xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/auth-pam.c (revision c66ec88fed842fbaad62c30d510644ceb7bd2d71)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
6  * NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc.
7  * under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the
8  * DARPA CHATS research program.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 /*
32  * Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Damien Miller <djm@mindrot.org>
33  * Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Darren Tucker <dtucker@zip.com.au>
34  *
35  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
36  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
37  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
38  *
39  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
40  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
41  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
42  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
43  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
44  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
45  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
46  */
47 
48 /* Based on FreeBSD: src/crypto/openssh/auth2-pam-freebsd.c,v 1.11 2003/03/31 13:48:18 des */
49 
50 #include "includes.h"
51 
52 #include <sys/types.h>
53 #include <sys/stat.h>
54 #include <sys/wait.h>
55 
56 #include <errno.h>
57 #include <signal.h>
58 #include <stdarg.h>
59 #include <string.h>
60 #include <unistd.h>
61 
62 #ifdef USE_PAM
63 #if defined(HAVE_SECURITY_PAM_APPL_H)
64 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
65 #elif defined (HAVE_PAM_PAM_APPL_H)
66 #include <pam/pam_appl.h>
67 #endif
68 
69 #if !defined(SSHD_PAM_SERVICE)
70 extern char *__progname;
71 # define SSHD_PAM_SERVICE		__progname
72 #endif
73 
74 /* OpenGroup RFC86.0 and XSSO specify no "const" on arguments */
75 #ifdef PAM_SUN_CODEBASE
76 # define sshpam_const		/* Solaris, HP-UX, SunOS */
77 #else
78 # define sshpam_const	const	/* LinuxPAM, OpenPAM, AIX */
79 #endif
80 
81 /* Ambiguity in spec: is it an array of pointers or a pointer to an array? */
82 #ifdef PAM_SUN_CODEBASE
83 # define PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, n, member) ((*(msg))[(n)].member)
84 #else
85 # define PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, n, member) ((msg)[(n)]->member)
86 #endif
87 
88 #include "xmalloc.h"
89 #include "sshbuf.h"
90 #include "ssherr.h"
91 #include "hostfile.h"
92 #include "auth.h"
93 #include "auth-pam.h"
94 #include "canohost.h"
95 #include "log.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "packet.h"
98 #include "misc.h"
99 #include "servconf.h"
100 #include "ssh2.h"
101 #include "auth-options.h"
102 #ifdef GSSAPI
103 #include "ssh-gss.h"
104 #endif
105 #include "monitor_wrap.h"
106 #include "blacklist_client.h"
107 
108 extern ServerOptions options;
109 extern struct sshbuf *loginmsg;
110 extern u_int utmp_len;
111 
112 /* so we don't silently change behaviour */
113 #ifdef USE_POSIX_THREADS
114 # error "USE_POSIX_THREADS replaced by UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK"
115 #endif
116 
117 /*
118  * Formerly known as USE_POSIX_THREADS, using this is completely unsupported
119  * and generally a bad idea.  Use at own risk and do not expect support if
120  * this breaks.
121  */
122 #ifdef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
123 #include <pthread.h>
124 /*
125  * Avoid namespace clash when *not* using pthreads for systems *with*
126  * pthreads, which unconditionally define pthread_t via sys/types.h
127  * (e.g. Linux)
128  */
129 typedef pthread_t sp_pthread_t;
130 #else
131 typedef pid_t sp_pthread_t;
132 #define pthread_exit	fake_pthread_exit
133 #define pthread_create	fake_pthread_create
134 #define pthread_cancel	fake_pthread_cancel
135 #define pthread_join	fake_pthread_join
136 #endif
137 
138 struct pam_ctxt {
139 	sp_pthread_t	 pam_thread;
140 	int		 pam_psock;
141 	int		 pam_csock;
142 	int		 pam_done;
143 };
144 
145 static void sshpam_free_ctx(void *);
146 static struct pam_ctxt *cleanup_ctxt;
147 
148 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
149 /*
150  * Simulate threads with processes.
