1 /* $OpenBSD: getentropy_linux.c,v 1.20 2014/07/12 15:43:49 beck Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 2014 Theo de Raadt <deraadt@openbsd.org> 5 * Copyright (c) 2014 Bob Beck <beck@obtuse.com> 6 * 7 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 8 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 9 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 10 * 11 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 12 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 13 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 14 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 15 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 16 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 17 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 18 */ 19 #include "config.h" 20 21 /* 22 #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309L 23 #define _GNU_SOURCE 1 24 */ 25 #include <sys/types.h> 26 #include <sys/param.h> 27 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 28 #include <sys/resource.h> 29 #include <sys/syscall.h> 30 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSCTL_H 31 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 32 #endif 33 #include <sys/statvfs.h> 34 #include <sys/socket.h> 35 #include <sys/mount.h> 36 #include <sys/mman.h> 37 #include <sys/stat.h> 38 #include <sys/time.h> 39 #include <stdlib.h> 40 #include <stdint.h> 41 #include <stdio.h> 42 #include <termios.h> 43 #include <fcntl.h> 44 #include <signal.h> 45 #include <string.h> 46 #include <errno.h> 47 #include <unistd.h> 48 #include <time.h> 49 #include <openssl/sha.h> 50 51 #include <linux/types.h> 52 #include <linux/random.h> 53 #include <linux/sysctl.h> 54 #ifdef HAVE_GETAUXVAL 55 #include <sys/auxv.h> 56 #endif 57 #include <sys/vfs.h> 58 59 #define REPEAT 5 60 #define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b)) 61 62 #define HX(a, b) \ 63 do { \ 64 if ((a)) \ 65 HD(errno); \ 66 else \ 67 HD(b); \ 68 } while (0) 69 70 #define HR(x, l) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)(x), (l))) 71 #define HD(x) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)&(x), sizeof (x))) 72 #define HF(x) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)&(x), sizeof (void*))) 73 74 int getentropy(void *buf, size_t len); 75 76 #ifdef CAN_REFERENCE_MAIN 77 extern int main(int, char *argv[]); 78 #endif 79 static int gotdata(char *buf, size_t len); 80 #ifdef SYS_getrandom 81 static int getentropy_getrandom(void *buf, size_t len); 82 #endif 83 static int getentropy_urandom(void *buf, size_t len); 84 #ifdef SYS__sysctl 85 static int getentropy_sysctl(void *buf, size_t len); 86 #endif 87 static int getentropy_fallback(void *buf, size_t len); 88 89 int 90 getentropy(void *buf, size_t len) 91 { 92 int ret = -1; 93 94 if (len > 256) { 95 errno = EIO; 96 return -1; 97 } 98 99 #ifdef SYS_getrandom 100 /* 101 * Try descriptor-less getrandom() 102 */ 103 ret = getentropy_getrandom(buf, len); 104 if (ret != -1) 105 return (ret); 106 if (errno != ENOSYS) 107 return (-1); 108 #endif 109 110 /* 111 * Try to get entropy with /dev/urandom 112 * 113 * This can fail if the process is inside a chroot or if file 114 * descriptors are exhausted. 115 */ 116 ret = getentropy_urandom(buf, len); 117 if (ret != -1) 118 return (ret); 119 120 #ifdef SYS__sysctl 121 /* 122 * Try to use sysctl CTL_KERN, KERN_RANDOM, RANDOM_UUID. 123 * sysctl is a failsafe API, so it guarantees a result. This 124 * should work inside a chroot, or when file descriptors are 125 * exhuasted. 