1# tzdb data for Asia and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 34# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 35# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 36# 37# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 38# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 39# 40# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 41# (corrections are welcome): 42# std dst 43# LMT Local Mean Time 44# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 45# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 46# 5:30 IST India 47# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 48# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 49# 8:00 CST China 50# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941) 51# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines 52# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 53# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 54# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 55# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 56# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below. 57# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 58# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 59# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 60# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 61# 62# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 63 64# From Guy Harris: 65# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 66# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 67# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 68# Worldwide Edition). 69 70############################################################################### 71 72# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 73# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 75Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 76Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 77Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 78Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 79Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 80Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 81Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 85 86# Afghanistan 87# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 88Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 89 4:00 - +04 1945 90 4:30 - +0430 91 92# Armenia 93# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 94# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 95# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 96# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 97# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 98# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 99# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 100# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 101# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 102 103# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 104# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 105# follow Russia's "old" rules. 106 107# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 108# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 109# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 110# 111# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 112# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 113# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 114# or 115# (brief) 116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 117# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 120# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 122 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 123 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 124 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 125 4:00 - +04 1997 126 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 127 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 128 129# Azerbaijan 130 131# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 132# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 133# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 134# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 135 136# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 137# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 138# daylight saving time.... 139# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 140# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 141# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 142 143# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 145Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 146# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 148 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 149 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 150 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 151 4:00 - +04 1996 152 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 153 4:00 Azer +04/+05 154 155# Bahrain 156# See Asia/Qatar. 157 158# Bangladesh 159# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 160# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 161# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 162# 163# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 164# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 165# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 166# 167# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 168# June 169# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 170# crippling power crisis. " 171# 172# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 173# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 174 175# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 176# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 177# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 178# 179# Some sources: 180# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 181# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 182# 183# Our wrap-up: 184# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 185 186# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 187# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 188# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 189# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 190# 191# No DST end date has been announced yet. 192 193# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 194# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 195# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 196# 197# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 198# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 199# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 200# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 201 202# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 203# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 204# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 205# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 206# "continue for an indefinite period." 207# 208# One of many places where it is published: 209# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 210 211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 212# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 213# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 214# 215# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 216# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 217# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 218# 219# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 220# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 221# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 222# Minister's Office last night..." 223 224# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 225# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 226# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 227# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 228# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 229 230# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 231Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 232Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 233 234# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 236 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 237 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 238 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 239 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 240 6:00 - +06 2009 241 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 242 243# Bhutan 244# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 246 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 247 6:00 - +06 248 249# British Indian Ocean Territory 250# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 251# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 252# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 253# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 254# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 255# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 257 5:00 - +05 1996 258 6:00 - +06 259 260# Brunei 261# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 263 7:30 - +0730 1933 264 8:00 - +08 265 266# Burma / Myanmar 267 268# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 269 270# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 271# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 272# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 273# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 274# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 275 276# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 278 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 279 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 280 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 281 6:30 - +0630 282 283# Cambodia 284# See Asia/Bangkok. 285 286 287# China 288 289# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 290# According to this news report: 291# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml 292# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring 293# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did 294# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a 295# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to 296# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at 297# Tianjin got terminated in 1920. 298# 299# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 300# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was 301# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October 302# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was 303# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would 304# not be repeated." 305# 306# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 307Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D 308Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 309 310# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 311# The following comes from Table 1 of: 312# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 313# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 314# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 315# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 316# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 317# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 318 319# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 320# 321# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is 322# actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, 323# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai 324# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with 325# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar 326# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the 327# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese 328# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was 329# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s 330# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some 331# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time 332# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening 333# hours. 334# 335# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority 336# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other 337# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and 338# spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to 339# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical 340# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to 341# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to 342# match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather 343# observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the 344# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their 345# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock 346# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard 347# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust 348# their clock to their preferred time. 349# 350# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was 351# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French 352# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen, 353# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay 354# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time 355# on the same date as Shanghai". 356# 357# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do 358# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 359# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the 360# original schedule ten days earlier. 361# 362# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 363# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay 364# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special 365# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by 366# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang 367# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea 368# to situation before that announcement) 369# 370# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at 371# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on 372# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would 373# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due 374# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the 375# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on 376# November 1. 377# 378# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United 379# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the 380# international settlement, taken over its control 381# 382# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward 383# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal 384# department will also change their clocks, unlike before. 385# 386# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the 387# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the 388# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during 389# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to 390# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such 391# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches 392# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. 393 394# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 395# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be 396# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , 397# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some 398# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in 399# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope 400# of such use will need to be investigated to determine. 401# 402# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 403Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 404Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 405Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 406Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 407Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 408Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 409Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 410Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 411Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 412Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 413Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 414Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 415 416# From Guy Harris: 417# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 418 419# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 420# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 421# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 422# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 423# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 424# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 425# 426# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 427# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 428# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 429# 430# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 431# 1987 mid-April - ?? 432 433# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 434# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 435# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 436 437# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 438# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 439# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 440# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 441 442# From P Chan (2018-05-07): 443# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 444# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 445# Government notices about summer time: 446# 447# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 448# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 449# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 450# 451# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 452# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 453# 454# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 455# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 456# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 457# 458# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 459# (To suspend summer time from 1992) 460# 461# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 462# to begin on 17 April. 463# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 464 465# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 466Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 467Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 468Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 469 470# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 471# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 472# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 473# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 474# 475# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 476# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 477# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 478# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 479# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 480# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 481# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 482# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 483# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 484# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 485 486# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 487# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 488# 489# (1) 490# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 491# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 492# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 493# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. 494# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 495# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 496# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 497# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 498# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 499# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 500# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 501# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 502# could well have ignored any such mandate. 503# 504# (2) 505# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 506# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 507# [undated and unknown publication location] 508# It says several things: 509# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 510# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 511# the official calendar book of 1914. 512# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 513# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 514# Observatory and set to local mean time. 515# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 516# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 517# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 518# became used by railways as well. 519# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 520# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 521# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 522# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 523# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 524# Japanese-occupied territory. 525# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 526# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 527# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 528# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 529# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 530# 531# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 532# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 533# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 534# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 535# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 536# 537# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 538# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 539# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 540# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 541# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 542# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 543# 544# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 545# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 546# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 547# 548# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 549# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 550# most of China 551# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 552# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 553# 554# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 555# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 556# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 557# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 558# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 559# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 560# 561# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 562# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 563# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 564# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 565# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 566# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 567# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 568# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 569# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 570# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 571# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 572# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 573# 574# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 575# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 576# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 577# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 578# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 579# and Yarkand. 