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
265 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
266 		free(sp);
267 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
268 	}
269 
270 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
271 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
272 
273 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
274 	if (errstr != NULL)
275 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
276 
277 	return (tun);
278 }
279 
280 #define SECONDS		1
281 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
282 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
283 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
284 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
285 
286 /*
287  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
288  * a sequence of:
289  *      time[qualifier]
290  *
291  * Valid time qualifiers are:
292  *      <none>  seconds
293  *      s|S     seconds
294  *      m|M     minutes
295  *      h|H     hours
296  *      d|D     days
297  *      w|W     weeks
298  *
299  * Examples:
300  *      90m     90 minutes
301  *      1h30m   90 minutes
302  *      2d      2 days
303  *      1w      1 week
304  *
305  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
306  */
307 long
308 convtime(const char *s)
309 {
310 	long total, secs;
311 	const char *p;
312 	char *endp;
313 
314 	errno = 0;
315 	total = 0;
316 	p = s;
317 
318 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
319 		return -1;
320 
321 	while (*p) {
322 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
323 		if (p == endp ||
324 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
325 		    secs < 0)
326 			return -1;
327 
328 		switch (*endp++) {
329 		case '\0':
330 			endp--;
331 			break;
332 		case 's':
333 		case 'S':
334 			break;
335 		case 'm':
336 		case 'M':
337 			secs *= MINUTES;
338 			break;
339 		case 'h':
340 		case 'H':
341 			secs *= HOURS;
342 			break;
343 		case 'd':
344 		case 'D':
345 			secs *= DAYS;
346 			break;
347 		case 'w':
348 		case 'W':
349 			secs *= WEEKS;
350 			break;
351 		default:
352 			return -1;
353 		}
354 		total += secs;
355 		if (total < 0)
356 			return -1;
357 		p = endp;
358 	}
359 
360 	return total;
361 }
362 
363 /*
364  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
365  * Caller must free returned string.
366  */
367 char *
368 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
369 {
370 	char *hoststr;
371 
372 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
373 		return(xstrdup(host));
374 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
375 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
376 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
377 	return hoststr;
378 }
379 
380 /*
381  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
382  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
383  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
384  * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
385  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
386  */
387 char *
388 hpdelim(char **cp)
389 {
390 	char *s, *old;
391 
392 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
393 		return NULL;
394 
395 	old = s = *cp;
396 	if (*s == '[') {
397 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
398 			return NULL;
399 		else
400 			s++;
401 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
402 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
403 
404 	switch (*s) {
405 	case '\0':
406 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
407 		break;
408 
409 	case ':':
410 	case '/':
411 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
412 		*cp = s + 1;
413 		break;
414 
415 	default:
416 		return NULL;
417 	}
418 
419 	return old;
420 }
421 
422 char *
423 cleanhostname(char *host)
424 {
425 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
426 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
427 		return (host + 1);
428 	} else
429 		return host;
430 }
431 
432 char *
433 colon(char *cp)
434 {
435 	int flag = 0;
436 
437 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
438 		return NULL;
439 	if (*cp == '[')
440 		flag = 1;
441 
442 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
443 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
444 			flag = 1;
445 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
446 			return (cp+1);
447 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
448 			return (cp);
449 		if (*cp == '/')
450 			return NULL;
451 	}
452 	return NULL;
453 }
454 
455 /*
456  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
457  * Caller must free returned user and host.
