README-Travis.md
1# Travis Testing
2
3Unbound 1.10 and above leverage Travis CI to increase coverage of compilers and platforms. Compilers include Clang and GCC; while platforms include Android, iOS, Linux, and OS X on AMD64, Aarch64, PowerPC and s390x hardware.
4
5Android is tested on armv7a, aarch64, x86 and x86_64. The Android recipes build and install OpenSSL and Expat, and then builds Unbound. The testing is tailored for Android NDK-r19 and above, and includes NDK-r20 and NDK-r21. Mips and Mips64 are not tested because they are no longer supported under current NDKs.
6
7iOS is tested for iPhoneOS, WatchOS, AppleTVOS, iPhoneSimulator, AppleTVSimulator and WatchSimulator. The testing uses Xcode 10 on OS X 10.13.
8
9The Unbound Travis configuration file `.travis.yml` does not use top-level keys like `os:` and `compiler:` so there is no matrix expansion. Instead Unbound specifies the exact job to run under the `jobs:` and `include:` keys.
10
11## Typical recipe
12
13A typical recipe tests Clang and GCC on various hardware. The hardware includes AMD64, Aarch64, PowerPC and s390x. PowerPC is a little-endian platform, and s390x is a big-endian platform. There are pairs of recipes that are similar to the following.
14
15```
16- os: linux
17 name: GCC on Linux, Aarch64
18 compiler: gcc
19 arch: arm64
20 dist: bionic
21- os: linux
22 name: Clang on Linux, Aarch64
23 compiler: clang
24 arch: arm64
25 dist: bionic
26```
27
28OS X provides a single recipe to test Clang. GCC is not tested because GCC is an alias for Clang.
29
30## Sanitizer builds
31
32Two sanitizer builds are tested using Clang and GCC, for a total of four builds. The first sanitizer is Undefined Behavior sanitizer (UBsan), and the second is Address sanitizer (Asan). The sanitizers are only run on AMD64 hardware. Note the environment includes `TEST_UBSAN=yes` or `TEST_ASAN=yes` for the sanitizer builds.
33
34The recipes are similar to the following.
35
36```
37- os: linux
38 name: UBsan, GCC on Linux, Amd64
39 compiler: gcc
40 arch: amd64
41 dist: bionic
42 env: TEST_UBSAN=yes
43- os: linux
44 name: UBsan, Clang on Linux, Amd64
45 compiler: clang
46 arch: amd64
47 dist: bionic
48 env: TEST_UBSAN=yes
49```
50
51When the Travis script encounters a sanitizer it uses different `CFLAGS` and configuration string.
52
53```
54if [ "$TEST_UBSAN" = "yes" ]; then
55 export CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -g2 -O3 -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover"
56 ./configure
57 make -j 2
58 make test
59elif [ "$TEST_ASAN" = "yes" ]; then
60 export CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -g2 -O3 -fsanitize=address"
61 ./configure
62 make -j 2
63 make test
64...
65```
66
67## Android builds
68
69Travis tests Android builds for the armv7a, aarch64, x86 and x86_64 architectures. The builds are trickier than other builds for several reasons. The testing requires installation of the Android NDK and SDK, it requires a cross-compile, and requires OpenSSL and Expat prerequisites. The Android cross-compiles also require care to set the Autotools triplet, the OpenSSL triplet, the toolchain path, the tool variables, and the sysroot. The discussion below detail the steps of the Android recipes.
70
71### Android job
72
73The first step sets environmental variables for the cross-compile using the Travis job. A typical job with variables is shown below.