580 581# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 582# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 583# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 584# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 585# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 586# they implicitly use Beijing time. 587# 588# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 589# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 590# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 591# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 592# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 593# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 594# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 595# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 596# 597# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 598# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 599# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 600# 601# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 602# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 603# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 604# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 605# others moving their clocks ahead.) 606 607# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 608# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 609# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 610# 611# 1. Wulumuqi... 612# 2. Kashi... 613# 3. Urumqi... 614# 4. Kashgar... 615# ... 616# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 617# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 618# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 619# 620# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 621# start date for Xinjiang time. 622# 623# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 624# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 625# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 626# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 627 628# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 629# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 630# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 631 632# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 633# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 634# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 635# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 636# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 637# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 638# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 639# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 640# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 641# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 642# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 643# having the same time as Beijing. 644 645# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 646# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 647# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 648# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 649# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 650# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 651# 652# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 653# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 654# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 655# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 656# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 657# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 658# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 659# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 660# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 661# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 662# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 663# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 664# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 665# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 666# +08 mandate back then. 667 668# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 669# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 670Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 671 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 672 8:00 PRC C%sT 673# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 674# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 675Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 676 6:00 - +06 677 678 679# Hong Kong 680 681# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 682 683# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 684# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 685# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 686# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 687# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 688# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 689# think 3:30 is correct. 690 691# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 692# According to Singaporean newspaper 693# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 694# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 695# 696# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 697# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 698# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 699# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 700# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 701# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 702# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 703# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 704# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 705# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 706# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 707# 708# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 709# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 710# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. 711# 712# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): 713# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 714# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> 715# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the 716# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake 717# of broadcasting the new local time. 718# 719# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): 720# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the 721# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to 722# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the 723# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." 724# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 725# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. 726 727# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): 728# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... 729# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was 730# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong 731# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 732# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given 733# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China 734# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to 735# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and 736# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that 737# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the 738# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they 739# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, 740# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note 741# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it 742# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was 743# captured by Japan. 744# 745# Image of related sections on newspaper: 746# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". 747# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) 748# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset 749# time and other things for September 30 and October 1. 750# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg 751# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. 752# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg 753# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. 754# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png 755# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. 756# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png 757 758# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 759# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving. 760# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure, 761# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back 762# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving 763# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong 764# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28. 765# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced 766 767# From P Chan (2018-12-31): 768# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the 769# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. 770# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf 771# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf 772# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was 773# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. 774# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png 775# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png 776# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png 777# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on 778# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) 779# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png 780# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 781# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 782# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 783# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 784# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 785# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 786# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 787# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 788# Summer Time Ordinance 1953 789# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 790# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 791# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 792# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 793# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 794# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 795# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 796# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 797# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 798# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 799 800# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 801# Here are the dates given at 802# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm 803# as of 2020-02-10: 804# Year Period 805# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 806# 1942 Whole year 807# 1943 Whole year 808# 1944 Whole year 809# 1945 Whole year 810# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 811# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 812# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 813# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 814# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 815# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 816# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 817# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 818# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 819# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 820# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 821# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 822# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 823# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 824# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 825# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 826# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 827# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 828# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 829# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 830# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 831# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 832# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 833# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 834# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 835# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 836# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 837# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 838# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 839# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 840# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 841# 1977 Nil 842# 1978 Nil 843# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 844# 1980 to Now Nil 845# The page does not give times of day for transitions, 846# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. 847# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. 848 849# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 850Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S 851Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - 852Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S 853Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - 854Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S 855Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - 856Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 857Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - 858Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 859Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 860Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 861Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 862Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S 863Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - 864# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 865Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42 866 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 867 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 868 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25 869 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 870 8:00 HK HK%sT 871 872############################################################################### 873 874# Taiwan 875 876# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 877# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 878# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 879# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 880 881# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 882# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 883# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 884# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 885# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 886# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 887# found on Wikisource: 888# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 889# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 890# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 891# declared officially. 892# 893# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 894# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 895# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 896# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 897# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 898# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 899# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 900# be found on Wikisource: 901# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 902# 903# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 904 905# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 906# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 907# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 908# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 909# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 910# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 911# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 912# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 913# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 914# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 915# that: 916# 917# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 918# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 919# 920# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 921# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 922# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 923# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 924# 925# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 926# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 927# Time. 928# 929# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 930# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 931# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 932# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 933# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 934# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 935 936# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 937# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 938# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 939# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 940# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 941# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 942# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 943# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 944# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 945# would be a good one. 946# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 947# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 948 949# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 950# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 951# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 952# 953# Original Bulletin: 954# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 955# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 956# 957# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 958# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 959# 960# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 961# 962# Here is a brief translation: 963# 964# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 965# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 966# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 967# 968# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 969# be found from historical government announcement database. 970 971# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 972# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 973# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 974# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 975 976# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 977Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 978Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 979Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 980Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 981Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 982Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 983Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 984Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 985Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 986Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 987Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 988Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 989Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 990Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 991Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 992 993# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 994# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 995Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 996 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 997 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 998 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 999 1000# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 1001# 1002# From P Chan (2018-05-10): 1003# * LegisMac 1004# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 1005# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 1006# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for 1007# searching decrees about summer time. 1008# * Archives of Macao 1009# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 1010# It contains images of old official gazettes. 