xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/auth.c (revision 81ad626541db97eb356e2c1d4a20eb2a26a766ab)
1 /* $OpenBSD: auth.c,v 1.159 2022/12/09 00:17:40 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 #include "includes.h"
27 
28 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include <sys/stat.h>
30 #include <sys/socket.h>
31 #include <sys/wait.h>
32 
33 #include <netinet/in.h>
34 
35 #include <stdlib.h>
36 #include <errno.h>
37 #include <fcntl.h>
38 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
39 # include <paths.h>
40 #endif
41 #include <pwd.h>
42 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_H
43 #include <login.h>
44 #endif
45 #ifdef USE_SHADOW
46 #include <shadow.h>
47 #endif
48 #include <stdarg.h>
49 #include <stdio.h>
50 #include <string.h>
51 #include <unistd.h>
52 #include <limits.h>
53 #include <netdb.h>
54 #include <time.h>
55 
56 #include "xmalloc.h"
57 #include "match.h"
58 #include "groupaccess.h"
59 #include "log.h"
60 #include "sshbuf.h"
61 #include "misc.h"
62 #include "servconf.h"
63 #include "sshkey.h"
64 #include "hostfile.h"
65 #include "auth.h"
66 #include "auth-options.h"
67 #include "canohost.h"
68 #include "uidswap.h"
69 #include "packet.h"
70 #include "loginrec.h"
71 #ifdef GSSAPI
72 #include "ssh-gss.h"
73 #endif
74 #include "authfile.h"
75 #include "monitor_wrap.h"
76 #include "ssherr.h"
77 #include "compat.h"
78 #include "channels.h"
79 #include "blacklist_client.h"
80 
81 /* import */
82 extern ServerOptions options;
83 extern struct include_list includes;
84 extern int use_privsep;
85 extern struct sshbuf *loginmsg;
86 extern struct passwd *privsep_pw;
87 extern struct sshauthopt *auth_opts;
88 
89 /* Debugging messages */
90 static struct sshbuf *auth_debug;
91 
92 /*
93  * Check if the user is allowed to log in via ssh. If user is listed
94  * in DenyUsers or one of user's groups is listed in DenyGroups, false
95  * will be returned. If AllowUsers isn't empty and user isn't listed
96  * there, or if AllowGroups isn't empty and one of user's groups isn't
97  * listed there, false will be returned.
98  * If the user's shell is not executable, false will be returned.
99  * Otherwise true is returned.
100  */
101 int
102 allowed_user(struct ssh *ssh, struct passwd * pw)
103 {
104 	struct stat st;
105 	const char *hostname = NULL, *ipaddr = NULL;
106 	u_int i;
107 	int r;
108 
109 	/* Shouldn't be called if pw is NULL, but better safe than sorry... */
110 	if (!pw || !pw->pw_name)
111 		return 0;
112 
113 	if (!options.use_pam && platform_locked_account(pw)) {
114 		logit("User %.100s not allowed because account is locked",
115 		    pw->pw_name);
116 		return 0;
117 	}
118 
119 	/*
120 	 * Deny if shell does not exist or is not executable unless we
121 	 * are chrooting.
122 	 */
123 	if (options.chroot_directory == NULL ||
124 	    strcasecmp(options.chroot_directory, "none") == 0) {
125 		char *shell = xstrdup((pw->pw_shell[0] == '\0') ?
