1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 6# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 7# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 8# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 9# </a> 10# and 11# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 12# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 13# </a> 14# for information. 15# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 16# 17# Except for the French entries, 18# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 19# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 20 21# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 22# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 24Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 26Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 27Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 28Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 29Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 30Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 31Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 32Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 33Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 34Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 35Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 36Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 37Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 38Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 39Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 40Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 41Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 42Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 43Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 46# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, 47# which is used below in specifying the transition. 48Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 49Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - 51Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S 53Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - 54Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S 55Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 56Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 57 58# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 59Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 60Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 61Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 62Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 63Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 64Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 65Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 66Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 70Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 71Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 75Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 76Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 77Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 78Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 79Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 80Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 83Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 84Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85 86# Argentina - year-round bases 87# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 88# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 89# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 90# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 91# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 92# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 93# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 94 95# Australia - territories 96# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 97# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 98# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 99# Margaret Turner reports 100# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 101# presumably this is when they have visitors. 102# 103# year-round bases 104# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 105# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 106# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 107# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 108 109# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 110# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 111# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 112# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 113# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 114# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 115# 116# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 117# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 118# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 119# </a> 120# 121# We have more background information here: 122# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 123# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 124# </a> 125 126# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 127# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 128# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 129# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 130# on 4 April. 131# 132# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 133# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 134# has not been decided yet. 135# 136# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 137# 20:00 UTC. 138# 139# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 140# 141# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 142# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 143# 144# Background: 145# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 146# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 147# </a> 148 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 151 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 152 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 153 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 154 # Casey Time 155 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 156 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 157 8:00 - WST 158Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 159 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 160 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 161 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 162 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 163 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 164 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 165 7:00 - DAVT 166Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 167 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 168 # Mawson Time 169 5:00 - MAWT 170Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 171 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 172 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 173 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 174 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 175 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 176# References: 177# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 178# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 179# </a> 180# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 181# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 182# </a> 183# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 184# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 185# </a> 186 187# Brazil - year-round base 188# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 189 190# Chile - year-round bases and towns 191# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 192# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 193# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 194# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 195# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 196# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 197 198# China - year-round bases 199# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 200# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 201 202# France - year-round bases 203# 204# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 205# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 206# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 207# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 208# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 209# from Tasmania. 210# 211# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 212# 213# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 214# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 215# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 216# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 217# 218# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 219# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 220# 221# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 222Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 223 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 224# 225# year-round base in the main continent 226# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 227# 228# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 229# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 230# 231# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 232Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 233 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 234 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 235 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 236# Reference: 237# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 238# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 239# </a> 240 241# Germany - year-round base 242# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 243 244# India - year-round base 245# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 246 247# Japan - year-round bases 248# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 249# Syowa, -690022+0393524 250# 251# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 252# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 253# 254# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 255# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 256# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 257# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 259 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 260# See: 261# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 262# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 263# </a> 264 265# S Korea - year-round base 266# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 267 268# New Zealand - claims 269# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 270# Scott Island (never inhabited) 271# 272# year-round base 273# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 274# 275# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 276# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 277Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 278Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 279Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 280Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 281Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 282Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 283Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 284Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 285Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 286 287# Norway - territories 288# Bouvet (never inhabited) 289# 290# claims 291# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 292 293# Poland - year-round base 294# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 295 296# Russia - year-round bases 297# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 298# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 299# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 300# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 301# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 302# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 303 304# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 305# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 306# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 307# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 308# time as Moscow, Russia. 309# 310# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 311# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 312# what they had to say about time there: 313# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 314# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 315# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 316# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 317# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 318# 319# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 320# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 321# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 322# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 323# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 324# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 325# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 326# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 327# 328Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 329 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 330 331# S Africa - year-round bases 332# Marion Island, -4653+03752 333# Sanae, -7141-00250 334 335# UK 336# 337# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 338# South Orkney Islands 339# scientific station from 1903 340# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 341# South Shetland Islands 342# 343# year-round bases 344# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 345# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 346# scientific station 1943/1967, 347# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 348# and a garrison was deployed briefly 349# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 350# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 351# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 352# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 353# 354# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 355# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 356# 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 359 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 360 361# Uruguay - year round base 362# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 363 364# USA - year-round bases 365# 366# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 367# 368# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 369# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 370# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 371# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 372# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 373# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 374# 375# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 376Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 377 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 378 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 379 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 380# 381# 382# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 385 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 386# 387# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 388# 389# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 390# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 391# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 392# 393# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 394# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 395# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 396# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 397# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 398# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 399# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 400# 401# From Susan Smith 402# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 403# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 404# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 405# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 406# One last quirk about South Pole time. 407# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 408# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 409# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 410# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 411# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 412# 413Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 414