xref: /freebsd/contrib/tcpdump/tcpdump.c (revision 6bfca4dcab07dad45a805879d954876b353c0810)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
7  * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
8  * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
9  * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
10  * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
11  * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
12  * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
13  * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
14  * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
15  * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
16  * written permission.
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
18  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
20  *
21  * Support for splitting captures into multiple files with a maximum
22  * file size:
23  *
24  * Copyright (c) 2001
25  *	Seth Webster <swebster@sst.ll.mit.edu>
26  */
27 
28 /*
29  * tcpdump - dump traffic on a network
30  *
31  * First written in 1987 by Van Jacobson, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
32  * Mercilessly hacked and occasionally improved since then via the
33  * combined efforts of Van, Steve McCanne and Craig Leres of LBL.
34  */
35 
36 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
37 #include <config.h>
38 #endif
39 
40 /*
41  * Some older versions of Mac OS X may ship pcap.h from libpcap 0.6 with a
42  * libpcap based on 0.8.  That means it has pcap_findalldevs() but the
43  * header doesn't define pcap_if_t, meaning that we can't actually *use*
44  * pcap_findalldevs().
45  */
46 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
47 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_IF_T
48 #undef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
49 #endif
50 #endif
51 
52 #include "netdissect-stdinc.h"
53 
54 /*
55  * This must appear after including netdissect-stdinc.h, so that _U_ is
56  * defined.
57  */
58 #ifndef lint
59 static const char copyright[] _U_ =
60     "@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000\n\
61 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
62 #endif
63 
64 #include <sys/stat.h>
65 
66 #ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
67 #include <fcntl.h>
68 #endif
69 
70 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
71 #include <openssl/crypto.h>
72 #endif
73 
74 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
75 #include <getopt.h>
76 #else
77 #include "missing/getopt_long.h"
78 #endif
79 /* Capsicum-specific code requires macros from <net/bpf.h>, which will fail
80  * to compile if <pcap.h> has already been included; including the headers
81  * in the opposite order works fine. For the most part anyway, because in
82  * FreeBSD <pcap/pcap.h> declares bpf_dump() instead of <net/bpf.h>. Thus
83  * interface.h takes care of it later to avoid a compiler warning.
84  */
85 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
86 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
87 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
88 #include <net/bpf.h>
89 #include <libgen.h>
90 #ifdef HAVE_CASPER
91 #include <libcasper.h>
92 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
93 #include <sys/nv.h>
94 #endif	/* HAVE_CASPER */
95 #endif	/* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
96 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_OPEN
97 /*
98  * We found pcap_open() in the capture library, so we'll be using
99  * the remote capture APIs; define PCAP_REMOTE before we include pcap.h,
100  * so we get those APIs declared, and the types and #defines that they
101  * use defined.
102  *
103  * WinPcap's headers require that PCAP_REMOTE be defined in order to get
104  * remote-capture APIs declared and types and #defines that they use
105  * defined.
106  *
107  * (Versions of libpcap with those APIs, and thus Npcap, which is based on
108  * those versions of libpcap, don't require it.)
109  */
110 #define HAVE_REMOTE
111 #endif
112 #include <pcap.h>
113 #include <signal.h>
114 #include <stdio.h>
115 #include <stdarg.h>
116 #include <stdlib.h>
117 #include <string.h>
118 #include <limits.h>
119 #ifdef _WIN32
120 #include <windows.h>
121 #else
122 #include <sys/time.h>
123 #include <sys/wait.h>
124 #include <sys/resource.h>
125 #include <pwd.h>
126 #include <grp.h>
127 #endif /* _WIN32 */
128 
129 /*
130  * Pathname separator.
131  * Use this in pathnames, but do *not* use it in URLs.
132  */
133 #ifdef _WIN32
134 #define PATH_SEPARATOR	'\\'
135 #else
136 #define PATH_SEPARATOR	'/'
137 #endif
138 
139 /* capabilities convenience library */
140 /* If a code depends on HAVE_LIBCAP_NG, it depends also on HAVE_CAP_NG_H.
141  * If HAVE_CAP_NG_H is not defined, undefine HAVE_LIBCAP_NG.
142  * Thus, the later tests are done only on HAVE_LIBCAP_NG.
143  */
144 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
145 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_NG_H
146 #include <cap-ng.h>
147 #else
148 #undef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
149 #endif /* HAVE_CAP_NG_H */
150 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
151 
152 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
153 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
154 #endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
155 
156 #include "netdissect-stdinc.h"
157 #include "netdissect.h"
158 #include "interface.h"
159 #include "addrtoname.h"
160 #include "machdep.h"
161 #include "pcap-missing.h"
162 #include "ascii_strcasecmp.h"
163 
164 #include "print.h"
165 
166 #include "diag-control.h"
167 
168 #include "fptype.h"
169 
170 #ifndef PATH_MAX
171 #define PATH_MAX 1024
172 #endif
173 
174 #if defined(SIGINFO)
175 #define SIGNAL_REQ_INFO SIGINFO
176 #elif defined(SIGUSR1)
177 #define SIGNAL_REQ_INFO SIGUSR1
178 #endif
179 
180 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH) && defined(SIGUSR2)
181 #define SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP SIGUSR2
182 #endif
183 
184 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
185 static int Bflag;			/* buffer size */
186 #endif
187 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FTELL64
188 static int64_t Cflag;			/* rotate dump files after this many bytes */
189 #else
190 static long Cflag;			/* rotate dump files after this many bytes */
191 #endif
192 static int Cflag_count;			/* Keep track of which file number we're writing */
193 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
194 static int Dflag;			/* list available devices and exit */
195 #endif
196 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
197 static char *remote_interfaces_source;	/* list available devices from this source and exit */
198 #endif
199 
200 /*
201  * This is exported because, in some versions of libpcap, if libpcap
202  * is built with optimizer debugging code (which is *NOT* the default
203  * configuration!), the library *imports*(!) a variable named dflag,
204  * under the expectation that tcpdump is exporting it, to govern
205  * how much debugging information to print when optimizing
206  * the generated BPF code.
