xref: /freebsd/crypto/openssh/auth-pam.c (revision a9fcb51fbb8d2c5b47a35bcae5b4d5fb771c5985)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
6  * NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc.
7  * under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the
8  * DARPA CHATS research program.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 /*
32  * Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Damien Miller <djm@mindrot.org>
33  * Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Darren Tucker <dtucker@zip.com.au>
34  *
35  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
36  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
37  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
38  *
39  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
40  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
41  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
42  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
43  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
44  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
45  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
46  */
47 
48 /* Based on $FreeBSD: src/crypto/openssh/auth2-pam-freebsd.c,v 1.11 2003/03/31 13:48:18 des Exp $ */
49 #include "includes.h"
50 
51 #include <sys/types.h>
52 #include <sys/stat.h>
53 #include <sys/wait.h>
54 
55 #include <errno.h>
56 #include <signal.h>
57 #include <stdarg.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60 
61 #ifdef USE_PAM
62 #if defined(HAVE_SECURITY_PAM_APPL_H)
63 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
64 #elif defined (HAVE_PAM_PAM_APPL_H)
65 #include <pam/pam_appl.h>
66 #endif
67 
68 /* OpenGroup RFC86.0 and XSSO specify no "const" on arguments */
69 #ifdef PAM_SUN_CODEBASE
70 # define sshpam_const		/* Solaris, HP-UX, AIX */
71 #else
72 # define sshpam_const	const	/* LinuxPAM, OpenPAM */
73 #endif
74 
75 /* Ambiguity in spec: is it an array of pointers or a pointer to an array? */
76 #ifdef PAM_SUN_CODEBASE
77 # define PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, n, member) ((*(msg))[(n)].member)
78 #else
79 # define PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, n, member) ((msg)[(n)]->member)
80 #endif
81 
82 #include "xmalloc.h"
83 #include "buffer.h"
84 #include "key.h"
85 #include "hostfile.h"
86 #include "auth.h"
87 #include "auth-pam.h"
88 #include "canohost.h"
89 #include "log.h"
90 #include "msg.h"
91 #include "packet.h"
92 #include "misc.h"
93 #include "servconf.h"
94 #include "ssh2.h"
95 #include "auth-options.h"
96 #ifdef GSSAPI
97 #include "ssh-gss.h"
98 #endif
99 #include "monitor_wrap.h"
100 
101 extern ServerOptions options;
102 extern Buffer loginmsg;
103 extern int compat20;
104 extern u_int utmp_len;
105 
106 /* so we don't silently change behaviour */
107 #ifdef USE_POSIX_THREADS
108 # error "USE_POSIX_THREADS replaced by UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK"
109 #endif
110 
111 /*
112  * Formerly known as USE_POSIX_THREADS, using this is completely unsupported
113  * and generally a bad idea.  Use at own risk and do not expect support if
114  * this breaks.
115  */
116 #ifdef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
117 #include <pthread.h>
118 /*
119  * Avoid namespace clash when *not* using pthreads for systems *with*
120  * pthreads, which unconditionally define pthread_t via sys/types.h
121  * (e.g. Linux)
122  */
123 typedef pthread_t sp_pthread_t;
124 #else
125 typedef pid_t sp_pthread_t;
126 #endif
127 
128 struct pam_ctxt {
129 	sp_pthread_t	 pam_thread;
130 	int		 pam_psock;
131 	int		 pam_csock;
132 	int		 pam_done;
133 };
134 
135 static void sshpam_free_ctx(void *);
136 static struct pam_ctxt *cleanup_ctxt;
137 
138 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
139 /*
140  * Simulate threads with processes.
