xref: /freebsd/contrib/xz/src/liblzma/lzma/lzma_common.h (revision 8a802df1de2d77fd0a62996bd785ca3f1326887f)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: 0BSD
2 
3 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
4 //
5 /// \file       lzma_common.h
6 /// \brief      Private definitions common to LZMA encoder and decoder
7 ///
8 //  Authors:    Igor Pavlov
9 //              Lasse Collin
10 //
11 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
12 
13 #ifndef LZMA_LZMA_COMMON_H
14 #define LZMA_LZMA_COMMON_H
15 
16 #include "common.h"
17 #include "range_common.h"
18 
19 
20 ///////////////////
21 // Miscellaneous //
22 ///////////////////
23 
24 /// Maximum number of position states. A position state is the lowest pos bits
25 /// number of bits of the current uncompressed offset. In some places there
26 /// are different sets of probabilities for different pos states.
27 #define POS_STATES_MAX (1 << LZMA_PB_MAX)
28 
29 
30 /// Validates lc, lp, and pb.
31 static inline bool
32 is_lclppb_valid(const lzma_options_lzma *options)
33 {
34 	return options->lc <= LZMA_LCLP_MAX && options->lp <= LZMA_LCLP_MAX
35 			&& options->lc + options->lp <= LZMA_LCLP_MAX
36 			&& options->pb <= LZMA_PB_MAX;
37 }
38 
39 
40 ///////////
41 // State //
42 ///////////
43 
44 /// This enum is used to track which events have occurred most recently and
45 /// in which order. This information is used to predict the next event.
46 ///
47 /// Events:
48 ///  - Literal: One 8-bit byte
49 ///  - Match: Repeat a chunk of data at some distance
50 ///  - Long repeat: Multi-byte match at a recently seen distance
51 ///  - Short repeat: One-byte repeat at a recently seen distance
52 ///
53 /// The event names are in from STATE_oldest_older_previous. REP means
54 /// either short or long repeated match, and NONLIT means any non-literal.
55 typedef enum {
56 	STATE_LIT_LIT,
57 	STATE_MATCH_LIT_LIT,
58 	STATE_REP_LIT_LIT,
59 	STATE_SHORTREP_LIT_LIT,
60 	STATE_MATCH_LIT,
61 	STATE_REP_LIT,
62 	STATE_SHORTREP_LIT,
63 	STATE_LIT_MATCH,
64 	STATE_LIT_LONGREP,
65 	STATE_LIT_SHORTREP,
66 	STATE_NONLIT_MATCH,
67 	STATE_NONLIT_REP,
68 } lzma_lzma_state;
69 
70 
71 /// Total number of states
72 #define STATES 12
73 
74 /// The lowest 7 states indicate that the previous state was a literal.
75 #define LIT_STATES 7
76 
77 
78 /// Indicate that the latest state was a literal.
79 #define update_literal(state) \
80 	state = ((state) <= STATE_SHORTREP_LIT_LIT \
81 			? STATE_LIT_LIT \
82 			: ((state) <= STATE_LIT_SHORTREP \
83 				? (state) - 3 \
84 				: (state) - 6))
85 
86 /// Like update_literal(state) but when it is already known that
87 /// is_literal_state(state) is true.
88 #define update_literal_normal(state) \
89 	state = ((state) <= STATE_SHORTREP_LIT_LIT \
90 			? STATE_LIT_LIT \
91 			: (state) - 3);
92 
93 /// Like update_literal(state) but when it is already known that
94 /// is_literal_state(state) is false.
95 #define update_literal_matched(state) \
96 	state = ((state) <= STATE_LIT_SHORTREP \
97 			? (state) - 3 \
98 			: (state) - 6);
99 
100 /// Indicate that the latest state was a match.
101 #define update_match(state) \
102 	state = ((state) < LIT_STATES ? STATE_LIT_MATCH : STATE_NONLIT_MATCH)
103 
104 /// Indicate that the latest state was a long repeated match.
105 #define update_long_rep(state) \
106 	state = ((state) < LIT_STATES ? STATE_LIT_LONGREP : STATE_NONLIT_REP)
107 
108 /// Indicate that the latest state was a short match.
109 #define update_short_rep(state) \
110 	state = ((state) < LIT_STATES ? STATE_LIT_SHORTREP : STATE_NONLIT_REP)
111 
112 /// Test if the previous state was a literal.
113 #define is_literal_state(state) \
114 	((state) < LIT_STATES)
115 
116 
117 /////////////
118 // Literal //
119 /////////////
120 
121 /// Each literal coder is divided in three sections:
122 ///   - 0x001-0x0FF: Without match byte
123 ///   - 0x101-0x1FF: With match byte; match bit is 0
124 ///   - 0x201-0x2FF: With match byte; match bit is 1
125 ///
126 /// Match byte is used when the previous LZMA symbol was something else than
127 /// a literal (that is, it was some kind of match).
