1# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database 2 3# This file is in the public domain. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know 6# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 12 13# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database, 14# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970. 15# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in 16# the file 'backward'. 17 18# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing 19# pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny 20# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover 21# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the 22# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of 23# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or 24# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they 25# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps. 26 27# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 28# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 29# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 30# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 31 32# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it 33# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use 34# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file. 35 36 37# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 38# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime. 39# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome. 40# 41# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 42# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be 43# incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones 44# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do 45# not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that 46# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet, 47# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950 48# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the 49# communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of 50# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition, 51# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from 52# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China 53# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it 54# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under 55# their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry 56# should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at 57# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82 58# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data 59# currently listed in the tz database according to official 60# announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in 61# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time 62# being cited on the webpage. 63 64 65# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the 66# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other 67# commentary and rules associated with the entry. 68# If the zone overrides links in the main data, it 69# is followed by the corresponding Link lines. 70# If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with 71# PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line 72# that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab". 73# 74# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: 75# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 76# and the rule columns are: 77# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78 79 80# Ghana 81 82# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 83# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] 84# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 85# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 86# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the 87# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. 88# 89# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] 90# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 91# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 92# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. 93# 94# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) 95# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) 96# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 97# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 98# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. 99# 100# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] 101# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 102# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 103# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 104# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. 105# 106# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 107# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] 108# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 109# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 110# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 111# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. 112# 113# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, 114# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] 115# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 116# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 117# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 118# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. 119# 120# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of 121# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] 122# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 123# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 124# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 125# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. 126# 127# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] 128# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 129# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 130# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 131# This Ordinance abolished DST. 132# 133# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] 134# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 135# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 136# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 137# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. 138# 139# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) 140# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 141# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 142# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. 143# 144# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] 145# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the 146# Year 1956, p 83 147# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 148# This Ordinance abolished DST. 149 150Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 151Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 152Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 153Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 154Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 155Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 156 157Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 158 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 159 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 160 0:00 Ghana %s 161 162# Ethiopia 163# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 164# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 165# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 166# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 167# 168# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 169# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 170# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 171# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 172# anyway. 173Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 174 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 175 3:00 - EAT 176 177# Eritrea 178Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 179 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 180 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 181 3:00 - EAT 182Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera 183 184# Mali (southern) 185Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 186 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 187 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 188 0:00 - GMT 189#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 190 191# Central African Republic 192Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 193 1:00 - WAT 194 195# The Gambia 196# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 197# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was 198# adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946. 199# 200# Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29] 201# Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31] 202# Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX, 203# No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2 204# Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15] 205Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 206 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 207 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 208 0:00 - GMT 209 210# Malawi 211# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 212# In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In 213# 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01, 214# GMT+2 was adopted. 215# 216# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911) 217# [1911-07-24] 218# Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol. 219# XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122 220# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of 221# 1925) [1925-04-02] 222Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 223 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 224 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 225 2:00 - CAT 226 227# Republic of the Congo 228Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 229 1:00 - WAT 230 231# Burundi 232Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 233 2:00 - CAT 234 235# Guinea 236Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 237 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 238 -1:00 - -01 1960 239 0:00 - GMT 240 241# Senegal 242Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 243 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 244 0:00 - GMT 245 246# Tanzania 247Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 248 3:00 - EAT 1948 249 2:45 - +0245 1961 250 3:00 - EAT 251 252# Djibouti 253Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 254 3:00 - EAT 255 256# Cameroon 257# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 258Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 259 1:00 - WAT 260# Sierra Leone 261# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 262# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was 263# introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by 264# Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946. 265# 266# Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette, 267# Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347 268# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01] 269# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24] 270# Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05 271# Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27 272# Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of 273# 1941), 1914-12-04 274# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07] 275 276# From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25): 277# For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the 278# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time 279# Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout 280# that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the 281# Legislation in force on the 31st day of December, 282# 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49 283# 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50 284# 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55 285# 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37 286# 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 287# 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44 288# 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47 289# 290# Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this 291# period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used: 292# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html 293# Go with the above. 