1 /* 2 * Wi-Fi Protected Setup 3 * Copyright (c) 2007-2009, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi> 4 * 5 * This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license. 6 * See README for more details. 7 */ 8 9 #include "includes.h" 10 11 #include "common.h" 12 #include "crypto/dh_group5.h" 13 #include "common/ieee802_11_defs.h" 14 #include "wps_i.h" 15 #include "wps_dev_attr.h" 16 17 18 #ifdef CONFIG_WPS_TESTING 19 int wps_version_number = 0x20; 20 int wps_testing_dummy_cred = 0; 21 int wps_corrupt_pkhash = 0; 22 #endif /* CONFIG_WPS_TESTING */ 23 24 25 /** 26 * wps_init - Initialize WPS Registration protocol data 27 * @cfg: WPS configuration 28 * Returns: Pointer to allocated data or %NULL on failure 29 * 30 * This function is used to initialize WPS data for a registration protocol 31 * instance (i.e., each run of registration protocol as a Registrar of 32 * Enrollee. The caller is responsible for freeing this data after the 33 * registration run has been completed by calling wps_deinit(). 34 */ 35 struct wps_data * wps_init(const struct wps_config *cfg) 36 { 37 struct wps_data *data = os_zalloc(sizeof(*data)); 38 if (data == NULL) 39 return NULL; 40 data->wps = cfg->wps; 41 data->registrar = cfg->registrar; 42 if (cfg->registrar) { 43 os_memcpy(data->uuid_r, cfg->wps->uuid, WPS_UUID_LEN); 44 } else { 45 os_memcpy(data->mac_addr_e, cfg->wps->dev.mac_addr, ETH_ALEN); 46 os_memcpy(data->uuid_e, cfg->wps->uuid, WPS_UUID_LEN); 47 } 48 if (cfg->pin) { 49 data->dev_pw_id = cfg->dev_pw_id; 50 data->dev_password = os_malloc(cfg->pin_len); 51 if (data->dev_password == NULL) { 52 os_free(data); 53 return NULL; 54 } 55 os_memcpy(data->dev_password, cfg->pin, cfg->pin_len); 56 data->dev_password_len = cfg->pin_len; 57 wpa_hexdump_key(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: AP PIN dev_password", 58 data->dev_password, data->dev_password_len); 59 } 60 61 #ifdef CONFIG_WPS_NFC 62 if (cfg->pin == NULL && 63 cfg->dev_pw_id == DEV_PW_NFC_CONNECTION_HANDOVER) 64 data->dev_pw_id = cfg->dev_pw_id; 65 66 if (cfg->wps->ap && !cfg->registrar && cfg->wps->ap_nfc_dev_pw_id) { 67 /* Keep AP PIN as alternative Device Password */ 68 data->alt_dev_pw_id = data->dev_pw_id; 69 data->alt_dev_password = data->dev_password; 70 data->alt_dev_password_len = data->dev_password_len; 71 72 data->dev_pw_id = cfg->wps->ap_nfc_dev_pw_id; 73 data->dev_password = 74 os_malloc(wpabuf_len(cfg->wps->ap_nfc_dev_pw)); 75 if (data->dev_password == NULL) { 76 os_free(data); 77 return NULL; 78 } 79 os_memcpy(data->dev_password, 80 wpabuf_head(cfg->wps->ap_nfc_dev_pw), 81 wpabuf_len(cfg->wps->ap_nfc_dev_pw)); 82 data->dev_password_len = wpabuf_len(cfg->wps->ap_nfc_dev_pw); 83 wpa_hexdump_key(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: NFC dev_password", 84 data->dev_password, data->dev_password_len); 85 } 86 #endif /* CONFIG_WPS_NFC */ 87 88 data->pbc = cfg->pbc; 89 if (cfg->pbc) { 90 /* Use special PIN '00000000' for PBC */ 91 data->dev_pw_id = DEV_PW_PUSHBUTTON; 92 bin_clear_free(data->dev_password, data->dev_password_len); 93 data->dev_password = (u8 *) os_strdup("00000000"); 94 if (data->dev_password == NULL) { 95 os_free(data); 96 return NULL; 97 } 98 data->dev_password_len = 8; 99 } 100 101 data->state = data->registrar ? RECV_M1 : SEND_M1; 102 103 if (cfg->assoc_wps_ie) { 104 