1011# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 1012# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 1013# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 1014# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 1015# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 1016# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 1017# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 1018# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 1019# 1020# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 1021# 1022# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 1023# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 1024# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 1025# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 1026# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 1027# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 1028# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 1029# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 1030# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 1031# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 1032# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 1033# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 1034# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 1035# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 1036# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 1037# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 1038# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 1039# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 1040# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 1041# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 1042# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 1043# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 1044# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 1045# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 1046# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 1047# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 1048# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 1049# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 1050# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 1051# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 1052# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 1053# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 1054# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 1055# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 1056# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 1057# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 1058# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 1059# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 1060# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 1061# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 1062# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 1063# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 1064# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 1065# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 1066# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 1067# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 1068# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 1069# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 1070# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 1071# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 1072# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 1073# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 1074# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 1075# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 1076# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 1077# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 1078# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 1079# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 1080# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 1081# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 1082# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 1083# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 1084# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 1085# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 1086# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 1087# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 1088# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 1089# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 1090# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 1091# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 1092# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 1093# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 1094# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to 1095# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 1096# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 1097 1098# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 1099# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 1100# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 1101 1102# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1103Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 1104Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 1105Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 1106Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 1107Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 1108Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 1109Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 1110Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 1111Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 1112Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1113Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1114Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 1115Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 1116Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1117Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 1118Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1119Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 1120Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 1121Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 1122Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 1123Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1124Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 1125Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1126Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 1127Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1128Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 1129Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1130 1131# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1132Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 1133 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 1134 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 1135 8:00 Macau C%sT 1136 1137 1138############################################################################### 1139 1140# Cyprus 1141 1142# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 1143# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 1144 1145# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 1146# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 1147# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 1148# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 1149# 1150# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 1151# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 1152# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 1153 1154# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1155# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 1156# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 1157# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 1158# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 1159 1160# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1161Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 1162Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 1163Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1164Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 1165Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1166Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1167Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1168Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1169Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1170# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1171Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1172 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1173 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1174Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1175 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1176 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 1177 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 1178 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1179 1180# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 1181# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 1182Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 1183 1184# Georgia 1185# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 1186# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 1187# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 1188# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 1189# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 1190# 1191# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 1192# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 1193# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 1194# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 1195# 1196# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 1197# 1198# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 1199# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 1200# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 1201# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 1202# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 1203# of integration into Europe. 1204 1205# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1206# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1207# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1208# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1209# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1210# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1211# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1212# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1213# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1214 1215# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1216# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1217# Go with Byalokoz. 1218 1219# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1220Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1221 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1222 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 1223 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1224 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 1225 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 1226 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 1227 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 1228 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 1229 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1230 4:00 - +04 1231 1232# East Timor 1233 1234# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1235 1236# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1237# East Timor may be late for its millennium 1238# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1239# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1240# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1241# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1242# conflicts with their way of life. 1243 1244# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1245# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1246# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1247 1248# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1249# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1250# (2000-08-16): 1251# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1252# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1253# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1254# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1255 1256# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1257Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1258 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1259 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 1260 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1261 9:00 - +09 1262 1263# India 1264 1265# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: 1266# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. 1267# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours 1268# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is 1269# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be 1270# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with 1271# that of almost the whole of the civilised world." 1272# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 1273# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 1274 1275# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1276# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1277# (2015-12-22): 1278# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1279# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1280# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1281# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1282 1283# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1284# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1285# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1286# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1287# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1288# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1289# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1290# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1291# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1292# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1293# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1294# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1295# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1296# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1297# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1298# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1299# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1300# 1301# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1302# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1303# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1304# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1305# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1306# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1307# 1308# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1309# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1310# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1311# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1312# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1313# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1314# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1315# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1316# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1317# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1318# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1319# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1320# 1941-1945 data. 1321 1322# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1323Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1324 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1325 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1326 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1327 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 1328 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1329 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 1330 5:30 - IST 1331# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1332# Andaman Is 1333# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1334# Nicobar Is 1335 1336# Indonesia 1337# 1338# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1339# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1340# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 1341# 1342# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1343# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1344# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1345# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1346# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1347# 1348# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1349# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1350# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1351# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1352# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1353# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1354# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1355# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1356# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1357# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1358# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1359# switched on 1945-09-23. 1360# 1361# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1362# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1363# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1364# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1365# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1366# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1367# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1368# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1369# 1370# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1371# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1372# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1373# 1374# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1375# Java, Sumatra 1376Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1377# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1378# but this must be a typo. 1379 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1380 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1381 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1382 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1383 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1384 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1385 7:30 - +0730 1964 1386 7:00 - WIB 1387# west and central Borneo 1388Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1389 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1390 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1391 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1392 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1393 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1394 7:30 - +0730 1964 1395 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1396 7:00 - WIB 1397# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1398Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1399 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1400 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1401 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1402 8:00 - WITA 1403# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1404Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1405 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1406 9:30 - +0930 1964 1407 9:00 - WIT 1408 1409# Iran 1410 1411# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1412# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1413# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1414# 1415# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1416# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1417# 1418# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1419# 1420# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1421# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1422# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1423# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1424# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1425# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1426# 1427# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1428# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1429# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1430# Shahrivar. 1431# 1432# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1433# 1434# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1435# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1436# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1437# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1438# 1439# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1440# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1441# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1442# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1443# plan to change that law.... 1444# 1445# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30): 1446# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1447# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran" 1448# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's 1449# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the 1450# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar 1451# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so 1452# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of: 1453# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations: 1454# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018). 1455# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition 1456# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will 1457# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code 1458# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below. 1459# (cl-loop 1460# initially (require 'cal-persia) 1461# with first-persian-year = 1387 1462# with last-persian-year = 1466 1463# ;; Exceptional years in the above range, 1464# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264: 1465# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437) 1466# with range-start = nil 1467# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year 1468# do 1469# (let* 1470# ((exceptional-year-offset 1471# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)) 1472# (beg-dst-absolute 1473# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year)) 1474# exceptional-year-offset)) 1475# (end-dst-absolute 1476# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year)) 1477# exceptional-year-offset)) 1478# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute 1479# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year))) 1480# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))) 1481# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute)) 1482# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute)) 1483# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 1484# next-year-beg-dst-absolute)) 1485# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst)) 1486# (range-end (if range-start year "only"))) 1487# (setq range-start (or range-start year)) 1488# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst) 1489# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst)) 1490# (= persian-year last-persian-year)) 1491# (insert 1492# (format 1493# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n" 1494# range-start range-end 1495# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t) 1496# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst))) 1497# (insert 1498# (format 1499# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 1500# range-start range-end 1501# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t) 1502# (calendar-extract-day end-dst))) 1503# (setq range-start nil)))) 1504# 1505# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1506# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1507# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1508# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1509# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1510# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1511# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1512# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1513# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1514# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1515# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1516# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1517# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1518# 1519# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1520# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1521# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1522# 1523# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1524# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1525# daylight saving time ... 