74
75```
76- os: linux
77 name: Android armv7a, Linux, Amd64
78 compiler: clang
79 arch: amd64
80 dist: bionic
81 env:
82 - TEST_ANDROID=yes
83 - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=armv7a-linux-androideabi
84 - OPENSSL_HOST=android-arm
85 - ANDROID_CPU=armv7a
86 - ANDROID_API=23
87 - ANDROID_PREFIX="$HOME/android$ANDROID_API-$ANDROID_CPU"
88 - ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-sdk"
89 - ANDROID_NDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-ndk"
90```
91
92### ANDROID_NDK_ROOT
93
94The second step for Android is to set the environmental variables `ANDROID_NDK_ROOT` and `ANDROID_SDK_ROOT`. This is an important step because the NDK and SDK use the variables internally to locate their own tools. Also see [Recommended NDK Directory?](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-ndk/qZjhOaynHXc) on the android-ndk mailing list. (Many folks miss this step, or use incorrect variables like `ANDROID_NDK_HOME` or `ANDROID_SDK_HOME`).
95
96If you are working from a developer machine you probably already have the necessary tools installed. You should ensure `ANDROID_NDK_ROOT` and `ANDROID_SDK_ROOT` are set properly.
97
98### Tool installation
99
100The second step installs tools needed for OpenSSL, Expat and Unbound. This step is handled in by the script `contrib/android/install_tools.sh`. The tools include curl, tar, zip, unzip and java.
101
102```
103before_script:
104 - |
105 if [ "$TEST_ANDROID" = "yes" ]; then
106 ./contrib/android/install_tools.sh
107 elif [ "$TEST_IOS" = "yes" ]; then
108 ./contrib/ios/install_tools.sh
109 fi
110```
111
112### NDK installation
113
114The third step installs the NDK and SDK. This step is handled in by the script `contrib/android/install_ndk.sh`. The script uses `ANDROID_NDK_ROOT` and `ANDROID_SDK_ROOT` to place the NDK and SDK in the `$HOME` directory.
115
116If you are working from a developer machine you probably already have a NDK and SDK installed.
117
118### Android environment
119
120The fourth step sets the Android cross-compile environment using the script `contrib/android/setenv_android.sh`. The script is `sourced` so the variables in the script are available to the calling shell. The script sets variables like `CC`, `CXX`, `AS` and `AR`; sets `CFLAGS` and `CXXFLAGS`; sets a `sysroot` so Android headers and libraries are found; and adds the path to the toolchain to `PATH`.
121
122`contrib/android/setenv_android.sh` knows which toolchain and architecture to select by inspecting environmental variables set by Travis for the job. In particular, the variables `ANDROID_CPU` and `ANDROID_API` tell `contrib/android/setenv_android.sh` which tools and libraries to select.
123
124The `contrib/android/setenv_android.sh` script specifies the tools in a `case` statement like the following. There is a case for each of the architectures armv7a, aarch64, x86 and x86_64.
125
126```
127armv8a|aarch64|arm64|arm64-v8a)
128 CC="aarch64-linux-android$ANDROID_API-clang"
129 CXX="aarch64-linux-android$ANDROID_API-clang++"
130 LD="aarch64-linux-android-ld"
131 AS="aarch64-linux-android-as"
132 AR="aarch64-linux-android-ar"
133 RANLIB="aarch64-linux-android-ranlib"
134 STRIP="aarch64-linux-android-strip"
135
136 CFLAGS="-funwind-tables -fexceptions"
137 CXXFLAGS="-funwind-tables -fexceptions -frtti"
138```
139
140### OpenSSL and Expat
141
142The fifth step builds OpenSSL and Expat. OpenSSL and Expat are built for Android using the scripts `contrib/android/install_openssl.sh` and `contrib/android/install_expat.sh`. The scripts download, configure and install the latest release version of the libraries. The libraries are configured with `--prefix="$ANDROID_PREFIX"` so the headers are placed in `$ANDROID_PREFIX/include` directory, and the libraries are placed in the `$ANDROID_PREFIX/lib` directory.
143
144`ANDROID_PREFIX` is the value `$HOME/android$ANDROID_API-$ANDROID_CPU`. The libraries will be installed in `$HOME/android23-armv7a`, `$HOME/android23-aarch64`, etc. For Autotools projects, the appropriate `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` is exported. `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` is the userland equivalent to sysroot, and allows Autotools to find non-system headers and libraries for an architecture. Typical `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` are `$HOME/android23-armv7a/lib/pkgconfig` and `$HOME/android23-aarch64/lib/pkgconfig`.