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 105 wpa_hexdump_buf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: WPS IE from (Re)AssocReq", 106 cfg->assoc_wps_ie); 107 if (wps_parse_msg(cfg->assoc_wps_ie, &attr) < 0) { 108 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Failed to parse WPS IE " 109 "from (Re)AssocReq"); 110 } else if (attr.request_type == NULL) { 111 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: No Request Type attribute " 112 "in (Re)AssocReq WPS IE"); 113 } else { 114 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Request Type (from WPS IE " 115 "in (Re)AssocReq WPS IE): %d", 116 *attr.request_type); 117 data->request_type = *attr.request_type; 118 } 119 } 120 121 if (cfg->new_ap_settings) { 122 data->new_ap_settings = 123 os_malloc(sizeof(*data->new_ap_settings)); 124 if (data->new_ap_settings == NULL) { 125 bin_clear_free(data->dev_password, 126 data->dev_password_len); 127 os_free(data); 128 return NULL; 129 } 130 os_memcpy(data->new_ap_settings, cfg->new_ap_settings, 131 sizeof(*data->new_ap_settings)); 132 } 133 134 if (cfg->peer_addr) 135 os_memcpy(data->peer_dev.mac_addr, cfg->peer_addr, ETH_ALEN); 136 if (cfg->p2p_dev_addr) 137 os_memcpy(data->p2p_dev_addr, cfg->p2p_dev_addr, ETH_ALEN); 138 139 data->use_psk_key = cfg->use_psk_key; 140 data->pbc_in_m1 = cfg->pbc_in_m1; 141 142 if (cfg->peer_pubkey_hash) { 143 os_memcpy(data->peer_pubkey_hash, cfg->peer_pubkey_hash, 144 WPS_OOB_PUBKEY_HASH_LEN); 145 data->peer_pubkey_hash_set = 1; 146 } 147 148 return data; 149 } 150 151 152 /** 153 * wps_deinit - Deinitialize WPS Registration protocol data 154 * @data: WPS Registration protocol data from wps_init() 155 */ 156 void wps_deinit(struct wps_data *data) 157 { 158 #ifdef CONFIG_WPS_NFC 159 if (data->registrar && data->nfc_pw_token) 160 wps_registrar_remove_nfc_pw_token(data->wps->registrar, 161 data->nfc_pw_token); 162 #endif /* CONFIG_WPS_NFC */ 163 164 if (data->wps_pin_revealed) { 165 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Full PIN information revealed and " 166 "negotiation failed"); 167 if (data->registrar) 168 wps_registrar_invalidate_pin(data->wps->registrar, 169 data->uuid_e); 170 } else if (data->registrar) 171 wps_registrar_unlock_pin(data->wps->registrar, data->uuid_e); 172 173 wpabuf_free(data->dh_privkey); 174 wpabuf_free(data->dh_pubkey_e); 175 wpabuf_free(data->dh_pubkey_r); 176 wpabuf_free(data->last_msg); 177 bin_clear_free(data->dev_password, data->dev_password_len); 178 bin_clear_free(data->alt_dev_password, data->alt_dev_password_len); 179 bin_clear_free(data->new_psk, data->new_psk_len); 180 wps_device_data_free(&data->peer_dev); 181 bin_clear_free(data->new_ap_settings, sizeof(*data->new_ap_settings)); 182 dh5_free(data->dh_ctx); 183 os_free(data); 184 } 185 186 187 /** 188 * wps_process_msg - Process a WPS message 189 * @wps: WPS Registration protocol data from wps_init() 190 * @op_code: Message OP Code 191 * @msg: Message data 192 * Returns: Processing result 193 * 194 * This function is used to process WPS messages with OP Codes WSC_ACK, 195 * WSC_NACK, WSC_MSG, and WSC_Done. The caller (e.g., EAP server/peer) is 196 * responsible for reassembling the messages before calling this function. 197 * Response to this message is built by calling wps_get_msg(). 