141  */
142 
143 static int sshpam_thread_status = -1;
144 static mysig_t sshpam_oldsig;
145 
146 static void
147 sshpam_sigchld_handler(int sig)
148 {
149 	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
150 	if (cleanup_ctxt == NULL)
151 		return;	/* handler called after PAM cleanup, shouldn't happen */
152 	if (waitpid(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, &sshpam_thread_status, WNOHANG)
153 	    <= 0) {
154 		/* PAM thread has not exitted, privsep slave must have */
155 		kill(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, SIGTERM);
156 		if (waitpid(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, &sshpam_thread_status, 0)
157 		    <= 0)
158 			return; /* could not wait */
159 	}
160 	if (WIFSIGNALED(sshpam_thread_status) &&
161 	    WTERMSIG(sshpam_thread_status) == SIGTERM)
162 		return;	/* terminated by pthread_cancel */
163 	if (!WIFEXITED(sshpam_thread_status))
164 		sigdie("PAM: authentication thread exited unexpectedly");
165 	if (WEXITSTATUS(sshpam_thread_status) != 0)
166 		sigdie("PAM: authentication thread exited uncleanly");
167 }
168 
169 /* ARGSUSED */
170 static void
171 pthread_exit(void *value)
172 {
173 	_exit(0);
174 }
175 
176 /* ARGSUSED */
177 static int
178 pthread_create(sp_pthread_t *thread, const void *attr,
179     void *(*thread_start)(void *), void *arg)
180 {
181 	pid_t pid;
182 	struct pam_ctxt *ctx = arg;
183 
184 	sshpam_thread_status = -1;
185 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
186 	case -1:
187 		error("fork(): %s", strerror(errno));
188 		return (-1);
189 	case 0:
190 		close(ctx->pam_psock);
191 		ctx->pam_psock = -1;
192 		thread_start(arg);
193 		_exit(1);
194 	default:
195 		*thread = pid;
196 		close(ctx->pam_csock);
197 		ctx->pam_csock = -1;
198 		sshpam_oldsig = signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_sigchld_handler);
199 		return (0);
200 	}
201 }
202 
203 static int
204 pthread_cancel(sp_pthread_t thread)
205 {
206 	signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_oldsig);
207 	return (kill(thread, SIGTERM));
208 }
209 
210 /* ARGSUSED */
211 static int
212 pthread_join(sp_pthread_t thread, void **value)
213 {
214 	int status;
215 
216 	if (sshpam_thread_status != -1)
217 		return (sshpam_thread_status);
218 	signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_oldsig);
219 	waitpid(thread, &status, 0);
220 	return (status);
221 }
222 #endif
223 
224 
225 static pam_handle_t *sshpam_handle = NULL;
226 static int sshpam_err = 0;
227 static int sshpam_authenticated = 0;
228 static int sshpam_session_open = 0;
229 static int sshpam_cred_established = 0;
230 static int sshpam_account_status = -1;
231 static char **sshpam_env = NULL;
232 static Authctxt *sshpam_authctxt = NULL;
233 static const char *sshpam_password = NULL;
234 static char badpw[] = "\b\n\r\177INCORRECT";
235 
236 /* Some PAM implementations don't implement this */
237 #ifndef HAVE_PAM_GETENVLIST
238 static char **
239 pam_getenvlist(pam_handle_t *pamh)
240 {
241 	/*
242 	 * XXX - If necessary, we can still support envrionment passing
243 	 * for platforms without pam_getenvlist by searching for known
244 	 * env vars (e.g. KRB5CCNAME) from the PAM environment.
245 	 */
246 	 return NULL;
247 }
248 #endif
249 
250 /*
251  * Some platforms, notably Solaris, do not enforce password complexity
252  * rules during pam_chauthtok() if the real uid of the calling process
253  * is 0, on the assumption that it's being called by "passwd" run by root.
254  * This wraps pam_chauthtok and sets/restore the real uid so PAM will do
255  * the right thing.