145
146OpenSSL also uses a custom configuration file called `15-android.conf`. It is a copy of the OpenSSL's project file and located at `contrib/android/15-android.conf`. The Unbound version is copied to the OpenSSL source files after unpacking the OpenSSL distribution. The Unbound version has legacy NDK support removed and some other fixes, like `ANDROID_NDK_ROOT` awareness. The changes mean Unbound's `15-android.conf` will only work with Unbound, with NDK-r19 and above, and a properly set environment.
147
148OpenSSL is configured with `no-engine`. If you want to include OpenSSL engines then edit `contrib/android/install_openssl.sh` and remove the config option.
149
150### Android build
151
152Finally, once OpenSSL and Expat are built, then the Travis script configures and builds Unbound. The recipe looks as follows.
153
154```
155elif [ "$TEST_ANDROID" = "yes" ]; then
156 export AUTOTOOLS_BUILD="$(./config.guess)"
157 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$ANDROID_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig"
158 ./contrib/android/install_ndk.sh
159 source ./contrib/android/setenv_android.sh
160 ./contrib/android/install_openssl.sh
161 ./contrib/android/install_expat.sh
162 ./configure \
163 --build="$AUTOTOOLS_BUILD" \
164 --host="$AUTOTOOLS_HOST" \
165 --prefix="$ANDROID_PREFIX" \
166 --with-ssl="$ANDROID_PREFIX" \
167 --with-libexpat="$ANDROID_PREFIX" \
168 --disable-gost;
169 make -j 2
170 make install
171```
172
173Travis only smoke tests an Android build using a compile, link and install. The self tests are not run. TODO: figure out how to fire up an emulator, push the tests to the device and run them.
174
175### Android flags
176
177`contrib/android/setenv_android.sh` uses specific flags for `CFLAGS` and `CXXFLAGS`. They are taken from `ndk-build`, so we consider them the official flag set. It is important to use the same flags across projects to avoid subtle problems due to mixing and matching different flags.
178
179`CXXFLAGS` includes `-fexceptions` and `-frtti` because exceptions and runtime type info are disabled by default. `CFLAGS` include `-funwind-tables` and `-fexceptions` to ensure C++ exceptions pass through C code, if needed. Also see `docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html` in the NDK docs.
180
181To inspect the flags used by `ndk-build` for a platform clone ASOP's [ndk-samples](https://github.com/android/ndk-samples/tree/master/hello-jni) and build the `hello-jni` project. Use the `V=1` flag to see the full compiler output from `ndk-build`.
182
183## iOS builds
184
185Travis tests iOS builds for the armv7a, armv7s and aarch64 architectures for iPhoneOS, AppleTVOS and WatchOS. iPhoneOS is tested using both 32-bit builds (iPhones) and 64-bit builds (iPads). Travis also tests compiles against the simulators. The builds are trickier than other builds for several reasons. The testing requires a cross-compile, and requires OpenSSL and Expat prerequisites. The iOS cross-compiles also require care to set the Autotools triplet, the OpenSSL triplet, the toolchain path, the tool variables, and the sysroot. The discussion below detail the steps of the iOS recipes.
186
187### iOS job
188
189The first step sets environmental variables for the cross-compile using the Travis job. A typical job with variables is shown below.
190
191```
192- os: osx
193 osx_image: xcode10
194 name: Apple iPhone on iOS, armv7
195 compiler: clang
196 env:
197 - TEST_IOS=yes
198 - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=armv7-apple-ios
199 - OPENSSL_HOST=ios-cross
200 - IOS_SDK=iPhoneOS
201 - IOS_CPU=armv7s
202 - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
203```
204
205### Tool installation
206
207The second step installs tools needed for OpenSSL, Expat and Unbound. This step is handled in by the script `contrib/ios/install_tools.sh`. The tools include autotools, curl and perl. The installation happens at the `before_script:` stage of Travis.