198 */ 199 enum wps_process_res wps_process_msg(struct wps_data *wps, 200 enum wsc_op_code op_code, 201 const struct wpabuf *msg) 202 { 203 if (wps->registrar) 204 return wps_registrar_process_msg(wps, op_code, msg); 205 else 206 return wps_enrollee_process_msg(wps, op_code, msg); 207 } 208 209 210 /** 211 * wps_get_msg - Build a WPS message 212 * @wps: WPS Registration protocol data from wps_init() 213 * @op_code: Buffer for returning message OP Code 214 * Returns: The generated WPS message or %NULL on failure 215 * 216 * This function is used to build a response to a message processed by calling 217 * wps_process_msg(). The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer. 218 */ 219 struct wpabuf * wps_get_msg(struct wps_data *wps, enum wsc_op_code *op_code) 220 { 221 if (wps->registrar) 222 return wps_registrar_get_msg(wps, op_code); 223 else 224 return wps_enrollee_get_msg(wps, op_code); 225 } 226 227 228 /** 229 * wps_is_selected_pbc_registrar - Check whether WPS IE indicates active PBC 230 * @msg: WPS IE contents from Beacon or Probe Response frame 231 * Returns: 1 if PBC Registrar is active, 0 if not 232 */ 233 int wps_is_selected_pbc_registrar(const struct wpabuf *msg) 234 { 235 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 236 237 /* 238 * In theory, this could also verify that attr.sel_reg_config_methods 239 * includes WPS_CONFIG_PUSHBUTTON, but some deployed AP implementations 240 * do not set Selected Registrar Config Methods attribute properly, so 241 * it is safer to just use Device Password ID here. 242 */ 243 244 if (wps_parse_msg(msg, &attr) < 0 || 245 !attr.selected_registrar || *attr.selected_registrar == 0 || 246 !attr.dev_password_id || 247 WPA_GET_BE16(attr.dev_password_id) != DEV_PW_PUSHBUTTON) 248 return 0; 249 250 #ifdef CONFIG_WPS_STRICT 251 if (!attr.sel_reg_config_methods || 252 !(WPA_GET_BE16(attr.sel_reg_config_methods) & 253 WPS_CONFIG_PUSHBUTTON)) 254 return 0; 255 #endif /* CONFIG_WPS_STRICT */ 256 257 return 1; 258 } 259 260 261 static int is_selected_pin_registrar(struct wps_parse_attr *attr) 262 { 263 /* 264 * In theory, this could also verify that attr.sel_reg_config_methods 265 * includes WPS_CONFIG_LABEL, WPS_CONFIG_DISPLAY, or WPS_CONFIG_KEYPAD, 266 * but some deployed AP implementations do not set Selected Registrar 267 * Config Methods attribute properly, so it is safer to just use 268 * Device Password ID here. 269 */ 270 271 if (!attr->selected_registrar || *attr->selected_registrar == 0) 272 return 0; 273 274 if (attr->dev_password_id != NULL && 275 WPA_GET_BE16(attr->dev_password_id) == DEV_PW_PUSHBUTTON) 276 return 0; 277 278 #ifdef CONFIG_WPS_STRICT 279 if (!attr->sel_reg_config_methods || 280 !(WPA_GET_BE16(attr->sel_reg_config_methods) & 281 (WPS_CONFIG_LABEL | WPS_CONFIG_DISPLAY | WPS_CONFIG_KEYPAD))) 282 return 0; 283 #endif /* CONFIG_WPS_STRICT */ 284 285 return 1; 286 } 287 288 289 /** 290 * wps_is_selected_pin_registrar - Check whether WPS IE indicates active PIN 291 * @msg: WPS IE contents from Beacon or Probe Response frame 292 * Returns: 1 if PIN Registrar is active, 0 if not 293 */ 294 int wps_is_selected_pin_registrar(const struct wpabuf *msg) 295 { 296 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 297 298 if (wps_parse_msg(msg, &attr) < 0) 299 return 0; 300 301 return is_selected_pin_registrar(&attr); 302 } 303 304 305 /** 306 * wps_is_addr_authorized - Check whether WPS IE authorizes MAC