1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30# 31# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 32# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 33# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 34# 35# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 36# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 37# 38# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 39# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 40# Corrections are welcome! 41# std dst 42# LMT Local Mean Time 43# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 44# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 45# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 46# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 47# 4:00 GST Gulf* 48# 5:30 IST India 49# 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations* 50# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 51# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 52# 8:00 CST China 53# 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)* 54# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 55# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 56# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 57# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 58# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 59# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 60# 61# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 62 63# From Guy Harris: 64# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 65# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 66# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 67# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 68 69############################################################################### 70 71# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 72# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 73Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 74Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 75Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 76Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 77Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 78Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 79Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 80Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 81Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 83Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 84Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 85Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 86Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 87Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 88 89# Afghanistan 90# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 91Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 92 4:00 - AFT 1945 93 4:30 - AFT 94 95# Armenia 96# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 97# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 98# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 99# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 100# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 101# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 102# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 103# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 104# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 105 106# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 107# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 108# follow Russia's "old" rules. 109 110# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 111# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 112# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 113# 114# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 115# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 116# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 117# or 118# (brief) 119# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 120# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 122 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 123 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 124 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 125 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 126 4:00 - AMT 1997 127 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 128 4:00 - AMT 129 130# Azerbaijan 131# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 132# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 133# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 135Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 136Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 139 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 140 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 141 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 142 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 143 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time 144 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 145 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 146 147# Bahrain 148# See Asia/Qatar. 149 150# Bangladesh 151# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 152# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 153# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 154# 155# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 156# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 157# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 158# 159# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 160# June 161# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 162# crippling power crisis. " 163# 164# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 165# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 166 167# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 168# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 169# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 170# 171# Some sources: 172# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 173# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 174# 175# Our wrap-up: 176# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 177 178# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 179# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 180# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 181# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 182# 183# No DST end date has been announced yet. 184 185# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 186# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 187# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 188# 189# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 190# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 191# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 192# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 193 194# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 195# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 196# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 197# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 198# "continue for an indefinite period." 199# 200# One of many places where it is published: 201# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 202 203# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 204# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 205# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 206# 207# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 208# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 209# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 210# 211# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 212# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 213# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 214# Minister's Office last night..." 215 216# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 217# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 218# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 219# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 220# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 221 222# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 223Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 224Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 225 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 228 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 229 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 230 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 231 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 232 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 233 6:00 - BDT 2009 234 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 235 236# Bhutan 237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 238Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 239 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 240 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 241 242# British Indian Ocean Territory 243# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 244# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 245# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 246# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 247# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 250 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 251 6:00 - IOT 252 253# Brunei 254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 256 7:30 - BNT 1933 257 8:00 - BNT 258 259# Burma / Myanmar 260 261# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 262 263# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 265 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 266 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 267 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 268 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 269 270# Cambodia 271# See Asia/Bangkok. 272 273 274# China 275 276# From Guy Harris: 277# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 278 279# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 280# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 281# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 282# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 283# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 284# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 285# 286# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 287# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 288# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 289# 290# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 291# 1987 mid-April - ?? 292 293# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 294# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 295# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 296 297# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 298# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 299# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 300# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 301 302# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 303# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 304# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 305# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 306# go with them for DST rules as follows: 307# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 308Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 309Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 310Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 311Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 312Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 313Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 314 315# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 316# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 317# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 318# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 319# 320# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 321# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 322# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 323# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 324# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 325# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 326# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 327# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 328# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 329# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 330 331# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 332# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 333# 334# (1) 335# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 336# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 337# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 338# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 339# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 340# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 341# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 342# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 343# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 344# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 345# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 346# could well have ignored any such mandate. 347# 348# (2) 349# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 350# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 351# [undated and unknown publication location] 352# It says several things: 353# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 354# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 355# the official calendar book of 1914. 356# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 357# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 358# Observatory and set to local mean time. 359# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 360# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 361# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 362# became used by railways as well. 363# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 364# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 365# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 366# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 367# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 368# Japanese-occupied territory. 369# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 370# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 371# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 372# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 373# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 374# 375# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 376# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 377# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 378# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 379# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 380# 381# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 382# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 383# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 384# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 385# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 386# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 387# 388# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 389# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 390# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 391# 392# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 393# Asia/Shanghai 394# most of China 395# This currently represents most other zones as well, 396# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 397# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 398# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 399# 400# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 401# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 402# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 403# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 404# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 405# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 406# 407# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 408# Asia/Urumqi 409# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 410# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 411# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 412# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 413# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 414# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 415# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 416# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 417# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 418# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 419# 420# Kunlun Time UT+5.5 421# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 422# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 423# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 424# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 425# and Yarkand. 