256  */
257 #ifdef SSHPAM_CHAUTHTOK_NEEDS_RUID
258 static int
259 sshpam_chauthtok_ruid(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags)
260 {
261 	int result;
262 
263 	if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
264 		fatal("PAM: sshpam_authctxt not initialized");
265 	if (setreuid(sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid, -1) == -1)
266 		fatal("%s: setreuid failed: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
267 	result = pam_chauthtok(pamh, flags);
268 	if (setreuid(0, -1) == -1)
269 		fatal("%s: setreuid failed: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
270 	return result;
271 }
272 # define pam_chauthtok(a,b)	(sshpam_chauthtok_ruid((a), (b)))
273 #endif
274 
275 void
276 sshpam_password_change_required(int reqd)
277 {
278 	debug3("%s %d", __func__, reqd);
279 	if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
280 		fatal("%s: PAM authctxt not initialized", __func__);
281 	sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange = reqd;
282 	if (reqd) {
283 		no_port_forwarding_flag |= 2;
284 		no_agent_forwarding_flag |= 2;
285 		no_x11_forwarding_flag |= 2;
286 	} else {
287 		no_port_forwarding_flag &= ~2;
288 		no_agent_forwarding_flag &= ~2;
289 		no_x11_forwarding_flag &= ~2;
290 	}
291 }
292 
293 /* Import regular and PAM environment from subprocess */
294 static void
295 import_environments(Buffer *b)
296 {
297 	char *env;
298 	u_int i, num_env;
299 	int err;
300 
301 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
302 
303 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
304 	/* Import variables set by do_pam_account */
305 	sshpam_account_status = buffer_get_int(b);
306 	sshpam_password_change_required(buffer_get_int(b));
307 
308 	/* Import environment from subprocess */
309 	num_env = buffer_get_int(b);
310 	if (num_env > 1024)
311 		fatal("%s: received %u environment variables, expected <= 1024",
312 		    __func__, num_env);
313 	sshpam_env = xcalloc(num_env + 1, sizeof(*sshpam_env));
314 	debug3("PAM: num env strings %d", num_env);
315 	for(i = 0; i < num_env; i++)
316 		sshpam_env[i] = buffer_get_string(b, NULL);
317 
318 	sshpam_env[num_env] = NULL;
319 
320 	/* Import PAM environment from subprocess */
321 	num_env = buffer_get_int(b);
322 	debug("PAM: num PAM env strings %d", num_env);
323 	for(i = 0; i < num_env; i++) {
324 		env = buffer_get_string(b, NULL);
325 
326 #ifdef HAVE_PAM_PUTENV
327 		/* Errors are not fatal here */
328 		if ((err = pam_putenv(sshpam_handle, env)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
329 			error("PAM: pam_putenv: %s",
330 			    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
331 		}
332 #endif
333 	}
334 #endif
335 }
336 
337 /*
338  * Conversation function for authentication thread.
339  */
340 static int
341 sshpam_thread_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
342     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
343 {
344 	Buffer buffer;
345 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt;
346 	struct pam_response *reply;
347 	int i;
348 
349 	debug3("PAM: %s entering, %d messages", __func__, n);
350 	*resp = NULL;
351 
352 	if (data == NULL) {
353 		error("PAM: conversation function passed a null context");
354 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
355 	}
356 	ctxt = data;
357 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
358 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
359 
360 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
361 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
362 
363 	buffer_init(&buffer);
364 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
365 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
366 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
367 			buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
368 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
369 			if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
370 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), &buffer) == -1)
371 				goto fail;
372 			if (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_csock, &buffer) == -1)
373 				goto fail;
374 			if (buffer_get_char(&buffer) != PAM_AUTHTOK)
375 				goto fail;
376 			reply[i].resp = buffer_get_string(&buffer, NULL);
377 			break;
378 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
379 			buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
380 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
381 			if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
382 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), &buffer) == -1)
383 				goto fail;
384 			if (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_csock, &buffer) == -1)
385 				goto fail;
386 			if (buffer_get_char(&buffer) != PAM_AUTHTOK)
387 				goto fail;
388 			reply[i].resp = buffer_get_string(&buffer, NULL);
389 			break;
390 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
391 			buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
392 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
393 			if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
394 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), &buffer) == -1)
395 				goto fail;
396 			break;
397 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
398 			buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
399 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
400 			if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
401 			    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), &buffer) == -1)
402 				goto fail;
403 			break;
404 		default:
405 			goto fail;
406 		}
407 		buffer_clear(&buffer);
408 	}
409 	buffer_free(&buffer);
410 	*resp = reply;
411 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
412 
413  fail:
414 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
415 		free(reply[i].resp);
416 	}
417 	free(reply);
418 	buffer_free(&buffer);
419 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
420 }
421 
422 /*
423  * Authentication thread.
424  */
425 static void *
426 sshpam_thread(void *ctxtp)
427 {
428 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctxtp;
429 	Buffer buffer;
430 	struct pam_conv sshpam_conv;
431 	int flags = (options.permit_empty_passwd == 0 ?
