1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 24# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 25# 26# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 27# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 28# 29# Other sources occasionally used include: 30# 31# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 32# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 33# which I found in the UCLA library. 34# 35# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 36# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 37# [PDF] (1914-03) 38# 39# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 40# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 41# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 42# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 43# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 44# 45# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 46# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 47# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 48# The full Russian citation is: 49# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 50# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 51# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 52# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 53# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 54# 55# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 56# History of Summer Time 57# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 58# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 59 60# 61# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 62# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 63# Corrections are welcome! 64# std dst 2dst 65# LMT Local Mean Time 66# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 67# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 68# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 69# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 70# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 71# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 72# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 73# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 74# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 75# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 76# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 77# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 78# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* 79# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow 80 81# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 82# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 83# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 84# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 85# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 86# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 87# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 88# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 89# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 90# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 91# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 92# ... 93# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 94# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 95# ... 96# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 97# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 98# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 99# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 100# in the Directive. 101 102 103############################################################################### 104 105# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 106 107# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 108# 109# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 110# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 111# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 112# of the text said: 113# 114# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 115# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 116# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 117# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 118# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 119# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 120# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 121# 122# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 123# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 124# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 125# 126# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 127 128# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 129# 130# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 131# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 132# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 133# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 134# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 135# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 136# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 137# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 138# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 139# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 140# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 141# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 142# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 143# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 144# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 145# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 146# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 147# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 148# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 149# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 150# 151# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 152# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 153# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 154 155# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 156# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 157# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 158# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 159# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 160# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 161# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 162# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 163# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 164# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 165# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 166# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 167# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 168# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 169# 170# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 171# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 172# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 173# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 174# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 175# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 176# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 177# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 178# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 179# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 180# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 181# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 182# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 183# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 184# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 185 186# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 187# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 188# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 189# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 190# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 191# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 192# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 193# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 194# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 195 196# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 197# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 198# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 199# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 200# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 201# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 202# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 203# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 204 205# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 206# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 207# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 208 209# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 210# From: Jonathan Leffler 211# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 212# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 213# politics making a fortune, not computing. 214 215# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 216# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 217# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 218# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 219# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 220 221# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 222# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 223# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 224# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 225 226# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 227# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 228# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 229# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 230# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 231# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 232# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 233# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 234 235# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 236# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 237# which is to be introduced in May.... 238# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 239# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 240 241# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 242# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 243# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 244# so we use 'BDST'. 245 246# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 247# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 248# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 249# and extending this list, which can be found in 250# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 251 252# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 253# 254# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 255# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 256# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 257# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 258 259# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 260# 261# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 262# 263# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 264# are incorrect: 265# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 266# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 267# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 268# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 269# It actually just had one transition. 270# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 271# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 272# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 273# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 274# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 275# 276# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 277# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 278# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 279# conform with Great Britain. 280# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 281# 282# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 283# we'll ignore it for now. 284# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 285# 286# 287# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 288# Shanks & Pottenger. 289# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 290# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 291# to London. For example: 292# 293# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 294# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 295 296# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 297# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 298# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 299# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 300# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 301# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 302# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 303 304# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 305# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 306# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 307# 308# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 309# 310# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 311# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 312# 313# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 314# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 315# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 316# 317# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 318# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 319# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 320# 321# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 322# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 323# 324# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 325# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 326# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 327# 328# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 329# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 330# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 331# being GMT+1.) 332 333# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 334# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 335# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 336# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 337# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 338# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 339# and Frethun run in CT. 340# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 341# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 342# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 343# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 344# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 345# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 346 347# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 348# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 349# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 350# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 351# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 352# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 353# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 354 355# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 356# Summer Time Act, 1916 357Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 358Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 359# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 360Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 361Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 362# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 363Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 364Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 365# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 366Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 367Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 368# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 369Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 370# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 371Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 372# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 373Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 374Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 375# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 376Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 377Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 378# The Summer Time Act, 1922 379Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 381Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 382Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 383# The Summer Time Act, 1925 384Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 385Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 386Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 387Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 388Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 389Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 390Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 391Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 392Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 393Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 394Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 395# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 396Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 397# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 398Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 399# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 400Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 402# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 403Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 404# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 405Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 406# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 407Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 408Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 409# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 410Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 411Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 412# The Summer Time Act, 1947 413Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 414Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 415Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 416Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 417# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 418Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 419Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 420# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 421Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 422Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 423# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 424# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 425# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 426Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 427Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 428# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 429Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 430Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 431Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 432Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 433Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 434Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 435Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 436# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 437# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 438# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 439Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 440Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 441# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 442# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 443# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 444Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 445# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 446Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 447# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 448# (no summer time) 449# The Summer Time Act, 1972 450Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 451Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 452# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 453# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 454# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 455# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 456Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 457Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 458# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 459# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 460# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 461Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 462# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 463# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 464# 465# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 466 467# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 469 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 470 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 471 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 472 0:00 EU GMT/BST 473Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 474Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 475Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 476 477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 478Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 479 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 480 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 481 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 482 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 483 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 484 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 485 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 486 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 487 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 488 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 489 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 490 0:00 EU GMT/IST 491 492############################################################################### 493 494# Europe 495 496# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 497# Common Market, etc. 498 499# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 500Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 501Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 502Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 503Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 504Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 505Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 506# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 507# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 508# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 509# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 510 511# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 512Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 513Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 514Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 515Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 516Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 517Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 518 519# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 520# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 521Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 522Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 523Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 524Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 525Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 526Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 527Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 528Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 529Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 530# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 531Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 532# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 533# 534# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 535# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 536# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 537# tz database itself, as seen below: 538# 539# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 540# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 541# 542# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 543# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 544# 545# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 546# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 547# 548# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 549# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 550# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 551# 552# The rule line to be changed is: 553# 554# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 555# 556# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 557# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 558# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 559# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 560# CET and MET: 561# 562# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 563# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 564# 565# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 566# 567# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 568# 569# A small step for mankind though 8-) 570Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 571Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 572Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 573Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 574Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 575Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 576Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 577 578# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 579Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 580Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 581Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 582Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 583Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 584Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 585 586# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 587Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 588Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 589Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 590Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 591Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 592Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 593Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 594Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 595Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer 596Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 597Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 598# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 599Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 600Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 601# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 602# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 603Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 604Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 605# 606Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 607Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 608Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 609Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 610Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 611# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 612 613# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 614# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 615# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 616# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 617# 618# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 619# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 620# 621# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 622# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 623 624# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 625# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 626# to be standard. 627 628# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 629 630# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 631Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 632Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 633Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 634Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 635 636# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 637# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 638 639# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 640# The official German names ... are 641# 642# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 643# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 644# 645# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 646# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 647# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 648# 649# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 650# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 651# Postfach 3345 652# D-38023 Braunschweig 653# phone: +49 531 592-0 654# 655# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 656# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 657# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 658# 659# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 660# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 661 662 663# Albania 664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 665Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 666Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 667Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 668Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 669Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 670Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 671Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 672Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 673Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 674Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 675Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 676Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 677Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 678Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 679Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 680Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 681Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 682Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 683Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 684Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 685Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 686Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 687Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 688Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 689Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 690# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 691Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 692 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 693 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 694 1:00 EU CE%sT 695 696# Andorra 697# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 698Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 699 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 700 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 701 1:00 EU CE%sT 702 703# Austria 704 705# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 706 707# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 708# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 709# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 710# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 711# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 712# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 713 714# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 715Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 716Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 717Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 718Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 719Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 720Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 721Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 722Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 723# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 724Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 725 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 726 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 727 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 728 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 729 1:00 - CET 1946 730 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 731 1:00 EU CE%sT 732 733# Belarus 734# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 735# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 736# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 737# 738# Sources (Russian language): 739# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 740# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 741# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 742# 743# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 744# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 745# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 746# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): 747# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. 748# 749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 751 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 752 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 753 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 754 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 755 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 756 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 757 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 758 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 759 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 760 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 761 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s 762 3:00 - MSK 763 764# Belgium 765# 766# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 767# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 768# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 769# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 770# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 771# pp 8-9. 772# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 773# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 774# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 775# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 776# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 777# 778# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 779Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 780Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 781Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 782Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 783Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 784Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 785Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 786Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 787Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 788Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 789Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 790Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 791# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 792# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 793# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 794# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 795Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 796Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 797Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 798Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 799Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 800Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 801Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 802Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 803Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 804Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 805Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 806Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 807Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 808Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 809Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 810Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 811Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 812Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 813Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 814Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 815Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 816Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 817# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 818Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 819 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 820 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 821 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 822 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 823 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 824 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 825 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 826 1:00 EU CE%sT 827 828# Bosnia and Herzegovina 829# See Europe/Belgrade. 830 831# Bulgaria 832# 833# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 834# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 835# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 836# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 837# 838# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 839Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 840Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 841Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 842Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 843Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 844# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 845Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 846 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 847 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 848 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 849 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 850 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 851 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 852 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 853 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 854 2:00 EU EE%sT 855 856# Croatia 857# See Europe/Belgrade. 