1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30# 31# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 32# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 33# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 34# 35# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 36# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 37# 38# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 39# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 40# Corrections are welcome! 41# std dst 42# LMT Local Mean Time 43# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 44# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 45# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 46# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 47# 4:00 GST Gulf* 48# 5:30 IST India 49# 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations* 50# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 51# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 52# 8:00 CST China 53# 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)* 54# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 55# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 56# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 57# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 58# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 59# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 60# 61# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 62 63# From Guy Harris: 64# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 65# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 66# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 67# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 68 69############################################################################### 70 71# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 72# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 73Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 74Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 75Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 76Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 77Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 78Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 79Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 80Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 81Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 83Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 84Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 85Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 86Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 87Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 88 89# Afghanistan 90# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 91Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 92 4:00 - AFT 1945 93 4:30 - AFT 94 95# Armenia 96# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 97# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 98# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 99# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 100# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 101# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 102# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 103# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 104# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 105 106# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 107# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 108# follow Russia's "old" rules. 109 110# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 111# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 112# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 113# 114# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 115# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 116# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 117# or 118# (brief) 119# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 120# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 122 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 123 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 124 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 125 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 126 4:00 - AMT 1997 127 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 128 4:00 - AMT 129 130# Azerbaijan 131# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 132# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 133# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 135Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 136Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 139 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 140 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 141 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 142 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 143 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time 144 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 145 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 146 147# Bahrain 148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 149Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah 150 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 151 3:00 - AST 152 153# Bangladesh 154# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 155# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 156# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 157# 158# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 159# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 160# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 161# 162# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 163# June 164# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 165# crippling power crisis. " 166# 167# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 168# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 169 170# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 171# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 172# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 173# 174# Some sources: 175# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 176# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 177# 178# Our wrap-up: 179# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 180 181# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 182# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 183# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 184# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 185# 186# No DST end date has been announced yet. 187 188# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 189# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 190# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 191# 192# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 193# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 194# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 195# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 196 197# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 198# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 199# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 200# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 201# "continue for an indefinite period." 202# 203# One of many places where it is published: 204# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 205 206# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 207# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 208# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 209# 210# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 211# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 212# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 213# 214# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 215# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 216# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 217# Minister's Office last night..." 218 219# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 220# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 221# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 222# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 223# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 224 225# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 226Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 227Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 228 229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 230Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 231 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 232 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 233 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 234 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 235 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 236 6:00 - BDT 2009 237 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 238 239# Bhutan 240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 241Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 242 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 243 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 244 245# British Indian Ocean Territory 246# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 247# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 248# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 249# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 250# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 251# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 252Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 253 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 254 6:00 - IOT 255 256# Brunei 257# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 259 7:30 - BNT 1933 260 8:00 - BNT 261 262# Burma / Myanmar 263 264# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 265 266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 268 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 269 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 270 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 271 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 272 273# Cambodia 274# See Asia/Bangkok. 275 276 277# China 278 279# From Guy Harris: 280# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 281 282# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 283# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 284# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 285# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 286# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 287# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 288# 289# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 290# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 291# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 292# 293# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 294# 1987 mid-April - ?? 295 296# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 297# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 298# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 299 300# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 301# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 302# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 303# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 304 305# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 306# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 307# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 308# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 309# go with them for DST rules as follows: 310# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 311Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 312Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 313Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 314Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 315Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 316Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 317 318# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 319# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 320# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 321# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 322# 323# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 324# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 325# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 326# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 327# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 328# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 329# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 330# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 331# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 332# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 333 334# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 335# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 336# 337# (1) 338# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 339# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 340# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 341# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 342# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 343# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 344# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 345# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 346# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 347# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 348# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 349# could well have ignored any such mandate. 350# 351# (2) 352# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 353# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 354# [undated and unknown publication location] 355# It says several things: 356# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 357# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 358# the official calendar book of 1914. 359# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 360# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 361# Observatory and set to local mean time. 362# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 363# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 364# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 365# became used by railways as well. 366# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 367# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 368# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 369# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 370# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 371# Japanese-occupied territory. 372# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 373# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 374# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 375# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 376# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 377# 378# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 379# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 380# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 381# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 382# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 383# 384# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 385# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 386# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 387# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 388# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 389# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 390# 391# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 392# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 393# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 394# 395# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 396# Asia/Shanghai 397# most of China 398# This currently represents most other zones as well, 399# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 400# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 401# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 402# 403# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 404# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 405# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 406# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 407# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 408# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 409# 410# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 411# Asia/Urumqi 412# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 413# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 414# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 415# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 416# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 417# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 418# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 419# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 420# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 421# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 422# 423# Kunlun Time UT+5.5 424# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 425# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 426# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 427# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 428# and Yarkand. 