207  *
208  * This is a horrible hack; newer versions of libpcap don't import
209  * dflag but, instead, *if* built with optimizer debugging code,
210  * *export* a routine to set that flag.
211  */
212 extern int dflag;
213 int dflag;				/* print filter code */
214 static int Gflag;			/* rotate dump files after this many seconds */
215 static int Gflag_count;			/* number of files created with Gflag rotation */
216 static time_t Gflag_time;		/* The last time_t the dump file was rotated. */
217 static int Lflag;			/* list available data link types and exit */
218 static int Iflag;			/* rfmon (monitor) mode */
219 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
220 static int Jflag;			/* list available time stamp types */
221 static int jflag = -1;			/* packet time stamp source */
222 #endif
223 static int lflag;			/* line-buffered output */
224 static int pflag;			/* don't go promiscuous */
225 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
226 static int Qflag = -1;			/* restrict captured packet by send/receive direction */
227 #endif
228 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
229 static int Uflag;			/* "unbuffered" output of dump files */
230 #endif
231 static int Wflag;			/* recycle output files after this number of files */
232 static int WflagChars;
233 static char *zflag = NULL;		/* compress each savefile using a specified command (like gzip or bzip2) */
234 static int timeout = 1000;		/* default timeout = 1000 ms = 1 s */
235 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
236 static int immediate_mode;
237 #endif
238 static int count_mode;
239 
240 static int infodelay;
241 static int infoprint;
242 
243 char *program_name;
244 
245 /*
246  * #ifdef HAVE_CASPER
247  * cap_channel_t *capdns;
248  * #endif
249  */
250 
251 /* Forwards */
252 static NORETURN void error(FORMAT_STRING(const char *), ...) PRINTFLIKE(1, 2);
253 static void warning(FORMAT_STRING(const char *), ...) PRINTFLIKE(1, 2);
254 static NORETURN void exit_tcpdump(int);
255 static void (*setsignal (int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int);
256 static void cleanup(int);
257 static void child_cleanup(int);
258 static void print_version(FILE *);
259 static void print_usage(FILE *);
260 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
261 static NORETURN void show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pcap_t *, const char *device);
262 #endif
263 static NORETURN void show_dlts_and_exit(pcap_t *, const char *device);
264 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
265 static NORETURN void show_devices_and_exit(void);
266 #endif
267 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
268 static NORETURN void show_remote_devices_and_exit(void);
269 #endif
270 
271 static void print_packet(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
272 static void dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
273 static void dump_packet(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
274 static void droproot(const char *, const char *);
275 
276 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
277 static void requestinfo(int);
278 #endif
279 
280 #ifdef SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP
281 static void flushpcap(int);
282 #endif
283 
284 #ifdef _WIN32
285     static HANDLE timer_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
286     static void CALLBACK verbose_stats_dump(PVOID param, BOOLEAN timer_fired);
287 #else /* _WIN32 */
288   static void verbose_stats_dump(int sig);
289 #endif /* _WIN32 */
290 
291 static void info(int);
292 static u_int packets_captured;
293 
294 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
295 static const struct tok status_flags[] = {
296 #ifdef PCAP_IF_UP
297 	{ PCAP_IF_UP,       "Up"       },
298 #endif
299 #ifdef PCAP_IF_RUNNING
300 	{ PCAP_IF_RUNNING,  "Running"  },
301 #endif
302 	{ PCAP_IF_LOOPBACK, "Loopback" },
303 #ifdef PCAP_IF_WIRELESS
304 	{ PCAP_IF_WIRELESS, "Wireless" },
305 #endif
306 	{ 0, NULL }
307 };
308 #endif
309 
310 static pcap_t *pd;
311 static pcap_dumper_t *pdd = NULL;
312 
313 static int supports_monitor_mode;
314 
315 extern int optind;
316 extern int opterr;
317 extern char *optarg;
318 
319 struct dump_info {
320 	char	*WFileName;
321 	char	*CurrentFileName;
322 	pcap_t	*pd;
323 	pcap_dumper_t *pdd;
324 	netdissect_options *ndo;
325 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
326 	int	dirfd;
327 #endif
328 };
329 
330 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG)
331 /*
332  * We have pcap_set_parser_debug() in libpcap; declare it (it's not declared
333  * by any libpcap header, because it's a special hack, only available if
334  * libpcap was configured to include it, and only intended for use by
335  * libpcap developers trying to debug the parser for filter expressions).
336  */
337 #ifdef _WIN32
338 __declspec(dllimport)
339 #else /* _WIN32 */
340 extern
341 #endif /* _WIN32 */
342 void pcap_set_parser_debug(int);
343 #elif defined(HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG) || defined(HAVE_YYDEBUG)
344 /*
345  * We don't have pcap_set_parser_debug() in libpcap, but we do have
346  * pcap_debug or yydebug.  Make a local version of pcap_set_parser_debug()
347  * to set the flag, and define HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG.