1526# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1527# 1528# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1529# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1530# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1531# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1532# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1533# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1534# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1535# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1536# 1537# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1538Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1539Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - 1540Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1541Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - 1542Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - 1543Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1544Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1545Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1546Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1547Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1548Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1549Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1550Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1551Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1552Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1553Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1554Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1555Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1556Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1557Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1558Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1559Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1560Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1561Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1562Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1563Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1564Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1565Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1566Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1567Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1568Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1569Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1570Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1571Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1572Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1573Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1574Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1575Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1576Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1577Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1578Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1579Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1580Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1581Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1582Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1583Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1584Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1585Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1586Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1587Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1588Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1589Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1590Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1591Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1592Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1593Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1594Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1595Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1596Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1597Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1598Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1599Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1600Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1601Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1602Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1603Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1604Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1605Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1606Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1607Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1608Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1609Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1610Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1611Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1612Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1613Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1614Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1615Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1616Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1617Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1618Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1619Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1620Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1621Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1622Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1623Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1624Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1625Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1626Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1627Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1628Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1629Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1630Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1631Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1632Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1633Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1634Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1635Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1636Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1637# 1638# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088. 1639# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the 1640# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates. 1641# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1642# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1643Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1644Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1645 1646# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1647Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1648 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1649 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1650 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1651 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1652 1653 1654# Iraq 1655# 1656# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1657# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1658# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1659# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1660# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1661# 1662# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1663# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1664# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1665# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1666# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1667# 1668# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1669 1670# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1671# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1672# news sources (in Arabic): 1673# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1674# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1675# 1676# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1677# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1678 1679# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1680Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1681Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1682Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1683Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1684Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1685Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1686# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1687# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1688# 1689Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1690Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1691# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1692Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1693 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1694 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1695 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1696 1697 1698############################################################################### 1699 1700# Israel 1701 1702# For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see: 1703# Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs. 1704# 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564 1705 1706# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1707# 1708# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1709# different abbreviations in use: 1710# 1711# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1712# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1713# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1714# 1715# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1716# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1717# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1718# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1719# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1720# settings in Israeli computers. 1721# 1722# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1723# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1724# family is from India). 1725 1726# From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections: 1727# 1728# 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette 1729# # issue page Order No. dated start end note 1730# 1 1010 729 67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2 1731# 2 1013 758 73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31 1940-09-30 1732# 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16 1940-12-31 1733# 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31 1941-12-31 1734# 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31 1942-12-31* amended by #6 1735# 6 1228 1608 86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31 1942-10-31 1736# 7 1256 279 21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31 1943-10-31 1737# 8 1323 249 19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31 1944-10-31 1738# 9 1402 328 20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15 1945-10-31 1739#10 1487 596 14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15 1946-10-31 1740# 1741# 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government) 1742# # issue page dated start end 1743#11 2 7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31* 1744# ^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT. 1745#12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31 1746# 1747# 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations) 1748# # issue page dated start end note 1749#13 6 133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30 1949-10-31 1750#14 80 755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15 1950-09-14 1751#15 164 782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31 1951-09-29* amended by #16 1752#16 206 1940 1951-09-23 ---------- 1951-10-22* amended by #17 1753#17 212 78 1951-10-19 ---------- 1951-11-10 1754#18 254 652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19 1952-09-27* amended by #19 1755#19 300 11 1952-09-15 ---------- 1952-10-18 1756#20 348 817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11 1953-09-12 1757#21 420 385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12 1954-09-11 1758#22 497 548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11 1955-09-10 1759#23 591 608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02 1956-09-29 1760#24 680 957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27 1957-09-21 1761#25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06 1974-10-12 1762#26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19 1975-08-30 1763#27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02 1980-09-13 1764#28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29 1765#29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05 1984-08-25 1766#30 4744 475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13 1985-09-14* amended by #31 1767#31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ---------- 1985-08-31 1768#32 4932 899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17 1986-09-06 1769#33 5013 580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34 1770#34 5021 744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14 1987-09-12 1771#35 5096 659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09 1988-09-03 1772#36 5167 514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29 1989-09-02 1773#37 5248 375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24 1990-08-25 1774#38 5335 612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31 amended by #39 1775# 1992-03-28 1992-09-05 1776#39 5339 709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23 ---------- 1777#40 5506 503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02 1993-09-05 1778# 1994-04-01 1994-08-28 1779# 1995-03-31 1995-09-03 1780#41 5731 438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14 1996-09-15 1781# 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov 1782# 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42 1783#42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19 1998-09-05 1784#43 5937 77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02 1999-09-03 1785# 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44 1786# 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44 1787#44 6024 39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14 2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1788# 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1789# 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1790# 1791# These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the 1792# transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law. 1793# dated start end 1794# 1997 Temporary Provisions 1997-03-06 1997-03-20 1997-09-13 1795# 2000 Temporary Provisions 2000-07-28 ---------- 2000-10-06 1796# 2001-04-09 2001-09-24 1797# 2002-03-29 2002-10-07 1798# 2003-03-28 2003-10-03 1799# 2004-04-07 2004-09-22 1800# Note: 1801# Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT, 1802# in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight, 1803# in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00, 1804# in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00. 1805# 1806# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1807# Links: 1808# 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687 1809# 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716 1810# 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721 1811# 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958 1812# 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558 1813# 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105 1814# 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278 1815# 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248 1816# 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329 1817#10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601 1818#11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3 1819#12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4 1820#13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3 1821#14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7 1822#15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10 1823#16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4 1824#17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2 1825#18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4 1826#19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5 1827#20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3 1828#21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5 1829#22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10 1830#23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6 1831#24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3 1832#25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2 1833#26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5 1834#27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2 1835#28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7 1836#29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2 1837#30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11 1838#31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2 1839#32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19 1840#33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8 1841#34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8 1842#35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3 1843#36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2 1844#37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7 1845#38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6 1846#39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7 1847#40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19 1848#41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2 1849#42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3 1850#43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9 1851#44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4 1852# 1853# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997 1854# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm 1855# 1856# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000 1857# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm 1858# 1859# Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments 1860# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm 1861# https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174 1862 1863# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27): 1864# Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous; 1865# are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s? When resolving these ambiguities, 1866# try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info. 1867# Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this. 1868 1869# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1870Rule Zion 1940 only - May 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1871Rule Zion 1940 only - Sep 30 24:00u 0 S 1872Rule Zion 1940 only - Nov 16 24:00u 1:00 D 1873Rule Zion 1942 1946 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S 1874Rule Zion 1943 1944 - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1875Rule Zion 1945 1946 - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D 1876Rule Zion 1948 only - May 22 24:00u 2:00 DD 1877Rule Zion 1948 only - Aug 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1878Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S 1879Rule Zion 1949 only - Apr 30 24:00u 1:00 D 1880Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D 1881Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 14 24:00u 0 S 1882Rule Zion 1951 only - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1883Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 10 24:00u 0 S 1884Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 19 24:00u 1:00 D 1885Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 18 24:00u 0 S 1886Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 11 24:00u 1:00 D 1887Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 12 24:00u 0 S 1888Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 12 24:00u 1:00 D 1889Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 11 24:00u 0 S 1890Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 24:00u 1:00 D 1891Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 10 24:00u 0 S 1892Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 2 24:00u 1:00 D 1893Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00u 0 S 1894Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 27 24:00u 1:00 D 1895Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 21 24:00u 0 S 1896Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 6 24:00 1:00 D 1897Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 1898Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 19 24:00 1:00 D 1899Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 30 24:00 0 S 1900 1901# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06): 1902# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf 1903# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06): 1904# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see 1905# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html 1906# You can of course read it in translation. 1907# I checked the local newspapers for that years. 1908# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am. 1909# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06): 1910# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL: 1911# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html 1912Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 24:00s 1:00 D 1913Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 24:00s 0 S 1914Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 24:00s 1:00 D 1915Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 24:00s 0 S 1916 1917Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 D 1918Rule Zion 1985 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S 1919Rule Zion 1986 only - May 17 24:00 1:00 D 1920Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 S 1921Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 14 24:00 1:00 D 1922Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 1923 1924# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1925# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1926# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1927# ends and changes to Sunday. 