429 430# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 431# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 432# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 433# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 434# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 435# they implicitly use Beijing time. 436# 437# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 438# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 439# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 440# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 441# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 442# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 443# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 444# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 445# 446# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 447# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 448# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 449# 450# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 451# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 452# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 453# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 454# others moving their clocks ahead.) 455 456# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 457# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 458# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 459# 460# 1. Wulumuqi... 461# 2. Kashi... 462# 3. Urumqi... 463# 4. Kashgar... 464# ... 465# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 466# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 467# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 468# 469# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 470# start date for Xinjiang time. 471# 472# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 473# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 474# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 475# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 476 477# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 478# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 479# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 480 481# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 482# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 483# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 484# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 485# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 486# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 487# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 488# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 489# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 490# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 491# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 492# having the same time as Beijing. 493 494# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 495# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 496# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 497# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 498# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 499# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 500# 501# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 502# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 503# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 504# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 505# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 506# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 507# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 508# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 509# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 510# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 511# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 512# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 513# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 514# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 515# UT+8 mandate back then. 516 517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 519Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 520 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 521 8:00 PRC C%sT 522# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 523# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 524Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 525 6:00 - XJT 526 527 528# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 529 530# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 531 532# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 533# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 534# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 535# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 536# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 537# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 538# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 539# obtained from 540# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 541 542# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 543# Here are the dates given at 544# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 545# as of 2009-10-28: 546# Year Period 547# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 548# 1942 Whole year 549# 1943 Whole year 550# 1944 Whole year 551# 1945 Whole year 552# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 553# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 554# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 555# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 556# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 557# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 558# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 559# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 560# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 561# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 562# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 563# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 564# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 565# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 566# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 567# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 568# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 569# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 570# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 571# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 572# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 573# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 574# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 575# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 576# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 577# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 578# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 579# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 580# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 581# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 582# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 583# 1977 Nil 584# 1978 Nil 585# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 586# 1980 to Now Nil 587# The page does not give start or end times of day. 588# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 589# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 590# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 591# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 592# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 593 594# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 595Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 596Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 597Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 598Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 599Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 600Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 601Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 602Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 603Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 604Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 605Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 606Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 607Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 608Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 609Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 610Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 611Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 612Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 613Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 614# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 616 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 617 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 618 8:00 HK HK%sT 619 620############################################################################### 621 622# Taiwan 623 624# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 625# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 626# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 627# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 628 629# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 630# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 631# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 632# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 633# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 634# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 635# found on Wikisource: 636# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 637# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 638# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 639# declared officially. 640# 641# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 642# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 643# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 644# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 645# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 646# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 647# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 648# be found on Wikisource: 649# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 650# 651# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 652 653# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 654# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 655# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 656# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 657# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 658# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 659# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 660# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 661# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 662# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 663# that: 664# 665# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 666# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 667# 668# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 669# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 670# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 671# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 672# 673# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 674# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 675# Time. 676# 677# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 678# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 679# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 680# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 681# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 682# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 683 684# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 685# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 686# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 687# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 688# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 689# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 690# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 691# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 692# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 693# would be a good one. 694# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 695# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 696 697# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 698# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 699# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 700# 701# Original Bulletin: 702# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 703# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 704# 705# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 706# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 707# 708# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 709# 710# Here is a brief translation: 711# 712# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 713# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 714# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 715# 716# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 717# be found from historical government announcement database. 