126 		    _PATH_BSHELL : pw->pw_shell); /* empty = /bin/sh */
127 
128 		if (stat(shell, &st) == -1) {
129 			logit("User %.100s not allowed because shell %.100s "
130 			    "does not exist", pw->pw_name, shell);
131 			free(shell);
132 			return 0;
133 		}
134 		if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) == 0 ||
135 		    (st.st_mode & (S_IXOTH|S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP)) == 0) {
136 			logit("User %.100s not allowed because shell %.100s "
137 			    "is not executable", pw->pw_name, shell);
138 			free(shell);
139 			return 0;
140 		}
141 		free(shell);
142 	}
143 
144 	if (options.num_deny_users > 0 || options.num_allow_users > 0 ||
145 	    options.num_deny_groups > 0 || options.num_allow_groups > 0) {
146 		hostname = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns);
147 		ipaddr = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh);
148 	}
149 
150 	/* Return false if user is listed in DenyUsers */
151 	if (options.num_deny_users > 0) {
152 		for (i = 0; i < options.num_deny_users; i++) {
153 			r = match_user(pw->pw_name, hostname, ipaddr,
154 			    options.deny_users[i]);
155 			if (r < 0) {
156 				fatal("Invalid DenyUsers pattern \"%.100s\"",
157 				    options.deny_users[i]);
158 			} else if (r != 0) {
159 				logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed "
160 				    "because listed in DenyUsers",
161 				    pw->pw_name, hostname);
162 				return 0;
163 			}
164 		}
165 	}
166 	/* Return false if AllowUsers isn't empty and user isn't listed there */
167 	if (options.num_allow_users > 0) {
168 		for (i = 0; i < options.num_allow_users; i++) {
169 			r = match_user(pw->pw_name, hostname, ipaddr,
170 			    options.allow_users[i]);
171 			if (r < 0) {
172 				fatal("Invalid AllowUsers pattern \"%.100s\"",
173 				    options.allow_users[i]);
174 			} else if (r == 1)
175 				break;
176 		}
177 		/* i < options.num_allow_users iff we break for loop */
178 		if (i >= options.num_allow_users) {
179 			logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed because "
180 			    "not listed in AllowUsers", pw->pw_name, hostname);
181 			return 0;
182 		}
183 	}
184 	if (options.num_deny_groups > 0 || options.num_allow_groups > 0) {
185 		/* Get the user's group access list (primary and supplementary) */
186 		if (ga_init(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == 0) {
187 			logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed because "
188 			    "not in any group", pw->pw_name, hostname);
189 			return 0;
190 		}
191 
192 		/* Return false if one of user's groups is listed in DenyGroups */
193 		if (options.num_deny_groups > 0)
194 			if (ga_match(options.deny_groups,
195 			    options.num_deny_groups)) {
196 				ga_free();
197 				logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed "
198 				    "because a group is listed in DenyGroups",
199 				    pw->pw_name, hostname);
200 				return 0;
201 			}
202 		/*
203 		 * Return false if AllowGroups isn't empty and one of user's groups
204 		 * isn't listed there
205 		 */
206 		if (options.num_allow_groups > 0)
207 			if (!ga_match(options.allow_groups,
208 			    options.num_allow_groups)) {
209 				ga_free();
210 				logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed "
211 				    "because none of user's groups are listed "
212 				    "in AllowGroups", pw->pw_name, hostname);
213 				return 0;
214 			}
215 		ga_free();
216 	}
217 
218 #ifdef CUSTOM_SYS_AUTH_ALLOWED_USER
219 	if (!sys_auth_allowed_user(pw, loginmsg))
220 		return 0;
221 #endif
222 
223 	/* We found no reason not to let this user try to log on... */
224 	return 1;
225 }
226 
227 /*
228  * Formats any key left in authctxt->auth_method_key for inclusion in
229  * auth_log()'s message. Also includes authxtct->auth_method_info if present.
230  */
231 static char *
232 format_method_key(Authctxt *authctxt)
233 {
234 	const struct sshkey *key = authctxt->auth_method_key;
235 	const char *methinfo = authctxt->auth_method_info;
236 	char *fp, *cafp, *ret = NULL;
237 
238 	if (key == NULL)
239 		return NULL;
240 
241 	if (sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
242 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key,
243 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
244 		cafp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
245 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
246 		xasprintf(&ret, "%s %s ID %s (serial %llu) CA %s %s%s%s",
247 		    sshkey_type(key), fp == NULL ? "(null)" : fp,
248 		    key->cert->key_id,
249 		    (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial,
