1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 36# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 37# Corrections are welcome! 38# std dst 39# LMT Local Mean Time 40# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 41# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 42# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 43# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 44# 4:00 GST Gulf* 45# 5:30 IST India 46# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 47# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 48# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 49# 8:00 CST China 50# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 51# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 52# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 53# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 54# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 55# 56# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 57 58# From Guy Harris: 59# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 60# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 61# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 62# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 63 64############################################################################### 65 66# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 67# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 69Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 70Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 71Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 72Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 73Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 74Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 78Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 79Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 80Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 81Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83 84# Afghanistan 85# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 86Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 87 4:00 - AFT 1945 88 4:30 - AFT 89 90# Armenia 91# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 92# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 93# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 94# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 95# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 96# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 97# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 98# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 99# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 100 101# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 102# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 103# follow Russia's "old" rules. 104 105# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 106# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 107# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 108# 109# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 110# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 111# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 112# or 113# (brief) 114# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 115# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 116Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 117 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 118 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 119 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 120 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 121 4:00 - AMT 1997 122 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 123 4:00 - AMT 124 125# Azerbaijan 126# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 127# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 128# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 131Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 134 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 135 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 136 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 137 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 138 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 139 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 140 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 141 142# Bahrain 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 145 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 146 3:00 - AST 147 148# Bangladesh 149# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 150# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 151# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 152# 153# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 154# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 155# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 156# </a> 157# or 158# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 159# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 160# </a> 161# 162# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 163# June 164# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 165# crippling power crisis. " 166# 167# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 168# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 169 170# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 171# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 172# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 173# 174# Some sources: 175# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 176# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 177# </a> 178# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 179# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 180# </a> 181# 182# Our wrap-up: 183# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 184# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 185# </a> 186 187# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 188# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 189# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 190# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 191# 192# No DST end date has been announced yet. 193 194# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 195# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 196# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 197# 198# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 199# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 200# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 201# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 202# </a> 203# or 204# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 205# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 206# </a> 207 208# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 209# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 210# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 211# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 212# "continue for an indefinite period." 213# 214# One of many places where it is published: 215# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 216# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 217# </a> 218 219# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 220# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 221# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 222# 223# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 224# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 225# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 226# </a> 227# and 228# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 229# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 230# </a> 231# 232# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 233# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 234# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 235# Minister's Office last night..." 236 237# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 238# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 239# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 240# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> 241# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 242# </a> 243# or 244# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> 245# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 246# </a> 247 248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 249Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 250Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 251 252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 254 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 255 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 256 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 257 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 258 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 259 6:00 - BDT 2009 260 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 261 262# Bhutan 263# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 265 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 266 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 267 268# British Indian Ocean Territory 269# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 270# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 271# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 272# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 273# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 274# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 275Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 276 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 277 6:00 - IOT 278 279# Brunei 280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 282 7:30 - BNT 1933 283 8:00 - BNT 284 285# Burma / Myanmar 286 287# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 288 289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 291 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 292 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 293 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 294 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 295 296# Cambodia 297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 299 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 300 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 301 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 302 7:00 - ICT 303 304# China 305 306# From Guy Harris: 307# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 308 309# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 310# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 311# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 312# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 313# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 314# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 315# 316# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 317# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 318# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 319# 320# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 321# 1987 mid-April - ?? 322 323# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 324# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 325# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 326 327# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 328# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 329# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 330# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 331# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 332# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 333# pre-1980 time zones. 334 335# From Shanks & Pottenger: 336# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 337Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 338Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 339Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 340Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 341Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 342Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 343 344# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 345# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 346# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 347# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 348# 349# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 350# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 351# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 352# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 353# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 354# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 355# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 356# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 357# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 358# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 359 360# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 361# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 362# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 363# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 364# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 365# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 366# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 367# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 368# 369# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 370# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 371# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 372# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 373# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 374# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 375# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 376# 377# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 378# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 379# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 380# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 381# Shanks & Pottenger. 382 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 385# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 386Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 387 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 388 8:00 - CST 1940 389 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 390 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 391 8:00 PRC C%sT 392# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 393# most of China 394# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest. 395Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928 396 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 397 8:00 PRC C%sT 398# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 399# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 400# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 401# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 402# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 403Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 404 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 405 8:00 PRC C%sT 406# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 407# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 408# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 409# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 410# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 411# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 412# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 413# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 414# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 415Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 416 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 417 8:00 PRC C%sT 418# Kunlun Time 419# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 420# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 421# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 422# and Yarkand. 