294 295Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 296Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 297Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 298Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 299 300Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 301 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 302 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 303 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 304 0:00 SL GMT/+01 305 306# Botswana 307# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 308# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 309# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 310Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 311 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 312 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 313 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 314 2:00 - CAT 315 316# Zimbabwe 317Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 318 2:00 - CAT 319 320# Uganda 321Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 322 3:00 - EAT 1930 323 2:30 - +0230 1948 324 2:45 - +0245 1957 325 3:00 - EAT 326 327# Rwanda 328Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 329 2:00 - CAT 330 331# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west) 332Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 333 1:00 - WAT 334 335# Gabon 336Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 337 1:00 - WAT 338 339# Togo 340Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 341 0:00 - GMT 342 343# Angola 344# 345# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 346# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 347# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 348# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 349# 350Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 351 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 352 1:00 - WAT 353 354# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east) 355# 356# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28): 357# My main source for its time zone history is 358# Henri le Corre, Régimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique. 359# Shanks follows le Corre. As does Françoise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book 360# Problèmes de l'heure résolus pour le monde entier. 361# 362Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 363 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 364 2:00 - CAT 365 366# Zambia 367Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 368 2:00 - CAT 369 370# Equatorial Guinea 371# 372# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15, 373# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19, 374# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries 375# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now. 376# 377Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 378 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 379 1:00 - WAT 380 381# Lesotho 382Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 383 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 384 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 385 2:00 - SAST 386 387# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 388Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 389 2:00 - SAST 390 391# Somalia 392Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 393 3:00 - EAT 1931 394 2:30 - +0230 1957 395 3:00 - EAT 396 397# Niger 398Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 399 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 400 0:00 - GMT 1960 401 1:00 - WAT 402 403# Mauritania 404Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 405 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 406 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 407 0:00 - GMT 408 409# Burkina Faso 410Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 411 0:00 - GMT 412 413# Benin 414# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 415# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 416Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 417 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 418 1:00 - WAT 419 420# Mali (northern) 421Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 422 0:00 - GMT 423 424# Anguilla 425Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 426 -4:00 - AST 427 428# Antigua and Barbuda 429Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 430 -5:00 - EST 1951 431 -4:00 - AST 432 433# Chubut, Argentina 434# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit. 435Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 436 -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May 437 -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec 438 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 439 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 440 -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 441 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 442 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 443 -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 444 -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 445 -3:00 - -03 446 447# Aruba 448Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad 449 -4:30 - -0430 1965 450 -4:00 - AST 451 452# Atikokan, Ontario 453 454# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): 455# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star 456# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, 457# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. 458# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) 459# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html 460# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. 461# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report 462# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. 463# 464# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 465# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and 466# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes 467# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in 468# violation of the official Ontario rules. 469# 470# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): 471# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the 472# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: 473# 474# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. 475# This means they spend about half the time on central time and 476# the other half on eastern time. 477# 478# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. 479# 480# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern 481# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he 482# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." 483# 484# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang 485# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." 486 487# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: 488# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory 489# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he 490# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current 491# time keeping since 1952, at least. 492 493# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): 494# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River 495# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from 496# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan 497# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time 498# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour 499# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move 500# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. 501 502Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 503 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 504 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 505 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 506 -5:00 - EST 507#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour 508 509# Quebec east of Natashquan 510 511# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): 512# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map 513# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) 514# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp 515# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe 516# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and 517# residents east of Natashquan use AST. 518# The Quebec department of justice writes in 519# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" 520# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ 521# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon 522# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. 523# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, 524# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. 525# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to 526# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. 527 528Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 529 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 530 -4:00 - AST 531 532# Cayman Is 533Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown 534 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time 535 -5:00 - EST 536 537# United States 538# 539# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): 540# America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers: 541# "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse 542# clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving' 543# time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock." 544# -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5) 545# https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794 546 547# Canada 548Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 549 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 550 -5:00 - EST 551 552# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): 553# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia 554# that do not currently observe daylight saving: 555# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) 556# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District 557# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) 558 559# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time 560# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the 561# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. 562# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 563# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. 564# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. 565# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. 566 567# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains 568# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months 569# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just 570# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing 571# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the 572# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. 573# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 574 575# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: 576# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) 577# Exact date unknown 578# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) 579# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. 580# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) 581# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. 582# note 1: 583# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, 584# Creston did not change its clocks. 585# note 2: 586# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, 587# Creston did not oblige. 588# note 3: 589# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time 590# (UTC-7) forever. 591# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. 592# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html 593 594# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. 595# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying 596# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before 597# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this 598# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough 599# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. 600 601# The transition dates (and times) are guesses. 602 603Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 604 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 605 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 606 -7:00 - MST 607 608# Curaçao 609# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest. 610# 611# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 612# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at 613# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that 614# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 615# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say 616# Saba Island has been like Curaçao. 617# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. 618# 619# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become 620# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; 621# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the 622# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones 623# though, as far as we know. 624# 625Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad 626 -4:30 - -0430 1965 627 -4:00 - AST 628Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk 629Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes 630 631# Dominica 632Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau 633 -4:00 - AST 634 635# Baja California 636# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there. 637Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 638 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 639 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 640 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 641 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 642 -8:00 - PST 1996 643 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 644 645# Grenada 646Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's 647 -4:00 - AST 648 649# Guadeloupe 650Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre 651 -4:00 - AST 652 653 654# Canada 655# 656# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): 657# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see 658# America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database 659# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec 660# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone 661# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks & 662# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the 663# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. 664# 665Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D 666Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S 667Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D 668Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S 669Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D 670Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S 671Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D 672Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D 673Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D 674Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S 675Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 676Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D 677Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S 678Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D 679Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S 680Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 681Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 682Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 683Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 684Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 685Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 686 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918 687 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 688 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 689 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 690 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974 691 -5:00 Canada E%sT 692 693# Montserrat 694# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 695# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. 696# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now. 697Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill 698 -4:00 - AST 699 700# The Bahamas 701# 702# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. 703# 704# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): 705# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 706# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. 707# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. 708# 709# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] 710# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 711# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 712# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 713# 714# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] 715# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 716# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 717# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 718# 719# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order 720# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year 721# 1945. p 160, 247-248 722# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 723# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 724# 725# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): 726# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST 727# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... 728# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 729 730Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W 731Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S 732Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W 733Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace 734Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S 735Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 736Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 737 738Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 739 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 740 -5:00 US E%sT 741 742# United States 743# 744# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): 745# America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks 746# in 1946/7. See the following notes. 747# 748# From Steve Allen (2018-01-19): 749# The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter 750# months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm 751# Springs forward by an hour in the winter. 752# https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/ 753# Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946 754# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101 755# has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21. 756# Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946 757# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105 758# reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5. 759# Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947 760# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12 761# front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war". 762# Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947 763# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 764# front page reports on end. 765 766# Trinidad and Tobago 767Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 768 -4:00 - AST 769Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot 770Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy 771 772# Argentina 773# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by 774# more detailed zones. 775# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), 776# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) 777Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov 778 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May 779 -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec 780 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 781 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul 782 -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00 783 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00 784 -3:00 - -03 785 786# St Kitts-Nevis 787Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre 788 -4:00 - AST 789 790# St Lucia 791Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries 792 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time 793 -4:00 - AST 794 795# US Virgin Is 796Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie 797 -4:00 - AST 798Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin 799 800# St Vincent and the Grenadines 801Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown 802 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time 803 -4:00 - AST 804 805# British Virgin Is 806Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town 807 -4:00 - AST 808 809# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 810# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) 811# 812# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 813# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 814# 815Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 816 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 817 0 - -00 1956 Nov 818 10:00 - +10 819 820# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 821Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 822 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 823Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 824 825# Syowa, Antarctica 826# 827# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 828# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 829# 830# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 831# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 832# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 833# See: 834# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 835# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html 836Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 837 3:00 - +03 838 839# Vostok, Antarctica 840# 841# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 842# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): 843# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP 844# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 845# time as Moscow, Russia. 846# 847# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 848# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 849# what they had to say about time there: 850# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 851# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 852# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 853# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 854# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." 