151  */
152 
153 static int sshpam_thread_status = -1;
154 static mysig_t sshpam_oldsig;
155 
156 static void
157 sshpam_sigchld_handler(int sig)
158 {
159 	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
160 	if (cleanup_ctxt == NULL)
161 		return;	/* handler called after PAM cleanup, shouldn't happen */
162 	if (waitpid(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, &sshpam_thread_status, WNOHANG)
163 	    <= 0) {
164 		/* PAM thread has not exitted, privsep slave must have */
165 		kill(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, SIGTERM);
166 		while (waitpid(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread,
167 		    &sshpam_thread_status, 0) == -1) {
168 			if (errno == EINTR)
169 				continue;
170 			return;
171 		}
172 	}
173 	if (WIFSIGNALED(sshpam_thread_status) &&
174 	    WTERMSIG(sshpam_thread_status) == SIGTERM)
175 		return;	/* terminated by pthread_cancel */
176 	if (!WIFEXITED(sshpam_thread_status))
177 		sigdie("PAM: authentication thread exited unexpectedly");
178 	if (WEXITSTATUS(sshpam_thread_status) != 0)
179 		sigdie("PAM: authentication thread exited uncleanly");
180 }
181 
182 /* ARGSUSED */
183 static void
184 pthread_exit(void *value)
185 {
186 	_exit(0);
187 }
188 
189 /* ARGSUSED */
190 static int
191 pthread_create(sp_pthread_t *thread, const void *attr,
192     void *(*thread_start)(void *), void *arg)
193 {
194 	pid_t pid;
195 	struct pam_ctxt *ctx = arg;
196 
197 	sshpam_thread_status = -1;
198 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
199 	case -1:
200 		error("fork(): %s", strerror(errno));
201 		return (-1);
202 	case 0:
203 		close(ctx->pam_psock);
204 		ctx->pam_psock = -1;
205 		thread_start(arg);
206 		_exit(1);
207 	default:
208 		*thread = pid;
209 		close(ctx->pam_csock);
210 		ctx->pam_csock = -1;
211 		sshpam_oldsig = signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_sigchld_handler);
212 		return (0);
213 	}
214 }
215 
216 static int
217 pthread_cancel(sp_pthread_t thread)
218 {
219 	signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_oldsig);
220 	return (kill(thread, SIGTERM));
221 }
222 
223 /* ARGSUSED */
224 static int
225 pthread_join(sp_pthread_t thread, void **value)
226 {
227 	int status;
228 
229 	if (sshpam_thread_status != -1)
230 		return (sshpam_thread_status);
231 	signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_oldsig);
232 	while (waitpid(thread, &status, 0) == -1) {
233 		if (errno == EINTR)
234 			continue;
235 		fatal("%s: waitpid: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
236 	}
237 	return (status);
238 }
239 #endif
240 
241 
242 static pam_handle_t *sshpam_handle = NULL;
243 static int sshpam_err = 0;
244 static int sshpam_authenticated = 0;
245 static int sshpam_session_open = 0;
246 static int sshpam_cred_established = 0;
247 static int sshpam_account_status = -1;
248 static int sshpam_maxtries_reached = 0;
249 static char **sshpam_env = NULL;
250 static Authctxt *sshpam_authctxt = NULL;
251 static const char *sshpam_password = NULL;
252 
253 /* Some PAM implementations don't implement this */
254 #ifndef HAVE_PAM_GETENVLIST
255 static char **
256 pam_getenvlist(pam_handle_t *pamh)
257 {
258 	/*
259 	 * XXX - If necessary, we can still support envrionment passing
260 	 * for platforms without pam_getenvlist by searching for known
261 	 * env vars (e.g. KRB5CCNAME) from the PAM environment.
262 	 */
263 	 return NULL;
264 }
265 #endif
266 
267 /*
268  * Some platforms, notably Solaris, do not enforce password complexity
269  * rules during pam_chauthtok() if the real uid of the calling process
270  * is 0, on the assumption that it's being called by "passwd" run by root.
271  * This wraps pam_chauthtok and sets/restore the real uid so PAM will do
272  * the right thing.
273  */
274 #ifdef SSHPAM_CHAUTHTOK_NEEDS_RUID
275 static int
276 sshpam_chauthtok_ruid(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags)
277 {
278 	int result;
279 
280 	if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
281 		fatal("PAM: sshpam_authctxt not initialized");
282 	if (setreuid(sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid, -1) == -1)
283 		fatal("%s: setreuid failed: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
284 	result = pam_chauthtok(pamh, flags);
285 	if (setreuid(0, -1) == -1)
286 		fatal("%s: setreuid failed: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
287 	return result;
288 }
289 # define pam_chauthtok(a,b)	(sshpam_chauthtok_ruid((a), (b)))
290 #endif
291 
292 void
293 sshpam_password_change_required(int reqd)
294 {
295 	extern struct sshauthopt *auth_opts;
296 	static int saved_port, saved_agent, saved_x11;
297 
298 	debug3("%s %d", __func__, reqd);
299 	if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
300 		fatal("%s: PAM authctxt not initialized", __func__);
301 	sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange = reqd;
302 	if (reqd) {
303 		saved_port = auth_opts->permit_port_forwarding_flag;
304 		saved_agent = auth_opts->permit_agent_forwarding_flag;
305 		saved_x11 = auth_opts->permit_x11_forwarding_flag;
306 		auth_opts->permit_port_forwarding_flag = 0;
307 		auth_opts->permit_agent_forwarding_flag = 0;
308 		auth_opts->permit_x11_forwarding_flag = 0;
309 	} else {
310 		if (saved_port)
311 			auth_opts->permit_port_forwarding_flag = saved_port;
312 		if (saved_agent)
313 			auth_opts->permit_agent_forwarding_flag = saved_agent;
314 		if (saved_x11)
315 			auth_opts->permit_x11_forwarding_flag = saved_x11;
316 	}
317 }
318 
319 /* Import regular and PAM environment from subprocess */