423 424# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 425# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 426# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 427# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 428# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 429# they implicitly use Beijing time. 430# 431# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 432# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 433# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 434# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 435# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 436# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 437# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 438# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 439# 440# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 441# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 442# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 443# 444# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 445# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 446# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 447# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 448# others moving their clocks ahead.) 449# 450# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 451# 452# The first few lines of the Google translation of 453# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 454# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 455# </a> 456# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 457# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 458# > 500 million yuan 459# > 460# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 461# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 462# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 463# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 464 465# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 466# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 467# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 468# 469# 1. Wulumuqi... 470# 2. Kashi... 471# 3. Urumqi... 472# 4. Kashgar... 473# ... 474# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 475# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 476# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 477# 478# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 479# start date for Xinjiang time. 480# 481# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 482# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 483# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 484# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 485 486Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 487 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 488 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 489 8:00 PRC C%sT 490 491 492# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 493 494# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 495 496# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 497# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 498# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 499# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 500# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 501# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 502# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 503# obtained from 504# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 505# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 506# </a>. 507 508# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 509# Here are the dates given at 510# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 511# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 512# </a> 513# as of 2009-10-28: 514# Year Period 515# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 516# 1942 Whole year 517# 1943 Whole year 518# 1944 Whole year 519# 1945 Whole year 520# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 521# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 522# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 523# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 524# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 525# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 526# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 527# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 528# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 529# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 530# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 531# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 532# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 533# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 534# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 535# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 536# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 537# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 538# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 539# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 540# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 541# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 542# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 543# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 544# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 545# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 546# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 547# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 548# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 549# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 550# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 551# 1977 Nil 552# 1978 Nil 553# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 554# 1980 to Now Nil 555# The page does not give start or end times of day. 556# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 557# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 558# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 559# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 560# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 561 562# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 563Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 564Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 565Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 566Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 567Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 568Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 569Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 570Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 571Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 572Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 573Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 574Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 575Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 576Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 577Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 578Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 579Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 580Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 581Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 582# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 583Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 584 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 585 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 586 8:00 HK HK%sT 587 588############################################################################### 589 590# Taiwan 591 592# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 593# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 594# have any other information. 595 596# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 597# According to Taiwan's CWB, 598# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm"> 599# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 600# </a> 601# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 602 603# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07): 604# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page: 605# Decade Name Start and end date 606# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30 607# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31 608# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31 609# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 610# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30 611# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30 612# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time 613# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 614# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time 615# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30 616# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time 617 618# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 619Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 620Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 621Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 622Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 623Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 624Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 625Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 626Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 627Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 628Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 629Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 630 631# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 633 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 634 635# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 636# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 637Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 638Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 639Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 640Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 641Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 642Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 643Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 644Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 645Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 646Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 647Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 648Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 649Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 650Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 651# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 652Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 653 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 654 8:00 PRC C%sT 655 656 657############################################################################### 658 659# Cyprus 660# 661# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 662# 663# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 664Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 665Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 666Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 667Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 668Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 669Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 670Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 671Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 672Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 675 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 676 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 677# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 678 679# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 680# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 681Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 682 683# Georgia 684# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 685# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 686# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 687# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 688# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 689# 690# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 691# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 692# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 693# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 694# 695# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 696# 697# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 698# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 699# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 700# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 701# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 702# of integration into Europe. 