718 719# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 720# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 721# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 722# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 723 724# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 725Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 726Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 727Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 728Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 729Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 730Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 731Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 732Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 733Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 734Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 735Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 736Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 737Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 738Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 739Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 740 741# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 742# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 743Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 744 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 745 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 746 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 747 748# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 749# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 750Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 751Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 752Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 753Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 754Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 755Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 756Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 757Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 758Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 759Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 760Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 761Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 762Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 763Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 764# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 765Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 766 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 767 8:00 PRC C%sT 768 769 770############################################################################### 771 772# Cyprus 773# 774# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 775# 776# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 777Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 778Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 779Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 780Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 781Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 782Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 783Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 784Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 785Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 786# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 787Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 788 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 789 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 790# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 791 792# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 793# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 794Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 795 796# Georgia 797# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 798# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 799# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 800# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 801# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 802# 803# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 804# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 805# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 806# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 807# 808# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 809# 810# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 811# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 812# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 813# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 814# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 815# of integration into Europe. 816 817# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 818# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 819# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 820# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 821# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 822# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 823# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 824# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 825# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 826 827# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 828# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 829# Go with Byalokoz. 830 831# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 832Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 833 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 834 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 835 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 836 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 837 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 838 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 839 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 840 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 841 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 842 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 843 4:00 - GET 844 845# East Timor 846 847# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 848 849# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 850# East Timor may be late for its millennium 851# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 852# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 853# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 854# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 855# conflicts with their way of life. 856 857# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 858# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 859# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 860 861# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 862# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 863# (2000-08-16): 864# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 865# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 866# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 867# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 868 869# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 870Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 871 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 872 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 873 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 874 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 875 9:00 - TLT 876 877# India 878# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 879Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 880 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 881 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 882 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 883 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 884 5:30 - IST 885# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 886# Andaman Is 887# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 888# Nicobar Is 889 890# Indonesia 891# 892# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 893# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 894# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 895# 896# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 897# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 898# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 899# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 900# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 901# 902# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 903# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 904# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 905# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 906# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 907# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 908# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 909# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 910# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 911# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 912# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 913# switched on 1945-09-23. 914# 915# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 916# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 917# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 918# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 919# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 920# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 921# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 922# The abbreviations are: 923# 924# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 925# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 926# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 927# 928# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 929# Java, Sumatra 930Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 931# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 932# but this must be a typo. 933 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 934 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 935 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 936 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 937 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 938 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 939 7:30 - WIB 1964 940 7:00 - WIB 941# west and central Borneo 942Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 943 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 944 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 945 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 946 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 947 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 948 7:30 - WIB 1964 949 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 950 7:00 - WIB 951# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 952Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 953 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 954 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 955 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 956 8:00 - WITA 957# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 958Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 959 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 960 9:30 - ACST 1964 961 9:00 - WIT 962 963# Iran 964 965# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 966# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 967# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 968# 969# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 970# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 971# 972# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 973# 974# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 975# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 976# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 977# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 978# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 979# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 980# 981# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 982# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 983# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 984# Shahrivar. 985# 986# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 987# 988# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 989# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 990# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 991# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 992# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 993# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 994# 995# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 996# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 997# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 998# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 999# plan to change that law.... 1000# 1001# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1002# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1003# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1004# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1005# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1006# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1007# 1008# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1009# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1010# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1011# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1012# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1013# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1014# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1015# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1016# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1017# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1018# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1019# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1020# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1021# 1022# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1023# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1024# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1025# 1026# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1027# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1028# daylight saving time ... 1029# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1030# 1031# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1032# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1033# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1034# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1035# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1036# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1037# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1038# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1039# 1040# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1041Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1042Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1043Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1044Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1045Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1046Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1047Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1048Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1049Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1050Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1051Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1052Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1053Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1054Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1055Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1056Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1057Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1058Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1059Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1060Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1061Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1062Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1063Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1064Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1065Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1066Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1067Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1068Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1069Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1070Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1071Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1072Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1073Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1074Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1075Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1076Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1077Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1078Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1079Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1080Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1081Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1082Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1083Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1084Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1085Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1086Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1087Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1088Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1089Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1090# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1091Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1092 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1093 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1094 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1095 