855# 856# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 857# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 858# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local 859# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 860# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 861# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 862# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 863# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. 864# 865Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 866 6:00 - +06 867 868# Yemen 869# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 870# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 871Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 872 3:00 - +03 873 874# Bahrain 875# 876# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23): 877# Most of this data comes from: 878# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story 879# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22. 880# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589 881# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and 882# others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in 883# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at 884# +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's 885# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01. 886# 887# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation: 888# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India 889# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library 890# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b 891# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20. 892# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions 893# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and 894# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc) 895# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb 896# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly 897# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived 898# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus 899# was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to 900# have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions. 901Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah 902 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1 903 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 904 3:00 - +03 905 906# Brunei 907Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 908 7:30 - +0730 1933 909 8:00 - +08 910 911# India 912# 913# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 914# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras 915# civil time was 5:20:57.3. 916# 917# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21): 918# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time 919# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways 920# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E). Also, 921# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See: 922# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece 923#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete] 924 925# China 926# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 927# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 928# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 929# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 930# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 931Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 932 7:00 - +07 1980 May 933 8:00 PRC C%sT 934Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking 935 936# Vietnam 937# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 938# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. 939# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in 940# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified. 941Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 942 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 943 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 944 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 945 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 946 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 947 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct 948 7:00 - +07 949 950# China 951# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 952# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 953Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 954 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar 955 8:00 - CST 1940 956 9:00 - +09 1966 May 957 8:30 - +0830 1980 May 958 8:00 PRC C%sT 959 960# far west China 961Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 962 5:30 - +0530 1940 963 5:00 - +05 1980 May 964 8:00 PRC C%sT 965 966# peninsular Malaysia 967# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 968# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html 969# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. 970Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 971 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 972 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 973 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 974 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 975 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 976 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 977 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 978 8:00 - +08 979 980# Kuwait 981Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 982 3:00 - +03 983 984 985# Oman 986# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 987Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 988 4:00 - +04 989 990# India 991# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 992# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 993# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 994# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01. 995#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete] 996 997# Cambodia 998 999# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk, 1000# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08): 1001# 1002# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with 1003# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia, 1004# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan 1005# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and 1006# adopted Hanoi time zone again. 1007# 1008# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a 1009# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle. 1010# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French 1011# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian 1012# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional 1013# celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT 1014# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied. 1015# 1016# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953, 1017# GMT + 7 was maintained. 1018 1019# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): 1020# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data. 1021 1022Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 1023 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 1024 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 1025 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 1026 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 1027 7:00 - +07 1028 1029# Israel 1030Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 1031 2:21 - JMT 1918 1032 2:00 Zion I%sT 1033 1034# Laos 1035# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): 1036# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. 1037# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15. 1038# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did; 1039# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition. 1040Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 1041 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 1042 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 1043 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 1044 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 1045 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 1046 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15 1047 7:00 - +07 1048 1049# Jan Mayen 1050# From Whitman: 1051Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 1052 1053# Iceland 1054# 1055# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1056# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1057# 1058# (1993-12-05): 1059# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1060# Iceland Almanak. 1061# 1062# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1063# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1064# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which 1065# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1066# 1067# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1068# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1069# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1070# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1071# 1072# (1993-12-10): 1073# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1074# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1075# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1076# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1077# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1078# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1079# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1080# might mean something else (???). 1081# 1082# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1083# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1084# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1085# 1086Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - 1087Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1088Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1089Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - 1090Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1091Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - 1092Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1093Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - 1094Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1095Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - 1096# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1097Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - 1098Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1099# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1100Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - 1101# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1102Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1103Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1104Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1105 1106Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1107 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1108 0:00 - GMT 1109Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland 1110 1111# St Helena 1112Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1113 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1114 0:00 - GMT 1115 1116# King Island 1117Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 1118 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 1119 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 1120 10:00 AT AE%sT 1121 1122 1123# Netherlands 1124 1125# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1126# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1127 1128# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1129# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1130# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1131# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1132# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1133# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1134# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1135# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1136# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1137# 1138# (2001-04-08): 1139# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1140# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1141# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1142# 1143# (2001-04-09): 1144# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1145# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1146# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1147# actually followed. 