432 	    PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK : 0);
433 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
434 	extern char **environ;
435 	char **env_from_pam;
436 	u_int i;
437 	const char *pam_user;
438 	const char **ptr_pam_user = &pam_user;
439 	char *tz = getenv("TZ");
440 
441 	sshpam_err = pam_get_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_USER,
442 	    (sshpam_const void **)ptr_pam_user);
443 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
444 		goto auth_fail;
445 
446 	environ[0] = NULL;
447 	if (tz != NULL)
448 		if (setenv("TZ", tz, 1) == -1)
449 			error("PAM: could not set TZ environment: %s",
450 			    strerror(errno));
451 
452 	if (sshpam_authctxt != NULL) {
453 		setproctitle("%s [pam]",
454 		    sshpam_authctxt->valid ? pam_user : "unknown");
455 	}
456 #endif
457 
458 	sshpam_conv.conv = sshpam_thread_conv;
459 	sshpam_conv.appdata_ptr = ctxt;
460 
461 	if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
462 		fatal("%s: PAM authctxt not initialized", __func__);
463 
464 	buffer_init(&buffer);
465 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
466 	    (const void *)&sshpam_conv);
467 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
468 		goto auth_fail;
469 	sshpam_err = pam_authenticate(sshpam_handle, flags);
470 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
471 		goto auth_fail;
472 
473 	if (compat20) {
474 		if (!do_pam_account()) {
475 			sshpam_err = PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED;
476 			goto auth_fail;
477 		}
478 		if (sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange) {
479 			sshpam_err = pam_chauthtok(sshpam_handle,
480 			    PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
481 			if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
482 				goto auth_fail;
483 			sshpam_password_change_required(0);
484 		}
485 	}
486 
487 	buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, "OK");
488 
489 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
490 	/* Export variables set by do_pam_account */
491 	buffer_put_int(&buffer, sshpam_account_status);
492 	buffer_put_int(&buffer, sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange);
493 
494 	/* Export any environment strings set in child */
495 	for(i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++)
496 		; /* Count */
497 	buffer_put_int(&buffer, i);
498 	for(i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++)
499 		buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, environ[i]);
500 
501 	/* Export any environment strings set by PAM in child */
502 	env_from_pam = pam_getenvlist(sshpam_handle);
503 	for(i = 0; env_from_pam != NULL && env_from_pam[i] != NULL; i++)
504 		; /* Count */
505 	buffer_put_int(&buffer, i);
506 	for(i = 0; env_from_pam != NULL && env_from_pam[i] != NULL; i++)
507 		buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, env_from_pam[i]);
508 #endif /* UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK */
509 
510 	/* XXX - can't do much about an error here */
511 	ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, sshpam_err, &buffer);
512 	buffer_free(&buffer);
513 	pthread_exit(NULL);
514 
515  auth_fail:
516 	buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
517 	    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
518 	/* XXX - can't do much about an error here */
519 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED)
520 		ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED, &buffer);
521 	else
522 		ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_AUTH_ERR, &buffer);
523 	buffer_free(&buffer);
524 	pthread_exit(NULL);
525 
526 	return (NULL); /* Avoid warning for non-pthread case */
527 }
528 
529 void
530 sshpam_thread_cleanup(void)
531 {
532 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = cleanup_ctxt;
533 
534 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
535 	if (ctxt != NULL && ctxt->pam_thread != 0) {
536 		pthread_cancel(ctxt->pam_thread);
537 		pthread_join(ctxt->pam_thread, NULL);
538 		close(ctxt->pam_psock);
539 		close(ctxt->pam_csock);
540 		memset(ctxt, 0, sizeof(*ctxt));
541 		cleanup_ctxt = NULL;
542 	}
543 }
544 
545 static int
546 sshpam_null_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
547     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
548 {
549 	debug3("PAM: %s entering, %d messages", __func__, n);
550 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
551 }
552 
553 static struct pam_conv null_conv = { sshpam_null_conv, NULL };
554 
555 static int
556 sshpam_store_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
557     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
558 {
559 	struct pam_response *reply;
560 	int i;
561 	size_t len;
562 
563 	debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
564 	*resp = NULL;
565 
566 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
567 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
568 