348  */
349 static void
350 pcap_set_parser_debug(int value)
351 {
352 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG
353 	extern int pcap_debug;
354 
355 	pcap_debug = value;
356 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG */
357 	extern int yydebug;
358 
359 	yydebug = value;
360 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG */
361 }
362 
363 #define HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
364 #endif
365 
366 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_OPTIMIZER_DEBUG)
367 /*
368  * We have pcap_set_optimizer_debug() in libpcap; declare it (it's not declared
369  * by any libpcap header, because it's a special hack, only available if
370  * libpcap was configured to include it, and only intended for use by
371  * libpcap developers trying to debug the optimizer for filter expressions).
372  */
373 #ifdef _WIN32
374 __declspec(dllimport)
375 #else /* _WIN32 */
376 extern
377 #endif /* _WIN32 */
378 void pcap_set_optimizer_debug(int);
379 #endif
380 
381 /* VARARGS */
382 static void
383 error(const char *fmt, ...)
384 {
385 	va_list ap;
386 
387 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
388 	va_start(ap, fmt);
389 	(void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
390 	va_end(ap);
391 	if (*fmt) {
392 		fmt += strlen(fmt);
393 		if (fmt[-1] != '\n')
394 			(void)fputc('\n', stderr);
395 	}
396 	exit_tcpdump(S_ERR_HOST_PROGRAM);
397 	/* NOTREACHED */
398 }
399 
400 /* VARARGS */
401 static void
402 warning(const char *fmt, ...)
403 {
404 	va_list ap;
405 
406 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: WARNING: ", program_name);
407 	va_start(ap, fmt);
408 	(void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
409 	va_end(ap);
410 	if (*fmt) {
411 		fmt += strlen(fmt);
412 		if (fmt[-1] != '\n')
413 			(void)fputc('\n', stderr);
414 	}
415 }
416 
417 static void
418 exit_tcpdump(int status)
419 {
420 	nd_cleanup();
421 	exit(status);
422 }
423 
424 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
425 static void
426 show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pcap_t *pc, const char *device)
427 {
428 	int n_tstamp_types;
429 	int *tstamp_types = 0;
430 	const char *tstamp_type_name;
431 	int i;
432 
433 	n_tstamp_types = pcap_list_tstamp_types(pc, &tstamp_types);
434 	if (n_tstamp_types < 0)
435 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pc));
436 
437 	if (n_tstamp_types == 0) {
438 		fprintf(stderr, "Time stamp type cannot be set for %s\n",
439 		    device);
440 		exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
441 	}
442 	fprintf(stderr, "Time stamp types for %s (use option -j to set):\n",
443 	    device);
444 	for (i = 0; i < n_tstamp_types; i++) {
445 		tstamp_type_name = pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_name(tstamp_types[i]);
446 		if (tstamp_type_name != NULL) {
447 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %s (%s)\n", tstamp_type_name,
448 			    pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_description(tstamp_types[i]));
449 		} else {
450 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %d\n", tstamp_types[i]);
451 		}
452 	}
453 	pcap_free_tstamp_types(tstamp_types);
454 	exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
455 }
456 #endif
457 
458 static void
459 show_dlts_and_exit(pcap_t *pc, const char *device)
460 {
461 	int n_dlts, i;
462 	int *dlts = 0;
463 	const char *dlt_name;
464 
465 	n_dlts = pcap_list_datalinks(pc, &dlts);
466 	if (n_dlts < 0)
467 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pc));
468 	else if (n_dlts == 0 || !dlts)
469 		error("No data link types.");
470 
471 	/*
472 	 * If the interface is known to support monitor mode, indicate
473 	 * whether these are the data link types available when not in
474 	 * monitor mode, if -I wasn't specified, or when in monitor mode,
475 	 * when -I was specified (the link-layer types available in
476 	 * monitor mode might be different from the ones available when
477 	 * not in monitor mode).
478 	 */
479 	if (supports_monitor_mode)
480 		(void) fprintf(stderr, "Data link types for %s %s (use option -y to set):\n",
481 		    device,
482 		    Iflag ? "when in monitor mode" : "when not in monitor mode");
483 	else
484 		(void) fprintf(stderr, "Data link types for %s (use option -y to set):\n",
485 		    device);
486 
487 	for (i = 0; i < n_dlts; i++) {
488 		dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlts[i]);
489 		if (dlt_name != NULL) {
490 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %s (%s)", dlt_name,
491 			    pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlts[i]));
492 
493 			/*
494 			 * OK, does tcpdump handle that type?