703 704# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 705# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 706# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 707# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 708# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 709# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 710# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 711# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 712# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 713 714 715# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 716Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 717 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 718 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 719 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 720 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 721 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 722 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 723 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 724 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 725 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 726 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 727 4:00 - GET 728 729# East Timor 730 731# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 732 733# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 734# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 735# East Timor may be late for its millennium 736# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 737# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 738# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 739# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 740# conflicts with their way of life. 741 742# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 743# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 744# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 745 746# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 747# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 748# (2000-08-16)</a>: 749# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 750# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 751# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 752# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 753 754# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 755Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 756 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 757 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 758 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 759 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00 760 9:00 - TLT 761 762# India 763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 765 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 766 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 767 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 768 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 769 5:30 - IST 770# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 771# Andaman Is 772# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 773# Nicobar Is 774 775# Indonesia 776# 777# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 778# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 779# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 780# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 781# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 782# 783# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 784# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 785# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 786# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 787# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 788# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 789# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 790# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 791# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 792# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 793# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 794# switched on 1945-09-23. 795# 796# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 797# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 798# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 799# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 800# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 801# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 802# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 803# The abbreviations are: 804# 805# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 806# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 807# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 808# 809# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 810# Java, Sumatra 811Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 812# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 813# but this must be a typo. 814 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 815 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 816 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 817 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 818 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 819 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 820 7:30 - WIB 1964 821 7:00 - WIB 822# west and central Borneo 823Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 824 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 825 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 826 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 827 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 828 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 829 7:30 - WIB 1964 830 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 831 7:00 - WIB 832# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 833Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 834 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 835 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 836 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 837 8:00 - WITA 838# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 839Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 840 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 841 9:30 - CST 1964 842 9:00 - WIT 843 844# Iran 845 846# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 847# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 848# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 849# 850# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 851# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 852# 853# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 854# 855# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 856# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 857# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 858# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 859# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 860# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 861# 862# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 863# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 864# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 865# Shahrivar. 866# 867# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 868# 869# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 870# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 871# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 872# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 873# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 874# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 875# 876# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 877# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 878# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 879# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 880# plan to change that law.... 881# 882# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 883# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 884# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 885# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 886# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 887# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 888# 889# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 890# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 891# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 892# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 893# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 894# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 895# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 896# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 897# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 898# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 899# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 900# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 901# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 902# 903# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 904# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 905# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 906# 907# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 908# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 909# daylight saving time ... 910# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 911# 912# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 913# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 914# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 915# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 916# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 917# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 918# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 919# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 920# 921# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 922Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 923Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 924Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 925Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 926Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 927Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 928Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 929Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 930Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 931Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 932Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 933Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 934Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 935Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 936Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 937Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 938Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 939Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 940Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 941Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 942Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 943Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 944Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 945Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 946Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 947Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 948Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 949Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 950Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 951Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 952Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 953Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 954Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 955Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 956Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 957Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 958Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 959Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 960Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 961Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 962Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 963Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 964Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 965Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 966Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 967Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 968Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 969Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 970Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 971# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 972Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 973 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 974 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 975 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 976 3:30 Iran IR%sT 977 978 979# Iraq 980# 981# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 982# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 983# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 984# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 985# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 986# 987# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 988# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 989# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 990# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 991# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 992# 993# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 994 995# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 996# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 997# news sources (in Arabic): 998# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 999# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1000# </a> 1001# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 1002# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1003# </a> 1004# 1005# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1006# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 1007# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1008# </a> 1009 1010# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1011Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1012Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1013Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1014Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1015Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1016Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1017# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 1018# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1019# 1020Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1021Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1022# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1023Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1024 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1025 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1026 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1027 1028 1029############################################################################### 1030 1031# Israel 1032 1033# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1034# 1035# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1036# different abbreviations in use: 1037# 1038# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1039# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1040# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1041# 1042# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1043# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1044# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1045# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1046# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1047# settings in Israeli computers. 1048# 1049# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1050# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1051# family is from India). 