458  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
459  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
460  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
461  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
462  */
463 int
464 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
465 {
466 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
467 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
468 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
469 
470 	if (userp != NULL)
471 		*userp = NULL;
472 	if (hostp != NULL)
473 		*hostp = NULL;
474 	if (portp != NULL)
475 		*portp = -1;
476 
477 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
478 		return -1;
479 	/* Extract optional username */
480 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
481 		*cp = '\0';
482 		if (*tmp == '\0')
483 			goto out;
484 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
485 			goto out;
486 		tmp = cp + 1;
487 	}
488 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
489 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
490 		goto out;
491 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
492 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
493 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
494 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
495 			goto out;
496 	}
497 	/* Success */
498 	if (userp != NULL) {
499 		*userp = user;
500 		user = NULL;
501 	}
502 	if (hostp != NULL) {
503 		*hostp = host;
504 		host = NULL;
505 	}
506 	if (portp != NULL)
507 		*portp = port;
508 	ret = 0;
509  out:
510 	free(sdup);
511 	free(user);
512 	free(host);
513 	return ret;
514 }
515 
516 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
517 void
518 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
519 {
520 	va_list ap;
521 	char *cp;
522 	u_int nalloc;
523 	int r;
524 
525 	va_start(ap, fmt);
526 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
527 	va_end(ap);
528 	if (r == -1)
529 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
530 
531 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
532 	if (args->list == NULL) {
533 		nalloc = 32;
534 		args->num = 0;
535 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
536 		nalloc *= 2;
537 
538 	args->list = xreallocarray(args->list, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
539 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
540 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
541 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
542 }
543 
544 void
545 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
546 {
547 	va_list ap;
548 	char *cp;
549 	int r;
550 
551 	va_start(ap, fmt);
552 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
553 	va_end(ap);
554 	if (r == -1)
555 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
556 
557 	if (which >= args->num)
558 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
559 		    which, args->num);
560 	free(args->list[which]);
561 	args->list[which] = cp;
562 }
563 
564 void
565 freeargs(arglist *args)
566 {
567 	u_int i;
568 
569 	if (args->list != NULL) {
570 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
571 			free(args->list[i]);
572 		free(args->list);
573 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
574 		args->list = NULL;
575 	}
576 }
577 
578 /*
579  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
580  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
581  */
582 char *
583 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
584 {
585 	const char *path, *sep;
586 	char user[128], *ret;
587 	struct passwd *pw;
588 	u_int len, slash;
589 
590 	if (*filename != '~')
591 		return (xstrdup(filename));
592 	filename++;
593 
594 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
595 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
596 		slash = path - filename;
597 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
598 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
599 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
600 		user[slash] = '\0';
601 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
602 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
603 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
604 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
605 
606 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
607 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
608 	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
609 		sep = "/";
610 	else
611 		sep = "";
612 
613 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
614 	if (path != NULL)
615 		filename = path + 1;
616 
617 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
618 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
619 
620 	return (ret);
621 }
622 
623 /*
624  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
625  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
626  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
627  * allocated by xmalloc.
628  */
629 char *
630 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
631 {
632 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
633 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
634 	struct {
635 		const char *key;
636 		const char *repl;
637 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
638 	char buf[4096];
639 	va_list ap;
640 
641 	/* Gather keys */
642 	va_start(ap, string);
643 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
644 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
645 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
646 			break;
647 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
648 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
649 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
650 	}
651 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
652 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
653 	va_end(ap);
654 
655 	/* Expand string */
656 	*buf = '\0';
657 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
658 		if (*string != '%') {
659  append:
660 			buf[i++] = *string;
661 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
662 				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
663 			buf[i] = '\0';
664 			continue;
665 		}
666 		string++;
667 		/* %% case */
668 		if (*string == '%')
669 			goto append;
670 		if (*string == '\0')
671 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
672 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
673 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
674 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
675 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
676 					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
677 				break;
678 			}
679 		}
680 		if (j >= num_keys)
681 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
682 	}
683 	return (xstrdup(buf));
684 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
685 }
686 
687 /*
688  * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
689  * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
690  */
691 int
692 read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
693    u_long *lineno)
694 {
695 	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
696 		if (buf[0] == '\0')
697 			continue;
698 		(*lineno)++;
699 		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
700 			return 0;
701 		} else {
702 			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
703 			    filename, *lineno);
704 			/* discard remainder of line */
705 			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
706 				;	/* nothing */
707 		}
708 	}
709 	return -1;
710 }
711 
712 int
713 tun_open(int tun, int mode)
714 {
715 #if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
716 	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode));
717 #elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
718 	struct ifreq ifr;
719 	char name[100];
720 	int fd = -1, sock;
721 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
722 
723 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
724 		tunbase = "tap";
725 
726 	/* Open the tunnel device */
727 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
728 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
729 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
730 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
731 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
732 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
733 			    tunbase, tun);
734 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
735 				break;
736 		}
737 	} else {
738 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
739 		return -1;
740 	}
741 
742 	if (fd < 0) {
743 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
744 		return -1;
745 	}
746 
747 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