126 * 127 * However this can fail if the Linux kernel removes support 128 * for sysctl. Starting in 2007, there have been efforts to 129 * deprecate the sysctl API/ABI, and push callers towards use 130 * of the chroot-unavailable fd-using /proc mechanism -- 131 * essentially the same problems as /dev/urandom. 132 * 133 * Numerous setbacks have been encountered in their deprecation 134 * schedule, so as of June 2014 the kernel ABI still exists on 135 * most Linux architectures. The sysctl() stub in libc is missing 136 * on some systems. There are also reports that some kernels 137 * spew messages to the console. 138 */ 139 ret = getentropy_sysctl(buf, len); 140 if (ret != -1) 141 return (ret); 142 #endif /* SYS__sysctl */ 143 144 /* 145 * Entropy collection via /dev/urandom and sysctl have failed. 146 * 147 * No other API exists for collecting entropy. See the large 148 * comment block above. 149 * 150 * We have very few options: 151 * - Even syslog_r is unsafe to call at this low level, so 152 * there is no way to alert the user or program. 153 * - Cannot call abort() because some systems have unsafe 154 * corefiles. 155 * - Could raise(SIGKILL) resulting in silent program termination. 156 * - Return EIO, to hint that arc4random's stir function 157 * should raise(SIGKILL) 158 * - Do the best under the circumstances.... 159 * 160 * This code path exists to bring light to the issue that Linux 161 * does not provide a failsafe API for entropy collection. 162 * 163 * We hope this demonstrates that Linux should either retain their 164 * sysctl ABI, or consider providing a new failsafe API which 165 * works in a chroot or when file descriptors are exhausted. 166 */ 167 #undef FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_TRYING_FALLBACK 168 #ifdef FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_TRYING_FALLBACK 169 raise(SIGKILL); 170 #endif 171 ret = getentropy_fallback(buf, len); 172 if (ret != -1) 173 return (ret); 174 175 errno = EIO; 176 return (ret); 177 } 178 179 /* 180 * Basic sanity checking; wish we could do better. 181 */ 182 static int 183 gotdata(char *buf, size_t len) 184 { 185 char any_set = 0; 186 size_t i; 187 188 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) 189 any_set |= buf[i]; 190 if (any_set == 0) 191 return -1; 192 return 0; 193 } 194 195 #ifdef SYS_getrandom 196 static int 197 getentropy_getrandom(void *buf, size_t len) 198 { 199 int pre_errno = errno; 200 int ret; 201 if (len > 256) 202 return (-1); 203 do { 204 ret = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, len, 0); 205 } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR); 206 207 if (ret != (int)len) 208 return (-1); 209 errno = pre_errno; 210 return (0); 211 } 212 #endif 213 214 static int 215 getentropy_urandom(void *buf, size_t len) 216 { 217 struct stat st; 218 size_t i; 219 int fd, cnt, flags; 220 int save_errno = errno; 221 222 start: 223 224 flags = O_RDONLY; 225 #ifdef O_NOFOLLOW 226 flags |= O_NOFOLLOW; 227 #endif 228 #ifdef O_CLOEXEC 229 flags |= O_CLOEXEC; 230 #endif 231 fd = open("/dev/urandom", flags, 0); 232 if (fd == -1) { 233 if (errno == EINTR) 234 goto start; 235 goto nodevrandom; 236 } 237 #ifndef O_CLOEXEC 238 fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC); 239 #endif 240 241 /* Lightly verify that the device node looks sane */ 242 if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1 || !