250 		    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key),
251 		    cafp == NULL ? "(null)" : cafp,
252 		    methinfo == NULL ? "" : ", ",
253 		    methinfo == NULL ? "" : methinfo);
254 		free(fp);
255 		free(cafp);
256 	} else {
257 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash,
258 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
259 		xasprintf(&ret, "%s %s%s%s", sshkey_type(key),
260 		    fp == NULL ? "(null)" : fp,
261 		    methinfo == NULL ? "" : ", ",
262 		    methinfo == NULL ? "" : methinfo);
263 		free(fp);
264 	}
265 	return ret;
266 }
267 
268 void
269 auth_log(struct ssh *ssh, int authenticated, int partial,
270     const char *method, const char *submethod)
271 {
272 	Authctxt *authctxt = (Authctxt *)ssh->authctxt;
273 	int level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE;
274 	const char *authmsg;
275 	char *extra = NULL;
276 
277 	if (use_privsep && !mm_is_monitor() && !authctxt->postponed)
278 		return;
279 
280 	/* Raise logging level */
281 	if (authenticated == 1 ||
282 	    !authctxt->valid ||
283 	    authctxt->failures >= options.max_authtries / 2 ||
284 	    strcmp(method, "password") == 0)
285 		level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
286 
287 	if (authctxt->postponed)
288 		authmsg = "Postponed";
289 	else if (partial)
290 		authmsg = "Partial";
291 	else {
292 		authmsg = authenticated ? "Accepted" : "Failed";
293 		if (authenticated)
294 			BLACKLIST_NOTIFY(ssh, BLACKLIST_AUTH_OK, "ssh");
295 	}
296 
297 	if ((extra = format_method_key(authctxt)) == NULL) {
298 		if (authctxt->auth_method_info != NULL)
299 			extra = xstrdup(authctxt->auth_method_info);
300 	}
301 
302 	do_log2(level, "%s %s%s%s for %s%.100s from %.200s port %d ssh2%s%s",
303 	    authmsg,
304 	    method,
305 	    submethod != NULL ? "/" : "", submethod == NULL ? "" : submethod,
306 	    authctxt->valid ? "" : "invalid user ",
307 	    authctxt->user,
308 	    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh),
309 	    ssh_remote_port(ssh),
310 	    extra != NULL ? ": " : "",
311 	    extra != NULL ? extra : "");
312 
313 	free(extra);
314 
315 #if defined(CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN) || defined(SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS)
316 	if (authenticated == 0 && !(authctxt->postponed || partial)) {
317 		/* Log failed login attempt */
318 # ifdef CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN
319 		if (strcmp(method, "password") == 0 ||
320 		    strncmp(method, "keyboard-interactive", 20) == 0 ||
321 		    strcmp(method, "challenge-response") == 0)
322 			record_failed_login(ssh, authctxt->user,
323 			    auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns), "ssh");
324 # endif
325 # ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
326 		audit_event(ssh, audit_classify_auth(method));
327 # endif
328 	}
329 #endif
330 #if defined(CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN) && defined(WITH_AIXAUTHENTICATE)
331 	if (authenticated)
332 		sys_auth_record_login(authctxt->user,
333 		    auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns), "ssh",
334 		    loginmsg);
335 #endif
336 }
337 
338 void
339 auth_maxtries_exceeded(struct ssh *ssh)
340 {
341 	Authctxt *authctxt = (Authctxt *)ssh->authctxt;
342 
343 	error("maximum authentication attempts exceeded for "
344 	    "%s%.100s from %.200s port %d ssh2",
345 	    authctxt->valid ? "" : "invalid user ",
346 	    authctxt->user,
347 	    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh),
348 	    ssh_remote_port(ssh));
349 	ssh_packet_disconnect(ssh, "Too many authentication failures");
350 	/* NOTREACHED */
351 }
352 
353 /*
354  * Check whether root logins are disallowed.
355  */
356 int
357 auth_root_allowed(struct ssh *ssh, const char *method)
358 {
359 	switch (options.permit_root_login) {
360 	case PERMIT_YES:
361 		return 1;
362 	case PERMIT_NO_PASSWD:
363 		if (strcmp(method, "publickey") == 0 ||
364 		    strcmp(method, "hostbased") == 0 ||
365 		    strcmp(method, "gssapi-with-mic") == 0)
366 			return 1;
367 		break;
368 	case PERMIT_FORCED_ONLY:
369 		if (auth_opts->force_command != NULL) {
370 			logit("Root login accepted for forced command.");
371 			return 1;
372 		}
373 		break;
374 	}
375 	logit("ROOT LOGIN REFUSED FROM %.200s port %d",
376 	    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
377 	return 0;
378 }
379 
380 
381 /*
382  * Given a template and a passwd structure, build a filename
383  * by substituting % tokenised options. Currently, %% becomes '%',
384  * %h becomes the home directory and %u the username.
385  *
386  * This returns a buffer allocated by xmalloc.