748 
749 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
750 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
751 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
752 		goto failed;
753 
754 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
755 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
756 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
757 		goto failed;
758 	}
759 
760 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
761 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
762 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
763 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
764 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
765 			goto failed;
766 		}
767 	}
768 
769 	close(sock);
770 	return fd;
771 
772  failed:
773 	if (fd >= 0)
774 		close(fd);
775 	if (sock >= 0)
776 		close(sock);
777 	return -1;
778 #else
779 	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
780 	return (-1);
781 #endif
782 }
783 
784 void
785 sanitise_stdfd(void)
786 {
787 	int nullfd, dupfd;
788 
789 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
790 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
791 		    strerror(errno));
792 		exit(1);
793 	}
794 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
795 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
796 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
797 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
798 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
799 				exit(1);
800 			}
801 		}
802 	}
803 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
804 		close(nullfd);
805 }
806 
807 char *
808 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
809 {
810 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
811 	char b[3], *r;
812 	size_t i, hl;
813 
814 	if (l > 65536)
815 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
816 
817 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
818 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
819 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
820 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
821 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
822 	}
823 	return (r);
824 }
825 
826 u_int64_t
827 get_u64(const void *vp)
828 {
829 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
830 	u_int64_t v;
831 
832 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
833 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
834 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
835 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
836 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
837 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
838 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
839 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
840 
841 	return (v);
842 }
843 
844 u_int32_t
845 get_u32(const void *vp)
846 {
847 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
848 	u_int32_t v;
849 
850 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
851 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
852 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
853 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
854 
855 	return (v);
856 }
857 
858 u_int32_t
859 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
860 {
861 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
862 	u_int32_t v;
863 
864 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
865 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
866 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
867 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
868 
869 	return (v);
870 }
871 
872 u_int16_t
873 get_u16(const void *vp)
874 {
875 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
876 	u_int16_t v;
877 
878 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
879 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
880 
881 	return (v);
882 }
883 
884 void
885 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
886 {
887 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
888 
889 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
890 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
891 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
892 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
893 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
894 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
895 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
896 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
897 }
898 
899 void
900 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
901 {
902 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
903 
904 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
905 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
906 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
907 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
908 }
909 
910 void
911 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
912 {
913 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
914 
915 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
916 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
917 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
918 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
919 }
920 
921 void
922 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
923 {
924 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
925 
926 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
927 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
928 }
929 
930 void
931 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
932 {
933 	struct timeval diff, finish;
934 
935 	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
936 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
937 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
938 }
939 
940 void
941 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
942 {
943 	if (ms < 0)
944 		ms = 0;
945 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
946 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
947 }
948 
949 time_t
950 monotime(void)
951 {
952 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && \
953     (defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME))
954 	struct timespec ts;
955 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
956 
957 	if (!gettime_failed) {
958 #if defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME)
959 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) == 0)
960 			return (ts.tv_sec);
961 #endif
962 #if defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
963 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == 0)
964 			return (ts.tv_sec);
965 #endif
966 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
967 		gettime_failed = 1;
968 	}
969 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (CLOCK_MONOTONIC || CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
970 
971 	return time(NULL);
972 }
973 
974 double
975 monotime_double(void)
976 {
977 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && \
978     (defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) || defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME))
979 	struct timespec ts;
980 	static int gettime_failed = 0;
981 
982 	if (!gettime_failed) {
983 #if defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME)
984 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts) == 0)
985 			return (ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
986 #endif
987 #if defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
988 		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == 0)
989 			return (ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
990 #endif
991 		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
992 		gettime_failed = 1;
993 	}
994 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && (CLOCK_MONOTONIC || CLOCK_BOOTTIME */
995 
996 	return (double)time(NULL);
997 }
998 
999 void
1000 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1001 {
1002 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1003 	bw->rate = kbps;
1004 	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
1005 	bw->lamt = 0;
1006 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1007 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1008 }
1009 
1010 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1011 void
1012 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1013 {
1014 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1015 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1016 
1017 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1018 		gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1019 		return;
1020 	}
1021 