569 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
570 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
571 
572 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
573 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
574 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
575 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
576 			len = strlen(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
577 			buffer_append(&loginmsg, PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg), len);
578 			buffer_append(&loginmsg, "\n", 1 );
579 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
580 			break;
581 		default:
582 			goto fail;
583 		}
584 	}
585 	*resp = reply;
586 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
587 
588  fail:
589 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
590 		free(reply[i].resp);
591 	}
592 	free(reply);
593 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
594 }
595 
596 static struct pam_conv store_conv = { sshpam_store_conv, NULL };
597 
598 void
599 sshpam_cleanup(void)
600 {
601 	if (sshpam_handle == NULL || (use_privsep && !mm_is_monitor()))
602 		return;
603 	debug("PAM: cleanup");
604 	pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV, (const void *)&null_conv);
605 	if (sshpam_session_open) {
606 		debug("PAM: closing session");
607 		pam_close_session(sshpam_handle, PAM_SILENT);
608 		sshpam_session_open = 0;
609 	}
610 	if (sshpam_cred_established) {
611 		debug("PAM: deleting credentials");
612 		pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_DELETE_CRED);
613 		sshpam_cred_established = 0;
614 	}
615 	sshpam_authenticated = 0;
616 	pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
617 	sshpam_handle = NULL;
618 }
619 
620 static int
621 sshpam_init(Authctxt *authctxt)
622 {
623 	extern char *__progname;
624 	const char *pam_rhost, *pam_user, *user = authctxt->user;
625 	const char **ptr_pam_user = &pam_user;
626 
627 	if (sshpam_handle != NULL) {
628 		/* We already have a PAM context; check if the user matches */
629 		sshpam_err = pam_get_item(sshpam_handle,
630 		    PAM_USER, (sshpam_const void **)ptr_pam_user);
631 		if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS && strcmp(user, pam_user) == 0)
632 			return (0);
633 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
634 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
635 	}
636 	debug("PAM: initializing for \"%s\"", user);
637 	sshpam_err =
638 	    pam_start(SSHD_PAM_SERVICE, user, &store_conv, &sshpam_handle);
639 	sshpam_authctxt = authctxt;
640 
641 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
642 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
643 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
644 		return (-1);
645 	}
646 	pam_rhost = get_remote_name_or_ip(utmp_len, options.use_dns);
647 	debug("PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to \"%s\"", pam_rhost);
648 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_RHOST, pam_rhost);
649 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
650 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
651 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
652 		return (-1);
653 	}
654 #ifdef PAM_TTY_KLUDGE
655 	/*
656 	 * Some silly PAM modules (e.g. pam_time) require a TTY to operate.
657 	 * sshd doesn't set the tty until too late in the auth process and
658 	 * may not even set one (for tty-less connections)
659 	 */
660 	debug("PAM: setting PAM_TTY to \"ssh\"");
661 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_TTY, "ssh");
662 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
663 		pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
664 		sshpam_handle = NULL;
665 		return (-1);
666 	}
667 #endif
668 	return (0);
669 }
670 
671 static void *
672 sshpam_init_ctx(Authctxt *authctxt)
673 {
674 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt;
675 	int socks[2];
676 
677 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
678 	/*
679 	 * Refuse to start if we don't have PAM enabled or do_pam_account
680 	 * has previously failed.
681 	 */
682 	if (!options.use_pam || sshpam_account_status == 0)
683 		return NULL;
684 
685 	/* Initialize PAM */
686 	if (sshpam_init(authctxt) == -1) {
687 		error("PAM: initialization failed");
688 		return (NULL);
689 	}
690 
691 	ctxt = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ctxt);
692 
693 	/* Start the authentication thread */
694 	if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC, socks) == -1) {
695 		error("PAM: failed create sockets: %s", strerror(errno));
696 		free(ctxt);
697 		return (NULL);
698 	}
699 	ctxt->pam_psock = socks[0];
700 	ctxt->pam_csock = socks[1];
701 	if (pthread_create(&ctxt->pam_thread, NULL, sshpam_thread, ctxt) == -1) {
702 		error("PAM: failed to start authentication thread: %s",
703 		    strerror(errno));
704 		close(socks[0]);
705 		close(socks[1]);
706 		free(ctxt);
707 		return (NULL);
708 	}
709 	cleanup_ctxt = ctxt;
710 	return (ctxt);
711 }
712 