495 			 */
496 			if (!has_printer(dlts[i]))
497 				(void) fprintf(stderr, " (printing not supported)");
498 			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
499 		} else {
500 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  DLT %d (printing not supported)\n",
501 			    dlts[i]);
502 		}
503 	}
504 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FREE_DATALINKS
505 	pcap_free_datalinks(dlts);
506 #endif
507 	exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
508 }
509 
510 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
511 static void
512 show_devices_and_exit(void)
513 {
514 	pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
515 	char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
516 	int i;
517 
518 	if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) < 0)
519 		error("%s", ebuf);
520 	for (i = 0, dev = devlist; dev != NULL; i++, dev = dev->next) {
521 		printf("%d.%s", i+1, dev->name);
522 		if (dev->description != NULL)
523 			printf(" (%s)", dev->description);
524 		if (dev->flags != 0) {
525 			printf(" [");
526 			printf("%s", bittok2str(status_flags, "none", dev->flags));
527 #ifdef PCAP_IF_WIRELESS
528 			if (dev->flags & PCAP_IF_WIRELESS) {
529 				switch (dev->flags & PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS) {
530 
531 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
532 					printf(", Association status unknown");
533 					break;
534 
535 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_CONNECTED:
536 					printf(", Associated");
537 					break;
538 
539 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_DISCONNECTED:
540 					printf(", Not associated");
541 					break;
542 
543 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_NOT_APPLICABLE:
544 					break;
545 				}
546 			} else {
547 				switch (dev->flags & PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS) {
548 
549 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
550 					printf(", Connection status unknown");
551 					break;
552 
553 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_CONNECTED:
554 					printf(", Connected");
555 					break;
556 
557 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_DISCONNECTED:
558 					printf(", Disconnected");
559 					break;
560 
561 				case PCAP_IF_CONNECTION_STATUS_NOT_APPLICABLE:
562 					break;
563 				}
564 			}
565 #endif
566 			printf("]");
567 		}
568 		printf("\n");
569 	}
570 	pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
571 	exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
572 }
573 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
574 
575 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
576 static void
577 show_remote_devices_and_exit(void)
578 {
579 	pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
580 	char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
581 	int i;
582 
583 	if (pcap_findalldevs_ex(remote_interfaces_source, NULL, &devlist,
584 	    ebuf) < 0)
585 		error("%s", ebuf);
586 	for (i = 0, dev = devlist; dev != NULL; i++, dev = dev->next) {
587 		printf("%d.%s", i+1, dev->name);
588 		if (dev->description != NULL)
589 			printf(" (%s)", dev->description);
590 		if (dev->flags != 0)
591 			printf(" [%s]", bittok2str(status_flags, "none", dev->flags));
592 		printf("\n");
593 	}
594 	pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
595 	exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
596 }
597 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
598 
599 /*
600  * Short options.
601  *
602  * Note that there we use all letters for short options except for g, k,
603  * o, and P, and those are used by other versions of tcpdump, and we should
604  * only use them for the same purposes that the other versions of tcpdump
605  * use them:
606  *
607  * macOS tcpdump uses -g to force non--v output for IP to be on one
608  * line, making it more "g"repable;
609  *
610  * macOS tcpdump uses -k to specify that packet comments in pcapng files
611  * should be printed;
612  *
613  * OpenBSD tcpdump uses -o to indicate that OS fingerprinting should be done
614  * for hosts sending TCP SYN packets;
615  *
616  * macOS tcpdump uses -P to indicate that -w should write pcapng rather
617  * than pcap files.
618  *
619  * macOS tcpdump also uses -Q to specify expressions that match packet
620  * metadata, including but not limited to the packet direction.
621  * The expression syntax is different from a simple "in|out|inout",
622  * and those expressions aren't accepted by macOS tcpdump, but the
623  * equivalents would be "in" = "dir=in", "out" = "dir=out", and
624  * "inout" = "dir=in or dir=out", and the parser could conceivably
625  * special-case "in", "out", and "inout" as expressions for backwards
626  * compatibility, so all is not (yet) lost.
627  */
628 
629 /*
630  * Set up flags that might or might not be supported depending on the
631  * version of libpcap we're using.
632  */
633 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
634 #define B_FLAG		"B:"
635 #define B_FLAG_USAGE	" [ -B size ]"
636 #else /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
637 #define B_FLAG
638 #define B_FLAG_USAGE
639 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
640 
641 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
642 #define D_FLAG	"D"
643 #else
644 #define D_FLAG
645 #endif
646 
647 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
648 #define I_FLAG		"I"
649 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
650 #define I_FLAG
651 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
652 
653 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
654 #define j_FLAG		"j:"
655 #define j_FLAG_USAGE	" [ -j tstamptype ]"
656 #define J_FLAG		"J"
657 #else /* PCAP_ERROR_TSTAMP_TYPE_NOTSUP */
658 #define j_FLAG
659 #define j_FLAG_USAGE
660 #define J_FLAG
661 #endif /* PCAP_ERROR_TSTAMP_TYPE_NOTSUP */
662 
663 #ifdef USE_LIBSMI
664 #define m_FLAG_USAGE "[ -m module ] ..."
665 #endif
666 
667 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
668 #define Q_FLAG "Q:"
669 #define Q_FLAG_USAGE " [ -Q in|out|inout ]"
670 #else
671 #define Q_FLAG
672 #define Q_FLAG_USAGE
673 #endif
674 
675 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
676 #define U_FLAG	"U"
677 #else
678 #define U_FLAG
679 #endif
680 
681 #define SHORTOPTS "aAb" B_FLAG "c:C:d" D_FLAG "eE:fF:G:hHi:" I_FLAG j_FLAG J_FLAG "KlLm:M:nNOpq" Q_FLAG "r:s:StT:u" U_FLAG "vV:w:W:xXy:Yz:Z:#"
682 
683 /*
684  * Long options.
685  *
686  * We do not currently have long options corresponding to all short
687  * options; we should probably pick appropriate option names for them.
688  *
689  * However, the short options where the number of times the option is
690  * specified matters, such as -v and -d and -t, should probably not
691  * just map to a long option, as saying
692  *
693  *  tcpdump --verbose --verbose
694  *
695  * doesn't make sense; it should be --verbosity={N} or something such
696  * as that.
697  *
698  * For long options with no corresponding short options, we define values
699  * outside the range of ASCII graphic characters, make that the last
700  * component of the entry for the long option, and have a case for that
701  * option in the switch statement.