1928Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 24:00 1:00 D 1929Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 24:00 0 S 1930 1931# From Ephraim Silverberg 1932# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1933# and 2005-02-17): 1934 1935# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1936# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1937# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1938# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1939# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1940# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1941# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1942# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1943# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1944# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1945# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1946# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1947# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1948# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1949# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1950# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1951# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1952# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1953# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1954# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1955# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1956# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1957 1958# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1959Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 24:00 1:00 D 1960Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 24:00 0 S 1961Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 D 1962Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 25 24:00 0 S 1963Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 23 24:00 1:00 D 1964Rule Zion 1991 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S 1965Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 28 24:00 1:00 D 1966Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 5 24:00 0 S 1967Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1968Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1969 1970# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1971# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1972# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1973 1974# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1975Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1976Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1977Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1978Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1979 1980# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1981# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1982# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1983# 1984# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1985# 1986# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1987# 1988# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1989# 1990# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1991# 1992# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1993 1994# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1995Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 14 24:00 1:00 D 1996Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S 1997Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 D 1998Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 13 24:00 0 S 1999Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 2000Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 2001Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 2002Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 2003 2004# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 2005# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 2006# years 2001-2004 as well. 2007# 2008# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 2009# 2010# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 2011# 2012# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 2013# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 2014# 2015# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 2016 2017# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2018Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 2019Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 2020Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 2021Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 2022Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 2023Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 2024Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 2025Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 2026Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 2027Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 2028 2029# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 2030# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 2031# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 2032# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 2033# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 2034# 2035# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 2036# 2037# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 2038 2039# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2040Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D 2041Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 2042Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 2043Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 2044Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 2045Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 2046Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 2047Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 2048Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 2049 2050# From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26): 2051# The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed 2052# (in Hebrew) at: 2053# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf 2054# It translates to: 2055# Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in 2056# the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month 2057# of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional 2058# hour such that it will be UTC+3. 2059 2060# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2061Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 2062Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 2063 2064# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2065Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 2066 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 2067 2:00 Zion I%sT 2068 2069 2070 2071############################################################################### 2072 2073# Japan 2074 2075# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 2076 2077# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19): 2078# Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese 2079# timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each, 2080# with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government 2081# started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See: 2082# Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan" 2083# <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and 2084# data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before 2085# 1873 using Western-style local mean time. 2086 2087# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 2088# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 2089# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 2090# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 2091# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 2092# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 2093# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 2094 2095# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 2096# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 2097# which stands for the time on 135° E. 2098# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 2099# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 2100# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 2101# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 2102# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 2103# standard.... 2104# 2105# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 2106# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 2107 2108# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 2109# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 2110# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 2111# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 2112# 2113# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 2114# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 2115# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 2116# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 2117 2118# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 2119# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 2120# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 2121# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 2122 2123# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 2124# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 2125# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 2126# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 2127# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 2128# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 2129# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 2130# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 2131# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 2132# wanted to keep it.) 2133 2134# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 2135# The source of information is Japanese law. 2136# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 2137# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 2138# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 2139# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 2140 2141# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 2142# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2143# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 2144# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 2145# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 2146# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 2147# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 2148# of the summer time is described in the document. 2149# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 2150# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 2151# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 2152# change the clock before they sleep. 2153# 2154# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 2155# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 2156# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 2157# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 2158# which should be safe now. 2159 2160# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2161Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2162Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 2163Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2164Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2165 2166# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2167Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 2168 9:00 Japan J%sT 2169# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 2170# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 2171# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 2172 2173# Jordan 2174# 2175# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 2176# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2177# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 2178# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 2179# all year round. 2180# 2181# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 2182# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 2183# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 2184# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 2185# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 2186# government's departments from six to seven hours. 2187# 2188# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2189# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2190# 2191# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2192# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 2193# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 2194# 2195# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 2196# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 2197# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 2198# 2199 2200# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 2201# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 2202# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 2203# 2204# Google's translation: 2205# 2206# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 2207# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 2208# > of the month of March of each year. 2209# 2210# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 2211 2212# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 2213# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 2214 2215# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 2216# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 2217# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 2218# until about the same time next year (at least). 2219# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 2220 2221# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 2222# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 2223# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 2224# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 2225# Official, in Arabic: 2226# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 2227# ... Our background/permalink about it 2228# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 2229# ... 2230# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 2231# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 2232# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 2233 2234# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 2235# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 2236 2237# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2238Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 2239Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2240Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2241Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2242Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2243Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2244Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2245Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2246Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2247Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2248Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2249Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 2250Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 2251Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 2252Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 2253Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2254Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2255Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2256Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2257Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 2258Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 2259Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2260Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 2261Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2262Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 2263Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 2264Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2265Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2266Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 2267Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2268Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2269# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2270Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2271 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2272 2273 2274# Kazakhstan 2275 2276# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 2277# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 2278# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 2279# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 2280# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 2281# 2282# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 2283# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 2284# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 2285# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 2286# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 2287# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 2288# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 2289# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 2290# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 2291 2292# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 2293# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 2294# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 2295# 2296# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 2297# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 2298# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 2299# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 2300# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 2301# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 2302# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 2303# 2304# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 2305# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 2306# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 2307# text. 2308# 2309# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 2310# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 2311# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 2312# transition to "summer" time: 2313# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 2314# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 2315# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 2316# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 2317# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 2318# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 2319# Other territories were to not move clocks. 2320# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 2321# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 2322# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 2323# 2324# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 2325# was one of such changes. 2326# 2327# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время 2328# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 2329# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 2330# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 2331# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 2332# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 2333# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 2334# move clocks.) 2335# 2336# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 2337# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 2338# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 2339# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 2340# 2341# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2342# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 2343# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 2344# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 2345# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 2346# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 2347# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 2348# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 2349# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 2350# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 2351# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 2352# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 2353# time belt). 2354# 2355# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 2356# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 2357# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 2358# 2359# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2360# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 2361# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 2362# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 2363# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 2364# and the fifth time belts respectively. 2365# 2366# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2367# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 2368# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 2369# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 2370# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 2371# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 2372# result).... 2373# 2374# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2375# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 2376# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 2377# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 2378# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 2379# 2380# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2381# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 2382# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 2383# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 2384# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 2385# time belt. 2386# 2387# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 2388# 2389# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2390# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 2391# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 2392# replaces the previous five documents. 2393# 2394# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 2395# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 2396# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 2397# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 2398# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 2399# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 2400# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 2401# 2402# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2403# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 2404# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 2405# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 2406# 2407# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2408# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 2409# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 2410# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 2411# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 2412# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 2413# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 2414# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 2415# amended before implementation happened. 2416# 2417# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2418# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 2419# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 2420# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 2421# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 2422# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 2423# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 2424# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 2425# 2426# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 2427# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 2428# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 2429# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 2430# 2431# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2432# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 2433# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 2434# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 2435# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 2436# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 2437# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 2438# time. 2439# 2440# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 2441# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 2442# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 2443# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 2444 2445# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 2446# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 2447# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 2448# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 2449# according to wikipedia.) 