713 static int
714 sshpam_query(void *ctx, char **name, char **info,
715     u_int *num, char ***prompts, u_int **echo_on)
716 {
717 	Buffer buffer;
718 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctx;
719 	size_t plen;
720 	u_char type;
721 	char *msg;
722 	size_t len, mlen;
723 
724 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
725 	buffer_init(&buffer);
726 	*name = xstrdup("");
727 	*info = xstrdup("");
728 	*prompts = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
729 	**prompts = NULL;
730 	plen = 0;
731 	*echo_on = xmalloc(sizeof(u_int));
732 	while (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_psock, &buffer) == 0) {
733 		type = buffer_get_char(&buffer);
734 		msg = buffer_get_string(&buffer, NULL);
735 		mlen = strlen(msg);
736 		switch (type) {
737 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
738 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
739 			*num = 1;
740 			len = plen + mlen + 1;
741 			**prompts = xrealloc(**prompts, 1, len);
742 			strlcpy(**prompts + plen, msg, len - plen);
743 			plen += mlen;
744 			**echo_on = (type == PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON);
745 			free(msg);
746 			return (0);
747 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
748 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
749 			/* accumulate messages */
750 			len = plen + mlen + 2;
751 			**prompts = xrealloc(**prompts, 1, len);
752 			strlcpy(**prompts + plen, msg, len - plen);
753 			plen += mlen;
754 			strlcat(**prompts + plen, "\n", len - plen);
755 			plen++;
756 			free(msg);
757 			break;
758 		case PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED:
759 			sshpam_account_status = 0;
760 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
761 		case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
762 			debug3("PAM: %s", pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, type));
763 			if (**prompts != NULL && strlen(**prompts) != 0) {
764 				*info = **prompts;
765 				**prompts = NULL;
766 				*num = 0;
767 				**echo_on = 0;
768 				ctxt->pam_done = -1;
769 				free(msg);
770 				return 0;
771 			}
772 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
773 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
774 			if (**prompts != NULL) {
775 				/* drain any accumulated messages */
776 				debug("PAM: %s", **prompts);
777 				buffer_append(&loginmsg, **prompts,
778 				    strlen(**prompts));
779 				free(**prompts);
780 				**prompts = NULL;
781 			}
782 			if (type == PAM_SUCCESS) {
783 				if (!sshpam_authctxt->valid ||
784 				    (sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
785 				    options.permit_root_login != PERMIT_YES))
786 					fatal("Internal error: PAM auth "
787 					    "succeeded when it should have "
788 					    "failed");
789 				import_environments(&buffer);
790 				*num = 0;
791 				**echo_on = 0;
792 				ctxt->pam_done = 1;
793 				free(msg);
794 				return (0);
795 			}
796 			error("PAM: %s for %s%.100s from %.100s", msg,
797 			    sshpam_authctxt->valid ? "" : "illegal user ",
798 			    sshpam_authctxt->user,
799 			    get_remote_name_or_ip(utmp_len, options.use_dns));
800 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
801 		default:
802 			*num = 0;
803 			**echo_on = 0;
804 			free(msg);
805 			ctxt->pam_done = -1;
806 			return (-1);
807 		}
808 	}
809 	return (-1);
810 }
811 
812 /* XXX - see also comment in auth-chall.c:verify_response */
813 static int
814 sshpam_respond(void *ctx, u_int num, char **resp)
815 {
816 	Buffer buffer;
817 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctx;
818 
819 	debug2("PAM: %s entering, %u responses", __func__, num);
820 	switch (ctxt->pam_done) {
821 	case 1:
822 		sshpam_authenticated = 1;
823 		return (0);
824 	case 0:
825 		break;
826 	default:
827 		return (-1);
828 	}
829 	if (num != 1) {
830 		error("PAM: expected one response, got %u", num);
831 		return (-1);
832 	}
833 	buffer_init(&buffer);
834 	if (sshpam_authctxt->valid &&
835 	    (sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid != 0 ||
836 	    options.permit_root_login == PERMIT_YES))
837 		buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, *resp);
838 	else
839 		buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, badpw);
840 	if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_psock, PAM_AUTHTOK, &buffer) == -1) {
841 		buffer_free(&buffer);
842 		return (-1);
843 	}
844 	buffer_free(&buffer);
845 	return (1);
846 }
847 
848 static void
849 sshpam_free_ctx(void *ctxtp)
850 {
851 	struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctxtp;
852 
853 	debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
854 	sshpam_thread_cleanup();
855 	free(ctxt);
856 	/*
857 	 * We don't call sshpam_cleanup() here because we may need the PAM
858 	 * handle at a later stage, e.g. when setting up a session.  It's
859 	 * still on the cleanup list, so pam_end() *will* be called before
860 	 * the server process terminates.