1052 1053# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1054# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1055Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1056Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1057Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1058Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1059Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1060Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1061Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1062Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1063Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1064Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1065Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1066Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1067Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1068Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1069Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1070Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1071Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1072Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1073Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1074Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1075Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1076Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1077Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1078Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1079Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1080Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1081Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1082Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1083Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1084Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1085Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1086Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1087Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1088Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1089Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1090Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1091Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1092Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1093Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1094Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1095 1096# From Ephraim Silverberg 1097# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1098# and 2005-02-17): 1099 1100# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1101# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1102# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1103# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1104# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1105# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1106# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1107# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1108# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1109# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1110# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1111# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1112# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1113# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1114# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1115# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1116# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1117# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1118# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1119# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1120# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1121# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1122 1123# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1124Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1125Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1126Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1127Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1128Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1129Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1130Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1131Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1132Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1133Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1134 1135# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1136# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1137# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1138 1139# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1140Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1141Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1142Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1143Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1144 1145# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1146# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1147# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1148# 1149# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1150# 1151# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1152# 1153# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1154# 1155# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1156# 1157# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1158 1159# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1160Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1161Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1162Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1163Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1164Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1165Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1166Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1167Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1168 1169# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1170# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1171# years 2001-2004 as well. 1172# 1173# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1174# 1175# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1176# 1177# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1178# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1179# 1180# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1181 1182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1183Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1184Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1185Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1186Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1187Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1188Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1189Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1190Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1191Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1192Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1193 1194# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1195# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1196# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1197# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1198# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1199# 1200# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1201# 1202# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1203 1204# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1205# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1206# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1207# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1208# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1209# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1210# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1211# 1212# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1213# 1214# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1215# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1216# springtime transitions explicitly. 1217 1218# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1219Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1220Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1221Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1222Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1223Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1224Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1225Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1226Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1227Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1228Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1229Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1230Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1231 1232# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1233# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1234# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1235# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1236# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1237# 1238# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1239# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1240 1241# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1242Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1243Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1244 1245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1246Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1247 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1248 2:00 Zion I%sT 1249 1250 1251 1252############################################################################### 1253 1254# Japan 1255 1256# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1257 1258# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1259# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1260# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1261# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1262 1263# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1264# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1265# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1266# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1267# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1268# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1269# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1270# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1271# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1272# wanted to keep it.) 1273 1274# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1275# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1276# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1277Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1278Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1279Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1280Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1281# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1282# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1283# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1284# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1285 1286# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1287# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1288# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1289# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1290# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1291# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1292# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1293 1294# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1295# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1296# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1297# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1298# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1299# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1300# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1301# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1302# standard.... 1303# 1304# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1305# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1306 1307# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1308# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1309# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1310 1311# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1313 9:00 - JST 1896 1314 9:00 - CJT 1938 1315 9:00 Japan J%sT 1316# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1317 1318# Jordan 1319# 1320# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1321# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1322# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1323# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1324# all year round. 1325# 1326# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1327# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1328# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1329# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1330# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1331# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1332# 1333# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1334# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1335# 1336# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1337# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1338# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1339# 1340# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1341# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1342# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1343# 1344 1345# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1346# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1347# Jordan. 1348# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1349# saving 1350# time on the last Thursday in March. 1351# 1352# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1353# 1354# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1355# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1356# Please see 1357# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1358# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1359# </a> 1360 1361# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1362# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1363# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1364# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1365# </a> 1366# 1367# Google's translation: 1368# 1369# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1370# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1371# > of the month of March of each year. 1372# 1373# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1374 1375# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1376# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1377 1378# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1379# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1380# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1381# until about the same time next year (at least). 1382# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1383 1384# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1385# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1386# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1387# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1388# Official, in Arabic: 1389# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1390# ... Our background/permalink about it 1391# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1392# ... 