702  */
703 #define OPTION_VERSION			128
704 #define OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION		129
705 #define OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE		130
706 #define OPTION_PRINT			131
707 #define OPTION_LIST_REMOTE_INTERFACES	132
708 #define OPTION_TSTAMP_MICRO		133
709 #define OPTION_TSTAMP_NANO		134
710 #define OPTION_FP_TYPE			135
711 #define OPTION_COUNT			136
712 
713 static const struct option longopts[] = {
714 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
715 	{ "buffer-size", required_argument, NULL, 'B' },
716 #endif
717 	{ "list-interfaces", no_argument, NULL, 'D' },
718 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
719 	{ "list-remote-interfaces", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LIST_REMOTE_INTERFACES },
720 #endif
721 	{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
722 	{ "interface", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
723 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
724 	{ "monitor-mode", no_argument, NULL, 'I' },
725 #endif
726 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
727 	{ "time-stamp-type", required_argument, NULL, 'j' },
728 	{ "list-time-stamp-types", no_argument, NULL, 'J' },
729 #endif
730 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
731 	{ "micro", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_TSTAMP_MICRO},
732 	{ "nano", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_TSTAMP_NANO},
733 	{ "time-stamp-precision", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION},
734 #endif
735 	{ "dont-verify-checksums", no_argument, NULL, 'K' },
736 	{ "list-data-link-types", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
737 	{ "no-optimize", no_argument, NULL, 'O' },
738 	{ "no-promiscuous-mode", no_argument, NULL, 'p' },
739 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
740 	{ "direction", required_argument, NULL, 'Q' },
741 #endif
742 	{ "snapshot-length", required_argument, NULL, 's' },
743 	{ "absolute-tcp-sequence-numbers", no_argument, NULL, 'S' },
744 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
745 	{ "packet-buffered", no_argument, NULL, 'U' },
746 #endif
747 	{ "linktype", required_argument, NULL, 'y' },
748 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
749 	{ "immediate-mode", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE },
750 #endif
751 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
752 	{ "debug-filter-parser", no_argument, NULL, 'Y' },
753 #endif
754 	{ "relinquish-privileges", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
755 	{ "count", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_COUNT },
756 	{ "fp-type", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_FP_TYPE },
757 	{ "number", no_argument, NULL, '#' },
758 	{ "print", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_PRINT },
759 	{ "version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION },
760 	{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
761 };
762 
763 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
764 #define LIST_REMOTE_INTERFACES_USAGE "[ --list-remote-interfaces remote-source ]"
765 #else
766 #define LIST_REMOTE_INTERFACES_USAGE
767 #endif
768 
769 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
770 #define IMMEDIATE_MODE_USAGE " [ --immediate-mode ]"
771 #else
772 #define IMMEDIATE_MODE_USAGE ""
773 #endif
774 
775 #ifndef _WIN32
776 /* Drop root privileges and chroot if necessary */
777 static void
778 droproot(const char *username, const char *chroot_dir)
779 {
780 	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
781 
782 	if (chroot_dir && !username)
783 		error("Chroot without dropping root is insecure");
784 
785 	pw = getpwnam(username);
786 	if (pw) {
787 		if (chroot_dir) {
788 			if (chroot(chroot_dir) != 0 || chdir ("/") != 0)
789 				error("Couldn't chroot/chdir to '%.64s': %s",
790 				      chroot_dir, pcap_strerror(errno));
791 		}
792 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
793 		{
794 			int ret = capng_change_id(pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_gid, CAPNG_NO_FLAG);
795 			if (ret < 0)
796 				error("capng_change_id(): return %d\n", ret);
797 			else
798 				fprintf(stderr, "dropped privs to %s\n", username);
799 		}
800 #else
801 		if (initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) != 0 ||
802 		    setgid(pw->pw_gid) != 0 || setuid(pw->pw_uid) != 0)
803 			error("Couldn't change to '%.32s' uid=%lu gid=%lu: %s",
804 				username,
805 				(unsigned long)pw->pw_uid,
806 				(unsigned long)pw->pw_gid,
807 				pcap_strerror(errno));
808 		else {
809 			fprintf(stderr, "dropped privs to %s\n", username);
810 		}
811 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
812 	} else
813 		error("Couldn't find user '%.32s'", username);
814 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
815 	/* We don't need CAP_SETUID, CAP_SETGID and CAP_SYS_CHROOT any more. */
816 DIAG_OFF_ASSIGN_ENUM
817 	capng_updatev(
818 		CAPNG_DROP,
819 		CAPNG_EFFECTIVE | CAPNG_PERMITTED,
820 		CAP_SETUID,
821 		CAP_SETGID,
822 		CAP_SYS_CHROOT,
823 		-1);
824 DIAG_ON_ASSIGN_ENUM
825 	capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
826 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
827 
828 }
829 #endif /* _WIN32 */
830 
831 static int
832 getWflagChars(int x)
833 {
834 	int c = 0;
835 
836 	x -= 1;
837 	while (x > 0) {
838 		c += 1;
839 		x /= 10;
840 	}
841 
842 	return c;
843 }
844 
845 
846 static void
847 MakeFilename(char *buffer, char *orig_name, int cnt, int max_chars)
848 {
849         char *filename = malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
850         if (filename == NULL)
851             error("%s: malloc", __func__);
852         if (strlen(orig_name) == 0)
853             error("an empty string is not a valid file name");
854 
855         /* Process with strftime if Gflag is set. */
856         if (Gflag != 0) {
857           struct tm *local_tm;
858 
859           /* Convert Gflag_time to a usable format */
860           if ((local_tm = localtime(&Gflag_time)) == NULL) {
861                   error("%s: localtime", __func__);
862           }
863 
864           /* There's no good way to detect an error in strftime since a return
865            * value of 0 isn't necessarily failure; if orig_name is an empty
866            * string, the formatted string will be empty.