861 	 */
862 }
863 
864 KbdintDevice sshpam_device = {
865 	"pam",
866 	sshpam_init_ctx,
867 	sshpam_query,
868 	sshpam_respond,
869 	sshpam_free_ctx
870 };
871 
872 KbdintDevice mm_sshpam_device = {
873 	"pam",
874 	mm_sshpam_init_ctx,
875 	mm_sshpam_query,
876 	mm_sshpam_respond,
877 	mm_sshpam_free_ctx
878 };
879 
880 /*
881  * This replaces auth-pam.c
882  */
883 void
884 start_pam(Authctxt *authctxt)
885 {
886 	if (!options.use_pam)
887 		fatal("PAM: initialisation requested when UsePAM=no");
888 
889 	if (sshpam_init(authctxt) == -1)
890 		fatal("PAM: initialisation failed");
891 }
892 
893 void
894 finish_pam(void)
895 {
896 	sshpam_cleanup();
897 }
898 
899 u_int
900 do_pam_account(void)
901 {
902 	debug("%s: called", __func__);
903 	if (sshpam_account_status != -1)
904 		return (sshpam_account_status);
905 
906 	sshpam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(sshpam_handle, 0);
907 	debug3("PAM: %s pam_acct_mgmt = %d (%s)", __func__, sshpam_err,
908 	    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
909 
910 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS && sshpam_err != PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD) {
911 		sshpam_account_status = 0;
912 		return (sshpam_account_status);
913 	}
914 
915 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD)
916 		sshpam_password_change_required(1);
917 
918 	sshpam_account_status = 1;
919 	return (sshpam_account_status);
920 }
921 
922 void
923 do_pam_set_tty(const char *tty)
924 {
925 	if (tty != NULL) {
926 		debug("PAM: setting PAM_TTY to \"%s\"", tty);
927 		sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_TTY, tty);
928 		if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
929 			fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_TTY: %s",
930 			    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
931 	}
932 }
933 
934 void
935 do_pam_setcred(int init)
936 {
937 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
938 	    (const void *)&store_conv);
939 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
940 		fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
941 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
942 	if (init) {
943 		debug("PAM: establishing credentials");
944 		sshpam_err = pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
945 	} else {
946 		debug("PAM: reinitializing credentials");
947 		sshpam_err = pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED);
948 	}
949 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
950 		sshpam_cred_established = 1;
951 		return;
952 	}
953 	if (sshpam_authenticated)
954 		fatal("PAM: pam_setcred(): %s",
955 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
956 	else
957 		debug("PAM: pam_setcred(): %s",
958 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
959 }
960 
961 static int
962 sshpam_tty_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
963     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
964 {
965 	char input[PAM_MAX_MSG_SIZE];
966 	struct pam_response *reply;
967 	int i;
968 
969 	debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
970 
971 	*resp = NULL;
972 
973 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
974 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
975 
976 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
977 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
978 
979 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
980 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
981 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
982 			reply[i].resp =
983 			    read_passphrase(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg),
984 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
985 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
986 			break;
987 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
988 			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
989 			if (fgets(input, sizeof input, stdin) == NULL)
990 				input[0] = '\0';
991 			if ((reply[i].resp = strdup(input)) == NULL)
992 				goto fail;
993 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
994 			break;
995 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
996 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
997 			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
998 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
999 			break;
1000 		default:
1001 			goto fail;
1002 		}
1003 	}
1004 	*resp = reply;
1005 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
1006 
1007  fail:
1008 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1009 		free(reply[i].resp);
1010 	}
1011 	free(reply);
1012 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1013 }
1014 
1015 static struct pam_conv tty_conv = { sshpam_tty_conv, NULL };
1016 
1017 /*
1018  * XXX this should be done in the authentication phase, but ssh1 doesn't
1019  * support that
1020  */
1021 void
1022 do_pam_chauthtok(void)
1023 {
1024 	if (use_privsep)
1025 		fatal("Password expired (unable to change with privsep)");
1026 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1027 	    (const void *)&tty_conv);
1028 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1029 		fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1030 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1031 	debug("PAM: changing password");
1032 	sshpam_err = pam_chauthtok(sshpam_handle, PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
1033 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1034 		fatal("PAM: pam_chauthtok(): %s",
1035 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1036 }
1037 
1038 void
1039 do_pam_session(void)
1040 {
1041 	debug3("PAM: opening session");
1042 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1043 	    (const void *)&store_conv);
1044 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1045 		fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1046 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1047 	sshpam_err = pam_open_session(sshpam_handle, 0);
1048 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
1049 		sshpam_session_open = 1;
1050 	else {
1051 		sshpam_session_open = 0;
1052 		disable_forwarding();
1053 		error("PAM: pam_open_session(): %s",
1054 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1055 	}
1056 
1057 }
1058 
1059 int
1060 is_pam_session_open(void)
1061 {
1062 	return sshpam_session_open;
1063 }
1064 
1065 /*
1066  * Set a PAM environment string. We need to do this so that the session
1067  * modules can handle things like Kerberos/GSI credentials that appear
1068  * during the ssh authentication process.
