1----- Calendrical issues ----- 2 3As mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of 4scope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run 5into if we extended tzdb further into the past. The following 6information and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion. 7They sometimes disagree. 8 9 10France 11 12Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. 13French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, 14and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. 15 16 17Russia 18 19From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02): 20On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar" 21with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. 22On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the 23Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it 24reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days 25off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. 26(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) 27 28 29Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited 30by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377. But: 31 32From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet) 33Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT 34... 35 36If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were 37still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar? 38 39I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by 40Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the 41Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like. 42 43 44 45Sweden (and Finland) 46 47From: Mark Brader 48Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale? 49<news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> 50Date: 1996-07-06 51 52In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden 53decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of 54those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap 55year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar 56different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. 57 58However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; 59they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 60they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that 61year!... 62 63Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, 64getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. 65 66(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers 67produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia" 68by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och 69kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968). 70 71 72Grotefend's data 73 74From: "Michael Palmer" [with two obvious typos fixed] 75Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question 76Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german 77Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 78... 79 80The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of 81European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the 82Gregorian calendar: 83 8404/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman 85 Catholics and Danzig only) 8609/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine 87 8821 Dec 1582/ 89 01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau 9010/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich) 9113/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg 9204/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier 9305/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg, 94 Salzburg, Brixen 9513/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsaß and Breisgau 9620/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel 9702/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg 9802/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln 9904/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg 10011/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz 10116/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden 10217/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve 10314/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark 104 10506/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia 10611/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn 10712/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz 10822 Jan/ 109 02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587) 110 Jun 1584 - Unterwalden 11101/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen 112 11316/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn 114 11514/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania 116 11722 Aug/ 118 02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia 119 12013/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg 121 122 1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in 123 1796) 124 125 1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück 126 127 1630 - bishopric of Minden 128 12915/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim 130 131 1655 - Kanton Wallis 132 13305/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg 134 13518 Feb/ 136 01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in 137 Germany), Denmark, Norway 13830 Jun/ 139 12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen 14010 Nov/ 141 12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel 142 14331 Dec 1700/ 144 12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva, 145 Thurgau, and Schaffhausen 146 147 1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen 148 14901 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence 150 15102/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain 152 15317 Feb/ 154 01 Mar 1753 - Sweden 155 1561760-1812 - Graubünden 157 158The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not 159convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. 160 161Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen 162Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend 163(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. 164 165----- 166 167This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by 168Arthur David Olson. 169 170----- 171Local Variables: 172coding: utf-8 173End: 174