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1096 1097 1098# Iraq 1099# 1100# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1101# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1102# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1103# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1104# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1105# 1106# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1107# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1108# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1109# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1110# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1111# 1112# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1113 1114# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1115# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1116# news sources (in Arabic): 1117# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1118# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1119# 1120# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1121# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1122 1123# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1124Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1125Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1126Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1127Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1128Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1129Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1130# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1131# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1132# 1133Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1134Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1136Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1137 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1138 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1139 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1140 1141 1142############################################################################### 1143 1144# Israel 1145 1146# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1147# 1148# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1149# different abbreviations in use: 1150# 1151# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1152# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1153# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1154# 1155# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1156# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1157# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1158# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1159# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1160# settings in Israeli computers. 1161# 1162# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1163# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1164# family is from India). 1165 1166# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1167# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1168Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1169Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1170Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1171Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1172Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1173Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1174Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1175Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1176Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1177Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1178Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1179Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1180Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1181Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1182Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1183Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1184Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1185Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1186Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1187Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1188Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1189Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1190Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1191Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1192Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1193Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1194Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1195Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1196Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1197Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1198Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1199Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1200Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1201Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1202Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1203Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1204Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1205Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1206 1207# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1208# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1209# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1210# ends and changes to Sunday. 1211Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1212Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1213 1214# From Ephraim Silverberg 1215# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1216# and 2005-02-17): 1217 1218# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1219# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1220# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1221# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1222# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1223# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1224# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1225# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1226# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1227# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1228# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1229# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1230# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1231# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1232# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1233# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1234# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1235# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1236# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1237# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1238# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1239# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1240 1241# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1242Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1243Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1244Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1245Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1246Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1247Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1248Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1249Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1250Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1251Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1252 1253# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1254# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1255# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1256 1257# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1258Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1259Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1260Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1261Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1262 1263# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1264# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1265# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1266# 1267# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1268# 1269# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1270# 1271# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1272# 1273# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1274# 1275# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1276 1277# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1278Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1279Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1280Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1281Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1282Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1283Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1284Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1285Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1286 1287# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1288# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1289# years 2001-2004 as well. 1290# 1291# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1292# 1293# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1294# 1295# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1296# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1297# 1298# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1299 1300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1301Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1302Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1303Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1304Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1305Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1306Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1307Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1308Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1309Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1310Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1311 1312# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1313# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1314# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1315# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1316# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1317# 1318# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1319# 1320# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1321 1322# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1323# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1324# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1325# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1326# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1327# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1328# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1329# 1330# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1331# 1332# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1333# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1334# springtime transitions explicitly. 1335 1336# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1337Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1338Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1339Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1340Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1341Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1342Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1343Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1344Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1345Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1346Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1347Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1348Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1349 1350# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1351# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1352# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1353# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1354# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1355# 1356# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1357# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1358 1359# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1360Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1361Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1362 1363# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1364Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1365 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1366 2:00 Zion I%sT 1367 1368 1369 1370############################################################################### 1371 1372# Japan 1373 1374# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1375 1376# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1377# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1378# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1379# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1380 1381# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1382# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1383# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1384# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1385# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1386# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1387# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1388# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1389# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1390# wanted to keep it.) 1391 1392# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1393# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1394# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1395Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1396Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1397Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1398Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1399# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1400# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1401# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1402# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1403 1404# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1405# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1406# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1407# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1408# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1409# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1410# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1411# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1412 1413# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1414# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1415# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1416# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1417# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1418# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1419# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1420# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1421# standard.... 1422# 1423# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1424# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1425 1426# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1427# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1428# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1429# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1430# 1431# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1432# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1433# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1434# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1435 1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1437Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1438 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1439 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1440 9:00 Japan J%sT 1441# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1442 1443# Jordan 1444# 1445# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1446# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1447# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1448# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1449# all year round. 