387  */
388 char *
389 expand_authorized_keys(const char *filename, struct passwd *pw)
390 {
391 	char *file, uidstr[32], ret[PATH_MAX];
392 	int i;
393 
394 	snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%llu",
395 	    (unsigned long long)pw->pw_uid);
396 	file = percent_expand(filename, "h", pw->pw_dir,
397 	    "u", pw->pw_name, "U", uidstr, (char *)NULL);
398 
399 	/*
400 	 * Ensure that filename starts anchored. If not, be backward
401 	 * compatible and prepend the '%h/'
402 	 */
403 	if (path_absolute(file))
404 		return (file);
405 
406 	i = snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, file);
407 	if (i < 0 || (size_t)i >= sizeof(ret))
408 		fatal("expand_authorized_keys: path too long");
409 	free(file);
410 	return (xstrdup(ret));
411 }
412 
413 char *
414 authorized_principals_file(struct passwd *pw)
415 {
416 	if (options.authorized_principals_file == NULL)
417 		return NULL;
418 	return expand_authorized_keys(options.authorized_principals_file, pw);
419 }
420 
421 /* return ok if key exists in sysfile or userfile */
422 HostStatus
423 check_key_in_hostfiles(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *key, const char *host,
424     const char *sysfile, const char *userfile)
425 {
426 	char *user_hostfile;
427 	struct stat st;
428 	HostStatus host_status;
429 	struct hostkeys *hostkeys;
430 	const struct hostkey_entry *found;
431 
432 	hostkeys = init_hostkeys();
433 	load_hostkeys(hostkeys, host, sysfile, 0);
434 	if (userfile != NULL) {
435 		user_hostfile = tilde_expand_filename(userfile, pw->pw_uid);
436 		if (options.strict_modes &&
437 		    (stat(user_hostfile, &st) == 0) &&
438 		    ((st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != pw->pw_uid) ||
439 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0)) {
440 			logit("Authentication refused for %.100s: "
441 			    "bad owner or modes for %.200s",
442 			    pw->pw_name, user_hostfile);
443 			auth_debug_add("Ignored %.200s: bad ownership or modes",
444 			    user_hostfile);
445 		} else {
446 			temporarily_use_uid(pw);
447 			load_hostkeys(hostkeys, host, user_hostfile, 0);
448 			restore_uid();
449 		}
450 		free(user_hostfile);
451 	}
452 	host_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(hostkeys, key, &found);
453 	if (host_status == HOST_REVOKED)
454 		error("WARNING: revoked key for %s attempted authentication",
455 		    host);
456 	else if (host_status == HOST_OK)
457 		debug_f("key for %s found at %s:%ld",
458 		    found->host, found->file, found->line);
459 	else
460 		debug_f("key for host %s not found", host);
461 
462 	free_hostkeys(hostkeys);
463 
464 	return host_status;
465 }
466 
467 struct passwd *
468 getpwnamallow(struct ssh *ssh, const char *user)
469 {
470 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP
471 	extern login_cap_t *lc;
472 #ifdef HAVE_AUTH_HOSTOK
473 	const char *from_host, *from_ip;
474 #endif
475 #ifdef BSD_AUTH
476 	auth_session_t *as;
477 #endif
478 #endif
479 	struct passwd *pw;
480 	struct connection_info *ci;
481 	u_int i;
482 
483 	ci = get_connection_info(ssh, 1, options.use_dns);
484 	ci->user = user;
485 	parse_server_match_config(&options, &includes, ci);
486 	log_change_level(options.log_level);
487 	log_verbose_reset();
488 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_log_verbose; i++)
489 		log_verbose_add(options.log_verbose[i]);
490 	process_permitopen(ssh, &options);
491 
492 #if defined(_AIX) && defined(HAVE_SETAUTHDB)
493 	aix_setauthdb(user);
494 #endif
495 
496 	pw = getpwnam(user);
497 
498 #if defined(_AIX) && defined(HAVE_SETAUTHDB)
499 	aix_restoreauthdb();
500 #endif
501 	if (pw == NULL) {
502 		BLACKLIST_NOTIFY(ssh, BLACKLIST_BAD_USER, user);
503 		logit("Invalid user %.100s from %.100s port %d",
504 		    user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
505 #ifdef CUSTOM_FAILED_LOGIN
506 		record_failed_login(ssh, user,
507 		    auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns), "ssh");
508 #endif
509 #ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
510 		audit_event(ssh, SSH_INVALID_USER);
511 #endif /* SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS */
512 		return (NULL);
513 	}
514 	if (!allowed_user(ssh, pw))
515 		return (NULL);
516 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP
517 	if ((lc = login_getpwclass(pw)) == NULL) {
518 		debug("unable to get login class: %s", user);
519 		return (NULL);
520 	}