426 427# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 428# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 429# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 430# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 431# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 432# they implicitly use Beijing time. 433# 434# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 435# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 436# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 437# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 438# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 439# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 440# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 441# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 442# 443# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 444# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 445# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 446# 447# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 448# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 449# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 450# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 451# others moving their clocks ahead.) 452 453# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 454# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 455# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 456# 457# 1. Wulumuqi... 458# 2. Kashi... 459# 3. Urumqi... 460# 4. Kashgar... 461# ... 462# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 463# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 464# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 465# 466# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 467# start date for Xinjiang time. 468# 469# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 470# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 471# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 472# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 473 474# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 475# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 476# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 477 478# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 479# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 480# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 481# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 482# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 483# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 484# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 485# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 486# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 487# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 488# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 489# having the same time as Beijing. 490 491# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 492# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 493# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 494# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 495# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 496# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 497# 498# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 499# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 500# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 501# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 502# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 503# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 504# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 505# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 506# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 507# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 508# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 509# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 510# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 511# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 512# UT+8 mandate back then. 513 514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 516Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 517 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 518 8:00 PRC C%sT 519# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 520# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 521Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 522 6:00 - XJT 523 524 525# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 526 527# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 528 529# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 530# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 531# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 532# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 533# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 534# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 535# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 536# obtained from 537# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 538 539# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 540# Here are the dates given at 541# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 542# as of 2009-10-28: 543# Year Period 544# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 545# 1942 Whole year 546# 1943 Whole year 547# 1944 Whole year 548# 1945 Whole year 549# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 550# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 551# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 552# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 553# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 554# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 555# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 556# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 557# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 558# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 559# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 560# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 561# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 562# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 563# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 564# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 565# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 566# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 567# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 568# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 569# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 570# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 571# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 572# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 573# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 574# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 575# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 576# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 577# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 578# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 579# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 580# 1977 Nil 581# 1978 Nil 582# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 583# 1980 to Now Nil 584# The page does not give start or end times of day. 585# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 586# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 587# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 588# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 589# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 590 591# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 592Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 593Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 594Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 595Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 596Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 597Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 598Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 599Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 600Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 601Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 602Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 603Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 604Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 605Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 606Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 607Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 608Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 609Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 610Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 611# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 613 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 614 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 615 8:00 HK HK%sT 616 617############################################################################### 618 619# Taiwan 620 621# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 622# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 623# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 624# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 625 626# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 627# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 628# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 629# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 630# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 631# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 632# found on Wikisource: 633# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 634# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 635# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 636# declared officially. 637# 638# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 639# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 640# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 641# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 642# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 643# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 644# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 645# be found on Wikisource: 646# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 647# 648# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 649 650# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 651# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 652# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 653# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 654# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 655# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 656# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 657# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 658# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 659# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 660# that: 661# 662# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 663# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 664# 665# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 666# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 667# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 668# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 669# 670# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 671# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 672# Time. 673# 674# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 675# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 676# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 677# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 678# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 679# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 680 681# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 682# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 683# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 684# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 685# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 686# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 687# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 688# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 689# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 690# would be a good one. 691# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 692# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 693 694# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 695# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 696# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 697# 698# Original Bulletin: 699# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 700# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 701# 702# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 703# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 704# 705# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 706# 707# Here is a brief translation: 708# 709# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 710# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 711# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 712# 713# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 714# be found from historical government announcement database. 