320 static void
321 import_environments(struct sshbuf *b)
322 {
323 	char *env;
324 	u_int n, i, num_env;
325 	int r;
326 
327 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
328 
329 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
330 	/* Import variables set by do_pam_account */
331 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &n)) != 0)
332 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
333 	if (n > INT_MAX)
334 		fatal("%s: invalid PAM account status %u", __func__, n);
335 	sshpam_account_status = (int)n;
336 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &n)) != 0)
337 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
338 	sshpam_password_change_required(n != 0);
339 
340 	/* Import environment from subprocess */
341 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &num_env)) != 0)
342 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
343 	if (num_env > 1024)
344 		fatal("%s: received %u environment variables, expected <= 1024",
345 		    __func__, num_env);
346 	sshpam_env = xcalloc(num_env + 1, sizeof(*sshpam_env));
347 	debug3("PAM: num env strings %d", num_env);
348 	for(i = 0; i < num_env; i++) {
349 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &(sshpam_env[i]), NULL)) != 0)
350 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
351 	}
352 	sshpam_env[num_env] = NULL;
353 
354 	/* Import PAM environment from subprocess */
355 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &num_env)) != 0)
356 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
357 	debug("PAM: num PAM env strings %d", num_env);
358 	for (i = 0; i < num_env; i++) {
359 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &env, NULL)) != 0)
360 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
361 #ifdef HAVE_PAM_PUTENV
362 		/* Errors are not fatal here */
363 		if ((r = pam_putenv(sshpam_handle, env)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
364 			error("PAM: pam_putenv: %s",
365 			    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, r));
366 		}
367 #endif
368 		/* XXX leak env? */
369 	}
370 #endif
371 }
372 
373 /*
374  * Conversation function for authentication thread.
375  */
376 static int
377 sshpam_thread_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
378     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
379 {
380 	struct sshbuf *buffer;
381 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt;
382 	struct pam_response *reply;
383 	int r, i;
384 	u_char status;
385 
386 	debug3("PAM: %s entering, %d messages", __func__, n);
387 	*resp = NULL;
388 
389 	if (data == NULL) {
390 		error("PAM: conversation function passed a null context");
391 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
392 	}
393 	ctxt = data;
394 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
395 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
396 
397 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
398 		return PAM_CONV_ERR;
399 	if ((buffer = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
400 		free(reply);
401 		return PAM_CONV_ERR;
402 	}
403 
404 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
405 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
406 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
407 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
408 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer,
409 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg))) != 0)
410 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
411 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
412 			if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
413 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), buffer) == -1)
414 				goto fail;
415 
416 			if (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_csock, buffer) == -1)
417 				goto fail;
418 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(buffer, &status)) != 0)
419 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
420 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
421 			if (status != PAM_AUTHTOK)
422 				goto fail;
423 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buffer,
424 			    &reply[i].resp, NULL)) != 0)
425 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
426 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
427 			break;
428 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
429 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
430 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer,
431 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg))) != 0)
432 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
433 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
434 			if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
435 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), buffer) == -1)
436 				goto fail;
437 			break;
438 		default:
439 			goto fail;
440 		}
441 		sshbuf_reset(buffer);
442 	}
443 	sshbuf_free(buffer);
444 	*resp = reply;
445 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
446 
447  fail:
448 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
449 		free(reply[i].resp);
450 	}
451 	free(reply);
452 	sshbuf_free(buffer);
453 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
454 }
455 
456 /*
457  * Authentication thread.
458  */
459 static void *
460 sshpam_thread(void *ctxtp)
461 {
462 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctxtp;
463 	struct sshbuf *buffer = NULL;
464 	struct pam_conv sshpam_conv;
465 	int r, flags = (options.permit_empty_passwd == 0 ?