858 859# Cyprus 860# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 861 862# Czech Republic 863# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 864Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 865Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 866Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 867Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 868Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 869Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 870Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 871# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 872Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 873 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 874 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 875 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 876 1:00 EU CE%sT 877# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 878 879# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 880 881# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 882# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 883# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 884# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 885# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 886# 887# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 888# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 889# 890# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 891# in subsequent decrees with the law 892# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 893# 894# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 895# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 896# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 897# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 898# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 899# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 900# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 901# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 902# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 903# was suspended on that night): 904# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 905 906# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 907# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 908# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 909 910# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 911# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 912# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 913 914# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 915Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 916Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 917Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 918Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 919Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 920Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 921Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 922Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 923Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 924Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 925Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 926# 927# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 928Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 929 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 930 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 931 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 932 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 933 1:00 EU CE%sT 934Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 935 0:00 - WET 1981 936 0:00 EU WE%sT 937# 938# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 939# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 940# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 941# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 942# 943# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 944# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 945# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 946# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 947# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 948# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 949 950# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 951# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 952# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 953# 954# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 955# is according to the following time line: 956# 957# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 958# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 959# Scoresbysund UTC-1 960# Danmarkshavn UTC 961# 962# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 963# introduced. 964 965# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 966# 967# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 968# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 969# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 970# info from earlier correspondence.] 971# 972# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 973# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 974# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 975# 976# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 977# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 978# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 979# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 980# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 981# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 982# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 983# 984# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 985# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 986# 987# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 988# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 989# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 990# 991# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 992# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 993# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 994# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 995# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 996 997# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 998# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 999# there at 2:00 AM. 1000 1001# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1002# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1003# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1004# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1005# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1006# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1007# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1008# 1009# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1010Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1011Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1012Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1013Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1014Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1015Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1016# 1017# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1018Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1019 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1020 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1021 0:00 - GMT 1022Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1023 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1024 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1025 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1026Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1027 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1028 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1029Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1030 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1031 1032# Estonia 1033# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1034# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1035# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1036# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1037# 1038# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1039# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1040# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1041# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1042# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1043# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1044# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1045# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1046# summer time next spring." 1047 1048# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1049# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1050# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1051# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1052# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1053# 1054# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1055# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1056# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1057 1058# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1059# via Steffen Thorsen: 1060# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1061# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1062# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1063# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1064# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1065# after that. 1066 1067# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1068# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1069# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1070# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1071 1072# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1073# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1074# Now we are using again EU rules. 1075# 1076# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1077# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1078 1079# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1080Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1081 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1082 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1083 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1084 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1085 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1086 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1087 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1088 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1089 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1090 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1091 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1092 2:00 EU EE%sT 1093 1094# Finland 1095 1096# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1097# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1098# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1099 1100# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1101# 1102# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1103# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1104# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1105# according to the central European standards. 1106# 1107# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1108# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1109# Finnish) at 1110# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1111# 1112# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1113# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1114# 1115# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1116# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1117# 1118# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1119# exist tonight." 1120 1121# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1122# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1123# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1124# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1125# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1126# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1127# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1128# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1129# 1130# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1131# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1132 1133# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1134Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1135Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1136Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1137Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1138 1139# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1140# round to nearest. 1141 1142# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1143Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1144 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1145 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1146 2:00 EU EE%sT 1147 1148# Åland Is 1149Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1150 1151 1152# France 1153 1154# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1155# 1156# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1157# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1158# 1159# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1160# Paris, 1991 1161# 1162# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1163# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1164 1165 1166# 1167# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1168# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1169Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1170Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1171Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1172Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1173Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1174Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1175Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1176Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1177Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1178Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1179# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1180# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1181# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1182Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1183Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1184Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1185Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1186Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1187Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1188Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1189Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1190Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1191Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1192Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1193Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1194Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1195Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1196Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1197Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1198Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1199Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1200Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1201Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1202# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1203# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1204# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1205# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1206# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1207# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1208# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1209# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1210Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1211# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1212# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1213# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1214# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1215Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1216Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1217Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1218Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1219Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1220Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1221Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1222Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1223Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1224# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1225# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1226Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1227Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1228# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1229# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1230# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1231# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1233Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1234 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1235# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1236 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1237# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1238# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1239 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1240 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1241 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1242 1:00 EU CE%sT 1243 1244# Germany 1245 1246# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1247# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1248# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1249# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1250 1251# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1252# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1253# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1254# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1255 1256# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1257# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1258# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1259# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1260# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1261 1262 1263# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1264Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1265Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1266Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1267# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1268# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1269# Go with the PTB. 1270Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1271Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1272Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1273Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1274Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1275 1276Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1277Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1278Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1279 1280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1281Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1282 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1283 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1284 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1285 1:00 EU CE%sT 1286 1287# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1288# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1289# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1290# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1291# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1292# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1293# 1294# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1295# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1296 