715 716# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 717# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 718# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 719# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 720 721# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 722Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 723Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 724Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 725Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 726Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 727Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 728Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 729Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 730Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 731Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 732Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 733Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 734Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 735Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 736Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 737 738# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 739# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 740Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 741 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 742 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 743 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 744 745# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 746# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 747Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 748Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 749Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 750Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 751Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 752Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 753Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 754Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 755Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 756Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 757Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 758Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 759Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 760Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 761# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 762Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 763 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 764 8:00 PRC C%sT 765 766 767############################################################################### 768 769# Cyprus 770# 771# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 772# 773# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 774Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 775Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 776Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 777Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 778Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 779Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 780Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 781Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 782Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 785 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 786 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 787# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 788 789# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 790# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 791Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 792 793# Georgia 794# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 795# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 796# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 797# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 798# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 799# 800# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 801# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 802# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 803# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 804# 805# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 806# 807# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 808# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 809# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 810# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 811# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 812# of integration into Europe. 813 814# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 815# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 816# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 817# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 818# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 819# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 820# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 821# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 822# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 823 824# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 825# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 826# Go with Byalokoz. 827 828# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 830 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 831 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 832 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 833 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 834 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 835 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 836 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 837 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 838 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 839 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 840 4:00 - GET 841 842# East Timor 843 844# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 845 846# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 847# East Timor may be late for its millennium 848# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 849# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 850# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 851# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 852# conflicts with their way of life. 853 854# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 855# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 856# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 857 858# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 859# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 860# (2000-08-16): 861# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 862# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 863# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 864# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 865 866# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 867Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 868 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 869 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 870 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 871 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 872 9:00 - TLT 873 874# India 875# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 876Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 877 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 878 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 879 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 880 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 881 5:30 - IST 882# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 883# Andaman Is 884# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 885# Nicobar Is 886 887# Indonesia 888# 889# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 890# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 891# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 892# 893# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 894# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 895# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 896# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 897# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 898# 899# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 900# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 901# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 902# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 903# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 904# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 905# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 906# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 907# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 908# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 909# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 910# switched on 1945-09-23. 911# 912# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 913# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 914# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 915# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 916# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 917# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 918# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 919# The abbreviations are: 920# 921# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 922# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 923# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 924# 925# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 926# Java, Sumatra 927Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 928# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 929# but this must be a typo. 930 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 931 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 932 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 933 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 934 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 935 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 936 7:30 - WIB 1964 937 7:00 - WIB 938# west and central Borneo 939Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 940 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 941 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 942 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 943 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 944 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 945 7:30 - WIB 1964 946 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 947 7:00 - WIB 948# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 949Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 950 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 951 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 952 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 953 8:00 - WITA 954# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 955Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 956 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 957 9:30 - ACST 1964 958 9:00 - WIT 959 960# Iran 961 962# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 963# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 964# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 965# 966# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 967# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 968# 969# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 970# 971# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 972# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 973# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 974# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 975# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 976# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 977# 978# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 979# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 980# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 981# Shahrivar. 982# 983# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 984# 985# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 986# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 987# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 988# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 989# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 990# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 991# 992# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 993# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 994# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 995# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 996# plan to change that law.... 997# 998# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 999# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1000# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1001# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1002# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1003# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1004# 1005# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1006# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1007# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1008# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1009# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1010# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1011# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1012# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1013# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1014# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1015# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1016# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1017# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1018# 1019# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1020# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1021# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1022# 1023# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1024# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1025# daylight saving time ... 1026# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1027# 1028# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1029# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1030# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1031# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1032# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1033# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1034# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1035# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1036# 1037# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1038Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1039Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1040Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1041Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1042Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1043Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1044Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1045Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1046Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1047Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1048Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1049Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1050Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1051Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1052Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1053Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1054Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1055Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1056Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1057Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1058Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1059Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1060Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1061Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1062Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1063Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1064Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1065Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1066Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1067Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1068Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1069Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1070Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1071Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1072Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1073Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1074Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1075Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1076Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1077Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1078Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1079Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1080Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1081Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1082Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1083Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1084Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1085Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1086Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1087# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1088Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1089 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1090 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1091 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1092 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1093 1094 1095# Iraq 1096# 1097# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1098# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1099# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1100# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1101# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1102# 1103# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1104# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1105# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1106# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1107# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1108# 1109# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1110 1111# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1112# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1113# news sources (in Arabic): 1114# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1115# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1116# 1117# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1118# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1119 1120# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1121Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1122Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1123Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1124Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1125Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1126Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1127# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1128# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1129# 1130Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1131Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1133Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1134 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1135 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1136 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1137 1138 1139############################################################################### 1140 1141# Israel 1142 1143# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1144# 1145# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1146# different abbreviations in use: 1147# 1148# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1149# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1150# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1151# 1152# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1153# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1154# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1155# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1156# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1157# settings in Israeli computers. 