xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/auth2.c (revision 4d846d260e2b9a3d4d0a701462568268cbfe7a5b)
1 /* $OpenBSD: auth2.c,v 1.166 2023/03/08 04:43:12 guenther Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 #include "includes.h"
27 
28 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include <sys/stat.h>
30 #include <sys/uio.h>
31 
32 #include <fcntl.h>
33 #include <limits.h>
34 #include <pwd.h>
35 #include <stdarg.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <unistd.h>
38 #include <time.h>
39 
40 #include "stdlib.h"
41 #include "atomicio.h"
42 #include "xmalloc.h"
43 #include "ssh2.h"
44 #include "packet.h"
45 #include "log.h"
46 #include "sshbuf.h"
47 #include "misc.h"
48 #include "servconf.h"
49 #include "sshkey.h"
50 #include "hostfile.h"
51 #include "auth.h"
52 #include "dispatch.h"
53 #include "pathnames.h"
54 #include "ssherr.h"
55 #include "blacklist_client.h"
56 #ifdef GSSAPI
57 #include "ssh-gss.h"
58 #endif
59 #include "monitor_wrap.h"
60 #include "digest.h"
61 
62 /* import */
63 extern ServerOptions options;
64 extern struct sshbuf *loginmsg;
65 
66 /* methods */
67 
68 extern Authmethod method_none;
69 extern Authmethod method_pubkey;
70 extern Authmethod method_passwd;
71 extern Authmethod method_kbdint;
72 extern Authmethod method_hostbased;
73 #ifdef GSSAPI
74 extern Authmethod method_gssapi;
75 #endif
76 
77 Authmethod *authmethods[] = {
78 	&method_none,
79 	&method_pubkey,
80 #ifdef GSSAPI
81 	&method_gssapi,
82 #endif
83 	&method_passwd,
84 	&method_kbdint,
85 	&method_hostbased,
86 	NULL
87 };
88 
89 /* protocol */
90 
91 static int input_service_request(int, u_int32_t, struct ssh *);
92 static int input_userauth_request(int, u_int32_t, struct ssh *);
93 
94 /* helper */
95 static Authmethod *authmethod_byname(const char *);
96 static Authmethod *authmethod_lookup(Authctxt *, const char *);
97 static char *authmethods_get(Authctxt *authctxt);
98 
99 #define MATCH_NONE	0	/* method or submethod mismatch */
100 #define MATCH_METHOD	1	/* method matches (no submethod specified) */
101 #define MATCH_BOTH	2	/* method and submethod match */
102 #define MATCH_PARTIAL	3	/* method matches, submethod can't be checked */
103 static int list_starts_with(const char *, const char *, const char *);
104 
105 char *
106 auth2_read_banner(void)
107 {
108 	struct stat st;
109 	char *banner = NULL;
110 	size_t len, n;
111 	int fd;
112 
113 	if ((fd = open(options.banner, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
114 		return (NULL);
115 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
116 		close(fd);
117 		return (NULL);
118 	}
119 	if (st.st_size <= 0 || st.st_size > 1*1024*1024) {
120 		close(fd);
121 		return (NULL);
122 	}
123 
124 	len = (size_t)st.st_size;		/* truncate */
125 	banner = xmalloc(len + 1);
126 	n = atomicio(read, fd, banner, len);
127 	close(fd);
128 
129 	if (n != len) {
130 		free(banner);
131 		return (NULL);
132 	}
133 	banner[n] = '\0';
134 
135 	return (banner);
136 }
137 
138 static void
139 userauth_send_banner(struct ssh *ssh, const char *msg)
140 {
141 	int r;
142 
143 	if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER)) != 0 ||
144 	    (r = sshpkt_put_cstring(ssh, msg)) != 0 ||
145 	    (r = sshpkt_put_cstring(ssh, "")) != 0 ||	/* language, unused */
146 	    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0)
147 		fatal_fr(r, "send packet");
148 	debug("%s: sent", __func__);
149 }
150 
151 static void
152 userauth_banner(struct ssh *ssh)
153 {
154 	char *banner = NULL;
155 
156 	if (options.banner == NULL)
157 		return;
158 