867            *
868            * However, the C90 standard says that, if there *is* a
869            * buffer overflow, the content of the buffer is undefined,
870            * so we must check for a buffer overflow.
871            *
872            * So we check above for an empty orig_name, and only call
873            * strftime() if it's non-empty, in which case the return
874            * value will only be 0 if the formatted date doesn't fit
875            * in the buffer.
876            *
877            * (We check above because, even if we don't use -G, we
878            * want a better error message than "tcpdump: : No such
879            * file or directory" for this case.)
880            */
881           if (strftime(filename, PATH_MAX, orig_name, local_tm) == 0) {
882             error("%s: strftime", __func__);
883           }
884         } else {
885           strncpy(filename, orig_name, PATH_MAX);
886         }
887 
888 	if (cnt == 0 && max_chars == 0)
889 		strncpy(buffer, filename, PATH_MAX + 1);
890 	else
891 		if (snprintf(buffer, PATH_MAX + 1, "%s%0*d", filename, max_chars, cnt) > PATH_MAX)
892                   /* Report an error if the filename is too large */
893                   error("too many output files or filename is too long (> %d)", PATH_MAX);
894         free(filename);
895 }
896 
897 static char *
898 get_next_file(FILE *VFile, char *ptr)
899 {
900 	char *ret;
901 	size_t len;
902 
903 	ret = fgets(ptr, PATH_MAX, VFile);
904 	if (!ret)
905 		return NULL;
906 
907 	len = strlen (ptr);
908 	if (len > 0 && ptr[len - 1] == '\n')
909 		ptr[len - 1] = '\0';
910 
911 	return ret;
912 }
913 
914 #ifdef HAVE_CASPER
915 static cap_channel_t *
916 capdns_setup(void)
917 {
918 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
919 	const char *types[1];
920 	int families[2];
921 
922 	capcas = cap_init();
923 	if (capcas == NULL)
924 		error("unable to create casper process");
925 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
926 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
927 	cap_close(capcas);
928 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
929 		error("unable to open system.dns service");
930 	/* Limit system.dns to reverse DNS lookups. */
931 	types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
932 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 1) < 0)
933 		error("unable to limit access to system.dns service");
934 	families[0] = AF_INET;
935 	families[1] = AF_INET6;
936 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 2) < 0)
937 		error("unable to limit access to system.dns service");
938 
939 	return (capdnsloc);
940 }
941 #endif	/* HAVE_CASPER */
942 
943 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
944 static int
945 tstamp_precision_from_string(const char *precision)
946 {
947 	if (strncmp(precision, "nano", strlen("nano")) == 0)
948 		return PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO;
949 
950 	if (strncmp(precision, "micro", strlen("micro")) == 0)
951 		return PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO;
952 
953 	return -EINVAL;
954 }
955 
956 static const char *
957 tstamp_precision_to_string(int precision)
958 {
959 	switch (precision) {
960 
961 	case PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO:
962 		return "micro";
963 
964 	case PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO:
965 		return "nano";
966 
967 	default:
968 		return "unknown";
969 	}
970 }
971 #endif
972 
973 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
974 /*
975  * Ensure that, on a dump file's descriptor, we have all the rights
976  * necessary to make the standard I/O library work with an fdopen()ed
977  * FILE * from that descriptor.
978  *
979  * A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, AT&T decided that, instead
980  * of providing separate APIs for getting and setting the FD_ flags on a
981  * descriptor, getting and setting the O_ flags on a descriptor, and
982  * locking files, they'd throw them all into a kitchen-sink fcntl() call
983  * along the lines of ioctl(), the fact that ioctl() operations are
984  * largely specific to particular character devices but fcntl() operations
985  * are either generic to all descriptors or generic to all descriptors for
986  * regular files nonwithstanding.
987  *
988  * The Capsicum people decided that fine-grained control of descriptor
989  * operations was required, so that you need to grant permission for
990  * reading, writing, seeking, and fcntl-ing.  The latter, courtesy of
991  * AT&T's decision, means that "fcntl-ing" isn't a thing, but a motley
992  * collection of things, so there are *individual* fcntls for which
993  * permission needs to be granted.
994  *
995  * The FreeBSD standard I/O people implemented some optimizations that
996  * requires that the standard I/O routines be able to determine whether
997  * the descriptor for the FILE * is open append-only or not; as that
998  * descriptor could have come from an open() rather than an fopen(),
999  * that requires that it be able to do an F_GETFL fcntl() to read
1000  * the O_ flags.
1001  *
1002  * Tcpdump uses ftell() to determine how much data has been written
1003  * to a file in order to, when used with -C, determine when it's time
1004  * to rotate capture files.  ftell() therefore needs to do an lseek()
1005  * to find out the file offset and must, thanks to the aforementioned
1006  * optimization, also know whether the descriptor is open append-only
1007  * or not.
1008  *
1009  * The net result of all the above is that we need to grant CAP_SEEK,
1010  * CAP_WRITE, and CAP_FCNTL with the CAP_FCNTL_GETFL subcapability.