1158# 1159# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1160# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1161# family is from India). 1162 1163# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1165Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1166Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1167Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1168Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1169Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1170Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1171Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1172Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1173Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1174Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1175Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1176Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1177Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1178Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1179Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1180Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1181Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1182Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1183Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1184Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1185Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1186Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1187Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1188Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1189Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1190Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1191Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1192Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1194Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1195Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1196Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1197Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1198Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1199Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1200Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1201Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1202Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1203 1204# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1205# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1206# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1207# ends and changes to Sunday. 1208Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1209Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1210 1211# From Ephraim Silverberg 1212# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1213# and 2005-02-17): 1214 1215# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1216# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1217# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1218# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1219# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1220# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1221# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1222# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1223# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1224# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1225# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1226# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1227# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1228# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1229# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1230# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1231# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1232# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1233# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1234# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1235# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1236# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1237 1238# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1239Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1240Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1241Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1242Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1243Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1244Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1245Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1246Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1247Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1248Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1249 1250# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1251# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1252# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1253 1254# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1255Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1256Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1257Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1258Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1259 1260# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1261# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1262# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1263# 1264# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1265# 1266# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1267# 1268# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1269# 1270# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1271# 1272# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1273 1274# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1275Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1276Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1277Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1278Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1279Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1280Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1281Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1282Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1283 1284# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1285# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1286# years 2001-2004 as well. 1287# 1288# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1289# 1290# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1291# 1292# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1293# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1294# 1295# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1296 1297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1298Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1299Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1300Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1301Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1302Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1303Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1304Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1305Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1306Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1307Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1308 1309# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1310# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1311# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1312# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1313# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1314# 1315# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1316# 1317# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1318 1319# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1320# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1321# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1322# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1323# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1324# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1325# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1326# 1327# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1328# 1329# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1330# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1331# springtime transitions explicitly. 1332 1333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1334Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1335Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1336Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1337Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1338Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1339Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1340Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1341Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1342Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1343Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1344Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1345Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1346 1347# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1348# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1349# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1350# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1351# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1352# 1353# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1354# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1355 1356# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1357Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1358Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1359 1360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1361Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1362 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1363 2:00 Zion I%sT 1364 1365 1366 1367############################################################################### 1368 1369# Japan 1370 1371# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1372 1373# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1374# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1375# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1376# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1377 1378# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1379# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1380# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1381# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1382# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1383# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1384# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1385# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1386# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1387# wanted to keep it.) 1388 1389# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1390# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1391# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1392Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1393Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1394Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1395Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1396# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1397# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1398# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1399# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1400 1401# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1402# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1403# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1404# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1405# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1406# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1407# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1408# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1409 1410# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1411# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1412# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1413# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1414# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1415# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1416# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1417# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1418# standard.... 1419# 1420# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1421# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1422 1423# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1424# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1425# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1426# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1427# 1428# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1429# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1430# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1431# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1432 1433# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1434Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1435 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1436 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1437 9:00 Japan J%sT 1438# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1439 1440# Jordan 1441# 1442# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1443# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1444# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1445# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1446# all year round. 