159 	if ((banner = PRIVSEP(auth2_read_banner())) == NULL)
160 		goto done;
161 	userauth_send_banner(ssh, banner);
162 
163 done:
164 	free(banner);
165 }
166 
167 /*
168  * loop until authctxt->success == TRUE
169  */
170 void
171 do_authentication2(struct ssh *ssh)
172 {
173 	Authctxt *authctxt = ssh->authctxt;
174 
175 	ssh_dispatch_init(ssh, &dispatch_protocol_error);
176 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST, &input_service_request);
177 	ssh_dispatch_run_fatal(ssh, DISPATCH_BLOCK, &authctxt->success);
178 	ssh->authctxt = NULL;
179 }
180 
181 static int
182 input_service_request(int type, u_int32_t seq, struct ssh *ssh)
183 {
184 	Authctxt *authctxt = ssh->authctxt;
185 	char *service = NULL;
186 	int r, acceptit = 0;
187 
188 	if ((r = sshpkt_get_cstring(ssh, &service, NULL)) != 0 ||
189 	    (r = sshpkt_get_end(ssh)) != 0)
190 		goto out;
191 
192 	if (authctxt == NULL)
193 		fatal("input_service_request: no authctxt");
194 
195 	if (strcmp(service, "ssh-userauth") == 0) {
196 		if (!authctxt->success) {
197 			acceptit = 1;
198 			/* now we can handle user-auth requests */
199 			ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
200 			    &input_userauth_request);
201 		}
202 	}
203 	/* XXX all other service requests are denied */
204 
205 	if (acceptit) {
206 		if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT)) != 0 ||
207 		    (r = sshpkt_put_cstring(ssh, service)) != 0 ||
208 		    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0 ||
209 		    (r = ssh_packet_write_wait(ssh)) != 0)
210 			goto out;
211 	} else {
212 		debug("bad service request %s", service);
213 		ssh_packet_disconnect(ssh, "bad service request %s", service);
214 	}
215 	r = 0;
216  out:
217 	free(service);
218 	return r;
219 }
220 
221 #define MIN_FAIL_DELAY_SECONDS 0.005
222 static double
223 user_specific_delay(const char *user)
224 {
225 	char b[512];
226 	size_t len = ssh_digest_bytes(SSH_DIGEST_SHA512);
227 	u_char *hash = xmalloc(len);
228 	double delay;
229 
230 	(void)snprintf(b, sizeof b, "%llu%s",
231 	    (unsigned long long)options.timing_secret, user);
232 	if (ssh_digest_memory(SSH_DIGEST_SHA512, b, strlen(b), hash, len) != 0)
233 		fatal_f("ssh_digest_memory");
234 	/* 0-4.2 ms of delay */
235 	delay = (double)PEEK_U32(hash) / 1000 / 1000 / 1000 / 1000;
236 	freezero(hash, len);
237 	debug3_f("user specific delay %0.3lfms", delay/1000);
238 	return MIN_FAIL_DELAY_SECONDS + delay;
239 }
240 
241 static void
242 ensure_minimum_time_since(double start, double seconds)
243 {
244 	struct timespec ts;
245 	double elapsed = monotime_double() - start, req = seconds, remain;
246 
247 	/* if we've already passed the requested time, scale up */
248 	while ((remain = seconds - elapsed) < 0.0)
249 		seconds *= 2;
250 
251 	ts.tv_sec = remain;
252 	ts.tv_nsec = (remain - ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000;
253 	debug3_f("elapsed %0.3lfms, delaying %0.3lfms (requested %0.3lfms)",
254 	    elapsed*1000, remain*1000, req*1000);
255 	nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
256 }
257 
258 static int
259 input_userauth_request(int type, u_int32_t seq, struct ssh *ssh)
260 {
261 	Authctxt *authctxt = ssh->authctxt;
262 	Authmethod *m = NULL;
263 	char *user = NULL, *service = NULL, *method = NULL, *style = NULL;
264 	int r, authenticated = 0;
265 	double tstart = monotime_double();
266 
267 	if (authctxt == NULL)
268 		fatal("input_userauth_request: no authctxt");
269 
270 	if ((r = sshpkt_get_cstring(ssh, &user, NULL)) != 0 ||
271 	    (r = sshpkt_get_cstring(ssh, &service, NULL)) != 0 ||