1148# 1149# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1150# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1151# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1152# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1153# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1154# 1155# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1156# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1157# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1158# Amsterdam mean time. 1159 1160# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1161# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1162 1163# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): 1164# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for 1165# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. 1166 1167Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1168Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1169Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1170Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1171Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1172Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1173Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1174Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1175Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1176Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1177Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1178# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1179# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1180Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1181Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1182Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1183Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1184Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1185Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1186Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1187Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1188Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1189 #STDOFF 0:19:32.13 1190Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1191 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1192 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 1193 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1194 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1195 1:00 EU CE%sT 1196 1197 1198# Northern Ireland 1199Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1200 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 1201 # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT 1202 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 1203 # IST = Irish Summer Time 1204 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1205 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1206 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1207 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1208 1209 1210# Denmark 1211 1212# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 1213# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 1214# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 1215# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 1216# 1217# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: 1218# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 1219# 1220# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 1221# in subsequent decrees with the law 1222# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 1223# 1224# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 1225# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 1226# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 1227# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 1228# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 1229# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 1230# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 1231# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 1232# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 1233# was suspended on that night): 1234# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 1235 1236# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 1237# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 1238# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 1239 1240# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 1241# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 1242# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 1243 1244Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1245Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 1246Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1247Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1248Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 1249Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 1250Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 1251Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1252Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 1253Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1254Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 1255# 1256Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 1257 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 1258 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1259 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1260 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1261 1:00 EU CE%sT 1262 1263# Guernsey 1264# Data from Joseph S. Myers 1265# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html 1266# References to be added 1267# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W. 1268Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18 1269 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 1270 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 1271 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1272 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1273 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1274 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1275 1276# Isle of Man 1277# 1278# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04): 1279# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at 1280# <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory 1281# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of 1282# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at 1283# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date 1284# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a 1285# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of 1286# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change 1287# was also implemented on the island. 1288# 1289# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 - 1290# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament ) 1291Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s 1292 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1293 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1294 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1295 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1296 1297# Jersey 1298# Data from Joseph S. Myers 1299# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html 1300# References to be added 1301# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W. 1302Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u 1303 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 1304 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 1305 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1306 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1307 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1308 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1309 1310# Slovenia 1311Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 1312 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1313 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1314 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1315 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1316 1:00 EU CE%sT 1317 1318 1319# Luxembourg 1320 1321# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1322# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1323Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1324Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1325Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1326Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1327Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1328Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1329Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1330Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1331Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1332Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1333Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1334Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1335Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1336Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1337Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1338Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1339Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1340Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1341Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1342Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1343Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1344Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1345Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1346 1347Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1348 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1349 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1350 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1351 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1352 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1353 1:00 EU CE%sT 1354 1355# Monaco 1356# 1357# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): 1358# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at 1359# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf 1360# we read: ... 1361# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], 1362# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, 1363# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] 1364# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at 1365# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf 1366# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... 1367# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation 1368# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal 1369# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] 1370# 1371Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 1372 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time 1373 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1374 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1375 1:00 EU CE%sT 1376 1377 1378# Norway 1379 1380# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1381# Pottenger. 