1297# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1298# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1299 1300Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1301 1302# Georgia 1303# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1304# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1305# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1306 1307# Gibraltar 1308# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1309Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1310 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1311 1:00 - CET 1982 1312 1:00 EU CE%sT 1313 1314# Greece 1315# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1316# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1317Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1318Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1319# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1320Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1321# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1322Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1323Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1324Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1325# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1326Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1327Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1328Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1329Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1330Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1331Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1332Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1333Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1334Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1335Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1336Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1337Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1338Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1340Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1341 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1342 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1343 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1344 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1345 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1346 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1347 2:00 EU EE%sT 1348 1349# Hungary 1350# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1351# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1352# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1353# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1354# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1355# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1356# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1357# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1358Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1359Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1360Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1361Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1362Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1363Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1364Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1365Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1366Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1367Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1368Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1369Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1370Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1371Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1372Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1373Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1374Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1375Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1377Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1378 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1379 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1380 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1381 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1382 1:00 EU CE%sT 1383 1384# Iceland 1385# 1386# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1387# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1388# 1389# (1993-12-05): 1390# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1391# Iceland Almanak. 1392# 1393# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1394# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1395# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1396# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1397# 1398# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1399# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1400# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1401# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1402# 1403# (1993-12-10): 1404# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1405# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1406# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1407# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1408# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1409# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1410# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1411# might mean something else (???). 1412# 1413# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1414# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1415# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1416# 1417# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1418Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1419Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1420Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1421Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1422Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1423Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1424Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1425Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1426Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1427Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 1428# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1429Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1430Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1431# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1432Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1433# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1434Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1435Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1436Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1438Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1439 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1440 0:00 - GMT 1441 1442# Italy 1443# 1444# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1445# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1446# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1447# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1448# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1449# so record only the time in Rome. 1450# 1451# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1452# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1453# F. Pollastri 1454# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1455# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html 1456# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1457# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1458# 1459# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1460# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1461# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1462# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1463# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1464# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1465# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1466# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1467# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1468# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1469# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1470# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1471# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1472# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1473# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1474# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1475# 1476# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1477Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1478Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1479Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1480Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1481Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1482Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1483Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1484Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1485Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1486Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1487Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1488Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1489Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1490Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1491Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1492Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1493Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1494Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1495Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1496Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1497Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1498Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1499Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1500Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1501Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1502Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1503Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1504Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1505Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1506Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1507Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1508Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1509Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1510Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1511Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1512Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1513# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1514Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1515 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1516 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1517 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1518 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1519 1:00 EU CE%sT 1520 1521Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1522Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1523 1524# Latvia 1525 1526# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1527 1528# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1529# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1530# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1531# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1532# 1533# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1534# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1535# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1536# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1537# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1538# 1539# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1540# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1541# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1542# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1543# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1544# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1545# 1546# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1547# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1548# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1549# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1550# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1551# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1552# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1553# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1554# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1555# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1556# 1557# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1558# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1559# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1560 1561# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1562# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1563# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1564# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1565# in Latvian for subscribers only). 1566 1567# From RFE/RL Newsline 1568# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1569# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1570# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1571# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1572# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1573# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1574# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1575# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1576# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1577# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1578# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1579# appears that they will not do so.... 1580 1581# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1582Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1583Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1584 1585# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1586# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1587# Go with Byalokoz. 1588 1589# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1590Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1591 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1592 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1593 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1594 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1595 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1596 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1597 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1598 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1599 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1600 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1601 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1602 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1603 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1604 2:00 EU EE%sT 1605 1606# Liechtenstein 1607 1608# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1609# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1610 1611# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1612# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1613# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1614# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1615# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1616# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1617# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1618# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1619# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1620 1621Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1622 1623 1624# Lithuania 1625 1626# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1627# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1628# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1629 1630# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1631# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1632# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1633 1634# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1635# via Steffen Thorsen: 1636# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1637# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1638# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1639# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1640# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1641# already done by Estonia. 1642 1643# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1644# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1645# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1646 1647# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1648# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1649# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1650# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1651# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1652# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1653# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1654 1655 1656# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1657Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1658 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1659 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1660 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1661 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1662 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1663 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1664 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1665 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1666 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1667 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1668 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1669 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1670 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1671 2:00 EU EE%sT 1672 1673# Luxembourg 1674# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1675# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1676# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1677Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1678Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1679Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1680Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1681Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1682Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1683Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1684Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1685Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1686Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1687Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1688Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1689Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1690Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1691Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1692Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1693Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1694Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1695Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1696Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1697Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1698Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1699Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1700# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1701Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1702 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1703 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1704 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1705 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1706 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1707 1:00 EU CE%sT 1708 1709# Macedonia 1710# See Europe/Belgrade. 