272 	    (r = sshpkt_get_cstring(ssh, &method, NULL)) != 0)
273 		goto out;
274 	debug("userauth-request for user %s service %s method %s", user, service, method);
275 	debug("attempt %d failures %d", authctxt->attempt, authctxt->failures);
276 
277 	if ((style = strchr(user, ':')) != NULL)
278 		*style++ = 0;
279 
280 	if (authctxt->attempt >= 1024)
281 		auth_maxtries_exceeded(ssh);
282 	if (authctxt->attempt++ == 0) {
283 		/* setup auth context */
284 		authctxt->pw = PRIVSEP(getpwnamallow(ssh, user));
285 		authctxt->user = xstrdup(user);
286 		if (authctxt->pw && strcmp(service, "ssh-connection")==0) {
287 			authctxt->valid = 1;
288 			debug2_f("setting up authctxt for %s", user);
289 		} else {
290 			authctxt->valid = 0;
291 			/* Invalid user, fake password information */
292 			authctxt->pw = fakepw();
293 #ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
294 			PRIVSEP(audit_event(ssh, SSH_INVALID_USER));
295 #endif
296 		}
297 #ifdef USE_PAM
298 		if (options.use_pam)
299 			PRIVSEP(start_pam(ssh));
300 #endif
301 		ssh_packet_set_log_preamble(ssh, "%suser %s",
302 		    authctxt->valid ? "authenticating " : "invalid ", user);
303 		setproctitle("%s%s", authctxt->valid ? user : "unknown",
304 		    use_privsep ? " [net]" : "");
305 		authctxt->service = xstrdup(service);
306 		authctxt->style = style ? xstrdup(style) : NULL;
307 		if (use_privsep)
308 			mm_inform_authserv(service, style);
309 		userauth_banner(ssh);
310 		if (auth2_setup_methods_lists(authctxt) != 0)
311 			ssh_packet_disconnect(ssh,
312 			    "no authentication methods enabled");
313 	} else if (strcmp(user, authctxt->user) != 0 ||
314 	    strcmp(service, authctxt->service) != 0) {
315 		ssh_packet_disconnect(ssh, "Change of username or service "
316 		    "not allowed: (%s,%s) -> (%s,%s)",
317 		    authctxt->user, authctxt->service, user, service);
318 	}
319 	/* reset state */
320 	auth2_challenge_stop(ssh);
321 
322 #ifdef GSSAPI
323 	/* XXX move to auth2_gssapi_stop() */
324 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_TOKEN, NULL);
325 	ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_EXCHANGE_COMPLETE, NULL);
326 #endif
327 
328 	auth2_authctxt_reset_info(authctxt);
329 	authctxt->postponed = 0;
330 	authctxt->server_caused_failure = 0;
331 
332 	/* try to authenticate user */
333 	m = authmethod_lookup(authctxt, method);
334 	if (m != NULL && authctxt->failures < options.max_authtries) {
335 		debug2("input_userauth_request: try method %s", method);
336 		authenticated =	m->userauth(ssh, method);
337 	}
338 	if (!authctxt->authenticated)
339 		ensure_minimum_time_since(tstart,
340 		    user_specific_delay(authctxt->user));
341 	userauth_finish(ssh, authenticated, method, NULL);
342 	r = 0;
343  out:
344 	free(service);
345 	free(user);
346 	free(method);
347 	return r;
348 }
349 
350 void
351 userauth_finish(struct ssh *ssh, int authenticated, const char *packet_method,
352     const char *submethod)
353 {
354 	Authctxt *authctxt = ssh->authctxt;
355 	Authmethod *m = NULL;
356 	const char *method = packet_method;
357 	char *methods;
358 	int r, partial = 0;
359 
360 	if (authenticated) {
361 		if (!authctxt->valid) {
362 			fatal("INTERNAL ERROR: authenticated invalid user %s",
363 			    authctxt->user);
364 		}
365 		if (authctxt->postponed)
366 			fatal("INTERNAL ERROR: authenticated and postponed");
367 		/* prefer primary authmethod name to possible synonym */
368 		if ((m = authmethod_byname(method)) == NULL)
369 			fatal("INTERNAL ERROR: bad method %s", method);
370 		method = m->name;
371 	}
372 
373 	/* Special handling for root */