address 307 * @msg: WPS IE contents from Beacon or Probe Response frame 308 * @addr: MAC address to search for 309 * @ver1_compat: Whether to use version 1 compatibility mode 310 * Returns: 2 if the specified address is explicit authorized, 1 if address is 311 * authorized (broadcast), 0 if not 312 */ 313 int wps_is_addr_authorized(const struct wpabuf *msg, const u8 *addr, 314 int ver1_compat) 315 { 316 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 317 unsigned int i; 318 const u8 *pos; 319 const u8 bcast[ETH_ALEN] = { 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }; 320 321 if (wps_parse_msg(msg, &attr) < 0) 322 return 0; 323 324 if (!attr.version2 && ver1_compat) { 325 /* 326 * Version 1.0 AP - AuthorizedMACs not used, so revert back to 327 * old mechanism of using SelectedRegistrar. 328 */ 329 return is_selected_pin_registrar(&attr); 330 } 331 332 if (!attr.authorized_macs) 333 return 0; 334 335 pos = attr.authorized_macs; 336 for (i = 0; i < attr.authorized_macs_len / ETH_ALEN; i++) { 337 if (os_memcmp(pos, addr, ETH_ALEN) == 0) 338 return 2; 339 if (os_memcmp(pos, bcast, ETH_ALEN) == 0) 340 return 1; 341 pos += ETH_ALEN; 342 } 343 344 return 0; 345 } 346 347 348 /** 349 * wps_ap_priority_compar - Prioritize WPS IE from two APs 350 * @wps_a: WPS IE contents from Beacon or Probe Response frame 351 * @wps_b: WPS IE contents from Beacon or Probe Response frame 352 * Returns: 1 if wps_b is considered more likely selection for WPS 353 * provisioning, -1 if wps_a is considered more like, or 0 if no preference 354 */ 355 int wps_ap_priority_compar(const struct wpabuf *wps_a, 356 const struct wpabuf *wps_b) 357 { 358 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 359 int sel_a, sel_b; 360 361 if (wps_a == NULL || wps_parse_msg(wps_a, &attr) < 0) 362 return 1; 363 sel_a = attr.selected_registrar && *attr.selected_registrar != 0; 364 365 if (wps_b == NULL || wps_parse_msg(wps_b, &attr) < 0) 366 return -1; 367 sel_b = attr.selected_registrar && *attr.selected_registrar != 0; 368 369 if (sel_a && !sel_b) 370 return -1; 371 if (!sel_a && sel_b) 372 return 1; 373 374 return 0; 375 } 376 377 378 /** 379 * wps_get_uuid_e - Get UUID-E from WPS IE 380 * @msg: WPS IE contents from Beacon or Probe Response frame 381 * Returns: Pointer to UUID-E or %NULL if not included 382 * 383 * The returned pointer is to the msg contents and it remains valid only as 384 * long as the msg buffer is valid. 385 */ 386 const u8 * wps_get_uuid_e(const struct wpabuf *msg) 387 { 388 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 389 390 if (wps_parse_msg(msg, &attr) < 0) 391 return NULL; 392 return attr.uuid_e; 393 } 394 395 396 /** 397 * wps_is_20 - Check whether WPS attributes claim support for WPS 2.0 398 */ 399 int wps_is_20(const struct wpabuf *msg) 400 { 401 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 402 403 if (msg == NULL || wps_parse_msg(msg, &attr) < 0) 404 return 0; 405 return attr.version2 != NULL; 406 } 407 408 409 /** 410 * wps_build_assoc_req_ie - Build WPS IE for (Re)Association Request 411 * @req_type: Value for Request Type attribute 412 * Returns: WPS IE or %NULL on failure 413 * 414 * The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer. 415 */ 416 struct wpabuf * wps_build_assoc_req_ie(enum wps_request_type req_type) 417 { 418 struct wpabuf *ie; 419 u8 *len; 420 421 