1450# 1451# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1452# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1453# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1454# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1455# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1456# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1457# 1458# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1459# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1460# 1461# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1462# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1463# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1464# 1465# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1466# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1467# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1468# 1469 1470# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1471# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1472# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1473# 1474# Google's translation: 1475# 1476# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1477# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1478# > of the month of March of each year. 1479# 1480# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1481 1482# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1483# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1484 1485# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1486# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1487# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1488# until about the same time next year (at least). 1489# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1490 1491# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1492# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1493# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1494# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1495# Official, in Arabic: 1496# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1497# ... Our background/permalink about it 1498# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1499# ... 1500# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1501# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1502# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1503 1504# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1505# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1506 1507# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1508Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1509Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1510Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1511Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1512Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1513Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1514Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1515Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1516Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1517Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1519Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1520Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1521Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1522Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1523Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1524Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1525Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1526Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1527Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1528Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1529Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1530Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1531Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1532Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1533Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1534Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1535Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1536Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1537Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1538Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1539# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1540Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1541 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1542 1543 1544# Kazakhstan 1545 1546# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1547# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1548# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1549# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1550# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1551# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1552 1553# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1554# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1555# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1556# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1557# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1558# 1559# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1560# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1561# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1562 1563# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 1564# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1565# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1566# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1567# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1568# 1569# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1570# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1571# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1572# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1573# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1574# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1575# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1576# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1577# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1578 1579# 1580# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1581# 1582# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1583Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1584 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1585 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1586 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1587 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1588 6:00 - ALMT 1589# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1590Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1591 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1592 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1593 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1594 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1595 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1596 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1597 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1598 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1599 6:00 - QYZT 1600# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) 1601Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1602 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1603 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1604 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1605 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1606 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1607 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1608 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1609 5:00 - AQTT 1610# Mangghystau 1611# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1612# so include time stamps before 1963. 1613Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1614 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1615 5:00 - FORT 1963 1616 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1617 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1618 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1619 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1620 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1621 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1622 5:00 - AQTT 1623# West Kazakhstan 1624Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1625 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1626 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1627 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1628 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1629 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1630 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1631 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1632 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1633 5:00 - ORAT 1634 1635# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1636# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1637 1638# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1639# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1640# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1641# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1642# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1643# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1644# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1645# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1646 1647# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1648Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1649Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1650Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1651Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1652# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1653Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1654 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1655 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1656 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1657 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1658 6:00 - KGT 1659 1660############################################################################### 1661 1662# Korea (North and South) 1663 1664# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1665# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1666# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1667# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1668# between 1987 and 1988 ... 1669 1670# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1671# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1672# According to the Korean Wikipedia 1673# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1674# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1675# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1676# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1677# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1678# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1679# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1680 1681# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1682Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1683Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1684Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1685Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1686Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1687Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1688Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1689Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1690Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1691Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1692Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1693Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1694Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1695Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1696 1697# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30): 1698# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1699# 1700# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5) 1701# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1702# (Announcement No. 338) 1703# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1704# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1705# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31) 1706# 1707# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change 1708# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change 1709# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now. 1710# 1711# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1712# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1713# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1714# 1715# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II. 1716 1717# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1718Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1719 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1720 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1721 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1722 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1723 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1724 9:00 ROK K%sT 1725Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1726 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1727 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1728 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1729 9:00 - KST 1730 1731############################################################################### 1732 1733# Kuwait 1734# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1735Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1736 3:00 - AST 1737 1738# Laos 1739# See Asia/Bangkok. 1740 1741 1742# Lebanon 1743# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1744Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1745Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1746Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1747Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1748Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1749Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1750Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1751Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1752Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1753Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1754Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1755Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1756Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1757Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1758Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1759Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1760Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1761Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1762Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1763Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1764Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1765Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1766Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1767Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1768# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1769Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1770 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1771 1772# Malaysia 1773# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1774Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1775Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1776# 1777# peninsular Malaysia 1778# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1779# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 1780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1781Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1782 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1783 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1784 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1785 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1786 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1787 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1788 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1789 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1790# Sabah & Sarawak 1791# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 1792# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 1793# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1794# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1795Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1796 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1797 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1798 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1799 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1800 8:00 - MYT 1801 1802# Maldives 1803# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1804Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1805 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1806 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1807 1808# Mongolia 1809 1810# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1811# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1812# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 1813 1814# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1815# General Information Mongolia 1816# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 1817# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1818# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1819# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1820# eight hours." 