521 #ifdef HAVE_AUTH_HOSTOK
522 	from_host = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns);
523 	from_ip = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh);
524 	if (!auth_hostok(lc, from_host, from_ip)) {
525 		debug("Denied connection for %.200s from %.200s [%.200s].",
526 		    pw->pw_name, from_host, from_ip);
527 		return (NULL);
528 	}
529 #endif /* HAVE_AUTH_HOSTOK */
530 #ifdef HAVE_AUTH_TIMEOK
531 	if (!auth_timeok(lc, time(NULL))) {
532 		debug("LOGIN %.200s REFUSED (TIME)", pw->pw_name);
533 		return (NULL);
534 	}
535 #endif /* HAVE_AUTH_TIMEOK */
536 #ifdef BSD_AUTH
537 	if ((as = auth_open()) == NULL || auth_setpwd(as, pw) != 0 ||
538 	    auth_approval(as, lc, pw->pw_name, "ssh") <= 0) {
539 		debug("Approval failure for %s", user);
540 		pw = NULL;
541 	}
542 	if (as != NULL)
543 		auth_close(as);
544 #endif
545 #endif
546 	if (pw != NULL)
547 		return (pwcopy(pw));
548 	return (NULL);
549 }
550 
551 /* Returns 1 if key is revoked by revoked_keys_file, 0 otherwise */
552 int
553 auth_key_is_revoked(struct sshkey *key)
554 {
555 	char *fp = NULL;
556 	int r;
557 
558 	if (options.revoked_keys_file == NULL)
559 		return 0;
560 	if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash,
561 	    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
562 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
563 		error_fr(r, "fingerprint key");
564 		goto out;
565 	}
566 
567 	r = sshkey_check_revoked(key, options.revoked_keys_file);
568 	switch (r) {
569 	case 0:
570 		break; /* not revoked */
571 	case SSH_ERR_KEY_REVOKED:
572 		error("Authentication key %s %s revoked by file %s",
573 		    sshkey_type(key), fp, options.revoked_keys_file);
574 		goto out;
575 	default:
576 		error_r(r, "Error checking authentication key %s %s in "
577 		    "revoked keys file %s", sshkey_type(key), fp,
578 		    options.revoked_keys_file);
579 		goto out;
580 	}
581 
582 	/* Success */
583 	r = 0;
584 
585  out:
586 	free(fp);
587 	return r == 0 ? 0 : 1;
588 }
589 
590 void
591 auth_debug_add(const char *fmt,...)
592 {
593 	char buf[1024];
594 	va_list args;
595 	int r;
596 
597 	va_start(args, fmt);
598 	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
599 	va_end(args);
600 	debug3("%s", buf);
601 	if (auth_debug != NULL)
602 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(auth_debug, buf)) != 0)
603 			fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put_cstring");
604 }
605 
606 void
607 auth_debug_send(struct ssh *ssh)
608 {
609 	char *msg;
610 	int r;
611 
612 	if (auth_debug == NULL)
613 		return;
614 	while (sshbuf_len(auth_debug) != 0) {
615 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(auth_debug, &msg, NULL)) != 0)
616 			fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_get_cstring");
617 		ssh_packet_send_debug(ssh, "%s", msg);
618 		free(msg);
619 	}
620 }
621 
622 void
623 auth_debug_reset(void)
624 {
625 	if (auth_debug != NULL)
626 		sshbuf_reset(auth_debug);
627 	else if ((auth_debug = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
628 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
629 }
630 
631 struct passwd *
632 fakepw(void)
633 {
634 	static int done = 0;
635 	static struct passwd fake;
636 	const char hashchars[] = "./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
637 	    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; /* from bcrypt.c */
638 	char *cp;
639 
640 	if (done)
641 		return (&fake);
642 
643 	memset(&fake, 0, sizeof(fake));
644 	fake.pw_name = "NOUSER";
645 	fake.pw_passwd = xstrdup("$2a$10$"
646 	    "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
647 	for (cp = fake.pw_passwd + 7; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
648 		*cp = hashchars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(hashchars) - 1)];
649 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
650 	fake.pw_gecos = "NOUSER";
651 #endif
652 	fake.pw_uid = privsep_pw == NULL ? (uid_t)-1 : privsep_pw->pw_uid;
653 	fake.pw_gid = privsep_pw == NULL ? (gid_t)-1 : privsep_pw->pw_gid;
654 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
655 	fake.pw_class = "";
656 #endif
657 	fake.pw_dir = "/nonexist";
658 	fake.pw_shell = "/nonexist";
659 	done = 1;
660 
661 	return (&fake);
662 }
663 
664 /*
665  * Returns the remote DNS hostname as a string. The returned string must not
666  * be freed. NB. this will usually trigger a DNS query the first time it is
667  * called.