1711 1712# Malta 1713# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1714Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1715Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1716Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1717Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1718Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1719Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1720Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1721# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1722Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1723 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1724 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1725 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1726 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1727 1:00 EU CE%sT 1728 1729# Moldova 1730 1731# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1732# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1733# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1734# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1735# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1736# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1737# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1738# But [two people] separately reported via 1739# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1740# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1741# 1742# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1743# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1744# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1745# to the Winter Time). 1746# 1747# News (in Russian): 1748# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1749# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1750# 1751# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1752# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1753# 1754# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1755# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1756# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1757# 1758# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1759# 1760# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1761# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1762# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1763# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1764# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1765# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1766# News from Moldova (in russian): 1767# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1768 1769# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1770# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1771# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1772# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1773# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1774# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1775# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1776# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1777 1778# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1779Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1780Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1781 1782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1783Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1784 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1785 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1786 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1787 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1788 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1789 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1790 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1791 2:00 - EET 1991 1792 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1793 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1794# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1795 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 1796 1797# Monaco 1798# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1799# more precise 0:09:21. 1800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1801Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1802 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1803 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1804 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1805 1:00 EU CE%sT 1806 1807# Montenegro 1808# See Europe/Belgrade. 1809 1810# Netherlands 1811 1812# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1813# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1814 1815# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1816# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1817# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1818# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1819# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1820# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1821# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1822# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1823# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1824# 1825# (2001-04-08): 1826# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1827# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1828# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1829# 1830# (2001-04-09): 1831# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1832# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1833# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1834# actually followed. 1835# 1836# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1837# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1838# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1839# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1840# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1841# 1842# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1843# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1844# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1845# Amsterdam mean time. 1846 1847# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1848# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1849 1850# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1851Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1852Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1853Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1854Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1855Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1856Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1857Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1858Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1859Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1860Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1861Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1862# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1863# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1864Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1865Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1866Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1867Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1868Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1869Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1870Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1871Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1872Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1873# 1874# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1875# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1876# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1877Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1878 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1879 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1881 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1882 1:00 EU CE%sT 1883 1884# Norway 1885# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1886# Pottenger. 1887# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1888Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1889Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1890Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1891Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1892Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1893Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1894Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1895# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1896Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1897 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1898 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1899 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1900 1:00 EU CE%sT 1901 1902# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1903 1904# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1905# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1906# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1907# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1908# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1909# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1910# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1911# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1912# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1913# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1914# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1915# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1916# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1917# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1918# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1919# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1920# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1921# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1922 1923# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1924# 1925# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1926# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1927# keeping Berlin time. 1928# 1929# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1930# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1931# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1932# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1933# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1934# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1935# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1936# 1937# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1938# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1939# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1940# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1941# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1942# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1943# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1944# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1945# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1946# 1947# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1948# for these regions. 1949Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1950 1951# Poland 1952 1953# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 1954# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 1955 1956# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1957Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1958Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1959Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1960# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1961Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1962# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1963Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1964Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1965# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1966# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1967# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 1968# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1969# He also gives these further references: 1970# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1971# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1972Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1973Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1974Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1975Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1976Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1977Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1978Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1979Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1980Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1981Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1982Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1983Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1984Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1985Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1987Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1988 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1989 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1990 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1991 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1992 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1993 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1994 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1995 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 1997# Portugal 1998# 1999# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2000# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2001# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2002# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2003# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2004# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2005# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2006# 2007# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2008# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2009# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2010# 2011# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2012# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2013# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2014# 2015# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2016# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2017# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2018# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2019# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2020# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2021# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2022# 2023# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2024# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2025# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2026# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2027Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2028# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2029Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2030Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2031Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2032Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2033Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2034Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2035Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2036Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2037Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2038Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2039Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2040Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2041Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2042Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2043Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2044# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2045Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2046Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2047Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2048# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2049Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2050# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2051Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2052Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2053# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2054Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2055Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2056Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2057# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2058Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2059Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2060# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2061Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2062Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2063Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2064Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2065Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2066Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2067Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2068Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2069Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2070Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2071Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2072Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2073Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2074# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2075# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2076Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2077Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2078Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2079Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2080Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2081Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2082Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2083Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2084Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2085Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2086# 2087# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2088Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2089 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2090 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2091 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2092 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2093 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2094 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2095 0:00 EU WE%sT 2096Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2097 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2098 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2099 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2100 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2101 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2102 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2103Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2104 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2105 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2106 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2107 0:00 EU WE%sT 2108 2109# Romania 2110# 2111# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2112# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2113# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2114# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2115# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2116# the same year as Bulgaria. 