2450# 2451# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 2452# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 2453# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 2454# how that could happen.... 2455# 2456# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 2457# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 2458# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 2459# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 2460 2461# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): 2462# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from 2463# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is 2464# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). 2465 2466# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2467# 2468# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 2469# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 2470# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 2471Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 2472 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2473 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2474 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2475 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2476 6:00 - +06 2477# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 2478Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2479 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2480 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2481 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2482 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2483 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2484 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2485 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2486 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2487 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2488 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00 2489 5:00 - +05 2490# 2491# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS) 2492# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2493# reorganization. 2494Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 2495 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2496 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2497 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2498 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2499 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2500 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2501 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2502 6:00 - +06 2503 2504# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 2505Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2506 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2507 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2508 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2509 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2510 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2511 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2512 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2513 5:00 - +05 2514# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 2515# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2516# so include timestamps before 1963. 2517Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2518 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2519 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2520 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2521 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2522 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2523 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2524 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2525 5:00 - +05 2526# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 2527# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2528Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2529 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2530 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2531 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2532 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2533 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2534 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2535 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2536 5:00 - +05 2537# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 2538# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2539# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2540Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2541 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2542 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2543 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2544 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2545 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2546 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2547 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2548 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2549 5:00 - +05 2550 2551# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2552# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2553 2554# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2555# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2556# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2557# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2558# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2559# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2560# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2561# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2562 2563# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2564Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2565Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2566Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2567Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2568# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2569Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2570 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2571 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2572 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2573 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 2574 6:00 - +06 2575 2576############################################################################### 2577 2578# Korea (North and South) 2579 2580# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2581# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2582# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2583# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2584# between 1987 and 1988 ... 2585 2586# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2587# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2588# According to the Korean Wikipedia 2589# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 2590# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2591# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2592# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2593# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2594# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2595# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2596 2597# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 2598# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end 2599# date in South Korea should be 2600# 1955-09-08 without specifying time 2601# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 2602# 1956-09-29 without specifying time 2603# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 2604# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock 2605# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 2606# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock 2607# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 2608# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock 2609# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 2610# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock 2611# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 2612# ... 2613# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says] 2614# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international 2615# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to 2616# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. 2617 2618 2619# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2620Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2621Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 2622Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2623Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S 2624Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2625Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2626Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2627Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S 2628Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2629Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S 2630Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2631Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S 2632Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2633Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2634 2635# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2636# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2637# 2638# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2639# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2640# (Announcement No. 338) 2641# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2642# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2643# 2644# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2645# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2646# 2647# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2648# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2649# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2650# 2651# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2652# have no information otherwise. 2653 2654# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2655# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2656# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2657# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2658# 2659# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2660# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2661# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2662# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2663# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2664# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2665 2666# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2667# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2668# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2669# 2670# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2671# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2672# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2673# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2674# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2675# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2676# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2677# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2678# 2679# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 2680# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 2681# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 2682 2683# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2684Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2685 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2686 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2687 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21 2688 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2689 9:00 ROK K%sT 2690Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2691 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2692 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2693 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2694 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 2695 9:00 - KST 2696 2697############################################################################### 2698 2699# Kuwait 2700# See Asia/Riyadh. 2701 2702# Laos 2703# See Asia/Bangkok. 2704 2705 2706# Lebanon 2707# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2708Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2709Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2710Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2711Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2712Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2713Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2714Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2715Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2716Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2717Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2718Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2719Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2720Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2721Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2722Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2723Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2724Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2725Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2726Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2727Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2728Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2729Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2730Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2731Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2732# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2733Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2734 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2735 2736# Malaysia 2737# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2738Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2739Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2740# 2741# peninsular Malaysia 2742# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2743# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2744# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2745Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2746 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2747 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2748 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2749 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2750 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2751 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2752 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2753 8:00 - +08 2754# Sabah & Sarawak 2755# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2756# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2757# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2758# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2759Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2760 7:30 - +0730 1933 2761 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2762 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2763 8:00 - +08 2764 2765# Maldives 2766# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2767Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 2768 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2769 5:00 - +05 2770 2771# Mongolia 2772 2773# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2774# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2775# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2776 2777# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2778# General Information Mongolia 2779# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2780# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2781# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2782# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2783# eight hours." 2784 2785# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2786# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2787# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2788# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2789# of implementation may have been different.... 2790# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2791# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2792# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2793 2794# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2795# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2796# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2797# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2798# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2799# is good enough for our purposes. 2800 2801# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2802# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2803# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2804# there are three time zones. 2805# 2806# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2807# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2808# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2809# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2810# 2811# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2812 2813# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2814# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2815# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2816# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2817# 2818# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2819# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2820# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2821 2822# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2823# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2824# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2825# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2826# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2827# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2828# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2829# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2830# He also found 2831# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2832# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2833# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2834# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2835# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2836# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2837# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2838# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2839 2840# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2841# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2842# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2843# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2844 2845# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2846# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2847# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2848# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2849# database on this, e.g.: 2850# 2851# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2852# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2853# 2854# both say GMT+08:00. 2855 2856# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2857# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2858# schedule here: 2859# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2860# (click the English flag for English) 2861# 2862# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2863# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2864# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2865# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2866# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2867# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2868 2869# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2870# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2871# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2872# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2873# this is almost surely wrong. 2874 2875# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2876# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2877# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2878# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2879# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2880# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2881 2882# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2883Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2884Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2885# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2886# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2887# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2888# 2889# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2890# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2891# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2892# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2893# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2894# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2895 2896# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2897# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2898# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2899 2900Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2901Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2902# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2903Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2904Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2905Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2906Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2907Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2908 2909# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2910# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2911Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2912 6:00 - +06 1978 2913 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2914# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2915Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2916 7:00 - +07 1978 2917 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2918# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2919# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2920Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2921 7:00 - +07 1978 2922 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2923 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2924 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2925 2926# Nepal 2927# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2928Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2929 5:30 - +0530 1986 2930 5:45 - +0545 2931 2932# Oman 2933# See Asia/Dubai. 