374 	if (authenticated && authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
375 	    !auth_root_allowed(ssh, method)) {
376 		authenticated = 0;
377 #ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
378 		PRIVSEP(audit_event(ssh, SSH_LOGIN_ROOT_DENIED));
379 #endif
380 	}
381 
382 	if (authenticated && options.num_auth_methods != 0) {
383 		if (!auth2_update_methods_lists(authctxt, method, submethod)) {
384 			authenticated = 0;
385 			partial = 1;
386 		}
387 	}
388 
389 	/* Log before sending the reply */
390 	auth_log(ssh, authenticated, partial, method, submethod);
391 
392 	/* Update information exposed to session */
393 	if (authenticated || partial)
394 		auth2_update_session_info(authctxt, method, submethod);
395 
396 	if (authctxt->postponed)
397 		return;
398 
399 #ifdef USE_PAM
400 	if (options.use_pam && authenticated) {
401 		int r, success = PRIVSEP(do_pam_account());
402 
403 		/* If PAM returned a message, send it to the user. */
404 		if (sshbuf_len(loginmsg) > 0) {
405 			if ((r = sshbuf_put(loginmsg, "\0", 1)) != 0)
406 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
407 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
408 			userauth_send_banner(ssh, sshbuf_ptr(loginmsg));
409 			if ((r = ssh_packet_write_wait(ssh)) != 0) {
410 				sshpkt_fatal(ssh, r,
411 				    "%s: send PAM banner", __func__);
412 			}
413 		}
414 		if (!success) {
415 			fatal("Access denied for user %s by PAM account "
416 			    "configuration", authctxt->user);
417 		}
418 	}
419 #endif
420 
421 	if (authenticated == 1) {
422 		/* turn off userauth */
423 		ssh_dispatch_set(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
424 		    &dispatch_protocol_ignore);
425 		if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS)) != 0 ||
426 		    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0 ||
427 		    (r = ssh_packet_write_wait(ssh)) != 0)
428 			fatal_fr(r, "send success packet");
429 		/* now we can break out */
430 		authctxt->success = 1;
431 		ssh_packet_set_log_preamble(ssh, "user %s", authctxt->user);
432 	} else {
433 		/* Allow initial try of "none" auth without failure penalty */
434 		if (!partial && !authctxt->server_caused_failure &&
435 		    (authctxt->attempt > 1 || strcmp(method, "none") != 0)) {
436 			authctxt->failures++;
437 			BLACKLIST_NOTIFY(ssh, BLACKLIST_AUTH_FAIL, "ssh");
438 		}
439 		if (authctxt->failures >= options.max_authtries) {
440 #ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
441 			PRIVSEP(audit_event(ssh, SSH_LOGIN_EXCEED_MAXTRIES));
442 #endif
443 			auth_maxtries_exceeded(ssh);
444 		}
445 		methods = authmethods_get(authctxt);
446 		debug3_f("failure partial=%d next methods=\"%s\"",
447 		    partial, methods);
448 		if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE)) != 0 ||
449 		    (r = sshpkt_put_cstring(ssh, methods)) != 0 ||
450 		    (r = sshpkt_put_u8(ssh, partial)) != 0 ||
451 		    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0 ||
452 		    (r = ssh_packet_write_wait(ssh)) != 0)
453 			fatal_fr(r, "send failure packet");
454 		free(methods);
455 	}
456 }
457 
458 /*
459  * Checks whether method is allowed by at least one AuthenticationMethods
460  * methods list. Returns 1 if allowed, or no methods lists configured.
461  * 0 otherwise.
462  */
463 int
464 auth2_method_allowed(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *method,
465     const char *submethod)
466 {
467 	u_int i;
468 
469 	/*
470 	 * NB. authctxt->num_auth_methods might be zero as a result of
471 	 * auth2_setup_methods_lists(), so check the configuration.