1011  *
1012  * Perhaps this is the universe's way of saying that either
1013  *
1014  *	1) there needs to be an fopenat() call and a pcap_dump_openat() call
1015  *	   using it, so that Capsicum-capable tcpdump wouldn't need to do
1016  *	   an fdopen()
1017  *
1018  * or
1019  *
1020  *	2) there needs to be a cap_fdopen() call in the FreeBSD standard
1021  *	   I/O library that knows what rights are needed by the standard
1022  *	   I/O library, based on the open mode, and assigns them, perhaps
1023  *	   with an additional argument indicating, for example, whether
1024  *	   seeking should be allowed, so that tcpdump doesn't need to know
1025  *	   what the standard I/O library happens to require this week.
1026  */
1027 static void
1028 set_dumper_capsicum_rights(pcap_dumper_t *p)
1029 {
1030 	int fd = fileno(pcap_dump_file(p));
1031 	cap_rights_t rights;
1032 
1033 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEEK, CAP_WRITE, CAP_FCNTL);
1034 	if (cap_rights_limit(fd, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
1035 		error("unable to limit dump descriptor");
1036 	}
1037 	if (cap_fcntls_limit(fd, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
1038 		error("unable to limit dump descriptor fcntls");
1039 	}
1040 }
1041 #endif
1042 
1043 /*
1044  * Copy arg vector into a new buffer, concatenating arguments with spaces.
1045  */
1046 static char *
1047 copy_argv(char **argv)
1048 {
1049 	char **p;
1050 	size_t len = 0;
1051 	char *buf;
1052 	char *src, *dst;
1053 
1054 	p = argv;
1055 	if (*p == NULL)
1056 		return 0;
1057 
1058 	while (*p)
1059 		len += strlen(*p++) + 1;
1060 
1061 	buf = (char *)malloc(len);
1062 	if (buf == NULL)
1063 		error("%s: malloc", __func__);
1064 
1065 	p = argv;
1066 	dst = buf;
1067 	while ((src = *p++) != NULL) {
1068 		while ((*dst++ = *src++) != '\0')
1069 			;
1070 		dst[-1] = ' ';
1071 	}
1072 	dst[-1] = '\0';
1073 
1074 	return buf;
1075 }
1076 
1077 /*
1078  * On Windows, we need to open the file in binary mode, so that
1079  * we get all the bytes specified by the size we get from "fstat()".
1080  * On UNIX, that's not necessary.  O_BINARY is defined on Windows;
1081  * we define it as 0 if it's not defined, so it does nothing.
1082  */
1083 #ifndef O_BINARY
1084 #define O_BINARY	0
1085 #endif
1086 
1087 static char *
1088 read_infile(char *fname)
1089 {
1090 	int i, fd;
1091 	ssize_t cc;
1092 	char *cp;
1093 	our_statb buf;
1094 
1095 	fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
1096 	if (fd < 0)
1097 		error("can't open %s: %s", fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
1098 
1099 	if (our_fstat(fd, &buf) < 0)
1100 		error("can't stat %s: %s", fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
1101 
1102 	/*
1103 	 * Reject files whose size doesn't fit into an int; a filter
1104 	 * *that* large will probably be too big.
1105 	 */
1106 	if (buf.st_size > INT_MAX)
1107 		error("%s is too large", fname);
1108 
1109 	cp = malloc((u_int)buf.st_size + 1);
1110 	if (cp == NULL)
1111 		error("malloc(%d) for %s: %s", (u_int)buf.st_size + 1,
1112 			fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
1113 	cc = read(fd, cp, (u_int)buf.st_size);
1114 	if (cc < 0)
1115 		error("read %s: %s", fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
1116 	if (cc != buf.st_size)
1117 		error("short read %s (%d != %d)", fname, (int) cc,
1118 		    (int)buf.st_size);
1119 
1120 	close(fd);
1121 	/* replace "# comment" with spaces */
1122 	for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
1123 		if (cp[i] == '#')
1124 			while (i < cc && cp[i] != '\n')
1125 				cp[i++] = ' ';
1126 	}
1127 	cp[cc] = '\0';
1128 	return (cp);
1129 }
1130 
1131 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1132 static long
1133 parse_interface_number(const char *device)
1134 {
1135 	const char *p;
1136 	long devnum;
1137 	char *end;
1138 
1139 	/*
1140 	 * Search for a colon, terminating any scheme at the beginning
1141 	 * of the device.
1142 	 */
1143 	p = strchr(device, ':');
1144 	if (p != NULL) {
1145 		/*
1146 		 * We found it.  Is it followed by "//"?
1147 		 */
1148 		p++;	/* skip the : */
1149 		if (strncmp(p, "//", 2) == 0) {
1150 			/*
1151 			 * Yes.  Search for the next /, at the end of the
1152 			 * authority part of the URL.
1153 			 */
1154 			p += 2;	/* skip the // */
1155 			p = strchr(p, '/');
1156 			if (p != NULL) {
1157 				/*
1158 				 * OK, past the / is the path.
1159 				 */
1160 				device = p + 1;
1161 			}
1162 		}
1163 	}
1164 	devnum = strtol(device, &end, 10);
1165 	if (device != end && *end == '\0') {
1166 		/*
1167 		 * It's all-numeric, but is it a valid number?
1168 		 */
1169 		if (devnum <= 0) {
1170 			/*
1171 			 * No, it's not an ordinal.
1172 			 */
1173 			error("Invalid adapter index");
1174 		}
1175 		return (devnum);
1176 	} else {
1177 		/*
1178 		 * It's not all-numeric; return -1, so our caller
1179 		 * knows that.