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Building WPS IE for (Re)Association " 422 "Request"); 423 ie = wpabuf_alloc(100); 424 if (ie == NULL) 425 return NULL; 426 427 wpabuf_put_u8(ie, WLAN_EID_VENDOR_SPECIFIC); 428 len = wpabuf_put(ie, 1); 429 wpabuf_put_be32(ie, WPS_DEV_OUI_WFA); 430 431 if (wps_build_version(ie) || 432 wps_build_req_type(ie, req_type) || 433 wps_build_wfa_ext(ie, 0, NULL, 0)) { 434 wpabuf_free(ie); 435 return NULL; 436 } 437 438 *len = wpabuf_len(ie) - 2; 439 440 return ie; 441 } 442 443 444 /** 445 * wps_build_assoc_resp_ie - Build WPS IE for (Re)Association Response 446 * Returns: WPS IE or %NULL on failure 447 * 448 * The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer. 449 */ 450 struct wpabuf * wps_build_assoc_resp_ie(void) 451 { 452 struct wpabuf *ie; 453 u8 *len; 454 455 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Building WPS IE for (Re)Association " 456 "Response"); 457 ie = wpabuf_alloc(100); 458 if (ie == NULL) 459 return NULL; 460 461 wpabuf_put_u8(ie, WLAN_EID_VENDOR_SPECIFIC); 462 len = wpabuf_put(ie, 1); 463 wpabuf_put_be32(ie, WPS_DEV_OUI_WFA); 464 465 if (wps_build_version(ie) || 466 wps_build_resp_type(ie, WPS_RESP_AP) || 467 wps_build_wfa_ext(ie, 0, NULL, 0)) { 468 wpabuf_free(ie); 469 return NULL; 470 } 471 472 *len = wpabuf_len(ie) - 2; 473 474 return ie; 475 } 476 477 478 /** 479 * wps_build_probe_req_ie - Build WPS IE for Probe Request 480 * @pw_id: Password ID (DEV_PW_PUSHBUTTON for active PBC and DEV_PW_DEFAULT for 481 * most other use cases) 482 * @dev: Device attributes 483 * @uuid: Own UUID 484 * @req_type: Value for Request Type attribute 485 * @num_req_dev_types: Number of requested device types 486 * @req_dev_types: Requested device types (8 * num_req_dev_types octets) or 487 * %NULL if none 488 * Returns: WPS IE or %NULL on failure 489 * 490 * The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer. 491 */ 492 struct wpabuf * wps_build_probe_req_ie(u16 pw_id, struct wps_device_data *dev, 493 const u8 *uuid, 494 enum wps_request_type req_type, 495 unsigned int num_req_dev_types, 496 const u8 *req_dev_types) 497 { 498 struct wpabuf *ie; 499 500 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Building WPS IE for Probe Request"); 501 502 ie = wpabuf_alloc(500); 503 if (ie == NULL) 504 return NULL; 505 506 if (wps_build_version(ie) || 507 wps_build_req_type(ie, req_type) || 508 wps_build_config_methods(ie, dev->config_methods) || 509 wps_build_uuid_e(ie, uuid) || 510 wps_build_primary_dev_type(dev, ie) || 511 wps_build_rf_bands(dev, ie, 0) || 512 wps_build_assoc_state(NULL, ie) || 513 wps_build_config_error(ie, WPS_CFG_NO_ERROR) || 514 wps_build_dev_password_id(ie, pw_id) || 515 wps_build_manufacturer(dev, ie) || 516 wps_build_model_name(dev, ie) || 517 wps_build_model_number(dev, ie) || 518 wps_build_dev_name(dev, ie) || 519 wps_build_wfa_ext(ie, req_type == WPS_REQ_ENROLLEE, NULL, 0) || 520 wps_build_req_dev_type(dev, ie, num_req_dev_types, req_dev_types) 521 || 522 wps_build_secondary_dev_type(dev, ie) 523 ) { 524 wpabuf_free(ie); 525 return NULL; 526 } 527 528 return wps_ie_encapsulate(ie); 529 } 530 531 532 void wps_free_pending_msgs(struct upnp_pending_message *msgs) 533 { 534 struct upnp_pending_message *p, *prev; 535 p = msgs; 536 while (p) { 537 prev = p; 538 p = p->next; 539 wpabuf_free(prev->msg); 540 