1447# 1448# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1449# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1450# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1451# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1452# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1453# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1454# 1455# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1456# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1457# 1458# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1459# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1460# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1461# 1462# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1463# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1464# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1465# 1466 1467# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1468# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1469# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1470# 1471# Google's translation: 1472# 1473# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1474# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1475# > of the month of March of each year. 1476# 1477# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1478 1479# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1480# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1481 1482# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1483# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1484# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1485# until about the same time next year (at least). 1486# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1487 1488# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1489# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1490# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1491# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1492# Official, in Arabic: 1493# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1494# ... Our background/permalink about it 1495# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1496# ... 1497# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1498# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1499# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1500 1501# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1502# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1503 1504# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1505Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1506Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1507Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1508Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1509Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1510Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1511Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1512Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1513Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1514Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1515Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1516Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1517Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1519Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1520Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1521Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1522Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1523Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1524Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1525Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1526Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1527Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1528Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1529Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1530Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1531Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1532Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1533Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1534Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1535Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1536# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1537Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1538 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1539 1540 1541# Kazakhstan 1542 1543# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1544# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1545# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1546# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1547# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1548# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1549 1550# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1551# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1552# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1553# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1554# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1555# 1556# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1557# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1558# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1559 1560# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 1561# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1562# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1563# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1564# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1565# 1566# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1567# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1568# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1569# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1570# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1571# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1572# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1573# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1574# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1575 1576# 1577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1578# 1579# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1580Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1581 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1582 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1583 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1584 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1585 6:00 - ALMT 1586# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1587Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1588 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1589 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1590 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1591 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1592 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1593 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1594 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1595 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1596 6:00 - QYZT 1597# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) 1598Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1599 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1600 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1601 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1602 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1603 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1604 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1605 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1606 5:00 - AQTT 1607# Mangghystau 1608# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1609# so include time stamps before 1963. 1610Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1611 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1612 5:00 - FORT 1963 1613 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1614 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1615 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1616 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1617 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1618 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1619 5:00 - AQTT 1620# West Kazakhstan 1621Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1622 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1623 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1624 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1625 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1626 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1627 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1628 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1629 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1630 5:00 - ORAT 1631 1632# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1633# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1634 1635# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1636# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1637# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1638# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1639# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1640# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1641# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1642# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1643 1644# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1645Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1646Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1647Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1648Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1649# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1650Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1651 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1652 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1653 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1654 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1655 6:00 - KGT 1656 1657############################################################################### 1658 1659# Korea (North and South) 1660 1661# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1662# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1663# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1664# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1665# between 1987 and 1988 ... 1666 1667# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1668# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1669# According to the Korean Wikipedia 1670# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1671# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1672# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1673# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1674# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1675# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1676# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1677 1678# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1679Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1680Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1681Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1682Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1683Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1684Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1685Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1686Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1687Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1688Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1689Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1690Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1691Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1692Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1693 1694# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30): 1695# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1696# 1697# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5) 1698# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1699# (Announcement No. 338) 1700# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1701# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1702# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31) 1703# 1704# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change 1705# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change 1706# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now. 1707# 1708# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1709# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1710# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1711# 1712# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II. 1713 1714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1715Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1716 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1717 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1718 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1719 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1720 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1721 9:00 ROK K%sT 1722Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1723 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1724 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1725 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1726 9:00 - KST 1727 1728############################################################################### 1729 1730# Kuwait 1731# See Asia/Riyadh. 1732 1733# Laos 1734# See Asia/Bangkok. 1735 1736 1737# Lebanon 1738# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1739Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1740Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1741Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1742Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1743Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1744Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1745Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1746Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1747Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1748Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1749Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1750Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1751Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1752Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1753Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1754Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1755Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1756Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1757Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1758Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1759Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1760Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1761Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1762Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1764Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1765 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1766 1767# Malaysia 1768# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1769Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1770Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1771# 1772# peninsular Malaysia 1773# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1774# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 1775# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1776Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1777 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1778 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1779 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1780 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1781 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1782 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1783 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1784 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1785# Sabah & Sarawak 1786# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 1787# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 1788# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1789# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1790Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1791 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1792 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1793 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1794 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1795 8:00 - MYT 1796 1797# Maldives 1798# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1799Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1800 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1801 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1802 1803# Mongolia 1804 1805# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1806# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1807# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 1808 1809# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1810# General Information Mongolia 1811# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 1812# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1813# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1814# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1815# eight hours." 