466 	    PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK : 0);
467 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
468 	extern char **environ;
469 	char **env_from_pam;
470 	u_int i;
471 	const char *pam_user;
472 	const char **ptr_pam_user = &pam_user;
473 	char *tz = getenv("TZ");
474 
475 	sshpam_err = pam_get_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_USER,
476 	    (sshpam_const void **)ptr_pam_user);
477 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
478 		goto auth_fail;
479 
480 	environ[0] = NULL;
481 	if (tz != NULL)
482 		if (setenv("TZ", tz, 1) == -1)
483 			error("PAM: could not set TZ environment: %s",
484 			    strerror(errno));
485 
486 	if (sshpam_authctxt != NULL) {
487 		setproctitle("%s [pam]",
488 		    sshpam_authctxt->valid ? pam_user : "unknown");
489 	}
490 #endif
491 
492 	sshpam_conv.conv = sshpam_thread_conv;
493 	sshpam_conv.appdata_ptr = ctxt;
494 
495 	if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
496 		fatal("%s: PAM authctxt not initialized", __func__);
497 
498 	if ((buffer = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
499 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
500 
501 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
502 	    (const void *)&sshpam_conv);
503 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
504 		goto auth_fail;
505 	sshpam_err = pam_authenticate(sshpam_handle, flags);
506 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_MAXTRIES)
507 		sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(1);
508 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
509 		goto auth_fail;
510 
511 	if (!do_pam_account()) {
512 		sshpam_err = PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED;
513 		goto auth_fail;
514 	}
515 	if (sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange) {
516 		sshpam_err = pam_chauthtok(sshpam_handle,
517 		    PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
518 		if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
519 			goto auth_fail;
520 		sshpam_password_change_required(0);
521 	}
522 
523 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer, "OK")) != 0)
524 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
525 
526 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
527 	/* Export variables set by do_pam_account */
528 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(buffer, sshpam_account_status)) != 0 ||
529 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(buffer, sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange)) != 0)
530 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
531 
532 	/* Export any environment strings set in child */
533 	for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++) {
534 		/* Count */
535 		if (i > INT_MAX)
536 			fatal("%s: too many enviornment strings", __func__);
537 	}
538 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(buffer, i)) != 0)
539 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
540 	for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++) {
541 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer, environ[i])) != 0)
542 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
543 	}
544 	/* Export any environment strings set by PAM in child */
545 	env_from_pam = pam_getenvlist(sshpam_handle);
546 	for (i = 0; env_from_pam != NULL && env_from_pam[i] != NULL; i++) {
547 		/* Count */
548 		if (i > INT_MAX)
549 			fatal("%s: too many PAM enviornment strings", __func__);
550 	}
551 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(buffer, i)) != 0)
552 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
553 	for (i = 0; env_from_pam != NULL && env_from_pam[i] != NULL; i++) {
554 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer, env_from_pam[i])) != 0)
555 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
556 	}
557 #endif /* UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK */
558 
559 	/* XXX - can't do much about an error here */
560 	ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, sshpam_err, buffer);
561 	sshbuf_free(buffer);
562 	pthread_exit(NULL);
563 
564  auth_fail:
565 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer,
566 	    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err))) != 0)
567 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
568 	/* XXX - can't do much about an error here */
569 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED)
570 		ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED, buffer);
571 	else if (sshpam_maxtries_reached)
572 		ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_MAXTRIES, buffer);
573 	else
574 		ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_AUTH_ERR, buffer);
575 	sshbuf_free(buffer);
576 	pthread_exit(NULL);
577 
578 	return (NULL); /* Avoid warning for non-pthread case */
579 }
580 
581 void
582 sshpam_thread_cleanup(void)
583 {
584 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = cleanup_ctxt;
585 
586 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
587 	if (ctxt != NULL && ctxt->pam_thread != 0) {
588 		pthread_cancel(ctxt->pam_thread);
589 		pthread_join(ctxt->pam_thread, NULL);
590 		close(ctxt->pam_psock);
591 		close(ctxt->pam_csock);
592 		memset(ctxt, 0, sizeof(*ctxt));
593 		cleanup_ctxt = NULL;
594 	}
595 }
596 
597 static int
598 sshpam_null_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
599     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
600 {
601 	debug3("PAM: %s entering, %d messages", __func__, n);
602 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
603 }
604 
605 static struct pam_conv null_conv = { sshpam_null_conv, NULL };
606 
607 static int
608 sshpam_store_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
609     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
610 {
611 	struct pam_response *reply;
612 	int r, i;
613 
614 	debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
615 	*resp = NULL;
616 
617 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
618 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
619 
620 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
621 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
622 
623 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
624 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
625 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
626 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
627 			if ((r = sshbuf_putf(loginmsg, "%s\n",
628 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg))) != 0)
629 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
630 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
631 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
632 			break;
633 		default:
634 			goto fail;
635 		}
636 	}
637 	*resp = reply;
638 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
639 
640  fail:
641 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
642 		free(reply[i].resp);
643 	}
644 	free(reply);
645 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
646 }
647 
648 static struct pam_conv store_conv = { sshpam_store_conv, NULL };
649 
650 void
651 sshpam_cleanup(void)
652 {
653 	if (sshpam_handle == NULL || (use_privsep && !mm_is_monitor()))
654 		return;
655 	debug("PAM: cleanup");
656 	pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV, (const void *)&null_conv);
657 	if (sshpam_session_open) {
658 		debug("PAM: closing session");
659 		pam_close_session(sshpam_handle, PAM_SILENT);
660 		sshpam_session_open = 0;
661 	}
662 	if (sshpam_cred_established) {
663 		debug("PAM: deleting credentials");
664 		pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_DELETE_CRED);
665 		sshpam_cred_established = 0;
666 	}
667 	sshpam_authenticated = 0;
668 	pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
669 	sshpam_handle = NULL;
670 }
671 
672 static int
673 sshpam_init(Authctxt *authctxt)
674 {
675 	const char *pam_rhost, *pam_user, *user = authctxt->user;
676 	const char **ptr_pam_user = &pam_user;
677 	struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
678 
679 	if (sshpam_handle != NULL) {
680 		/* We already have a PAM context; check if the user matches */
681 		sshpam_err = pam_get_item(sshpam_handle,
682 		    PAM_USER, (sshpam_const void **)ptr_pam_user);
683 		if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS && strcmp(user, pam_user) == 0)
684 			return (0);
685 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
686 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
687 	}
688 	debug("PAM: initializing for \"%s\"", user);
689 	sshpam_err =
690 	    pam_start(SSHD_PAM_SERVICE, user, &store_conv, &sshpam_handle);
691 	sshpam_authctxt = authctxt;
692 
693 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
694 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
695 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
696 		return (-1);
697 	}
698 	pam_rhost = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns);
699 	debug("PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to \"%s\"", pam_rhost);
700 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_RHOST, pam_rhost);
701 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
702 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
703 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
704 		return (-1);
705 	}
706 #ifdef PAM_TTY_KLUDGE
707 	/*
708 	 * Some silly PAM modules (e.g. pam_time) require a TTY to operate.