2117# 2118# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2119Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2120Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2121Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2122Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2123Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2124Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2125Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2126Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2127Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2129Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2130 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2131 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2132 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2133 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2134 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2135 2:00 EU EE%sT 2136 2137 2138# Russia 2139 2140# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2141# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2142# (Government document 2143# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2144# in Russian) 2145# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2146# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2147# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2148# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2149 2150# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2151# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2152# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2153# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2154 2155# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2156# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2157# changed in September 2011: 2158# 2159# One source is 2160# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2161# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2162# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2163# 2164# Another source is 2165# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2166# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2167# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2168# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2169# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2170# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2171# 2172# Another source is 2173# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2174# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2175# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2176# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2177# 2178# The Wikipedia article refers to 2179# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2180# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2181# 2182# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2183# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2184# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2185# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2186# Conradi notes). 2187# 2188# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2189# 2190# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2191 2192# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2193# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2194# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2195# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2196# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2197# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2198# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2199# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2200# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2201# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2202# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2203# 2204# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2205# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2206# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2207# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2208# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2209# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2210# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2211 2212# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2213# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2214# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2215# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2216# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2217# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2218# 2219# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2220# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2221# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2222# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2223# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2224# 2225# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2226# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2227# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2228# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2229# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2230# 2231# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2232# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2233# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2234# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2235# 2236# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2237# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2238# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2239# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2240# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2241# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2242# 2243# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2244# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2245# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2246# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2247# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2248# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2249# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2250# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2251 2252# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2253# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2254# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2255# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2256# listing. The region codes listed come from 2257# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2258# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2259# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2260# divisions where available. 2261 2262# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2263 2264 2265# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2266# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2267# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2268 2269Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2270 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2271 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2272 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2273 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2274 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2275 2:00 - EET 2276 2277 2278# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2279# Europe/Moscow covers... 2280# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2281# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2282# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2283# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2284# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2285# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2286# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2287# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2288# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2289# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2290# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2291# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2292# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2293# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2294# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2295# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2296# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2297# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2298# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2299# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2300# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2301# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2302# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2303# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2304# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2305# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2306# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2307# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2308# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2309# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2310# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2311# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2312# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2313# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2314# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2315# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2316# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2317# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2318# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2319# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2320# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2321# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2322# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2323# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2324# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2325# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2326 2327# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2328# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2329# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2330# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2331# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2332# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2333# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2334# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2335# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2336# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2337# 2:31:19 ... 2338# 2339# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2340# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2341# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2342# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2343# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2344 2345Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2346 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2347 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2348 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2349 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2350 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2351 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2352 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2353 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2354 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2355 3:00 - MSK 2356 2357 2358# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2359# Europe/Simferopol covers... 2360# ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2361# ** **** Sevastopol 2362 2363Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2364 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2365 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2366 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2367 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2368 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2369 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2370 2:00 - EET 1992 2371# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2372# 2373# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2374# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2375# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2376# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2377# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2378# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2379# changed in May. 2380 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2381# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2382 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2383 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2384# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2385# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2386 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2387 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2388# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2389# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2390# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2391# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2392# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2393# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2394# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2395 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2396 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2397 3:00 - MSK 2398 2399 2400# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2401# Europe/Volgograd covers... 2402# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2403# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2404# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2405# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2406 2407# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): 2408# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. 2409# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. 2410 2411Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2412 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2413 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2414 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2415 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2416 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2417 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2418 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2419 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2420 3:00 - MSK 2421 2422 2423# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2424# Europe/Samara covers... 2425# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2426# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2427 2428# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2429 2430Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2431 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2432 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2433 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2434 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2435 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2436 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2437 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2438 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2439 4:00 - SAMT 2440 2441 2442# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2443# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2444# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2445# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2446# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2447# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2448# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2449# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2450# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2451# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2452# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2453# 2454# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2455# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2456 2457# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2458# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2459# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2460# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2461 2462Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2463 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2464 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2465 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2466 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2467 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2468 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2469 5:00 - YEKT 2470 2471 2472# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2473# Asia/Omsk covers... 2474# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2475# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2476# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2477 2478# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2479 2480Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2481 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time 2482 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2483 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2484 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2485 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2486 6:00 - OMST 2487 2488 2489# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2490# Asia/Novosibirsk covers... 2491# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2492# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2493 2494# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2495# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2496 2497Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2498 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2499 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2500 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2501 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2502 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2503 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2504 6:00 - NOVT 2505 2506 2507# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2508# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2509# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2510 2511# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2512# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2513# March 28, 2010: 2514# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2515# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2516# 2517# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2518# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2519# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2520# 2521# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2522# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2523# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2524# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2525# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2526# 2527# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2528# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2529# 2530# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2531# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2532 2533# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2534# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2535# realigning itself with KRAT. 2536 2537Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2538 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2539 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2540 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2541 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2542 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk 2543 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2544 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time 2545 2546 2547# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2548# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2549# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2550# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2551# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2552# 2553# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2554# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2555 2556# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2557 2558Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2559 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2560 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2561 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2562 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2563 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2564 7:00 - KRAT 2565 2566 2567# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2568# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2569# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2570# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2571# 2572# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2573# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2574 2575# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2576# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2577# Go with Byalokoz. 