668  * This function does additional checks on the hostname to mitigate some
669  * attacks on based on conflation of hostnames and IP addresses.
670  */
671 
672 static char *
673 remote_hostname(struct ssh *ssh)
674 {
675 	struct sockaddr_storage from;
676 	socklen_t fromlen;
677 	struct addrinfo hints, *ai, *aitop;
678 	char name[NI_MAXHOST], ntop2[NI_MAXHOST];
679 	const char *ntop = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh);
680 
681 	/* Get IP address of client. */
682 	fromlen = sizeof(from);
683 	memset(&from, 0, sizeof(from));
684 	if (getpeername(ssh_packet_get_connection_in(ssh),
685 	    (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen) == -1) {
686 		debug("getpeername failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
687 		return xstrdup(ntop);
688 	}
689 
690 	ipv64_normalise_mapped(&from, &fromlen);
691 	if (from.ss_family == AF_INET6)
692 		fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
693 
694 	debug3("Trying to reverse map address %.100s.", ntop);
695 	/* Map the IP address to a host name. */
696 	if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&from, fromlen, name, sizeof(name),
697 	    NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD) != 0) {
698 		/* Host name not found.  Use ip address. */
699 		return xstrdup(ntop);
700 	}
701 
702 	/*
703 	 * if reverse lookup result looks like a numeric hostname,
704 	 * someone is trying to trick us by PTR record like following:
705 	 *	1.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa.	IN PTR	2.3.4.5
706 	 */
707 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
708 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;	/*dummy*/
709 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
710 	if (getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &ai) == 0) {
711 		logit("Nasty PTR record \"%s\" is set up for %s, ignoring",
712 		    name, ntop);
713 		freeaddrinfo(ai);
714 		return xstrdup(ntop);
715 	}
716 
717 	/* Names are stored in lowercase. */
718 	lowercase(name);
719 
720 	/*
721 	 * Map it back to an IP address and check that the given
722 	 * address actually is an address of this host.  This is
723 	 * necessary because anyone with access to a name server can
724 	 * define arbitrary names for an IP address. Mapping from
725 	 * name to IP address can be trusted better (but can still be
726 	 * fooled if the intruder has access to the name server of
727 	 * the domain).
728 	 */
729 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
730 	hints.ai_family = from.ss_family;
731 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
732 	if (getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &aitop) != 0) {
733 		logit("reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for %.700s "
734 		    "[%s] failed.", name, ntop);
735 		return xstrdup(ntop);
736 	}
737 	/* Look for the address from the list of addresses. */
738 	for (ai = aitop; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
739 		if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, ntop2,
740 		    sizeof(ntop2), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) == 0 &&
741 		    (strcmp(ntop, ntop2) == 0))
742 				break;
743 	}
744 	freeaddrinfo(aitop);
745 	/* If we reached the end of the list, the address was not there. */
746 	if (ai == NULL) {
747 		/* Address not found for the host name. */
748 		logit("Address %.100s maps to %.600s, but this does not "
749 		    "map back to the address.", ntop, name);
750 		return xstrdup(ntop);
751 	}
752 	return xstrdup(name);
753 }
754 
755 /*
756  * Return the canonical name of the host in the other side of the current
757  * connection.  The host name is cached, so it is efficient to call this
758  * several times.