1816 1817# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1818# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1819# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1820# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1821# of implementation may have been different.... 1822# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1823# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1824# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 1825 1826# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1827# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1828# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1829# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1830# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1831# is good enough for our purposes. 1832 1833# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1834# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1835# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1836# there are three time zones. 1837# 1838# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1839# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 1840# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 1841# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 1842# 1843# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1844 1845# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1846# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1847# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1848# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1849# 1850# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1851# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1852# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1853 1854# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1855# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1856# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1857# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1858# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 1859# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1860# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1861# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1862# He also found 1863# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 1864# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1865# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1866# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1867# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1868# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1869# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1870# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1871 1872# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1873# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1874# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1875# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1876 1877# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1878# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1879# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1880# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1881# database on this, e.g.: 1882# 1883# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1884# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1885# 1886# both say GMT+08:00. 1887 1888# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1889# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1890# schedule here: 1891# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1892# (click the English flag for English) 1893# 1894# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1895# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1896# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1897# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1898# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1899# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1900 1901# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1902# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1903# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1904# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1905# this is almost surely wrong. 1906 1907# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 1908# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 1909# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 1910# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 1911# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 1912# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 1913 1914# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1915Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1916Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1917# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1918# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1919# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1920# 1921# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1922# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 1923# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1924# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1925# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1926# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1927 1928Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1929Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1930# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1931Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1932Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1933Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1934Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1935Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 1936 1937# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1938# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1939Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1940 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1941 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1942# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1943Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1944 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1945 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1946# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1947# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1948Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1949 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1950 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1951 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1952 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1953 1954# Nepal 1955# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1956Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1957 5:30 - IST 1986 1958 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1959 1960# Oman 1961# See Asia/Dubai. 1962 1963# Pakistan 1964 1965# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1966# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1967# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1968# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1969# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1970# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1971 1972# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1973# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 1974# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1975# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1976# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1977# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1978# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1979# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1980# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1981# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1982# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1983 1984# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1985# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1986# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1987 1988# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1989# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1990# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1991# 1992# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1993# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1994# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1995# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1996# 1997# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1998# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1999 2000# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2001# 2002# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2003# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2004# 2005# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2006# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2007# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2008# 2009# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2010# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2011 2012# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2013# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2014 2015# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2016# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2017# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2018# instead of August 31. 2019# 2020# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2021# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2022 2023# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2024# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2025# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2026# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2027# official working." 2028# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2029# 2030# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2031# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2032# 2033# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2034# April 08, 2009 2035# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2036# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2037# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2038# 2039# .... 2040# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2041# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2042# conserve energy" 2043 2044# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2045# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2046# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2047# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2048# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2049# this regard." 2050# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2051 2052# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2053# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2054# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2055# October 1, 2009. 2056# 2057# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2058# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2059# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2060# 2061# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2062# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2063# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2064# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2065# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2066# Monday." 2067# 2068# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2069# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2070# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2071# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2072# 2073# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2074# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2075# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2076 2077# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2078# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2079# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2080 2081# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2082# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2083# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2084# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2085# > 2086# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2087# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2088# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2089# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2090# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2091# 2092# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2093# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2094# 2095# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2096# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2097 2098# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2099Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2100Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2101Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2102Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2103Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2104 2105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2106Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2107 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2108 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2109 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2110 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2111 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2112 2113# Palestine 2114 2115# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2116# 2117# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2118# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2119# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2120# 2121# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2122# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2123# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2124# though. 2125# 2126# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2127# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2128# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2129# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2130# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2131# East Jerusalem. 2132# 2133# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2134# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2135# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2136# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2137# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2138# 2139# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2140# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2141# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2142# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2143# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2144# Jordanian one). 2145# 2146# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2147# 2148# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2149# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2150# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2151# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2152# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2153# 2154# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2155# have one). 