1393# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1394# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1395# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1396 1397# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1398# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1399 1400# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1401Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1402Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1403Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1404Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1405Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1406Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1407Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1408Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1409Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1410Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1411Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1412Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1413Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1414Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1415Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1416Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1417Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1418Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1419Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1420Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1421Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1422Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1423Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1424Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1425Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1426Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1427Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1428Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1429Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1430Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1431Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1433Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1434 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1435 1436 1437# Kazakhstan 1438 1439# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1440# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1441# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1442# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1443# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1444# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1445 1446# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1447# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1448# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1449# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1450# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1451# 1452# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1453# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1454# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1455 1456# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1457# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1458# </a> 1459# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1460# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1461# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1462# 1463# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1464# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1465# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1466# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1467# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1468# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1469# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1470# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1471# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1472 1473# 1474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1475# 1476# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1477Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1478 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1479 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1480 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1481 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1482 6:00 - ALMT 1483# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1484Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1485 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1486 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1487 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1488 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1489 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1490 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1491 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1492 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1493 6:00 - QYZT 1494# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1495Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1496 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1497 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1498 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1499 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1500 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1501 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1502 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1503 5:00 - AQTT 1504# Mangghystau 1505# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1506# so include time stamps before 1963. 1507Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1508 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1509 5:00 - FORT 1963 1510 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1511 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1512 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1513 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1514 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1515 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1516 5:00 - AQTT 1517# West Kazakhstan 1518Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1519 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1520 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1521 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1522 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1523 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1524 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1525 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1526 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1527 5:00 - ORAT 1528 1529# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1530# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1531 1532# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1533# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1534# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1535# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1536# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1537# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1538# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1539# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1540 1541# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1542Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1543Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1544Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1545Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1547Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1548 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1549 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1550 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1551 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1552 6:00 - KGT 1553 1554############################################################################### 1555 1556# Korea (North and South) 1557 1558# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1559# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1560# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1561# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1562# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1563# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1564 1565# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1566# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1567Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1568Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1569Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1570Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1571 1572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1573Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1574 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1575 9:00 - KST 1928 1576 8:30 - KST 1932 1577 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1578 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1579 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1580 9:00 ROK K%sT 1581Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1582 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1583 9:00 - KST 1928 1584 8:30 - KST 1932 1585 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1586 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1587 9:00 - KST 1588 1589############################################################################### 1590 1591# Kuwait 1592# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1593# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1594# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1595# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1596# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1597# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1598# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1599# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1600# so for now we assume no DST. 1601Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1602 3:00 - AST 1603 1604# Laos 1605# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1606Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1607 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1608 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1609 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1610 7:00 - ICT 1611 1612# Lebanon 1613# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1614Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1615Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1616Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1617Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1618Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1619Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1620Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1621Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1622Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1623Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1624Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1625Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1626Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1627Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1628Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1629Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1630Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1631Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1632Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1633Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1634Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1635Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1636Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1637Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1638# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1639Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1640 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1641 1642# Malaysia 1643# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1644Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1645Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1646# 1647# peninsular Malaysia 1648# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1649# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1650# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1651Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1652 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1653 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1654 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1655 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1656 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1657 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1658 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1659 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1660# Sabah & Sarawak 1661# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1662# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1663# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1664# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1665Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1666 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1667 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1668 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1669 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1670 8:00 - MYT 1671 1672# Maldives 1673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1674Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1675 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1676 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1677 1678# Mongolia 1679 1680# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1681# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1682# both say that it has just one. 1683 1684# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1685# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1686# General Information Mongolia 1687# </a> (1999-09) 1688# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1689# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1690# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1691# eight hours." 1692 1693# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1694# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1695# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1696# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1697# of implementation may have been different.... 1698# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1699# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1700# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1701 1702# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1703# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1704# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1705# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1706# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1707# is good enough for our purposes. 1708 1709# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1710# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1711# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1712# there are three time zones. 