1821 1822# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1823# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1824# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1825# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1826# of implementation may have been different.... 1827# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1828# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1829# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 1830 1831# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1832# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1833# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1834# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1835# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1836# is good enough for our purposes. 1837 1838# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1839# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1840# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1841# there are three time zones. 1842# 1843# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1844# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 1845# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 1846# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 1847# 1848# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1849 1850# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1851# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1852# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1853# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1854# 1855# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1856# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1857# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1858 1859# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1860# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1861# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1862# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1863# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 1864# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1865# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1866# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1867# He also found 1868# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 1869# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1870# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1871# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1872# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1873# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1874# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1875# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1876 1877# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1878# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1879# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1880# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1881 1882# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1883# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1884# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1885# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1886# database on this, e.g.: 1887# 1888# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1889# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1890# 1891# both say GMT+08:00. 1892 1893# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1894# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1895# schedule here: 1896# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1897# (click the English flag for English) 1898# 1899# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1900# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1901# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1902# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1903# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1904# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1905 1906# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1907# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1908# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1909# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1910# this is almost surely wrong. 1911 1912# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1913Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1914Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1915# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1916# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1917# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1918# 1919# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1920# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 1921# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1922# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1923# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1924# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1925 1926Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1927Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1928# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1929Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1930Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1931Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1932 1933# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1934# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1935Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1936 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1937 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1938# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1939Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1940 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1941 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1942# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1943# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1944Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1945 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1946 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1947 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1948 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1949 1950# Nepal 1951# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1952Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1953 5:30 - IST 1986 1954 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1955 1956# Oman 1957 1958# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1959 1960# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1961Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 1962 4:00 - GST 1963 1964# Pakistan 1965 1966# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1967# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1968# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1969# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1970# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1971# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1972 1973# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1974# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 1975# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1976# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1977# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1978# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1979# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1980# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1981# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1982# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1983# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1984 1985# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1986# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1987# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1988 1989# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1990# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1991# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1992# 1993# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1994# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1995# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1996# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1997# 1998# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1999# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2000 2001# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2002# 2003# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2004# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2005# 2006# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2007# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2008# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2009# 2010# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2011# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2012 2013# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2014# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2015 2016# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2017# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2018# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2019# instead of August 31. 2020# 2021# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2022# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2023 2024# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2025# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2026# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2027# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2028# official working." 2029# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2030# 2031# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2032# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2033# 2034# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2035# April 08, 2009 2036# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2037# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2038# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2039# 2040# .... 2041# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2042# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2043# conserve energy" 2044 2045# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2046# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2047# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2048# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2049# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2050# this regard." 2051# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2052 2053# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2054# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2055# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2056# October 1, 2009. 2057# 2058# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2059# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2060# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2061# 2062# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2063# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2064# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2065# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2066# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2067# Monday." 2068# 2069# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2070# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2071# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2072# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2073# 2074# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2075# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2076# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2077 2078# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2079# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2080# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2081 2082# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2083# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2084# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2085# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2086# > 2087# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2088# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2089# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2090# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2091# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2092# 2093# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2094# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2095# 2096# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2097# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2098 2099# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2100Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2101Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2102Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2103Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2104Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2105 2106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2107Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2108 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2109 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2110 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2111 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2112 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2113 2114# Palestine 2115 2116# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2117# 2118# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2119# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2120# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2121# 2122# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2123# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2124# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2125# though. 2126# 2127# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2128# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2129# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2130# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2131# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2132# East Jerusalem. 2133# 2134# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2135# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2136# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2137# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2138# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2139# 2140# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2141# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2142# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2143# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2144# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2145# Jordanian one). 