2156 2157# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2158# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2159# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2160# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2161# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2162# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2163# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2164# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2165# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2166# to Palestine's rules. 2167 2168# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2169# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2170# 2171# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2172# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2173# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2174# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2175 2176# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2177# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2178# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2179# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2180# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2181# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2182# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2183# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2184 2185# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2186# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2187 2188# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2189# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2190# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2191# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2192# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2193 2194# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2195# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2196# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2197# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2198# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2199# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2200# the West Bank. 2201 2202# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2203# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2204# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2205# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2206# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2207# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2208# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2209# because of the Ramadan. 2210 2211# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2212# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2213# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2214 2215# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2216# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2217# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2218# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2219# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2220# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2221 2222# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2223# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2224# 2225# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2226# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2227# 2228# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2229# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2230# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2231 2232# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2233# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2234# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2235# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2236# 2237# (in Arabic) 2238# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2239# 2240# (English translation) 2241# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2242 2243# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2244# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2245# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2246# 2247# One news source: 2248# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2249# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2250# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2251# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2252# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2253# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2254# 2255# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2256# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2257# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2258 2259# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2260# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2261# 2262# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2263# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2264# 2265# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2266# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2267# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2268# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2269 2270# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2271# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2272# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2273# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2274# 2275# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2276# (in Arabic) 2277# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2278 2279# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2280# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2281# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2282# noon though: 2283# 2284# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2285# (Ma'an News Agency) 2286# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2287# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2288 2289# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2290# According to several sources, including 2291# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2292# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2293# Gaza and the West Bank. 2294# Some more background info: 2295# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2296 2297# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2298# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2299# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2300# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2301# Ramadan. 2302# 2303# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2304# Additional info: 2305# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2306 2307# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2308# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2309# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2310# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2311# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2312# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2313# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2314# ... 2315# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2316# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2317# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2318 2319# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2320# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2321# 00:00). 2322# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2323# 2324# Many sources, including: 2325# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2326 2327# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2328# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2329# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2330# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2331# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2332# 2333# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2334# 2335# Our brief summary: 2336# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2337 2338# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2339# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2340# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2341# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2342# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2343# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2344 2345# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2346# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2347# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2348# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2349# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2350# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2351# official source...: 2352# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2353 2354# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2355# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2356# and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2357# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2358# 2359# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2360# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2361# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2362# For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through 2363# the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2364# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs: 2365# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2366# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2367 2368# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2369Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2370Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2371Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2372Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2373Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2374Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2375 2376Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2377Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2378Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2379Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2380Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2381Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2382Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2383Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2384Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2385Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2386Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2387Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2388Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2389Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2390Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2391Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2392Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2393Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2394Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2395Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2396Rule Palestine 2015 max - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2397 2398# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2399Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2400 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2401 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2402 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2403 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2404 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2405 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2406 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2407 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2408 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2409 2:00 - EET 2012 2410 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2411 2412Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2413 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2414 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2415 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2416 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2417 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2418 2419# Paracel Is 2420# no information 2421 2422# Philippines 2423# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2424# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2425# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2426# History of the International Date Line 2427# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2428# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2429 2430# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2431# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2432# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2433# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2434# but no details] 2435 2436# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2437# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2438# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2439# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2440# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2441# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2442# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2443 2444# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2445Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2446Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2447Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2448Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2449Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2450Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2452Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2453 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2454 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2455 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2456 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2457 2458# Qatar 2459# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2460Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2461 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2462 3:00 - AST 2463Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2464 2465# Saudi Arabia 2466# 2467# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2468# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2469# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2470# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2471# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2472# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2473# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2474# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2475# 2476# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2477# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2478# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2479# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2480# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2481# earlier date. 2482# 2483# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2484# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2485# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2486# 2487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2488Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2489 3:00 - AST 2490Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2491Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2492 2493# Singapore 2494# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2495# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2497Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2498 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2499 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2500 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2501 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2502 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2503 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2504 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2505 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2506 8:00 - SGT 2507 2508# Spratly Is 2509# no information 2510 2511# Sri Lanka 2512 2513# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2514# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2515# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2516# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2517# Shanks and Pottenger. 