2578 2579Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2580 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2581 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2582 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2583 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2584 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2585 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2586 8:00 - IRKT 2587 2588 2589# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2590# Asia/Chita covers... 2591# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2592# 2593# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2594# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2595 2596Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2597 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2598 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2599 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2600 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2601 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2602 8:00 - IRKT 2603 2604 2605# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2606# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2607# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2608# 2609# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2610# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2611# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2612# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2613# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2614# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2615# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2616# 14-11 **** Gorny District 2617# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2618# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2619# 14-14 **** Lensky District 2620# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2621# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2622# 14-18 **** Namsky District 2623# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2624# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2625# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2626# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2627# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2628# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2629# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2630# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2631# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2632# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2633 2634# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2635# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2636# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2637# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2638 2639# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2640 2641Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2642 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2643 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2644 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2645 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2646 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2647 9:00 - YAKT 2648 2649 2650# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2651# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2652# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2653# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2654# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 2655# 2656# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2657# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2658# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2659 2660# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2661# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2662# Go with Byalokoz. 2663 2664Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2665 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2666 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2667 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2668 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2669 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2670 10:00 - VLAT 2671 2672 2673# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2674# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2675# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 2676# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 2677 2678# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2679# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2680# in 2011. 2681 2682# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2683# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2684# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2685# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2686 2687Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2688 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2689 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2690 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2691 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2692 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2693 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2694 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2695 9:00 - YAKT 2696 2697 2698# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2699# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 2700# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 2701# ...with the exception of: 2702# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2703 2704# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2705Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2706 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 2707 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2708 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 2709 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2710 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2711 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2712 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2713 10:00 - SAKT 2714 2715 2716# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2717# Asia/Magadan covers... 2718# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 2719 2720# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2721# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 2722# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 2723# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 2724# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 2725# need their own zone. 2726 2727Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2728 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2729 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2730 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2731 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2732 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2733 10:00 - MAGT 2734 2735 2736# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2737# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2738# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 2739# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 2740# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 2741# 14-17 **** Momsky District 2742# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 2743# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 2744# 2745# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 2746# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2747 2748# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 2749# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 2750# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 2751# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 2752# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 2753# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 2754 2755# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2756# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 2757# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 2758# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 2759# 2760# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 2761# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 2762# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 2763# each! (Yikes!) 2764# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 2765# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 2766# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 2767# 2768# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 2769# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 2770# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 2771# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 2772# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 2773# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 2774# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 2775# Go with Srednekolymsk. 2776# 2777# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT 2778# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. 2779 2780Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2781 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2782 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2783 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2784 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2785 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2786 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time 2787 2788 2789# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2790# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2791# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 2792 2793# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2794# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 2795# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2796# 2797# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2798# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 2799# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 2800# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 2801# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 2802 2803Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2804 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2805 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2806 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2807 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2808 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2809 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2810 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2811 10:00 - VLAT 2812 2813 2814# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2815# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 2816# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 2817# 2818# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 2819# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 2820 2821# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 2822# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 2823Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2824 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2825 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2826 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2827 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2828 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2829 12:00 - PETT 2830 2831 2832# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2833# Asia/Anadyr covers... 2834# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 2835 2836Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2837 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2838 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2839 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2840 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2841 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2842 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2843 12:00 - ANAT 2844 2845 2846# San Marino 2847# See Europe/Rome. 2848 2849# Serbia 2850# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2851Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2852 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2853 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2854 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2855 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2856# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 2857# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2858# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 2859 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2860 1:00 EU CE%sT 2861Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2862Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2863Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2864Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2865Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2866 2867# Slovakia 2868Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2869 2870# Slovenia 2871# See Europe/Belgrade. 2872 2873# Spain 2874# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2875# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2876# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2877Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2878Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2879Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2880Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2881# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2882Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2883# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2884Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2885Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2886# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2887Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2888Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2889Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2890Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2891# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2892# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2893Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2894Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2895Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2896Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2897Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2898# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2899Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2900Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2901Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2902Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2903Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2904Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2905Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2906Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2907Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2908Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2909Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2910Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2911Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2912Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2913Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2914# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2915Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2916Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2917Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2918Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2919Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2920Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2921Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2922Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2923Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2924# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2925Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2926 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2927 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2928 1:00 EU CE%sT 2929Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2930 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2931 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2932 0:00 - WET 1924 2933 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2934 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2935 1:00 - CET 1986 2936 1:00 EU CE%sT 2937Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2938 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 2939 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2940 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 2941 0:00 EU WE%sT 2942# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2943# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2944 2945# Sweden 2946 2947# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2948# 2949# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2950# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2951# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2952# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2953# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2954# 2955# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2956# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2957# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2958# 2959# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2960# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2961# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2962# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2963# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2964# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2965# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2966# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2967# 2968# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2969# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2970# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2971# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2972# 2973# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2974# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2975# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2976# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2977# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2978# the Sök-button). 