os_free(prev); 541 } 542 } 543 544 545 int wps_attr_text(struct wpabuf *data, char *buf, char *end) 546 { 547 struct wps_parse_attr attr; 548 char *pos = buf; 549 int ret; 550 551 if (wps_parse_msg(data, &attr) < 0) 552 return -1; 553 554 if (attr.wps_state) { 555 if (*attr.wps_state == WPS_STATE_NOT_CONFIGURED) 556 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 557 "wps_state=unconfigured\n"); 558 else if (*attr.wps_state == WPS_STATE_CONFIGURED) 559 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 560 "wps_state=configured\n"); 561 else 562 ret = 0; 563 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 564 return pos - buf; 565 pos += ret; 566 } 567 568 if (attr.ap_setup_locked && *attr.ap_setup_locked) { 569 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 570 "wps_ap_setup_locked=1\n"); 571 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 572 return pos - buf; 573 pos += ret; 574 } 575 576 if (attr.selected_registrar && *attr.selected_registrar) { 577 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 578 "wps_selected_registrar=1\n"); 579 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 580 return pos - buf; 581 pos += ret; 582 } 583 584 if (attr.dev_password_id) { 585 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 586 "wps_device_password_id=%u\n", 587 WPA_GET_BE16(attr.dev_password_id)); 588 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 589 return pos - buf; 590 pos += ret; 591 } 592 593 if (attr.sel_reg_config_methods) { 594 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 595 "wps_selected_registrar_config_methods=" 596 "0x%04x\n", 597 WPA_GET_BE16(attr.sel_reg_config_methods)); 598 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 599 return pos - buf; 600 pos += ret; 601 } 602 603 if (attr.primary_dev_type) { 604 char devtype[WPS_DEV_TYPE_BUFSIZE]; 605 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 606 "wps_primary_device_type=%s\n", 607 wps_dev_type_bin2str(attr.primary_dev_type, 608 devtype, 609 sizeof(devtype))); 610 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 611 return pos - buf; 612 pos += ret; 613 } 614 615 if (attr.dev_name) { 616 char *str = os_malloc(attr.dev_name_len + 1); 617 size_t i; 618 if (str == NULL) 619 return pos - buf; 620 for (i = 0; i < attr.dev_name_len; i++) { 621 if (attr.dev_name[i] == 0 || 622 is_ctrl_char(attr.dev_name[i])) 623 str[i] = '_'; 624 else 625 str[i] = attr.dev_name[i]; 626 } 627 str[i] = '\0'; 628 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "wps_device_name=%s\n", str); 629 os_free(str); 630 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 631 return pos - buf; 632 pos += ret; 633 } 634 635 if (attr.config_methods) { 636 ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, 637 "wps_config_methods=0x%04x\n", 638 WPA_GET_BE16(attr.config_methods)); 639 if (os_snprintf_error(end - pos, ret)) 640 return pos - buf; 641 pos += ret; 642 } 643 644 return pos - buf; 645 } 646 647 648 const char * wps_ei_str(enum wps_error_indication ei) 649 { 650 switch (ei) { 651 case WPS_EI_NO_ERROR: 652 return "No Error"; 653 case WPS_EI_SECURITY_TKIP_ONLY_PROHIBITED: 654 return "TKIP Only Prohibited"; 655 case WPS_EI_SECURITY_WEP_PROHIBITED: 656 return "WEP Prohibited"; 657 case WPS_EI_AUTH_FAILURE: 658 return "Authentication Failure"; 659 default: 660 return "Unknown"; 661 } 662 } 663