208
209```
210before_script:
211 - |
212 if [ "$TEST_ANDROID" = "yes" ]; then
213 ./contrib/android/install_tools.sh
214 elif [ "$TEST_IOS" = "yes" ]; then
215 ./contrib/ios/install_tools.sh
216 fi
217```
218
219### iOS environment
220
221The third step sets the iOS cross-compile environment using the script `contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh`. The script is `sourced` so the variables in the script are available to the calling shell. The script sets variables like `CC`, `CXX`, `AS` and `AR`; sets `CFLAGS` and `CXXFLAGS`; sets a `sysroot` so iOS headers and libraries are found; and adds the path to the toolchain to `PATH`.
222
223`contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh` knows which toolchain and architecture to select by inspecting environmental variables set by Travis for the job. In particular, the variables `IOS_SDK` and `IOS_CPU` tell `contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh` which tools and libraries to select.
224
225The `contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh` script specifies the tools to use during the cross-compile. For Apple SDKs, the tool names are the same as a desktop. There are no special prefixes for the mobile tools.
226
227```
228CPP=cpp
229CC=clang
230CXX=clang++
231LD=ld
232AS=as
233AR=ar
234RANLIB=ranlib
235STRIP=strip
236```
237
238If you are working from a developer machine you probably already have the necessary tools installed.
239
240### OpenSSL and Expat
241
242The fourth step builds OpenSSL and Expat. OpenSSL and Expat are built for iOS using the scripts `contrib/ios/install_openssl.sh` and `contrib/ios/install_expat.sh`. The scripts download, configure and install the latest release version of the libraries. The libraries are configured with `--prefix="$IOS_PREFIX"` so the headers are placed in `$IOS_PREFIX/include` directory, and the libraries are placed in the `$IOS_PREFIX/lib` directory.
243
244`IOS_PREFIX` is the value `$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU`. The scheme handles both iOS SDKs and cpu architectures so the pair receives a unique installation directory. The libraries will be installed in `$HOME/iPhoneOS-armv7s`, `$HOME/iPhoneOS-arm64`, `$HOME/iPhoneSimulator-i386`, etc. For Autotools projects, the appropriate `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` is exported.
245
246`PKG_CONFIG_PATH` is an important variable. It is the userland equivalent to sysroot, and allows Autotools to find non-system headers and libraries for an architecture. Typical `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` are `$HOME/iPhoneOS-armv7s/lib/pkgconfig` and `$HOME/iPhoneOS-arm64/lib/pkgconfig`.
247
248OpenSSL also uses a custom configuration file called `15-ios.conf`. It is a copy of the OpenSSL's project file and located at `contrib/ios/15-ios.conf`. The Unbound version is copied to the OpenSSL source files after unpacking the OpenSSL distribution. The changes mean Unbound's `15-ios.conf` will only work with Unbound and a properly set environment.
249
250OpenSSL is configured with `no-engine`. Engines require dynamic loading so engines are disabled permanently in `15-ios.conf`.
251
252### iOS build
253
254Finally, once OpenSSL and Expat are built, then the Travis script configures and builds Unbound. The full recipe looks as follows.
255
256```
257elif [ "$TEST_IOS" = "yes" ]; then
258 export AUTOTOOLS_BUILD="$(./config.guess)"
259 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$IOS_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig"
260 source ./contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh
261 ./contrib/ios/install_openssl.sh
262 ./contrib/ios/install_expat.sh
263 ./configure \
264 --build="$AUTOTOOLS_BUILD" \
265 --host="$AUTOTOOLS_HOST" \
266 --prefix="$IOS_PREFIX" \
267 --with-ssl="$IOS_PREFIX" \
268 --with-libexpat="$IOS_PREFIX" \
269 --disable-gost;
270 make -j 2
271 make install
272```
273
274Travis only smoke tests an iOS build using a compile, link and install. The self tests are not run. TODO: figure out how to fire up an simulator, push the tests to the device and run them.
275
276### iOS flags
277
278`contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh` uses specific flags for `CFLAGS` and `CXXFLAGS`. They are taken from Xcode, so we consider them the official flag set. It is important to use the same flags across projects to avoid subtle problems due to mixing and matching different flags.
279
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