2146# 2147# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2148# 2149# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2150# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2151# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2152# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2153# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2154# 2155# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2156# have one). 2157 2158# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2159# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2160# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2161# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2162# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2163# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2164# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2165# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2166# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2167# to Palestine's rules. 2168 2169# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2170# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2171# 2172# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2173# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2174# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2175# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2176 2177# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2178# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2179# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2180# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2181# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2182# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2183# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2184# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2185 2186# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2187# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2188 2189# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2190# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2191# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2192# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2193# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2194 2195# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2196# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2197# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2198# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2199# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2200# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2201# the West Bank. 2202 2203# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2204# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2205# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2206# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2207# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2208# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2209# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2210# because of the Ramadan. 2211 2212# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2213# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2214# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2215 2216# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2217# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2218# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2219# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2220# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2221# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2222 2223# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2224# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2225# 2226# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2227# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2228# 2229# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2230# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2231# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2232 2233# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2234# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2235# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2236# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2237# 2238# (in Arabic) 2239# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2240# 2241# (English translation) 2242# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2243 2244# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2245# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2246# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2247# 2248# One news source: 2249# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2250# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2251# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2252# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2253# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2254# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2255# 2256# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2257# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2258# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2259 2260# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2261# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2262# 2263# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2264# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2265# 2266# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2267# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2268# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2269# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2270 2271# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2272# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2273# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2274# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2275# 2276# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2277# (in Arabic) 2278# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2279 2280# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2281# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2282# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2283# noon though: 2284# 2285# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2286# (Ma'an News Agency) 2287# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2288# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2289 2290# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2291# According to several sources, including 2292# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2293# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2294# Gaza and the West Bank. 2295# Some more background info: 2296# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2297 2298# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2299# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2300# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2301# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2302# Ramadan. 2303# 2304# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2305# Additional info: 2306# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2307 2308# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2309# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2310# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2311# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2312# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2313# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2314# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2315# ... 2316# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2317# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2318# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2319 2320# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2321# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2322# 00:00). 2323# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2324# 2325# Many sources, including: 2326# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2327 2328# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2329# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2330# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2331# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2332# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2333# 2334# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2335# 2336# Our brief summary: 2337# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2338 2339# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2340# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2341# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2342# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2343# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2344# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2345 2346# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2347# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2348# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2349# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2350# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2351# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2352# official source...: 2353# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2354 2355# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24): 2356# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through 2357# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2358# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs, 2359# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively: 2360# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702 2361# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364 2362 2363# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2364Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2365Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2366Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2367Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2368Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2369Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2370 2371Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2372Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2373Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2374Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2375Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2376Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2377Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2378Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2379Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2380Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2381Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2382Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2383Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2384Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2385Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2386Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2387Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2388Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2389Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2390 2391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2392Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2393 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2394 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2395 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2396 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2397 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2398 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2399 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2400 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2401 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2402 2:00 - EET 2012 2403 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2404 2405Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2406 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2407 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2408 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2409 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2410 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2411 2412# Paracel Is 2413# no information 2414 2415# Philippines 2416# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2417# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2418# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2419# History of the International Date Line 2420# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2421# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2422 2423# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2424# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2425# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2426# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2427# but no details] 2428 2429# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2430# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2431# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2432# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2433# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2434# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2435# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2436 2437# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2438Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2439Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2440Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2441Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2442Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2443Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2445Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2446 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2447 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2448 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2449 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2450 2451# Qatar 2452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2453Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2454 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2455 3:00 - AST 2456 2457# Saudi Arabia 2458# 2459# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2460# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2461# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2462# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2463# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2464# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2465# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2466# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2467# 2468# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2469# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2470# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2471# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2472# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2473# earlier date. 2474# 2475# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2476# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2477# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2478# 2479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2480Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2481 3:00 - AST 2482 2483# Singapore 2484# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2485# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2486# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2487Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2488 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2489 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2490 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2491 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2492 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2493 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2494 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2495 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2496 8:00 - SGT 2497 2498# Spratly Is 2499# no information 2500 2501# Sri Lanka 2502 2503# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2504# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2505# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2506# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2507# Shanks and Pottenger. 