128 #define LITERAL_CODER_SIZE UINT32_C(0x300)
129 
130 /// Maximum number of literal coders
131 #define LITERAL_CODERS_MAX (1 << LZMA_LCLP_MAX)
132 
133 /// Calculates the literal_mask that literal_subcoder() needs.
134 #define literal_mask_calc(lc, lp) \
135 	((UINT32_C(0x100) << (lp)) - (UINT32_C(0x100) >> (lc)))
136 
137 /// Locate the literal coder for the next literal byte. The choice depends on
138 ///   - the lowest literal_pos_bits bits of the position of the current
139 ///     byte; and
140 ///   - the highest literal_context_bits bits of the previous byte.
141 #define literal_subcoder(probs, lc, literal_mask, pos, prev_byte) \
142 	((probs) + UINT32_C(3) * \
143 		(((((pos) << 8) + (prev_byte)) & (literal_mask)) << (lc)))
144 
145 
146 static inline void
147 literal_init(probability *probs, uint32_t lc, uint32_t lp)
148 {
149 	assert(lc + lp <= LZMA_LCLP_MAX);
150 
151 	const size_t coders = LITERAL_CODER_SIZE << (lc + lp);
152 
153 	for (size_t i = 0; i < coders; ++i)
154 		bit_reset(probs[i]);
155 
156 	return;
157 }
158 
159 
160 //////////////////
161 // Match length //
162 //////////////////
163 
164 // Minimum length of a match is two bytes.
165 #define MATCH_LEN_MIN 2
166 
167 // Match length is encoded with 4, 5, or 10 bits.
168 //
169 // Length   Bits
170 //  2-9      4 = Choice=0 + 3 bits
171 // 10-17     5 = Choice=1 + Choice2=0 + 3 bits
172 // 18-273   10 = Choice=1 + Choice2=1 + 8 bits
173 #define LEN_LOW_BITS 3
174 #define LEN_LOW_SYMBOLS (1 << LEN_LOW_BITS)
175 #define LEN_MID_BITS 3
176 #define LEN_MID_SYMBOLS (1 << LEN_MID_BITS)
177 #define LEN_HIGH_BITS 8
178 #define LEN_HIGH_SYMBOLS (1 << LEN_HIGH_BITS)
179 #define LEN_SYMBOLS (LEN_LOW_SYMBOLS + LEN_MID_SYMBOLS + LEN_HIGH_SYMBOLS)
180 
181 // Maximum length of a match is 273 which is a result of the encoding
182 // described above.
183 #define MATCH_LEN_MAX (MATCH_LEN_MIN + LEN_SYMBOLS - 1)
184 
185 
186 ////////////////////
187 // Match distance //
188 ////////////////////
189 
190 // Different sets of probabilities are used for match distances that have very
191 // short match length: Lengths of 2, 3, and 4 bytes have a separate set of
192 // probabilities for each length. The matches with longer length use a shared
193 // set of probabilities.
194 #define DIST_STATES 4
195 
196 // Macro to get the index of the appropriate probability array.
197 #define get_dist_state(len) \
198 	((len) < DIST_STATES + MATCH_LEN_MIN \
199 		? (len) - MATCH_LEN_MIN \
200 		: DIST_STATES - 1)
201 
202 // The highest two bits of a match distance (distance slot) are encoded
203 // using six bits. See fastpos.h for more explanation.
204 #define DIST_SLOT_BITS 6
205 #define DIST_SLOTS (1 << DIST_SLOT_BITS)
206 
207 // Match distances up to 127 are fully encoded using probabilities. Since
208 // the highest two bits (distance slot) are always encoded using six bits,
209 // the distances 0-3 don't need any additional bits to encode, since the
210 // distance slot itself is the same as the actual distance. DIST_MODEL_START
211 // indicates the first distance slot where at least one additional bit is
212 // needed.
213 #define DIST_MODEL_START 4
214 
215 // Match distances greater than 127 are encoded in three pieces:
216 //   - distance slot: the highest two bits
217 //   - direct bits: 2-26 bits below the highest two bits
218 //   - alignment bits: four lowest bits
219 //
220 // Direct bits don't use any probabilities.
221 //
222 // The distance slot value of 14 is for distances 128-191 (see the table in
223 // fastpos.h to understand why).
224 #define DIST_MODEL_END 14
225 
226 // Distance slots that indicate a distance <= 127.
227 #define FULL_DISTANCES_BITS (DIST_MODEL_END / 2)
228 #define FULL_DISTANCES (1 << FULL_DISTANCES_BITS)
229 
230 // For match distances greater than 127, only the highest two bits and the
231 // lowest four bits (alignment) is encoded using probabilities.
232 #define ALIGN_BITS 4
233 #define ALIGN_SIZE (1 << ALIGN_BITS)
234 #define ALIGN_MASK (ALIGN_SIZE - 1)
235 
236 // LZMA remembers the four most recent match distances. Reusing these distances
237 // tends to take less space than re-encoding the actual distance value.
238 #define REPS 4
239 
240 #endif
241