2979# 2980# (2001-05-13): 2981# 2982# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2983# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2984# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2985# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2986# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2987# hour before the event took place. 2988# 2989# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2990 2991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2992Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2993 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2994 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2995 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 2996 1:00 - CET 1980 2997 1:00 EU CE%sT 2998 2999# Switzerland 3000# From Howse: 3001# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3002# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3003# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3004# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3005# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3006# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3007# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3008# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3009# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3010# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3011 3012# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3013# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3014# 3015# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3016# to be wrong. This is now verified. 3017# 3018# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3019# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3020# federal law collection)... 3021# 3022# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3023# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3024# 3025# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3026# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3027# 3028# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3029# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3030# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3031# other years are made. 3032# 3033# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3034# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3035# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3036# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3037# 3038# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3039# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3040# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3041# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3042# 3043# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3044# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3045# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3046# 3047# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3048# 3049# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3050# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3051# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3052# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3053# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3054# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3055# 3056# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3057# The Federal regulations say 3058# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3059# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3060# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3061 3062# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3063# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3064# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3065# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3066# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3067# hour before the beginning of service. 3068 3069# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3070# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3071# 3072# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3073# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3074# 3075# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3076# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3077# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3078# 3079# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3080# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3081# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3082# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3083# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3084# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3085# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3086# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3087# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3088# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3089# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3090 3091# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3092Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3093Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3094# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3095Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3096 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3097 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3098 1:00 EU CE%sT 3099 3100# Turkey 3101 3102# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 3103# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 3104# ... The latest rules are available at: 3105# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 3106# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 3107# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 3108# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 3109# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 3110# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 3111# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 3112# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 3113# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 3114# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 3115# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 3116# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 3117# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 3118 3119# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3120# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3121# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3122# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3123# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3124# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3125# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3126# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3127# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3128 3129# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3130# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3131# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3132# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3133# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3134# Turkish: 3135# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3136 3137# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3138# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3139# Turkish Local election.... 3140# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3141# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3142# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3143# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3144# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3145# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3146# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3147# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3148# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3149# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3150# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3151# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3152 3153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3154Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3155Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3156Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3157Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3158Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3159Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3160Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3161Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3162# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3163# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3164Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3165Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3166Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3167Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3168Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3169Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3170Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3171Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3172# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3173# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3174Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3175Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3176Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3177Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3178Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3179Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3180Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3181Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3182Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3183Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3184Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3185Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3186Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3187Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3188Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3189Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3190Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3191Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3192Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3193Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3194Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3195Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3196Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3197Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3198Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3199Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3200Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3201Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3202Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3203Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3204Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3205Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3206Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3207Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3208Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3209Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3210Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3211Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3212# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3213Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3214 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3215 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3216 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 3217 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3218 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3219 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3220 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3221 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3222 2:00 EU EE%sT 3223Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3224 3225# Ukraine 3226# 3227# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3228# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3229# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3230# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3231# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3232# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3233# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3234 3235# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3236# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3237# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3238# 3239# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3240# approval from 266 deputies. 3241# 3242# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3243# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3244# 3245# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3246# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3247# 3248# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3249# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3250# 3251# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3252# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3253# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3254# time this year after all. 3255# 3256# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3257# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3258# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3259# to Russia) was reverted today: 3260# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3261# 3262# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3263# The law documents themselves are at 3264# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3265 3266# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3267# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3268# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3269# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3270# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3271# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3272# 3273# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3274# "summer time" was still in action): 3275# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3276# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3277# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3278# 3279# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3280# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3281# 3282# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3283# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3284# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3285# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3286# This is an answer. 3287# 3288# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3289# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3290# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3291# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3292# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3293 3294# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3295# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3296# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3297# "Kiev" is more common in English. 3298Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3299 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3300 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3301 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3302 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3303 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3304 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3305 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3306 2:00 EU EE%sT 3307# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3308# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3309# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3310Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3311 1:00 - CET 1940 3312 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3313 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3314 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3315 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3316 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3317 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3318 2:00 - EET 1992 3319 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3320 2:00 EU EE%sT 3321# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3322# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3323# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3324# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3325# portable Posix file names. 3326Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3327 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3328 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3329 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3330 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3331 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3332 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3333 2:00 EU EE%sT 3334 3335# Vatican City 3336# See Europe/Rome. 3337 3338############################################################################### 3339 3340# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3341# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3342# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3343# 3344# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3345# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3346# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3347# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3348# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3349# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3350 3351# ... 3352# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3353# From: Tom Hofmann 3354# ... 3355# 3356# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3357# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3358# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3359# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3360# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3361# years... 3362# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3363# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3364# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3365# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3366# 3367# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3368# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3369# 3370# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3371# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3372# ... 3373 3374# ... 3375# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3376# From: Dik T. Winter 3377# ... 3378# 3379# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3380# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3381# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3382# 3383# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3384# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3385# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3386# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3387# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3388# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3389# dates... 3390# 3391# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3392# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3393# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3394# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3395# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3396# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3397# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3398# in advance of normal time. 3399# 3400# ... 3401# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3402# ... 3403 3404# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3405# ... 3406# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3407# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3408# ... 3409# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3410# ... 3411