1713# 1714# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1715# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1716# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1717# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1718# 1719# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1720 1721# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1722# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1723# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1724# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1725# 1726# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1727# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1728# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1729 1730# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1731# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1732# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1733# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1734# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1735# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1736# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1737# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1738# He also found 1739# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1740# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1741# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1742# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1743# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1744# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1745# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1746# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1747 1748# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1749# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1750# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1751# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1752 1753# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1754# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1755# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1756# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1757# database on this, e.g.: 1758# 1759# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1760# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1761# </a> 1762# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1763# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1764# </a> 1765# 1766# both say GMT+08:00. 1767 1768# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1769# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1770# schedule here: 1771# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1772# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1773# </a> 1774# (click the English flag for English) 1775# 1776# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1777# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1778# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1779# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1780# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1781# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1782 1783# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1784# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1785# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1786# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1787# this is almost surely wrong. 1788 1789# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1790Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1791Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1792# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1793# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1794# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1795# 1796# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1797# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1798# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1799# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1800# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1801# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1802 1803Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1804Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1805# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1806Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1807Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1808Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1809 1810# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1811# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1812Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1813 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1814 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1815# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1816Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1817 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1818 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1819# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1820# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1821Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1822 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1823 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1824 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1825 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1826 1827# Nepal 1828# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1829Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1830 5:30 - IST 1986 1831 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1832 1833# Oman 1834 1835# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1836 1837# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1838Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 1839 4:00 - GST 1840 1841# Pakistan 1842 1843# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1844# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1845# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1846# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1847# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1848# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1849 1850# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1851# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1852# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1853# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1854# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1855# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1856# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1857# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1858# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1859# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1860# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1861 1862# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1863# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1864# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1865 1866# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1867# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1868# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1869# 1870# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1871# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1872# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1873# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1874# 1875# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1876# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1877 1878# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1879# 1880# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1881# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1882# 1883# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1884# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1885# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1886# ...." 1887# 1888# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1889# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1890# </a> 1891# OR 1892# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1893# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1894# </a> 1895 1896# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1897# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1898 1899# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1900# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1901# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1902# instead of August 31. 1903# 1904# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1905# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1906# </a> 1907# OR 1908# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1909# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1910# </a> 1911 1912# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1913# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1914# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1915# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1916# official working." 1917# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1918# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1919# </a> 1920# 1921# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1922# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1923# 1924# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1925# April 08, 2009 1926# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1927# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1928# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1929# </a> 1930# 1931# or 1932# 1933# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1934# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1935# </a> 1936# 1937# .... 1938# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1939# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1940# conserve energy" 1941 1942# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1943# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1944# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1945# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1946# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1947# this regard." 1948# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1949# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1950# </a> 1951 1952# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1953# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1954# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1955# 1, 2009. 1956# 1957# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1958# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1959# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1960# </a> 1961# or 1962# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1963# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1964# </a> 1965 1966# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1967# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1968# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1969# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1970# > 1, 2009. 1971# 1972# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1973# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1974# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1975# </a> 1976# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1977# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1978# Monday." 1979# 1980# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1981# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1982# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1983# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1984# 1985# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1986# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1987# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1988# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1989# </a> 1990 1991# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1992# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1993# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1994 1995# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 1996# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 1997# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 1998# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 1999# > 2000# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2001# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2002# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2003# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2004# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2005# 2006# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2007# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041"> 2008# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2009# </a> 2010# 2011# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2012# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2"> 2013# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2014# </a> 2015 2016# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2017Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2018Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2019Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2020Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2021Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2022Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2023 2024# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2025Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2026 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2027 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2028 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2029 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2030 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2031 2032# Palestine 2033 2034# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2035# 2036# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2037# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2038# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2039# 2040# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2041# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2042# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2043# though. 2044# 2045# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2046# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2047# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2048# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2049# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2050# East Jerusalem. 2051# 2052# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2053# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2054# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2055# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2056# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2057# 2058# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2059# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2060# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2061# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2062# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2063# Jordanian one). 2064# 2065# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2066# 2067# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2068# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2069# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2070# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2071# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2072# 2073# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2074# have one). 2075 2076# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2077# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2078# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2079# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2080# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2081# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2082# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2083# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2084# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2085# to Palestine's rules. 