709 	 * sshd doesn't set the tty until too late in the auth process and
710 	 * may not even set one (for tty-less connections)
711 	 */
712 	debug("PAM: setting PAM_TTY to \"ssh\"");
713 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_TTY, "ssh");
714 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
715 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
716 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
717 		return (-1);
718 	}
719 #endif
720 	return (0);
721 }
722 
723 static void
724 expose_authinfo(const char *caller)
725 {
726 	char *auth_info;
727 
728 	/*
729 	 * Expose authentication information to PAM.
730 	 * The environment variable is versioned. Please increment the
731 	 * version suffix if the format of session_info changes.
732 	 */
733 	if (sshpam_authctxt->session_info == NULL)
734 		auth_info = xstrdup("");
735 	else if ((auth_info = sshbuf_dup_string(
736 	    sshpam_authctxt->session_info)) == NULL)
737 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_dup_string failed", __func__);
738 
739 	debug2("%s: auth information in SSH_AUTH_INFO_0", caller);
740 	do_pam_putenv("SSH_AUTH_INFO_0", auth_info);
741 	free(auth_info);
742 }
743 
744 static void *
745 sshpam_init_ctx(Authctxt *authctxt)
746 {
747 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt;
748 	int socks[2];
749 
750 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
751 	/*
752 	 * Refuse to start if we don't have PAM enabled or do_pam_account
753 	 * has previously failed.
754 	 */
755 	if (!options.use_pam || sshpam_account_status == 0)
756 		return NULL;
757 
758 	/* Initialize PAM */
759 	if (sshpam_init(authctxt) == -1) {
760 		error("PAM: initialization failed");
761 		return (NULL);
762 	}
763 
764 	expose_authinfo(__func__);
765 	ctxt = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ctxt);
766 
767 	/* Start the authentication thread */
768 	if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC, socks) == -1) {
769 		error("PAM: failed create sockets: %s", strerror(errno));
770 		free(ctxt);
771 		return (NULL);
772 	}
773 	ctxt->pam_psock = socks[0];
774 	ctxt->pam_csock = socks[1];
775 	if (pthread_create(&ctxt->pam_thread, NULL, sshpam_thread, ctxt) == -1) {
776 		error("PAM: failed to start authentication thread: %s",
777 		    strerror(errno));
778 		close(socks[0]);
779 		close(socks[1]);
780 		free(ctxt);
781 		return (NULL);
782 	}
783 	cleanup_ctxt = ctxt;
784 	return (ctxt);
785 }
786 
787 static int
788 sshpam_query(void *ctx, char **name, char **info,
789     u_int *num, char ***prompts, u_int **echo_on)
790 {
791 	struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
792 	struct sshbuf *buffer;
793 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctx;
794 	size_t plen;
795 	u_char type;
796 	char *msg;
797 	size_t len, mlen;
798 	int r;
799 
800 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
801 	if ((buffer = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
802 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
803 	*name = xstrdup("");
804 	*info = xstrdup("");
805 	*prompts = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
806 	**prompts = NULL;
807 	plen = 0;
808 	*echo_on = xmalloc(sizeof(u_int));
809 	while (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_psock, buffer) == 0) {
810 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(buffer, &type)) != 0 ||
811 		    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buffer, &msg, &mlen)) != 0)
812 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
813 		switch (type) {
814 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
815 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
816 			*num = 1;
817 			len = plen + mlen + 1;
818 			**prompts = xreallocarray(**prompts, 1, len);
819 			strlcpy(**prompts + plen, msg, len - plen);
820 			plen += mlen;
821 			**echo_on = (type == PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON);
822 			free(msg);
823 			return (0);
824 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
825 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
826 			/* accumulate messages */
827 			len = plen + mlen + 2;
828 			**prompts = xreallocarray(**prompts, 1, len);
829 			strlcpy(**prompts + plen, msg, len - plen);
830 			plen += mlen;
831 			strlcat(**prompts + plen, "\n", len - plen);
832 			plen++;
833 			free(msg);
834 			break;
835 		case PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED:
836 		case PAM_MAXTRIES:
837 			if (type == PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED)
838 				sshpam_account_status = 0;
839 			if (type == PAM_MAXTRIES)