2508 2509# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2510# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2511# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2512# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2513# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2514# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2515# 2516# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2517# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2518# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2519# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2520# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2521 2522# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2523# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2524# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2525# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2526 2527# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2528# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2529# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2530# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2531# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2532# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2533# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2534# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2535 2536# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2537# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2538# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2539# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2540# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2541# 2542# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2543# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2544# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2545# 2546# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2547# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2548# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2549# item.... 2550# 2551# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2552# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2553# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2554# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2555# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2556# 2557# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2558# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2559# all computers. 2560 2561# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2562# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2563# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2564 2565# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2566Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2567 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2568 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2569 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2570 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2571 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2572 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2573 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2574 5:30 - IST 2575 2576# Syria 2577# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2578Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2579Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2580Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2581Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2582Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2583Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2584Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2585Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2586Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2587Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2588Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2589Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2590Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2591Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2592Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2593Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2594Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2595Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2596Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2597Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2598Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2599Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2600Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2601Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2602Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2603Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2604Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2605Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2606# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2607# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2608# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2609# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2610# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2611# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2612Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2613Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2614Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2615Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2616# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2617# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2618# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2619Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2620# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2621# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2622# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2623Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2624# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2625# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2626# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2627# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2628# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2629# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2630# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2631# 2632# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2633# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2634# 2635# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2636# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2637# 2638# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2639# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2640# 2641# which using Google's translate tools says: 2642# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2643# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2644# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2645Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2646 2647# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2648# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2649# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2650# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2651# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2652# Variation 2653# Syrian Arab 2654# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2655# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2656# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2657 2658# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2659# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2660# Agency (SANA)... 2661# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2662# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2663# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2664# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2665# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2666# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2667 2668# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2669# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2670# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2671# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2672# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2673 2674# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2675# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2676# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2677# 2678# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2679# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2680# clocks back 60 minutes). 2681# 2682# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2683 2684# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2685# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2686# two examples: 2687# 2688# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2689# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2690# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2691# (Arabic, gov-site) 2692# 2693# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2694# 2695# Our summary 2696# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2697 2698# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2699# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2700# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2701# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2702# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2703 2704# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2705# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2706# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2707# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2708 2709# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2710# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2711# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2712# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2713# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2714 2715# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2716# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2717# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2718# 2719# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2720# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2721# 2722# Our brief summary: 2723# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2724 2725# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2726# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2727 2728Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2729Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2730Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2731Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2732Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2733Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2734 2735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2736Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2737 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2738 2739# Tajikistan 2740# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2741# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2742Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2743 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2744 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2745 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2746 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2747 2748# Thailand 2749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2750Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2751 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2752 7:00 - ICT 2753Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 2754Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 2755 2756# Turkmenistan 2757# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2759Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2760 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2761 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2762 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2763 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2764 5:00 - TMT 2765 2766# United Arab Emirates 2767# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2768Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2769 4:00 - GST 2770 2771# Uzbekistan 2772# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 2773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2774Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 2775 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2776 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2777 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2778 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2779 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2780 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2781 5:00 - UZT 2782# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2783Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2784 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2785 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2786 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2787 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2788 5:00 - UZT 2789 2790# Vietnam 2791 2792# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 2793# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2794# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2795# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2796# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 2797 2798# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2799# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2800# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2801 2802# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 2803# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 2804# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 2805# is quoted verbatim in: 2806# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 2807# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 2808# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 2809# and is the basis for the information below. 2810# 2811# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 2812# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 2813# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 2814# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 2815# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 2816# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 2817# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 2818# 2819# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 2820# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 2821# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 2822# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 2823# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 2824# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 2825# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 2826# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 2827# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 2828# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 2829# 2830# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 2831# 2832# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 2833# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 2834# 2835# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 2836# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 2837# 2838# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 2839# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 2840 2841# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2842Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 2843 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 2844 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00 2845 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00 2846 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 2847 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1 2848 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1 2849 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00 2850 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13 2851 7:00 - ICT 2852 2853# Yemen 2854 2855# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2856# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2857 2858# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2859Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 2860 3:00 - AST 2861