2086 2087# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2088# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2089# 2090# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2091# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2092# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2093# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2094 2095# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2096# Daoud Kuttab writes in 2097# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 2098# Holiday havoc 2099# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2100# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2101# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2102# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2103# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2104 2105# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2106# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2107 2108# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2109# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2110# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2111# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2112# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2113 2114# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2115# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2116# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2117# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2118# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2119# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2120# the West Bank. 2121 2122# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2123# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2124# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2125# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2126# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2127# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2128# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2129# because of the Ramadan. 2130 2131# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2132# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2133# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2134 2135# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2136# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2137# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2138# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2139# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2140# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2141 2142# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2143# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2144# 2145# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2146# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2147# 2148# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2149# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2150# </a> 2151# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2152# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2153# </a> 2154# or 2155# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2156# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2157# </a> 2158 2159# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2160# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2161# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2162# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2163# 2164# (in Arabic) 2165# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2166# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2167# </a> 2168# 2169# or 2170# (English translation) 2171# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2172# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2173# </a> 2174 2175# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2176# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2177# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2178# 2179# One news source: 2180# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2181# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2182# </a> 2183# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2184# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2185# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2186# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2187# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2188# 2189# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2190# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2191# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2192# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2193# </a> 2194 2195# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2196# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2197# 2198# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2199# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2200# 2201# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2202# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2203# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2204# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2205# </a> 2206# or 2207# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2208# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2209# </a> 2210 2211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2212# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2213# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2214# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2215# 2216# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> 2217# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2218# </a> 2219# (in Arabic) 2220# or 2221# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> 2222# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2223# </a> 2224 2225# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2226# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2227# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2228# noon though: 2229# 2230# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> 2231# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2232# </a> 2233# (Ma'an News Agency) 2234# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2235# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2236 2237# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2238# According to several sources, including 2239# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795"> 2240# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2241# </a> 2242# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2243# Gaza and the West Bank. 2244# Some more background info: 2245# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html"> 2246# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2247# </a> 2248 2249# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2250# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2251# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2252# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2253# Ramadan. 2254# 2255# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217"> 2256# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2257# </a> 2258# Additional info: 2259# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html"> 2260# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2261# </a> 2262 2263# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2264# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2265# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2266# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2267# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2268# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2269# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2270# ... 2271# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650"> 2272# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2273# </a> 2274# or 2275# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html"> 2276# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2277# </a> 2278# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2279 2280# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2281# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2282# 00:00). 2283# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2284# 2285# Many sources, including: 2286# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808"> 2287# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2288# </a> 2289 2290# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2291# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2292# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2293# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2294# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638"> 2295# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2296# </a> 2297# 2298# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html"> 2299# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2300# </a> 2301# 2302# Our brief summary: 2303# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html"> 2304# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2305# </a> 2306 2307# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2308# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2309# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2310# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2311# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2312# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2313 2314# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2315# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2316# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2317# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2318# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2319# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2320# official source...: 2321# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2322 2323# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24): 2324# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through 2325# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2326# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs, 2327# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively: 2328# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702 2329# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364 2330 2331# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2332Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2333Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2334Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2335Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2336Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2337Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2338 2339Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2340Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2341Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2342Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2343Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2344Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2345Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2346Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2347Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2348Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2349Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2350Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2351Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2352Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2353Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2354Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2355Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2356Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2357Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2358 2359# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2360Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2361 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2362 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2363 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2364 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2365 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2366 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2367 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2368 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2369 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2370 2:00 - EET 2012 2371 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2372 2373Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2374 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2375 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2376 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2377 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2378 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2379 2380# Paracel Is 2381# no information 2382 2383# Philippines 2384# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2385# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2386# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2387# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2388# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2389 2390# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2391# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2392# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2393# rainy season begins. See 2394# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2395# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2396# 2397# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2398# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2399# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2400# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2401# but no details] 2402 2403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2404Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2405Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2406Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2407Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2408Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2409Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2411Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2412 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2413 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2414 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2415 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2416 2417# Qatar 2418# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2419Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2420 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2421 3:00 - AST 2422 2423# Saudi Arabia 2424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2425Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2426 3:00 - AST 2427 2428# Singapore 2429# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2430# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2432Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2433 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2434 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2435 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2436 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2437 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2438 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2439 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2440 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2441 8:00 - SGT 2442 2443# Spratly Is 2444# no information 2445 2446# Sri Lanka 2447 2448# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2449# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2450# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2451# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2452# Shanks and Pottenger. 