840 				sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(1);
841 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
842 		case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
843 			debug3("PAM: %s", pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, type));
844 			if (**prompts != NULL && strlen(**prompts) != 0) {
845 				*info = **prompts;
846 				**prompts = NULL;
847 				*num = 0;
848 				**echo_on = 0;
849 				ctxt->pam_done = -1;
850 				free(msg);
851 				return 0;
852 			}
853 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
854 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
855 			if (**prompts != NULL) {
856 				/* drain any accumulated messages */
857 				debug("PAM: %s", **prompts);
858 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(loginmsg, **prompts,
859 				    strlen(**prompts))) != 0)
860 					fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
861 					    __func__, ssh_err(r));
862 				free(**prompts);
863 				**prompts = NULL;
864 			}
865 			if (type == PAM_SUCCESS) {
866 				if (!sshpam_authctxt->valid ||
867 				    (sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
868 				    options.permit_root_login != PERMIT_YES))
869 					fatal("Internal error: PAM auth "
870 					    "succeeded when it should have "
871 					    "failed");
872 				import_environments(buffer);
873 				*num = 0;
874 				**echo_on = 0;
875 				ctxt->pam_done = 1;
876 				free(msg);
877 				return (0);
878 			}
879 			BLACKLIST_NOTIFY(BLACKLIST_BAD_USER,
880 			    sshpam_authctxt->user);
881 			error("PAM: %s for %s%.100s from %.100s", msg,
882 			    sshpam_authctxt->valid ? "" : "illegal user ",
883 			    sshpam_authctxt->user,
884 			    auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns));
885 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
886 		default:
887 			*num = 0;
888 			**echo_on = 0;
889 			free(msg);
890 			ctxt->pam_done = -1;
891 			return (-1);
892 		}
893 	}
894 	return (-1);
895 }
896 
897 /*
898  * Returns a junk password of identical length to that the user supplied.
899  * Used to mitigate timing attacks against crypt(3)/PAM stacks that
900  * vary processing time in proportion to password length.
901  */
902 static char *
903 fake_password(const char *wire_password)
904 {
905 	const char junk[] = "\b\n\r\177INCORRECT";
906 	char *ret = NULL;
907 	size_t i, l = wire_password != NULL ? strlen(wire_password) : 0;
908 
909 	if (l >= INT_MAX)
910 		fatal("%s: password length too long: %zu", __func__, l);
911 
912 	ret = malloc(l + 1);
913 	if (ret == NULL)
914 		return NULL;
915 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
916 		ret[i] = junk[i % (sizeof(junk) - 1)];
917 	ret[i] = '\0';
918 	return ret;
919 }
920 
921 /* XXX - see also comment in auth-chall.c:verify_response */
922 static int
923 sshpam_respond(void *ctx, u_int num, char **resp)
924 {
925 	struct sshbuf *buffer;
926 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctx;
927 	char *fake;
928 	int r;
929 
930 	debug2("PAM: %s entering, %u responses", __func__, num);
931 	switch (ctxt->pam_done) {
932 	case 1:
933 		sshpam_authenticated = 1;
934 		return (0);
935 	case 0:
936 		break;
937 	default:
938 		return (-1);
939 	}
940 	if (num != 1) {
941 		error("PAM: expected one response, got %u", num);
942 		return (-1);
943 	}
944 	if ((buffer = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
945 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
946 	if (sshpam_authctxt->valid &&
947 	    (sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid != 0 ||
948 	    options.permit_root_login == PERMIT_YES)) {
949 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer, *resp)) != 0)
950 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
951 	} else {
952 		fake = fake_password(*resp);
953 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(buffer, fake)) != 0)
954 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
955 		free(fake);
956 	}
957 	if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_psock, PAM_AUTHTOK, buffer) == -1) {
958 		sshbuf_free(buffer);
959 		return (-1);
960 	}
961 	sshbuf_free(buffer);
962 	return (1);
963 }
964 
965 static void
966 sshpam_free_ctx(void *ctxtp)
967 {
968 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctxtp;
969 
970 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
971 	sshpam_thread_cleanup();
972 	free(ctxt);
973 	/*
974 	 * We don't call sshpam_cleanup() here because we may need the PAM
975 	 * handle at a later stage, e.g. when setting up a session.  It's
976 	 * still on the cleanup list, so pam_end() *will* be called before
977 	 * the server process terminates.