2518 2519# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2520# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2521# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2522# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2523# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2524# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2525# 2526# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2527# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2528# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2529# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2530# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2531 2532# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2533# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2534# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2535# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2536 2537# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2538# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2539# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2540# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2541# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2542# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2543# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2544# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2545 2546# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2547# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2548# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2549# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2550# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2551# 2552# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2553# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2554# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2555# 2556# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2557# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2558# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2559# item.... 2560# 2561# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2562# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2563# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2564# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2565# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2566# 2567# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2568# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2569# all computers. 2570 2571# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2572# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2573# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2574 2575# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2576Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2577 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2578 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2579 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2580 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2581 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2582 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2583 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2584 5:30 - IST 2585 2586# Syria 2587# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2588Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2589Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2590Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2591Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2592Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2593Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2594Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2595Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2596Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2597Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2598Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2599Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2600Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2601Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2602Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2603Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2604Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2605Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2606Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2607Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2608Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2609Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2610Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2611Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2612Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2613Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2614Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2615Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2616# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2617# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2618# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2619# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2620# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2621# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2622Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2623Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2624Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2625Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2626# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2627# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2628# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2629Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2630# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2631# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2632# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2633Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2634# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2635# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2636# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2637# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2638# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2639# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2640# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2641# 2642# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2643# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2644# 2645# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2646# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2647# 2648# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2649# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2650# 2651# which using Google's translate tools says: 2652# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2653# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2654# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2655Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2656 2657# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2658# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2659# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2660# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2661# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2662# Variation 2663# Syrian Arab 2664# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2665# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2666# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2667 2668# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2669# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2670# Agency (SANA)... 2671# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2672# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2673# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2674# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2675# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2676# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2677 2678# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2679# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2680# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2681# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2682# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2683 2684# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2685# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2686# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2687# 2688# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2689# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2690# clocks back 60 minutes). 2691# 2692# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2693 2694# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2695# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2696# two examples: 2697# 2698# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2699# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2700# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2701# (Arabic, gov-site) 2702# 2703# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2704# 2705# Our summary 2706# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2707 2708# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2709# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2710# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2711# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2712# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2713 2714# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2715# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2716# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2717# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2718 2719# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2720# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2721# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2722# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2723# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2724 2725# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2726# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2727# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2728# 2729# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2730# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2731# 2732# Our brief summary: 2733# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2734 2735# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2736# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2737 2738Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2739Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2740Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2741Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2742Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2743Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2744 2745# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2746Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2747 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2748 2749# Tajikistan 2750# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2751# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2752Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2753 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2754 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2755 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2756 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2757 2758# Thailand 2759# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2760Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2761 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2762 7:00 - ICT 2763Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 2764Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 2765 2766# Turkmenistan 2767# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2768# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2769Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2770 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2771 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2772 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2773 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2774 5:00 - TMT 2775 2776# United Arab Emirates 2777# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2778Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2779 4:00 - GST 2780Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 2781 2782# Uzbekistan 2783# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 2784# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2785Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 2786 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2787 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2788 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2789 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2790 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2791 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2792 5:00 - UZT 2793# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2794Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2795 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2796 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2797 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2798 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2799 5:00 - UZT 2800 2801# Vietnam 2802 2803# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 2804# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2805# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2806# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2807# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 2808 2809# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2810# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2811# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2812 2813# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 2814# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 2815# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 2816# is quoted verbatim in: 2817# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 2818# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 2819# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 2820# and is the basis for the information below. 2821# 2822# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 2823# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 2824# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 2825# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 2826# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 2827# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 2828# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 2829# 2830# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 2831# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 2832# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 2833# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 2834# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 2835# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 2836# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 2837# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 2838# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 2839# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 2840# 2841# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 2842# 2843# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 2844# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 2845# 2846# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 2847# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 2848# 2849# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 2850# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 2851 2852# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2853Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 2854 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 2855 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00 2856 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00 2857 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 2858 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1 2859 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1 2860 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00 2861 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13 2862 7:00 - ICT 2863 2864# Yemen 2865# See Asia/Riyadh. 2866