472 	 */
473 	if (options.num_auth_methods == 0)
474 		return 1;
475 	for (i = 0; i < authctxt->num_auth_methods; i++) {
476 		if (list_starts_with(authctxt->auth_methods[i], method,
477 		    submethod) != MATCH_NONE)
478 			return 1;
479 	}
480 	return 0;
481 }
482 
483 static char *
484 authmethods_get(Authctxt *authctxt)
485 {
486 	struct sshbuf *b;
487 	char *list;
488 	int i, r;
489 
490 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
491 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
492 	for (i = 0; authmethods[i] != NULL; i++) {
493 		if (strcmp(authmethods[i]->name, "none") == 0)
494 			continue;
495 		if (authmethods[i]->enabled == NULL ||
496 		    *(authmethods[i]->enabled) == 0)
497 			continue;
498 		if (!auth2_method_allowed(authctxt, authmethods[i]->name,
499 		    NULL))
500 			continue;
501 		if ((r = sshbuf_putf(b, "%s%s", sshbuf_len(b) ? "," : "",
502 		    authmethods[i]->name)) != 0)
503 			fatal_fr(r, "buffer error");
504 	}
505 	if ((list = sshbuf_dup_string(b)) == NULL)
506 		fatal_f("sshbuf_dup_string failed");
507 	sshbuf_free(b);
508 	return list;
509 }
510 
511 static Authmethod *
512 authmethod_byname(const char *name)
513 {
514 	int i;
515 
516 	if (name == NULL)
517 		fatal_f("NULL authentication method name");
518 	for (i = 0; authmethods[i] != NULL; i++) {
519 		if (strcmp(name, authmethods[i]->name) == 0 ||
520 		    (authmethods[i]->synonym != NULL &&
521 		    strcmp(name, authmethods[i]->synonym) == 0))
522 			return authmethods[i];
523 	}
524 	debug_f("unrecognized authentication method name: %s", name);
525 	return NULL;
526 }
527 
528 static Authmethod *
529 authmethod_lookup(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *name)
530 {
531 	Authmethod *method;
532 
533 	if ((method = authmethod_byname(name)) == NULL)
534 		return NULL;
535 
536 	if (method->enabled == NULL || *(method->enabled) == 0) {
537 		debug3_f("method %s not enabled", name);
538 		return NULL;
539 	}
540 	if (!auth2_method_allowed(authctxt, method->name, NULL)) {
541 		debug3_f("method %s not allowed "
542 		    "by AuthenticationMethods", name);
543 		return NULL;
544 	}
545 	return method;
546 }
547 
548 /*
549  * Check a comma-separated list of methods for validity. Is need_enable is
550  * non-zero, then also require that the methods are enabled.
551  * Returns 0 on success or -1 if the methods list is invalid.
552  */
553 int
554 auth2_methods_valid(const char *_methods, int need_enable)
555 {
556 	char *methods, *omethods, *method, *p;
557 	u_int i, found;
558 	int ret = -1;
559 
560 	if (*_methods == '\0') {
561 		error("empty authentication method list");
562 		return -1;
563 	}
564 	omethods = methods = xstrdup(_methods);
565 	while ((method = strsep(&methods, ",")) != NULL) {
566 		for (found = i = 0; !found && authmethods[i] != NULL; i++) {
567 			if ((p = strchr(method, ':')) != NULL)
568 				*p = '\0';
569 			if (strcmp(method, authmethods[i]->name) != 0)
570 				continue;
571 			if (need_enable) {
572 				if (authmethods[i]->enabled == NULL ||
573 				    *(authmethods[i]->enabled) == 0) {
574 					error("Disabled method \"%s\" in "
575 					    "AuthenticationMethods list \"%s\"",
576 					    method, _methods);
577 					goto out;
578 				}
579 			}
580 			found = 1;
581 			break;
582 		}
583 		if (!found) {
584 			error("Unknown authentication method \"%s\" in list",
585 			    method);
586 			goto out;
587 		}
588 	}
589 	ret = 0;
590  out:
591 	free(omethods);
592 	return ret;
593 }
594 
595 /*
596  * Prune the AuthenticationMethods supplied in the configuration, removing
597  * any methods lists that include disabled methods. Note that this might
598  * leave authctxt->num_auth_methods == 0, even when multiple required auth
599  * has been requested. For this reason, all tests for whether multiple is
600  * enabled should consult options.num_auth_methods directly.