978 	 */
979 }
980 
981 KbdintDevice sshpam_device = {
982 	"pam",
983 	sshpam_init_ctx,
984 	sshpam_query,
985 	sshpam_respond,
986 	sshpam_free_ctx
987 };
988 
989 KbdintDevice mm_sshpam_device = {
990 	"pam",
991 	mm_sshpam_init_ctx,
992 	mm_sshpam_query,
993 	mm_sshpam_respond,
994 	mm_sshpam_free_ctx
995 };
996 
997 /*
998  * This replaces auth-pam.c
999  */
1000 void
1001 start_pam(Authctxt *authctxt)
1002 {
1003 	if (!options.use_pam)
1004 		fatal("PAM: initialisation requested when UsePAM=no");
1005 
1006 	if (sshpam_init(authctxt) == -1)
1007 		fatal("PAM: initialisation failed");
1008 }
1009 
1010 void
1011 finish_pam(void)
1012 {
1013 	sshpam_cleanup();
1014 }
1015 
1016 
1017 u_int
1018 do_pam_account(void)
1019 {
1020 	debug("%s: called", __func__);
1021 	if (sshpam_account_status != -1)
1022 		return (sshpam_account_status);
1023 
1024 	expose_authinfo(__func__);
1025 
1026 	sshpam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(sshpam_handle, 0);
1027 	debug3("PAM: %s pam_acct_mgmt = %d (%s)", __func__, sshpam_err,
1028 	    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1029 
1030 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS && sshpam_err != PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD) {
1031 		sshpam_account_status = 0;
1032 		return (sshpam_account_status);
1033 	}
1034 
1035 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD)
1036 		sshpam_password_change_required(1);
1037 
1038 	sshpam_account_status = 1;
1039 	return (sshpam_account_status);
1040 }
1041 
1042 void
1043 do_pam_setcred(int init)
1044 {
1045 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1046 	    (const void *)&store_conv);
1047 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1048 		fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1049 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1050 	if (init) {
1051 		debug("PAM: establishing credentials");
1052 		sshpam_err = pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
1053 	} else {
1054 		debug("PAM: reinitializing credentials");
1055 		sshpam_err = pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED);
1056 	}
1057 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
1058 		sshpam_cred_established = 1;
1059 		return;
1060 	}
1061 	if (sshpam_authenticated)
1062 		fatal("PAM: pam_setcred(): %s",
1063 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1064 	else
1065 		debug("PAM: pam_setcred(): %s",
1066 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1067 }
1068 
1069 static int
1070 sshpam_tty_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
1071     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
1072 {
1073 	char input[PAM_MAX_MSG_SIZE];
1074 	struct pam_response *reply;
1075 	int i;
1076 
1077 	debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
1078 
1079 	*resp = NULL;
1080 
1081 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
1082 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1083 
1084 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
1085 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1086 
1087 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1088 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
1089 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
1090 			reply[i].resp =
1091 			    read_passphrase(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg),
1092 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1093 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1094 			break;
1095 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
1096 			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1097 			if (fgets(input, sizeof input, stdin) == NULL)
1098 				input[0] = '\0';
1099 			if ((reply[i].resp = strdup(input)) == NULL)
1100 				goto fail;
1101 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1102 			break;
1103 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
1104 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
1105 			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1106 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1107 			break;
1108 		default:
1109 			goto fail;
1110 		}
1111 	}
1112 	*resp = reply;
1113 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
1114 
1115  fail:
1116 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1117 		free(reply[i].resp);
1118 	}
1119 	free(reply);
1120 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1121 }
1122 
1123 static struct pam_conv tty_conv = { sshpam_tty_conv, NULL };
1124 
1125 /*
1126  * XXX this should be done in the authentication phase, but ssh1 doesn't
1127  * support that
1128  */
1129 void
1130 do_pam_chauthtok(void)
1131 {
1132 	if (use_privsep)
1133 		fatal("Password expired (unable to change with privsep)");
1134 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1135 	    (const void *)&tty_conv);
1136 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1137 		fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1138 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1139 	debug("PAM: changing password");
1140 	sshpam_err = pam_chauthtok(sshpam_handle, PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
1141 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1142 		fatal("PAM: pam_chauthtok(): %s",
1143 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1144 }
1145 
1146 void
1147 do_pam_session(struct ssh *ssh)
1148 {
1149 	debug3("PAM: opening session");
1150 
1151 	expose_authinfo(__func__);
1152 
1153 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1154 	    (const void *)&store_conv);
1155 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1156 		fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1157 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1158 	sshpam_err = pam_open_session(sshpam_handle, 0);
1159 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
1160 		sshpam_session_open = 1;
1161 	else {
1162 		sshpam_session_open = 0;
1163 		auth_restrict_session(ssh);
1164 		error("PAM: pam_open_session(): %s",
1165 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1166 	}
1167 
1168 }
1169 
1170 int
1171 is_pam_session_open(void)
1172 {
1173 	return sshpam_session_open;
1174 }
1175 
1176 /*
1177  * Set a PAM environment string. We need to do this so that the session
1178  * modules can handle things like Kerberos/GSI credentials that appear
1179  * during the ssh authentication process.