1022 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1023 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1024 		return;
1025 
1026 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwend, NULL);
1027 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1028 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1029 		return;
1030 
1031 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1032 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1033 
1034 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1035 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1036 
1037 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1038 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1039 
1040 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1041 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1042 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1043 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1044 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1045 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1046 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1047 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1048 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1049 		}
1050 
1051 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1052 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1053 			if (errno != EINTR)
1054 				break;
1055 			ts = rm;
1056 		}
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	bw->lamt = 0;
1060 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1061 }
1062 
1063 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1064 void
1065 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1066 {
1067 	const char *tmpdir;
1068 	int r;
1069 
1070 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1071 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1072 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1073 			return;
1074 	}
1075 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1076 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1077 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1078 }
1079 
1080 static const struct {
1081 	const char *name;
1082 	int value;
1083 } ipqos[] = {
1084 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1085 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1086 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1087 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1088 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1089 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1090 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1091 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1092 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1093 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1094 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1095 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1096 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1097 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1098 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1099 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1100 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1101 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1102 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1103 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1104 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1105 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1106 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1107 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1108 	{ NULL, -1 }
1109 };
1110 
1111 int
1112 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1113 {
1114 	u_int i;
1115 	char *ep;
1116 	long val;
1117 
1118 	if (cp == NULL)
1119 		return -1;
1120 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1121 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1122 			return ipqos[i].value;
1123 	}
1124 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1125 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1126 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1127 		return -1;
1128 	return val;
1129 }
1130 
1131 const char *
1132 iptos2str(int iptos)
1133 {
1134 	int i;
1135 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1136 
1137 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1138 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1139 			return ipqos[i].name;
1140 	}
1141 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1142 	return iptos_str;
1143 }
1144 
1145 void
1146 lowercase(char *s)
1147 {
1148 	for (; *s; s++)
1149 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1150 }
1151 
1152 int
1153 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1154 {
1155 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1156 	int saved_errno, sock;
1157 
1158 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1159 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1160 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path, sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1161 		error("%s: \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket", __func__,
1162 		    path);
1163 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1164 		return -1;
1165 	}
1166 
1167 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1168 	if (sock < 0) {
1169 		saved_errno = errno;
1170 		error("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1171 		errno = saved_errno;
1172 		return -1;
1173 	}
1174 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1175 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1176 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1177 	}
1178 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) < 0) {
1179 		saved_errno = errno;
1180 		error("bind: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1181 		close(sock);
1182 		error("%s: cannot bind to path: %s", __func__, path);
1183 		errno = saved_errno;
1184 		return -1;
1185 	}
1186 	if (listen(sock, backlog) < 0) {
1187 		saved_errno = errno;
1188 		error("listen: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1189 		close(sock);
1190 		unlink(path);
1191 		error("%s: cannot listen on path: %s", __func__, path);
1192 		errno = saved_errno;
1193 		return -1;
1194 	}
1195 	return sock;
1196 }
1197 
1198 void
1199 sock_set_v6only(int s)
1200 {
1201 #if defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
1202 	int on = 1;
1203 
1204 	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1205 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1206 		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1207 #endif
1208 }
1209 
1210 /*
1211  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1212  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1213  */
1214 static int
1215 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1216 {
1217 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1218 		return 0;
1219 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1220 		return 0;
1221 	return 1;
1222 }
1223 
1224 /*
1225  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1226  * zero otherwise.
1227  */
1228 int
1229 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1230 {
1231 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1232 		return 0;
1233 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1234 		return 0;
1235 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1236 		return 0;
1237 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1238 		return 0;
1239 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1240 		return 0;
1241 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1242 		return 0;
1243 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1244 	return 1;
1245 }
1246 
1247 static int
1248 ipport_reserved(void)
1249 {
1250 #if __FreeBSD__
1251 	int old, ret;
1252 	size_t len = sizeof(old);
1253 
1254 	ret = sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh",
1255 	    &old, &len, NULL, 0);
1256 	if (ret == 0)
1257 		return (old + 1);
1258 #endif
1259 	return (IPPORT_RESERVED);
1260 }
1261 
1262 /* returns 1 if bind to specified port by specified user is permitted */
1263 int
1264 bind_permitted(int port, uid_t uid)
1265 {
1266 
1267 	if (port < ipport_reserved() && uid != 0)
1268 		return 0;
1269 	return 1;
1270 }
1271 
1272 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1273 int
1274 daemonized(void)
1275 {
1276 	int fd;
1277 
1278 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1279 		close(fd);
1280 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1281 	}
1282 	if (getppid() != 1)
1283 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1284 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1285 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1286 	debug3("already daemonized");
1287 	return 1;
1288 }
1289