1069  */
1070 int
1071 do_pam_putenv(char *name, char *value)
1072 {
1073 	int ret = 1;
1074 #ifdef HAVE_PAM_PUTENV
1075 	char *compound;
1076 	size_t len;
1077 
1078 	len = strlen(name) + strlen(value) + 2;
1079 	compound = xmalloc(len);
1080 
1081 	snprintf(compound, len, "%s=%s", name, value);
1082 	ret = pam_putenv(sshpam_handle, compound);
1083 	free(compound);
1084 #endif
1085 
1086 	return (ret);
1087 }
1088 
1089 char **
1090 fetch_pam_child_environment(void)
1091 {
1092 	return sshpam_env;
1093 }
1094 
1095 char **
1096 fetch_pam_environment(void)
1097 {
1098 	return (pam_getenvlist(sshpam_handle));
1099 }
1100 
1101 void
1102 free_pam_environment(char **env)
1103 {
1104 	char **envp;
1105 
1106 	if (env == NULL)
1107 		return;
1108 
1109 	for (envp = env; *envp; envp++)
1110 		free(*envp);
1111 	free(env);
1112 }
1113 
1114 /*
1115  * "Blind" conversation function for password authentication.  Assumes that
1116  * echo-off prompts are for the password and stores messages for later
1117  * display.
1118  */
1119 static int
1120 sshpam_passwd_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
1121     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
1122 {
1123 	struct pam_response *reply;
1124 	int i;
1125 	size_t len;
1126 
1127 	debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
1128 
1129 	*resp = NULL;
1130 
1131 	if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
1132 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1133 
1134 	if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
1135 		return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1136 
1137 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1138 		switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
1139 		case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
1140 			if (sshpam_password == NULL)
1141 				goto fail;
1142 			if ((reply[i].resp = strdup(sshpam_password)) == NULL)
1143 				goto fail;
1144 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1145 			break;
1146 		case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
1147 		case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
1148 			len = strlen(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1149 			if (len > 0) {
1150 				buffer_append(&loginmsg,
1151 				    PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg), len);
1152 				buffer_append(&loginmsg, "\n", 1);
1153 			}
1154 			if ((reply[i].resp = strdup("")) == NULL)
1155 				goto fail;
1156 			reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1157 			break;
1158 		default:
1159 			goto fail;
1160 		}
1161 	}
1162 	*resp = reply;
1163 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
1164 
1165  fail:
1166 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1167 		free(reply[i].resp);
1168 	}
1169 	free(reply);
1170 	return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1171 }
1172 
1173 static struct pam_conv passwd_conv = { sshpam_passwd_conv, NULL };
1174 
1175 /*
1176  * Attempt password authentication via PAM
1177  */
1178 int
1179 sshpam_auth_passwd(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *password)
1180 {
1181 	int flags = (options.permit_empty_passwd == 0 ?
1182 	    PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK : 0);
1183 
1184 	if (!options.use_pam || sshpam_handle == NULL)
1185 		fatal("PAM: %s called when PAM disabled or failed to "
1186 		    "initialise.", __func__);
1187 
1188 	sshpam_password = password;
1189 	sshpam_authctxt = authctxt;
1190 
1191 	/*
1192 	 * If the user logging in is invalid, or is root but is not permitted
1193 	 * by PermitRootLogin, use an invalid password to prevent leaking
1194 	 * information via timing (eg if the PAM config has a delay on fail).
1195 	 */
1196 	if (!authctxt->valid || (authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
1197 	    options.permit_root_login != PERMIT_YES))
1198 		sshpam_password = badpw;
1199 
1200 	sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1201 	    (const void *)&passwd_conv);
1202 	if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1203 		fatal("PAM: %s: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s", __func__,
1204 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1205 
1206 	sshpam_err = pam_authenticate(sshpam_handle, flags);
1207 	sshpam_password = NULL;
1208 	if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS && authctxt->valid) {
1209 		debug("PAM: password authentication accepted for %.100s",
1210 		    authctxt->user);
1211 		return 1;
1212 	} else {
1213 		debug("PAM: password authentication failed for %.100s: %s",
1214 		    authctxt->valid ? authctxt->user : "an illegal user",
1215 		    pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1216 		return 0;
1217 	}
1218 }
1219 #endif /* USE_PAM */
1220