1180  */
1181 int
1182 do_pam_putenv(char *name, char *value)
1183 {
1184 	int ret = 1;
1185 #ifdef HAVE_PAM_PUTENV
1186 	char *compound;
1187 	size_t len;
1188 
1189 	len = strlen(name) + strlen(value) + 2;
1190 	compound = xmalloc(len);
1191 
1192 	snprintf(compound, len, "%s=%s", name, value);
1193 	ret = pam_putenv(sshpam_handle, compound);
1194 	free(compound);
1195 #endif
1196 
1197 	return (ret);
1198 }
1199 
1200 char **
1201 fetch_pam_child_environment(void)
1202 {
1203 	return sshpam_env;
1204 }
1205 
1206 char **
1207 fetch_pam_environment(void)
1208 {
1209 	return (pam_getenvlist(sshpam_handle));
1210 }
1211 
1212 void
1213 free_pam_environment(char **env)
1214 {
1215 	char **envp;
1216 
1217 	if (env == NULL)
1218 		return;
1219 
1220 	for (envp = env; *envp; envp++)
1221 		free(*envp);
1222 	free(env);
1223 }
1224 
1225 /*
1226  * "Blind" conversation function for password authentication.  Assumes that
1227  * echo-off prompts are for the password and stores messages for later
1228  * display.
1229  */
1230 static int
1231 sshpam_passwd_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
1232     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
1233 {
1234 	struct pam_response *reply;
1235 	int r, i;
1236 	size_t len;
1237 
1238 	debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
1239 
1240 	*resp = NULL;
1241 
1242 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
1243 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1244 
1245 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
1246 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1247 
1248 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1249 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
1250 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
1251 			if (sshpam_password == NULL)
1252 				goto fail;
1253 			if ((reply[i].resp = strdup(sshpam_password)) == NULL)
1254 				goto fail;
1255 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1256 			break;
1257 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
1258 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
1259 			len = strlen(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1260 			if (len > 0) {
1261 				if ((r = sshbuf_putf(loginmsg, "%s\n",
1262 				    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg))) != 0)
1263 					fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1264 					    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1265 			}
1266 			if ((reply[i].resp = strdup("")) == NULL)
1267 				goto fail;
1268 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1269 			break;
1270 		default:
1271 			goto fail;
1272 		}
1273 	}
1274 	*resp = reply;
1275 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
1276 
1277  fail:
1278 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1279 		free(reply[i].resp);
1280 	}
1281 	free(reply);
1282 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1283 }
1284 
1285 static struct pam_conv passwd_conv = { sshpam_passwd_conv, NULL };
1286 
1287 /*
1288  * Attempt password authentication via PAM
1289  */
1290 int
1291 sshpam_auth_passwd(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *password)
1292 {
1293 	int flags = (options.permit_empty_passwd == 0 ?
1294 	    PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK : 0);
1295 	char *fake = NULL;
1296 
1297 	if (!options.use_pam || sshpam_handle == NULL)
1298 		fatal("PAM: %s called when PAM disabled or failed to "
1299 		    "initialise.", __func__);
1300 
1301 	sshpam_password = password;
1302 	sshpam_authctxt = authctxt;
1303 
1304 	/*
1305 	 * If the user logging in is invalid, or is root but is not permitted
1306 	 * by PermitRootLogin, use an invalid password to prevent leaking
1307 	 * information via timing (eg if the PAM config has a delay on fail).
1308 	 */
1309 	if (!authctxt->valid || (authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
1310 	    options.permit_root_login != PERMIT_YES))
1311 		sshpam_password = fake = fake_password(password);
1312 
1313 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1314 	    (const void *)&passwd_conv);
1315 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1316 		fatal("PAM: %s: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s", __func__,
1317 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1318 
1319 	sshpam_err = pam_authenticate(sshpam_handle, flags);
1320 	sshpam_password = NULL;
1321 	free(fake);
1322 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_MAXTRIES)
1323 		sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(1);
1324 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS && authctxt->valid) {
1325 		debug("PAM: password authentication accepted for %.100s",
1326 		    authctxt->user);
1327 		return 1;
1328 	} else {
1329 		debug("PAM: password authentication failed for %.100s: %s",
1330 		    authctxt->valid ? authctxt->user : "an illegal user",
1331 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1332 		return 0;
1333 	}
1334 }
1335 
1336 int
1337 sshpam_get_maxtries_reached(void)
1338 {
1339 	return sshpam_maxtries_reached;
1340 }
1341 
1342 void
1343 sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(int reached)
1344 {
1345 	if (reached == 0 || sshpam_maxtries_reached)
1346 		return;
1347 	sshpam_maxtries_reached = 1;
1348 	options.password_authentication = 0;
1349 	options.kbd_interactive_authentication = 0;
1350 	options.challenge_response_authentication = 0;
1351 }
1352 #endif /* USE_PAM */
1353