759  */
760 
761 const char *
762 auth_get_canonical_hostname(struct ssh *ssh, int use_dns)
763 {
764 	static char *dnsname;
765 
766 	if (!use_dns)
767 		return ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh);
768 	else if (dnsname != NULL)
769 		return dnsname;
770 	else {
771 		dnsname = remote_hostname(ssh);
772 		return dnsname;
773 	}
774 }
775 
776 /* These functions link key/cert options to the auth framework */
777 
778 /* Log sshauthopt options locally and (optionally) for remote transmission */
779 void
780 auth_log_authopts(const char *loc, const struct sshauthopt *opts, int do_remote)
781 {
782 	int do_env = options.permit_user_env && opts->nenv > 0;
783 	int do_permitopen = opts->npermitopen > 0 &&
784 	    (options.allow_tcp_forwarding & FORWARD_LOCAL) != 0;
785 	int do_permitlisten = opts->npermitlisten > 0 &&
786 	    (options.allow_tcp_forwarding & FORWARD_REMOTE) != 0;
787 	size_t i;
788 	char msg[1024], buf[64];
789 
790 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", opts->force_tun_device);
791 	/* Try to keep this alphabetically sorted */
792 	snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "key options:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
793 	    opts->permit_agent_forwarding_flag ? " agent-forwarding" : "",
794 	    opts->force_command == NULL ? "" : " command",
795 	    do_env ?  " environment" : "",
796 	    opts->valid_before == 0 ? "" : "expires",
797 	    opts->no_require_user_presence ? " no-touch-required" : "",
798 	    do_permitopen ?  " permitopen" : "",
799 	    do_permitlisten ?  " permitlisten" : "",
800 	    opts->permit_port_forwarding_flag ? " port-forwarding" : "",
801 	    opts->cert_principals == NULL ? "" : " principals",
802 	    opts->permit_pty_flag ? " pty" : "",
803 	    opts->require_verify ? " uv" : "",
804 	    opts->force_tun_device == -1 ? "" : " tun=",
805 	    opts->force_tun_device == -1 ? "" : buf,
806 	    opts->permit_user_rc ? " user-rc" : "",
807 	    opts->permit_x11_forwarding_flag ? " x11-forwarding" : "");
808 
809 	debug("%s: %s", loc, msg);
810 	if (do_remote)
811 		auth_debug_add("%s: %s", loc, msg);
812 
813 	if (options.permit_user_env) {
814 		for (i = 0; i < opts->nenv; i++) {
815 			debug("%s: environment: %s", loc, opts->env[i]);
816 			if (do_remote) {
817 				auth_debug_add("%s: environment: %s",
818 				    loc, opts->env[i]);
819 			}
820 		}
821 	}
822 
823 	/* Go into a little more details for the local logs. */
824 	if (opts->valid_before != 0) {
825 		format_absolute_time(opts->valid_before, buf, sizeof(buf));
826 		debug("%s: expires at %s", loc, buf);
827 	}
828 	if (opts->cert_principals != NULL) {
829 		debug("%s: authorized principals: \"%s\"",
830 		    loc, opts->cert_principals);
831 	}
832 	if (opts->force_command != NULL)
833 		debug("%s: forced command: \"%s\"", loc, opts->force_command);
834 	if (do_permitopen) {
835 		for (i = 0; i < opts->npermitopen; i++) {
836 			debug("%s: permitted open: %s",
837 			    loc, opts->permitopen[i]);
838 		}
839 	}
840 	if (do_permitlisten) {
841 		for (i = 0; i < opts->npermitlisten; i++) {
842 			debug("%s: permitted listen: %s",
843 			    loc, opts->permitlisten[i]);
844 		}
845 	}
846 }
847 
848 /* Activate a new set of key/cert options; merging with what is there. */
849 int
850 auth_activate_options(struct ssh *ssh, struct sshauthopt *opts)
851 {
852 	struct sshauthopt *old = auth_opts;
853 	const char *emsg = NULL;
854 
855 	debug_f("setting new authentication options");
856 	if ((auth_opts = sshauthopt_merge(old, opts, &emsg)) == NULL) {
857 		error("Inconsistent authentication options: %s", emsg);
858 		return -1;
859 	}
860 	return 0;
861 }
862 
863 /* Disable forwarding, etc for the session */
864 void
865 auth_restrict_session(struct ssh *ssh)
866 {
867 	struct sshauthopt *restricted;
868 
869 	debug_f("restricting session");
870 
871 	/* A blank sshauthopt defaults to permitting nothing */
872 	if ((restricted = sshauthopt_new()) == NULL)
873 		fatal_f("sshauthopt_new failed");
874 	restricted->permit_pty_flag = 1;
875 	restricted->restricted = 1;
876 
877 	if (auth_activate_options(ssh, restricted) != 0)
878 		fatal_f("failed to restrict session");
879 	sshauthopt_free(restricted);
880 }
881