1# <pre> 2# @(#)antarctica 8.8 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 7# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 8# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 9# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 10# </a> 11# and 12# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 13# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 14# </a> 15# for information. 16# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 17# 18# Except for the French entries, 19# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 20# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 21 22# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 23# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 26Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 27Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 29Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 30Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 31Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 32Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 33 34# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 37Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 38Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 39Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 40Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 41Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 42Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 43Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 46Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 48Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 49Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 51Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 53Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 54Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 55Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 56Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 57Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 59 60# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 61Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 62Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 63Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 64Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 65Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 66Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 67Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 68Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 70Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 72Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 75Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 76Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 77Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 78Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 79Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 80Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 86Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87 88# Argentina - year-round bases 89# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 90# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 91# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 92# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 93# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 94# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 95# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 96 97# Australia - territories 98# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 99# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 100# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 101# Margaret Turner reports 102# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 103# presumably this is when they have visitors. 104# 105# year-round bases 106# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 107# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 108# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 109# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 110 111# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 112# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 113# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 114# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 115# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 116# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 117# 118# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 119# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 120# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 121# </a> 122# 123# We have more background information here: 124# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 125# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 126# </a> 127 128# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 129# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 130# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 131# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 132# on 4 April. 133# 134# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 135# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 136# has not been decided yet. 137# 138# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 139# 20:00 UTC. 140# 141# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 142# 143# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 144# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 145# 146# Background: 147# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 148# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 149# </a> 150 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 153 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 154 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 155 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 156 # Casey Time 157 8:00 - WST 158Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 159 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 160 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 161 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 162 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 163 7:00 - DAVT 164Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 165 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 166 # Mawson Time 167 5:00 - MAWT 168Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 169 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 170 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 171 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 172 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 173 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 174# References: 175# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 176# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 177# </a> 178# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 179# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 180# </a> 181# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 182# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 183# </a> 184 185# Brazil - year-round base 186# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 187 188# Chile - year-round bases and towns 189# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 190# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 191# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 192# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 193# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 194# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 195 196# China - year-round bases 197# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 198# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 199 200# France - year-round bases 201# 202# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 203# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 204# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 205# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 206# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 207# from Tasmania. 208# 209# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 210# 211# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 212# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 213# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 214# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 215# 216# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 217# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 218# 219# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 220Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 221 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 222# 223# year-round base in the main continent 224# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 225# 226# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 227# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 228# 229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 230Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 231 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 232 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 233 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 234# Reference: 235# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 236# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 237# </a> 238 239# Germany - year-round base 240# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 241 242# India - year-round base 243# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 244 245# Japan - year-round bases 246# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 247# Syowa, -690022+0393524 248# 249# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 250# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 251# 252# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 253# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 254# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 257 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 258# See: 259# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 260# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 261# </a> 262 263# S Korea - year-round base 264# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 265 266# New Zealand - claims 267# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 268# Scott Island (never inhabited) 269# 270# year-round base 271# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 272# 273# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 274# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 275Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 276Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 277Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 278Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 279Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 280Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 281Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 282Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 283Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 284 285# Norway - territories 286# Bouvet (never inhabited) 287# 288# claims 289# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 290 291# Poland - year-round base 292# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 293 294# Russia - year-round bases 295# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 296# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 297# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 298# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 299# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 300# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 301 302# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 303# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 304# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 305# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 306# time as Moscow, Russia. 307# 308# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 309# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 310# what they had to say about time there: 311# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 312# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 313# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 314# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 315# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 316# 317# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 318# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 319# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 320# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 321# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 322# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 323# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 324# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 325# 326Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 327 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 328 329# S Africa - year-round bases 330# Marion Island, -4653+03752 331# Sanae, -7141-00250 332 333# UK 334# 335# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 336# South Orkney Islands 337# scientific station from 1903 338# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 339# South Shetland Islands 340# 341# year-round bases 342# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 343# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 344# scientific station 1943/1967, 345# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 346# and a garrison was deployed briefly 347# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 348# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 349# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 350# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 351# 352# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 353# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 354# 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 357 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 358 359# Uruguay - year round base 360# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 361 362# USA - year-round bases 363# 364# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 365# 366# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 367# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 368# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 369# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 370# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 371# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 372# 373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 375 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 376 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 377 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 378# 379# 380# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 381# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 383 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 384# 385# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 386# 387# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 388# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 389# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 390# 391# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 392# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 393# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 394# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 395# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 396# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 397# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 398# 399# From Susan Smith 400# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 401# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 402# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 403# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 404# One last quirk about South Pole time. 405# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 406# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 407# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 408# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 409# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 410# 411Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 412