601  */
602 int
603 auth2_setup_methods_lists(Authctxt *authctxt)
604 {
605 	u_int i;
606 
607 	/* First, normalise away the "any" pseudo-method */
608 	if (options.num_auth_methods == 1 &&
609 	    strcmp(options.auth_methods[0], "any") == 0) {
610 		free(options.auth_methods[0]);
611 		options.auth_methods[0] = NULL;
612 		options.num_auth_methods = 0;
613 	}
614 
615 	if (options.num_auth_methods == 0)
616 		return 0;
617 	debug3_f("checking methods");
618 	authctxt->auth_methods = xcalloc(options.num_auth_methods,
619 	    sizeof(*authctxt->auth_methods));
620 	authctxt->num_auth_methods = 0;
621 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_auth_methods; i++) {
622 		if (auth2_methods_valid(options.auth_methods[i], 1) != 0) {
623 			logit("Authentication methods list \"%s\" contains "
624 			    "disabled method, skipping",
625 			    options.auth_methods[i]);
626 			continue;
627 		}
628 		debug("authentication methods list %d: %s",
629 		    authctxt->num_auth_methods, options.auth_methods[i]);
630 		authctxt->auth_methods[authctxt->num_auth_methods++] =
631 		    xstrdup(options.auth_methods[i]);
632 	}
633 	if (authctxt->num_auth_methods == 0) {
634 		error("No AuthenticationMethods left after eliminating "
635 		    "disabled methods");
636 		return -1;
637 	}
638 	return 0;
639 }
640 
641 static int
642 list_starts_with(const char *methods, const char *method,
643     const char *submethod)
644 {
645 	size_t l = strlen(method);
646 	int match;
647 	const char *p;
648 
649 	if (strncmp(methods, method, l) != 0)
650 		return MATCH_NONE;
651 	p = methods + l;
652 	match = MATCH_METHOD;
653 	if (*p == ':') {
654 		if (!submethod)
655 			return MATCH_PARTIAL;
656 		l = strlen(submethod);
657 		p += 1;
658 		if (strncmp(submethod, p, l))
659 			return MATCH_NONE;
660 		p += l;
661 		match = MATCH_BOTH;
662 	}
663 	if (*p != ',' && *p != '\0')
664 		return MATCH_NONE;
665 	return match;
666 }
667 
668 /*
669  * Remove method from the start of a comma-separated list of methods.
670  * Returns 0 if the list of methods did not start with that method or 1
671  * if it did.
672  */
673 static int
674 remove_method(char **methods, const char *method, const char *submethod)
675 {
676 	char *omethods = *methods, *p;
677 	size_t l = strlen(method);
678 	int match;
679 
680 	match = list_starts_with(omethods, method, submethod);
681 	if (match != MATCH_METHOD && match != MATCH_BOTH)
682 		return 0;
683 	p = omethods + l;
684 	if (submethod && match == MATCH_BOTH)
685 		p += 1 + strlen(submethod); /* include colon */
686 	if (*p == ',')
687 		p++;
688 	*methods = xstrdup(p);
689 	free(omethods);
690 	return 1;
691 }
692 
693 /*
694  * Called after successful authentication. Will remove the successful method
695  * from the start of each list in which it occurs. If it was the last method
696  * in any list, then authentication is deemed successful.
697  * Returns 1 if the method completed any authentication list or 0 otherwise.
698  */
699 int
700 auth2_update_methods_lists(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *method,
701     const char *submethod)
702 {
703 	u_int i, found = 0;
704 
705 	debug3_f("updating methods list after \"%s\"", method);
706 	for (i = 0; i < authctxt->num_auth_methods; i++) {
707 		if (!remove_method(&(authctxt->auth_methods[i]), method,
708 		    submethod))
709 			continue;
710 		found = 1;
711 		if (*authctxt->auth_methods[i] == '\0') {
712 			debug2("authentication methods list %d complete", i);
713 			return 1;
714 		}
715 		debug3("authentication methods list %d remaining: \"%s\"",
716 		    i, authctxt->auth_methods[i]);
717 	}
718 	/* This should not happen, but would be bad if it did */
719 	if (!found)
720 		fatal_f("method not in AuthenticationMethods");
721 	return 0;
722 }
723 
724 /* Reset method-specific information */
725 void auth2_authctxt_reset_info(Authctxt *authctxt)
726 {
727 	sshkey_free(authctxt->auth_method_key);
728 	free(authctxt->auth_method_info);
729 	authctxt->auth_method_key = NULL;
730 	authctxt->auth_method_info = NULL;
731 }
732 
733 /* Record auth method-specific information for logs */
734 void
735 auth2_record_info(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *fmt, ...)