2934 2935# Pakistan 2936 2937# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2938# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2939# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2940# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2941# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2942# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2943 2944# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2945# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2946# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2947# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2948# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2949# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2950# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2951# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2952# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2953# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2954# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2955 2956# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2957# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2958# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2959 2960# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2961# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2962# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2963# 2964# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2965# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2966# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2967# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2968# 2969# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2970# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2971 2972# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2973# 2974# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2975# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2976# 2977# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2978# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2979# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2980# 2981# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2982# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2983 2984# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2985# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2986 2987# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2988# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2989# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2990# instead of August 31. 2991# 2992# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2993# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2994 2995# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2996# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2997# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2998# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2999# official working." 3000# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 3001# 3002# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 3003# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 3004# 3005# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 3006# April 08, 2009 3007# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 3008# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 3009# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 3010# 3011# .... 3012# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 3013# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 3014# conserve energy" 3015 3016# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 3017# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 3018# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 3019# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 3020# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 3021# this regard." 3022# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 3023 3024# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 3025# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 3026# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 3027# October 1, 2009. 3028# 3029# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 3030# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 3031# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 3032# 3033# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 3034# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 3035# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 3036# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 3037# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 3038# Monday." 3039# 3040# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 3041# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 3042# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 3043# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 3044# 3045# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 3046# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 3047# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 3048 3049# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 3050# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 3051# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 3052 3053# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 3054# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 3055# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 3056# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 3057# > 3058# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 3059# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 3060# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 3061# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 3062# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 3063# 3064# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 3065# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 3066# 3067# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 3068# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 3069 3070# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3071Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3072Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3073Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3074Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3075Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3076 3077# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3078Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 3079 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 3080 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 3081 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 3082 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 3083 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 3084 3085# Palestine 3086 3087# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 3088# 3089# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 3090# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 3091# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 3092# 3093# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 3094# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 3095# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 3096# though. 3097# 3098# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 3099# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 3100# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 3101# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 3102# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 3103# East Jerusalem. 3104# 3105# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 3106# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 3107# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 3108# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 3109# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 3110# 3111# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 3112# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 3113# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 3114# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 3115# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 3116# Jordanian one). 3117# 3118# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 3119# 3120# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 3121# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 3122# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 3123# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 3124# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 3125# 3126# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 3127# have one). 3128 3129# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 3130# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 3131# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 3132# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 3133# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 3134# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 3135# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 3136# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 3137# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 3138# to Palestine's rules. 3139 3140# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 3141# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 3142# 3143# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 3144# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 3145# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 3146# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 3147 3148# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 3149# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 3150# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 3151# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 3152# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 3153# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 3154# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 3155# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 3156 3157# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 3158# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 3159 3160# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 3161# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 3162# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 3163# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 3164# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 3165 3166# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 3167# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 3168# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 3169# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 3170# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 3171# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 3172# the West Bank. 3173 3174# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 3175# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 3176# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 3177# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 3178# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 3179# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 3180# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 3181# because of the Ramadan. 3182 3183# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 3184# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 3185# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 3186 3187# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 3188# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 3189# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 3190# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 3191# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 3192# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 3193 3194# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 3195# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 3196# 3197# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 3198# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 3199# 3200# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 3201# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 3202# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 3203 3204# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 3205# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 3206# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 3207# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 3208# 3209# (in Arabic) 3210# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 3211# 3212# (English translation) 3213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 3214 3215# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 3216# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 3217# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 3218# 3219# One news source: 3220# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 3221# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 3222# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 3223# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 3224# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 3225# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 3226# 3227# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 3228# end date, we will keep this page updated: 3229# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 3230 3231# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 3232# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 3233# 3234# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 3235# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 3236# 3237# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 3238# (from Palestinian National Authority): 3239# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 3240# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 3241 3242# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 3243# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 3244# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 3245# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 3246# 3247# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 3248# (in Arabic) 3249# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 3250 3251# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 3252# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 3253# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 3254# noon though: 3255# 3256# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 3257# (Ma'an News Agency) 3258# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 3259# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 3260 3261# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 3262# According to several sources, including 3263# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 3264# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 3265# Gaza and the West Bank. 3266# Some more background info: 3267# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 3268 3269# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 3270# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 3271# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 3272# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 3273# Ramadan. 3274# 3275# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 3276# Additional info: 3277# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 3278 3279# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 3280# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 3281# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 3282# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 3283# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 3284# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 3285# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 3286# ... 3287# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 3288# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 3289# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 3290 3291# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 3292# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 3293# 00:00). 3294# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 3295# 3296# Many sources, including: 3297# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 3298 3299# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3300# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 3301# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 3302# Some of many sources in Arabic: 3303# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 3304# 3305# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 3306# 3307# Our brief summary: 3308# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 3309 3310# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 3311# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 3312# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 3313# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 3314# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 3315# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 3316 3317# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 3318# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 3319# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 3320# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 3321# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 3322# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 3323# official source...: 3324# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 3325 3326# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3327# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3328# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3329# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3330# 3331# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3332# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3333# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3334 3335# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3336# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3337# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3338# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3339# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3340 3341# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3342# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3343# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3344# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3345 3346# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 3347# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ... 3348# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3349 3350# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3351# http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3352# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 3353# 3354# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3355# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3356# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3357# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3358# 3359# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3360# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 3361 3362# From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18): 3363# Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ... 3364# 3365# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20): 3366# Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at 3367# midnight last year... 3368# https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006 3369# 3370# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20): 3371# The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms 3372# a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by 3373# delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday / 3374# Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019." 3375# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948 3376 3377# From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20): 3378# As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving 3379# shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes. 3380# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584 3381 3382# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20): 3383# Predict future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Saturday preceding October's 3384# last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24). This is consistent with our predictions since 3385# 2016, although the time of the change differed slightly in 2019. 3386 3387# From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20): 3388# The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00. 3389# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ 3390# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284 3391# The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00. 3392# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY 3393# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583 3394# 3395# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10): 3396# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are at 00:00 on the Saturday 3397# preceding March's last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24). 3398 3399# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3400Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3401Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3402Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3403Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3404Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3405Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3406 3407Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3408Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3409Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3410Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3411Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3412Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3413Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 3414Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3415Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3416Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 - 3417Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3418Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 3419Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 3420Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3421Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 3422Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3423Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 3424Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 3425Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 3426Rule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 - 3427Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3428Rule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 - 3429Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S 3430Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat>=24 1:00 0 - 3431Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S 3432Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat>=24 0:00 0 - 3433Rule Palestine 2020 max - Mar Sat>=24 0:00 1:00 S 3434Rule Palestine 2020 max - Oct Sat>=24 1:00 0 - 3435 3436# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3437Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 3438 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3439 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3440 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3441 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3442 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 3443 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 3444 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 3445 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 3446 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 3447 2:00 - EET 2012 3448 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3449 3450Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 3451 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3452 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3453 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3454 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3455 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3456 3457# Paracel Is 3458# no information 3459 3460# Philippines 3461 3462# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 3463# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. 