1382Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1383Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1384Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1385Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1386Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1387Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1388Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1389 1390Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1391 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1392 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1393 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1394 1:00 EU CE%sT 1395Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1396#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen 1397 1398# Bosnia and Herzegovina 1399Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 1400 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1401 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1402 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1403 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1404 1:00 EU CE%sT 1405 1406# North Macedonia 1407Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 1408 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1409 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1410 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1411 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1412 1:00 EU CE%sT 1413 1414 1415# Sweden 1416 1417# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 1418# 1419# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 1420# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 1421# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 1422# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 1423# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 1424# 1425# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" 1426# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 1427# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 1428# 1429# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 1430# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 1431# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 1432# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 1433# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 1434# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1435# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 1436# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 1437# 1438# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 1439# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 1440# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 1441# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 1442# 1443# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 1444# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 1445# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 1446# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 1447# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 1448# the Sök-button). 1449# 1450# (2001-05-13): 1451# 1452# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 1453# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 1454# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 1455# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 1456# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 1457# hour before the event took place. 1458# 1459# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 1460 1461# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk 1462# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. 1463 1464Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 1465 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1466 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 1467 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1468 1:00 - CET 1980 1469 1:00 EU CE%sT 1470 1471 1472# Moldova / Transnistria 1473Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1474 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1475 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1476 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1477 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1478 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1479 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1480 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1481 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1482 1483# Liechtenstein 1484 1485# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): 1486# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894. 1487 1488# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): 1489# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... 1490# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow 1491# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. 1492 1493Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1494 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1495 1:00 EU CE%sT 1496 1497# Croatia 1498Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 1499 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1500 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1501 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1502 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1503 1:00 EU CE%sT 1504 1505# Madagascar 1506Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 1507 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 1508 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 1509 3:00 - EAT 1510 1511# Christmas 1512Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 1513 7:00 - +07 1514 1515# Cocos (Keeling) Is 1516# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 1517# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 1518Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 1519 6:30 - +0630 1520 1521# Comoros 1522Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 1523 3:00 - EAT 1524 1525# Kerguelen 1526Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français 1527 5:00 - +05 1528 1529# Seychelles 1530# 1531# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1532# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. 1533# 1534# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) 1535# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 1536# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 1537# 1538# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): 1539# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 1540# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st 1541# January, 1907." 1542 1543Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1544 4:00 - +04 1545# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1546# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1547# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1548# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1549# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1550# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1551 1552 1553# Mayotte 1554Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 1555 3:00 - EAT 1556 1557# Réunion 1558Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1559 4:00 - +04 1560# 1561# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1562# The following information about them is taken from 1563# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1564# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1565# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1566# 1567# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1568# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1569# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1570# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1571# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1572 1573# Micronesia 1574# Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1575# 1576# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1577# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1578# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1579# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1580# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1581# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1582Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1583 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 1584 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 1585 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 1586 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 1587 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 1588 10:00 - +10 1589Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk 1590Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap 1591 1592# Phoenix Islands, Kiribati 1593# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1594# Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 1595# for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen). 1596# The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for 1597# the currently-inhabited representative for this timezone. 1598Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 1599 -11:24:20 - LMT 1885 1600 0 - -00 1938 Mar 6 1601 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 1602 0 - -00 1603 1604# Tuvalu 1605Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 1606 12:00 - +12 1607 1608# Johnston 1609Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 1610 1611# Marshall Is 1612Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 1613 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 1614 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 1615 11:00 - +11 1937 1616 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 1617 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 1618 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 1619 12:00 - +12 1620 1621# Midway 1622# 1623# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 1624# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 1625# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 1626# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 1627# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 1628# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 1629# designations that I've never seen before:.... 1630# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 1631# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 1632# 1633Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 1634 -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3 1635 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 1636 -11:00 - -11 1637 1638# Micronesia 1639# Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1640Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 1641 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 1642 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 1643 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 1644 11:00 - +11 1937 1645 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 1646 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 1647 11:00 - +11 1648Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape 1649 1650# N Mariana Is 1651Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1652 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 1653 9:00 - +09 1969 Oct 1654 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23 1655 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 1656 1657 1658# Wake 1659 1660# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1661# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1662# 1663# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1664# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1665# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1666# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1667# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1668# impossible. 1669# 1670# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1671 1672# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1673# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1674 1675# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1676Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 1677 12:00 - +12 1678 1679 1680# Wallis and Futuna 1681Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 1682 12:00 - +12 1683 1684# Local Variables: 1685# coding: utf-8 1686# End: 1687