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) { 243 close(fd); 244 goto nodevrandom; 245 } 246 if (ioctl(fd, RNDGETENTCNT, &cnt) == -1) { 247 close(fd); 248 goto nodevrandom; 249 } 250 for (i = 0; i < len; ) { 251 size_t wanted = len - i; 252 ssize_t ret = read(fd, (char*)buf + i, wanted); 253 254 if (ret == -1) { 255 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) 256 continue; 257 close(fd); 258 goto nodevrandom; 259 } 260 i += ret; 261 } 262 close(fd); 263 if (gotdata(buf, len) == 0) { 264 errno = save_errno; 265 return 0; /* satisfied */ 266 } 267 nodevrandom: 268 errno = EIO; 269 return -1; 270 } 271 272 #ifdef SYS__sysctl 273 static int 274 getentropy_sysctl(void *buf, size_t len) 275 { 276 static int mib[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_RANDOM, RANDOM_UUID }; 277 size_t i; 278 int save_errno = errno; 279 280 for (i = 0; i < len; ) { 281 size_t chunk = min(len - i, 16); 282 283 /* SYS__sysctl because some systems already removed sysctl() */ 284 struct __sysctl_args args = { 285 .name = mib, 286 .nlen = 3, 287 .oldval = (char *)buf + i, 288 .oldlenp = &chunk, 289 }; 290 if (syscall(SYS__sysctl, &args) != 0) 291 goto sysctlfailed; 292 i += chunk; 293 } 294 if (gotdata(buf, len) == 0) { 295 errno = save_errno; 296 return (0); /* satisfied */ 297 } 298 sysctlfailed: 299 errno = EIO; 300 return -1; 301 } 302 #endif /* SYS__sysctl */ 303 304 static int cl[] = { 305 CLOCK_REALTIME, 306 #ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC 307 CLOCK_MONOTONIC, 308 #endif 309 #ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW 310 CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, 311 #endif 312 #ifdef CLOCK_TAI 313 CLOCK_TAI, 314 #endif 315 #ifdef CLOCK_VIRTUAL 316 CLOCK_VIRTUAL, 317 #endif 318 #ifdef CLOCK_UPTIME 319 CLOCK_UPTIME, 320 #endif 321 #ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID 322 CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, 323 #endif 324 #ifdef CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID 325 CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, 326 #endif 327 }; 328 329 static int 330 getentropy_fallback(void *buf, size_t len) 331 { 332 uint8_t results[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH]; 333 int save_errno = errno, e, pgs = getpagesize(), faster = 0, repeat; 334 static int cnt; 335 struct timespec ts; 336 struct timeval tv; 337 struct rusage ru; 338 sigset_t sigset; 339 struct stat st; 340 SHA512_CTX ctx; 341 static pid_t lastpid; 342 pid_t pid; 343 size_t i, ii, m; 344 char *p; 345 346 pid = getpid(); 347 if (lastpid == pid) { 348 faster = 1; 349 repeat = 2; 350 } else { 351 faster = 0; 352 lastpid = pid; 353 repeat = REPEAT; 354 } 355 for (i = 0; i < len; ) { 356 int j; 357 SHA512_Init(&ctx); 358 for (j = 0; j < repeat; j++) { 359 HX((e = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)) == -1, tv); 360 if (e != -1) { 361 cnt += (int)tv.tv_sec; 362 cnt += (int)tv.tv_usec; 363 } 364 365 for (ii = 0; ii < sizeof(cl)/sizeof(cl[0]); ii++) 366 HX(clock_gettime(cl[ii], &ts) == -1, ts); 367 368 HX((pid = getpid()) == -1, pid); 369 HX((pid = getsid(pid)) == -1, pid); 370 HX((pid = getppid()) == -1, pid); 371 HX((pid = getpgid(0)) == -1, pid); 372 HX((e = getpriority(0, 0)) == -1, e); 373 374 if (!faster) { 375 ts.tv_sec = 0; 376 ts.tv_nsec = 1; 377 (void) nanosleep(&ts, NULL); 378 } 379 380 HX(sigpending(&sigset) == -1, sigset); 381 HX(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, &sigset) == -1, 382 sigset); 383 384 #ifdef CAN_REFERENCE_MAIN 385 HF(main); /* an addr in program */ 386 #endif 387 HF(getentropy); /* an addr in this library */ 388 HF(printf); /* an addr in libc */ 389 p = (char *)&p; 390 HD(p); /* an addr on stack */ 391 p = (char *)&errno; 392 HD(p); /* the addr of errno */ 393 394 if (i == 0) { 395 struct sockaddr_storage ss; 396 struct statvfs stvfs; 397 struct termios tios; 398 struct statfs stfs; 399 socklen_t ssl; 400 off_t off; 401 402 /* 403 * Prime-sized mappings encourage fragmentation; 404 * thus exposing some address entropy. 