3464# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from 3465# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. 3466# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 3467# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 3468# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 3469# History of the International Date Line 3470# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 3471# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 3472 3473# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 3474# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 3475# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 3476# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 3477# but no details] 3478 3479# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 3480# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 3481# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 3482# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 3483# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 3484# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 3485# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 3486 3487# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): 3488# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 3489# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 3490# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 3491# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 3492# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 3493# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 3494# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 3495# 3496# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 3497# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 3498# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 3499# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 3500# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 3501# so use "PDT", the usual American style. 3502 3503# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3504Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 3505Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 3506Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 3507Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 3508Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 3509Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 3510# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3511Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 3512 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 3513 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 3514 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 3515 8:00 Phil P%sT 3516 3517# Qatar 3518# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3519Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3520 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3521 3:00 - +03 3522Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 3523 3524# Saudi Arabia 3525# 3526# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 3527# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 3528# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 3529# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 3530# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 3531# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 3532# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 3533# o'clock for "Arab" time). 3534# 3535# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 3536# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 3537# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 3538# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 3539# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 3540# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 3541# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 3542# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 3543# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 3544# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 3545# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 3546# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 3547# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 3548# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 3549# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 3550# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3551# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. 3552# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. 3553# 3554# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3555# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3556# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3557# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3558# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3559# earlier date. 3560# 3561# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3562# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 3563# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 3564# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3565# 3566# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3567Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3568 3:00 - +03 3569Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 3570Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 3571 3572# Singapore 3573# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 3574# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 3575# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3576Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3577 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3578 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 3579 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 3580 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 3581 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 3582 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 3583 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 3584 8:00 - +08 3585 3586# Spratly Is 3587# no information 3588 3589# Sri Lanka 3590 3591# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3592# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3593# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3594# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3595# Shanks and Pottenger. 3596 3597# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3598# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3599# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3600# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3601# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3602# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3603# 3604# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3605# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3606# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3607# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3608# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3609 3610# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3611# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3612# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3613# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3614 3615# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3616# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3617# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3618# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3619# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3620# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3621# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3622# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3623 3624# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3625# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3626# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3627# standard time is SLST. 3628# 3629# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3630# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 3631# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3632# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3633# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3634# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3635# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3636# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3637# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3638 3639# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3640Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3641 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3642 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 3643 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 3644 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3645 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 3646 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3647 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3648 5:30 - +0530 3649 3650# Syria 3651# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3652Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3653Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3654Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3655Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3656Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3657Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3658Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3659Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3660Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3661Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3662Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3663Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3664Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3665Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3666Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3667Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3668Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3669Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3670Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3671Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3672Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3673Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3674Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3675Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3676Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3677Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3678Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3679Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3680# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3681# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3682# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3683# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3684# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3685# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3686Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3687Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3688Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3689Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3690# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3691# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3692# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3693Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3694# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3695# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3696# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3697Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3698# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 3699# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3700# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3701# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3702# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3703# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3704# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3705# 3706# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3707# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 3708# 3709# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3710# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3711# 3712# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3713# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3714# 3715# which using Google's translate tools says: 3716# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3717# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3718# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3719Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3720 3721# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3722# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3723# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3724# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3725# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3726# Variation 3727# Syrian Arab 3728# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3729# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3730# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3731 3732# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3733# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3734# Agency (SANA)... 3735# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3736# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3737# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3738# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3739# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3740# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3741 3742# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3743# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3744# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3745# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3746# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3747 3748# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3749# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3750# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3751# 3752# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3753# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3754# clocks back 60 minutes). 3755# 3756# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3757 3758# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3759# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3760# two examples: 3761# 3762# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3763# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3764# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3765# (Arabic, gov-site) 3766# 3767# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3768# 3769# Our summary 3770# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3771 3772# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3773# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3774# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3775# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3776# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3777 3778# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3779# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3780# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3781# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3782 3783# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3784# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3785# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3786# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3787# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3788 3789# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3790# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3791# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3792# 3793# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3794# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3795# 3796# Our brief summary: 3797# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3798 3799# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3800# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3801 3802Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3803Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3804Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3805Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3806Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3807Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3808 3809# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3810Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3811 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3812 3813# Tajikistan 3814# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3815# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3816Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3817 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3818 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3819 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3820 5:00 - +05 3821 3822# Thailand 3823# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3824Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3825 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3826 7:00 - +07 3827Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3828Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3829 3830# Turkmenistan 3831# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3832# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3833Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3834 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3835 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3836 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3837 5:00 - +05 3838 3839# United Arab Emirates 3840# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3841Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3842 4:00 - +04 3843Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3844 3845# Uzbekistan 3846# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3847# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3848Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3849 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3850 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3851 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3852 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3853 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3854 5:00 - +05 3855# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3856Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3857 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3858 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3859 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3860 5:00 - +05 3861 3862# Vietnam 3863 3864# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3865# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3866# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3867# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3868# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3869 3870# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3871# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3872# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3873 3874# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3875# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3876# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3877# is quoted verbatim in: 3878# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3879# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3880# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3881# and is the basis for the information below. 3882# 3883# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3884# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3885# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3886# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3887# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3888# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3889# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3890# 3891# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3892# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3893# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3894# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3895# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3896# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3897# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3898# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3899# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3900# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3901# 3902# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3903# 3904# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3905# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3906# 3907# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3908# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3909# 3910# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3911# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3912 3913# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3914Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3915 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3916 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3917 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3918 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3919 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3920 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3921 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3922 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3923 7:00 - +07 3924 3925# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19): 3926# 3927# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of 3928# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam 3929# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the 3930# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. 3931# 3932# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), 3933# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. 3934# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'. 3935 3936 3937# Yemen 3938# See Asia/Riyadh. 3939