736 {
737 	va_list ap;
738 	int i;
739 
740 	free(authctxt->auth_method_info);
741 	authctxt->auth_method_info = NULL;
742 
743 	va_start(ap, fmt);
744 	i = vasprintf(&authctxt->auth_method_info, fmt, ap);
745 	va_end(ap);
746 
747 	if (i == -1)
748 		fatal_f("vasprintf failed");
749 }
750 
751 /*
752  * Records a public key used in authentication. This is used for logging
753  * and to ensure that the same key is not subsequently accepted again for
754  * multiple authentication.
755  */
756 void
757 auth2_record_key(Authctxt *authctxt, int authenticated,
758     const struct sshkey *key)
759 {
760 	struct sshkey **tmp, *dup;
761 	int r;
762 
763 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(key, &dup)) != 0)
764 		fatal_fr(r, "copy key");
765 	sshkey_free(authctxt->auth_method_key);
766 	authctxt->auth_method_key = dup;
767 
768 	if (!authenticated)
769 		return;
770 
771 	/* If authenticated, make sure we don't accept this key again */
772 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(key, &dup)) != 0)
773 		fatal_fr(r, "copy key");
774 	if (authctxt->nprev_keys >= INT_MAX ||
775 	    (tmp = recallocarray(authctxt->prev_keys, authctxt->nprev_keys,
776 	    authctxt->nprev_keys + 1, sizeof(*authctxt->prev_keys))) == NULL)
777 		fatal_f("reallocarray failed");
778 	authctxt->prev_keys = tmp;
779 	authctxt->prev_keys[authctxt->nprev_keys] = dup;
780 	authctxt->nprev_keys++;
781 
782 }
783 
784 /* Checks whether a key has already been previously used for authentication */
785 int
786 auth2_key_already_used(Authctxt *authctxt, const struct sshkey *key)
787 {
788 	u_int i;
789 	char *fp;
790 
791 	for (i = 0; i < authctxt->nprev_keys; i++) {
792 		if (sshkey_equal_public(key, authctxt->prev_keys[i])) {
793 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(authctxt->prev_keys[i],
794 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
795 			debug3_f("key already used: %s %s",
796 			    sshkey_type(authctxt->prev_keys[i]),
797 			    fp == NULL ? "UNKNOWN" : fp);
798 			free(fp);
799 			return 1;
800 		}
801 	}
802 	return 0;
803 }
804 
805 /*
806  * Updates authctxt->session_info with details of authentication. Should be
807  * whenever an authentication method succeeds.
808  */
809 void
810 auth2_update_session_info(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *method,
811     const char *submethod)
812 {
813 	int r;
814 
815 	if (authctxt->session_info == NULL) {
816 		if ((authctxt->session_info = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
817 			fatal_f("sshbuf_new");
818 	}
819 
820 	/* Append method[/submethod] */
821 	if ((r = sshbuf_putf(authctxt->session_info, "%s%s%s",
822 	    method, submethod == NULL ? "" : "/",
823 	    submethod == NULL ? "" : submethod)) != 0)
824 		fatal_fr(r, "append method");
825 
826 	/* Append key if present */
827 	if (authctxt->auth_method_key != NULL) {
828 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(authctxt->session_info, ' ')) != 0 ||
829 		    (r = sshkey_format_text(authctxt->auth_method_key,
830 		    authctxt->session_info)) != 0)
831 			fatal_fr(r, "append key");
832 	}
833 
834 	if (authctxt->auth_method_info != NULL) {
835 		/* Ensure no ambiguity here */
836 		if (strchr(authctxt->auth_method_info, '\n') != NULL)
837 			fatal_f("auth_method_info contains \\n");
838 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(authctxt->session_info, ' ')) != 0 ||
839 		    (r = sshbuf_putf(authctxt->session_info, "%s",
840 		    authctxt->auth_method_info)) != 0) {
841 			fatal_fr(r, "append method info");
842 		}
843 	}
844 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(authctxt->session_info, '\n')) != 0)
845 		fatal_fr(r, "append");
846 }
847 
848