11. Prerequisites 2---------------- 3 4You will need working installations of Zlib and OpenSSL. 5 6Zlib: 7http://www.gzip.org/zlib/ 8 9OpenSSL 0.9.6 or greater: 10http://www.openssl.org/ 11 12(OpenSSL 0.9.5a is partially supported, but some ciphers (SSH protocol 1 13Blowfish included) do not work correctly.) 14 15RPMs of OpenSSL are available at http://violet.ibs.com.au/openssh/files/support. 16For Red Hat Linux 6.2, they have been released as errata. RHL7 includes 17these. 18 19OpenSSH can utilise Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) if your system 20supports it. PAM is standard on Redhat and Debian Linux, Solaris and 21HP-UX 11. 22 23NB. If you operating system supports /dev/random, you should configure 24OpenSSL to use it. OpenSSH relies on OpenSSL's direct support of 25/dev/random. If you don't you will have to rely on ssh-rand-helper, which 26is inferior to a good kernel-based solution. 27 28PAM: 29http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/ 30 31If you wish to build the GNOME passphrase requester, you will need the GNOME 32libraries and headers. 33 34GNOME: 35http://www.gnome.org/ 36 37Alternatively, Jim Knoble <jmknoble@jmknoble.cx> has written an excellent X11 38passphrase requester. This is maintained separately at: 39 40http://www.ntrnet.net/~jmknoble/software/x11-ssh-askpass/index.html 41 42PRNGD: 43 44If your system lacks Kernel based random collection, the use of Lutz 45Jaenicke's PRNGd is recommended. 46 47http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html 48 49EGD: 50 51The Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) is supported if you have a system which 52lacks /dev/random and don't want to use OpenSSH's internal entropy collection. 53 54http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/ 55 56S/Key Libraries: 57http://www.sparc.spb.su/solaris/skey/ 58 59If you wish to use --with-skey then you will need the above library 60installed. No other current S/Key library is currently known to be 61supported. 62 632. Building / Installation 64-------------------------- 65 66To install OpenSSH with default options: 67 68./configure 69make 70make install 71 72This will install the OpenSSH binaries in /usr/local/bin, configuration files 73in /usr/local/etc, the server in /usr/local/sbin, etc. To specify a different 74installation prefix, use the --prefix option to configure: 75 76./configure --prefix=/opt 77make 78make install 79 80Will install OpenSSH in /opt/{bin,etc,lib,sbin}. You can also override 81specific paths, for example: 82 83./configure --prefix=/opt --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh 84make 85make install 86 87This will install the binaries in /opt/{bin,lib,sbin}, but will place the 88configuration files in /etc/ssh. 89 90If you are using PAM, you may need to manually install a PAM control 91file as "/etc/pam.d/sshd" (or wherever your system prefers to keep 92them). Note that the service name used to start PAM is __progname, 93which is the basename of the path of your sshd (e.g., the service name 94for /usr/sbin/osshd will be osshd). If you have renamed your sshd 95executable, your PAM configuration may need to be modified. 96 97A generic PAM configuration is included as "contrib/sshd.pam.generic", 98you may need to edit it before using it on your system. If you are 99using a recent version of Red Hat Linux, the config file in 100contrib/redhat/sshd.pam should be more useful. Failure to install a 101valid PAM file may result in an inability to use password 102authentication. On HP-UX 11 and Solaris, the standard /etc/pam.conf 103configuration will work with sshd (sshd will match the other service 104name). 105 106There are a few other options to the configure script: 107 108--with-pam enables PAM support. 109 110--enable-gnome-askpass will build the GNOME passphrase dialog. You 111need a working installation of GNOME, including the development 112headers, for this to work. 113 114--with-prngd-socket=/some/file allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD 115support and to specify a PRNGd socket. Use this if your Unix lacks 116/dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy 117collection support. 118 119--with-prngd-port=portnum allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD support 120and to specify a EGD localhost TCP port. Use this if your Unix lacks 121/dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy 122collection support. 