405 */ 406 struct mm { 407 size_t npg; 408 void *p; 409 } mm[] = { 410 { 17, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED }, 411 { 11, MAP_FAILED }, { 2, MAP_FAILED }, 412 { 5, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED }, 413 { 7, MAP_FAILED }, { 1, MAP_FAILED }, 414 { 57, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED }, 415 { 131, MAP_FAILED }, { 1, MAP_FAILED }, 416 }; 417 418 for (m = 0; m < sizeof mm/sizeof(mm[0]); m++) { 419 HX(mm[m].p = mmap(NULL, 420 mm[m].npg * pgs, 421 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, 422 MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 423 (off_t)0), mm[m].p); 424 if (mm[m].p != MAP_FAILED) { 425 size_t mo; 426 427 /* Touch some memory... */ 428 p = mm[m].p; 429 mo = cnt % 430 (mm[m].npg * pgs - 1); 431 p[mo] = 1; 432 cnt += (int)((long)(mm[m].p) 433 / pgs); 434 } 435 436 /* Check cnts and times... */ 437 for (ii = 0; ii < sizeof(cl)/sizeof(cl[0]); 438 ii++) { 439 HX((e = clock_gettime(cl[ii], 440 &ts)) == -1, ts); 441 if (e != -1) 442 cnt += (int)ts.tv_nsec; 443 } 444 445 HX((e = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, 446 &ru)) == -1, ru); 447 if (e != -1) { 448 cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec; 449 cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec; 450 } 451 } 452 453 for (m = 0; m < sizeof mm/sizeof(mm[0]); m++) { 454 if (mm[m].p != MAP_FAILED) 455 munmap(mm[m].p, mm[m].npg * pgs); 456 mm[m].p = MAP_FAILED; 457 } 458 459 HX(stat(".", &st) == -1, st); 460 HX(statvfs(".", &stvfs) == -1, stvfs); 461 HX(statfs(".", &stfs) == -1, stfs); 462 463 HX(stat("/", &st) == -1, st); 464 HX(statvfs("/", &stvfs) == -1, stvfs); 465 HX(statfs("/", &stfs) == -1, stfs); 466 467 HX((e = fstat(0, &st)) == -1, st); 468 if (e == -1) { 469 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || 470 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) || 471 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) { 472 HX(fstatvfs(0, &stvfs) == -1, 473 stvfs); 474 HX(fstatfs(0, &stfs) == -1, 475 stfs); 476 HX((off = lseek(0, (off_t)0, 477 SEEK_CUR)) < 0, off); 478 } 479 if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) { 480 HX(tcgetattr(0, &tios) == -1, 481 tios); 482 } else if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) { 483 memset(&ss, 0, sizeof ss); 484 ssl = sizeof(ss); 485 HX(getpeername(0, 486 (void *)&ss, &ssl) == -1, 487 ss); 488 } 489 } 490 491 HX((e = getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, 492 &ru)) == -1, ru); 493 if (e != -1) { 494 cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec; 495 cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec; 496 } 497 } else { 498 /* Subsequent hashes absorb previous result */ 499 HD(results); 500 } 501 502 HX((e = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)) == -1, tv); 503 if (e != -1) { 504 cnt += (int)tv.tv_sec; 505 cnt += (int)tv.tv_usec; 506 } 507 508 HD(cnt); 509 } 510 #ifdef HAVE_GETAUXVAL 511 # ifdef AT_RANDOM 512 /* Not as random as you think but we take what we are given */ 513 p = (char *) getauxval(AT_RANDOM); 514 if (p) 515 HR(p, 16); 516 # endif 517 # ifdef AT_SYSINFO_EHDR 518 p = (char *) getauxval(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR); 519 if (p) 520 HR(p, pgs); 521 # endif 522 # ifdef AT_BASE 523 p = (char *) getauxval(AT_BASE); 524 if (p) 525 HD(p); 526 # endif 527 #endif /* HAVE_GETAUXVAL */ 528 529 SHA512_Final(results, &ctx); 530 memcpy((char*)buf + i, results, min(sizeof(results), len - i)); 531 i += min(sizeof(results), len - i); 532 } 533 memset(results, 0, sizeof results); 534 if (gotdata(buf, len) == 0) { 535 errno = save_errno; 536 return 0; /* satisfied */ 537 } 538 errno = EIO; 539 return -1; 540 } 541