2453 2454# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2455# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2456# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2457# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2458# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2459# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2460# 2461# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2462# by Shamindra in 2463# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2464# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2465# </a>: 2466# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2467# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2468 2469# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2470# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2471# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2472# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2473 2474# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2475# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2476# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2477# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2478# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2479# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2480# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2481# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2482 2483# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2484# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2485# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2486# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2487# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2488# 2489# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2490# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2491# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2492# 2493# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2494# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2495# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2496# item.... 2497# 2498# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2499# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2500# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2501# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2502# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2503# 2504# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2505# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2506# all computers. 2507 2508# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2509# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2510# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2511 2512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2513Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2514 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2515 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2516 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2517 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2518 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2519 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2520 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2521 5:30 - IST 2522 2523# Syria 2524# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2525Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2526Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2527Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2528Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2529Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2530Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2531Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2532Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2533Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2534Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2535Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2536Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2537Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2538Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2539Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2540Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2541Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2542Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2543Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2544Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2545Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2546Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2547Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2548Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2549Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2550Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2551Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2552Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2553# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2554# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2555# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2556# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2557# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2558# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2559Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2560Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2561Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2562Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2563# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2564# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2565# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2566Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2567# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2568# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2569# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2570Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2571# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2572# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2573# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2574# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2575# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2576# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2577# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2578# 2579# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2580# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2581# 2582# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2583# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2584# 2585# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2586# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2587# 2588# which using Google's translate tools says: 2589# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2590# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2591# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2592Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2593 2594# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2595# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2596# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2597# are now using: 2598# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2599# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2600# Variation 2601# Syrian Arab 2602# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2603# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2604# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2605 2606# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2607# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2608# Agency (SANA)... 2609# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2610# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2611# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2612# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2613# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2614# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2615# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2616 2617# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2618# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2619# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2620# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2621# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2622 2623# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2624# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2625# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2626# 2627# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2628# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2629# clocks back 60 minutes). 2630# 2631# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2632# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2633# </a> 2634 2635# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2636# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2637# two examples: 2638# 2639# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2640# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2641# </a> 2642# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2643# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2644# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2645# </a> 2646# (Arabic, gov-site) 2647# 2648# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2649# 2650# Our summary 2651# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2652# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2653# </a> 2654 2655# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2656# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2657# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2658# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2659# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2660# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2661# </a> 2662 2663# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2664# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2665# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2666# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2667 2668# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2669# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2670# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2671# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2672# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421"> 2673# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2674# </a> 2675 2676# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2677# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2678# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2679# 2680# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2681# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm"> 2682# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2683# </a> 2684# 2685# Our brief summary: 2686# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html"> 2687# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2688# </a> 2689 2690# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2691# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2692 2693Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2694Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2695Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2696Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2697Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2698Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2699 2700# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2701Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2702 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2703 2704# Tajikistan 2705# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2706# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2707Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2708 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2709 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2710 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2711 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2712 2713# Thailand 2714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2715Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2716 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2717 7:00 - ICT 2718 2719# Turkmenistan 2720# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2721# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2722Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2723 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2724 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2725 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2726 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2727 5:00 - TMT 2728 2729# United Arab Emirates 2730# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2731Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2732 4:00 - GST 2733 2734# Uzbekistan 2735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2736Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2737 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2738 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2739 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2740 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2741 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2742 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2743 5:00 - UZT 2744Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2745 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2746 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2747 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2748 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2749 5:00 - UZT 2750 2751# Vietnam 2752 2753# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2754# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2755# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2756# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2757# and Pottenger. 2758 2759# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2760# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2761# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2762 2763# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2764# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2765Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2766 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2767 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2768 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2769 7:00 - ICT 2770 2771# Yemen 2772 2773# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2774# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2775 2776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2777Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 2778 3:00 - AST 2779