123 124--with-lastlog=FILE will specify the location of the lastlog file. 125./configure searches a few locations for lastlog, but may not find 126it if lastlog is installed in a different place. 127 128--without-lastlog will disable lastlog support entirely. 129 130--with-sia, --without-sia will enable or disable OSF1's Security 131Integration Architecture. The default for OSF1 machines is enable. 132 133--with-kerberos4=PATH will enable Kerberos IV support. You will need 134to have the Kerberos libraries and header files installed for this 135to work. Use the optional PATH argument to specify the root of your 136Kerberos installation. 137 138--with-afs=PATH will enable AFS support. You will need to have the 139Kerberos IV and the AFS libraries and header files installed for this 140to work. Use the optional PATH argument to specify the root of your 141AFS installation. AFS requires Kerberos support to be enabled. 142 143--with-skey=PATH will enable S/Key one time password support. You will 144need the S/Key libraries and header files installed for this to work. 145 146--with-tcp-wrappers will enable TCP Wrappers (/etc/hosts.allow|deny) 147support. You will need libwrap.a and tcpd.h installed. 148 149--with-md5-passwords will enable the use of MD5 passwords. Enable this 150if your operating system uses MD5 passwords without using PAM. 151 152--with-utmpx enables utmpx support. utmpx support is automatic for 153some platforms. 154 155--without-shadow disables shadow password support. 156 157--with-ipaddr-display forces the use of a numeric IP address in the 158$DISPLAY environment variable. Some broken systems need this. 159 160--with-default-path=PATH allows you to specify a default $PATH for sessions 161started by sshd. This replaces the standard path entirely. 162 163--with-pid-dir=PATH specifies the directory in which the ssh.pid file is 164created. 165 166--with-xauth=PATH specifies the location of the xauth binary 167 168--with-ipv4-default instructs OpenSSH to use IPv4 by default for new 169connections. Normally OpenSSH will try attempt to lookup both IPv6 and 170IPv4 addresses. On Linux/glibc-2.1.2 this causes long delays in name 171resolution. If this option is specified, you can still attempt to 172connect to IPv6 addresses using the command line option '-6'. 173 174--with-ssl-dir=DIR allows you to specify where your OpenSSL libraries 175are installed. 176 177--with-4in6 Check for IPv4 in IPv6 mapped addresses and convert them to 178real (AF_INET) IPv4 addresses. Works around some quirks on Linux. 179 180--with-opensc=DIR 181--with-sectok=DIR allows for OpenSC or sectok smartcard libraries to 182be used with OpenSSH. See 'README.smartcard' for more details. 183 184If you need to pass special options to the compiler or linker, you 185can specify these as environment variables before running ./configure. 186For example: 187 188CFLAGS="-O -m486" LDFLAGS="-s" LIBS="-lrubbish" LD="/usr/foo/ld" ./configure 189 1903. Configuration 191---------------- 192 193The runtime configuration files are installed by in ${prefix}/etc or 194whatever you specified as your --sysconfdir (/usr/local/etc by default). 195 196The default configuration should be instantly usable, though you should 197review it to ensure that it matches your security requirements. 198 199To generate a host key, run "make host-key". Alternately you can do so 200manually using the following commands: 201 202 ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N "" 203 ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" 204 ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N "" 205 206Replacing /etc/ssh with the correct path to the configuration directory. 207(${prefix}/etc or whatever you specified with --sysconfdir during 208configuration) 209 210If you have configured OpenSSH with EGD support, ensure that EGD is 211running and has collected some Entropy. 212 213For more information on configuration, please refer to the manual pages 214for sshd, ssh and ssh-agent. 215 2164. Problems? 217------------ 218 219If you experience problems compiling, installing or running OpenSSH. 220Please refer to the "reporting bugs" section of the webpage at 221http://www.openssh.com/ 222 223 224$Id: INSTALL,v 1.54 2002/06/24 16:26:49 stevesk Exp $ 225