1180 		 */
1181 		return (-1);
1182 	}
1183 }
1184 
1185 static char *
1186 find_interface_by_number(const char *url
1187 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
1188 _U_
1189 #endif
1190 , long devnum)
1191 {
1192 	pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
1193 	long i;
1194 	char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
1195 	char *device;
1196 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
1197 	const char *endp;
1198 	char *host_url;
1199 #endif
1200 	int status;
1201 
1202 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
1203 	/*
1204 	 * Search for a colon, terminating any scheme at the beginning
1205 	 * of the URL.
1206 	 */
1207 	endp = strchr(url, ':');
1208 	if (endp != NULL) {
1209 		/*
1210 		 * We found it.  Is it followed by "//"?
1211 		 */
1212 		endp++;	/* skip the : */
1213 		if (strncmp(endp, "//", 2) == 0) {
1214 			/*
1215 			 * Yes.  Search for the next /, at the end of the
1216 			 * authority part of the URL.
1217 			 */
1218 			endp += 2;	/* skip the // */
1219 			endp = strchr(endp, '/');
1220 		} else
1221 			endp = NULL;
1222 	}
1223 	if (endp != NULL) {
1224 		/*
1225 		 * OK, everything from device to endp is a URL to hand
1226 		 * to pcap_findalldevs_ex().
1227 		 */
1228 		endp++;	/* Include the trailing / in the URL; pcap_findalldevs_ex() requires it */
1229 		host_url = malloc(endp - url + 1);
1230 		if (host_url == NULL && (endp - url + 1) > 0)
1231 			error("Invalid allocation for host");
1232 
1233 		memcpy(host_url, url, endp - url);
1234 		host_url[endp - url] = '\0';
1235 		status = pcap_findalldevs_ex(host_url, NULL, &devlist, ebuf);
1236 		free(host_url);
1237 	} else
1238 #endif
1239 	status = pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf);
1240 	if (status < 0)
1241 		error("%s", ebuf);
1242 	/*
1243 	 * Look for the devnum-th entry in the list of devices (1-based).
1244 	 */
1245 	for (i = 0, dev = devlist; i < devnum-1 && dev != NULL;
1246 	    i++, dev = dev->next)
1247 		;
1248 	if (dev == NULL)
1249 		error("Invalid adapter index");
1250 	device = strdup(dev->name);
1251 	pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
1252 	return (device);
1253 }
1254 #endif
1255 
1256 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_OPEN
1257 /*
1258  * Prefixes for rpcap URLs.
1259  */
1260 static char rpcap_prefix[] = "rpcap://";
1261 static char rpcap_ssl_prefix[] = "rpcaps://";
1262 #endif
1263 
1264 static pcap_t *
1265 open_interface(const char *device, netdissect_options *ndo, char *ebuf)
1266 {
1267 	pcap_t *pc;
1268 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
1269 	int status;
1270 	char *cp;
1271 #endif
1272 
1273 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_OPEN
1274 	/*
1275 	 * Is this an rpcap URL?
1276 	 */
1277 	if (strncmp(device, rpcap_prefix, sizeof(rpcap_prefix) - 1) == 0 ||
1278 	    strncmp(device, rpcap_ssl_prefix, sizeof(rpcap_ssl_prefix) - 1) == 0) {
1279 		/*
1280 		 * Yes.  Open it with pcap_open().
1281 		 */
1282 		*ebuf = '\0';
1283 		pc = pcap_open(device, ndo->ndo_snaplen,
1284 		    pflag ? 0 : PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS, timeout, NULL,
1285 		    ebuf);
1286 		if (pc == NULL) {
1287 			/*
1288 			 * If this failed with "No such device" or "The system
1289 			 * cannot find the device specified", that means
1290 			 * the interface doesn't exist; return NULL, so that
1291 			 * the caller can see whether the device name is
1292 			 * actually an interface index.
1293 			 */
1294 			if (strstr(ebuf, "No such device") != NULL ||
1295 			    strstr(ebuf, "The system cannot find the device specified") != NULL)
1296 				return (NULL);
1297 			error("%s", ebuf);
1298 		}
1299 		if (*ebuf)
1300 			warning("%s", ebuf);
1301 		return (pc);
1302 	}
1303 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_OPEN */
1304 
1305 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
1306 	pc = pcap_create(device, ebuf);
1307 	if (pc == NULL) {
1308 		/*
1309 		 * If this failed with "No such device", that means
1310 		 * the interface doesn't exist; return NULL, so that
1311 		 * the caller can see whether the device name is
1312 		 * actually an interface index.
1313 		 */
1314 		if (strstr(ebuf, "No such device") != NULL)
1315 			return (NULL);
1316 		error("%s", ebuf);
1317 	}
1318 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1319 	if (Jflag)
1320 		show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pc, device);
1321 #endif
1322 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1323 	status = pcap_set_tstamp_precision(pc, ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision);
1324 	if (status != 0)
1325 		error("%s: Can't set %ssecond time stamp precision: %s",
1326 		    device,
1327 		    tstamp_precision_to_string(ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision),
1328 		    pcap_statustostr(status));
1329 #endif
1330 
1331 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1332 	if (immediate_mode) {
1333 		status = pcap_set_immediate_mode(pc, 1);
1334 		if (status != 0)
1335 			error("%s: Can't set immediate mode: %s",
1336 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1337 	}
1338 #endif
1339 	/*
1340 	 * Is this an interface that supports monitor mode?
1341 	 */
1342 	if (pcap_can_set_rfmon(pc) == 1)
1343 		supports_monitor_mode = 1;
1344 	else
1345 		supports_monitor_mode = 0;
1346 	if (ndo->ndo_snaplen != 0) {
1347 		/*
1348 		 * A snapshot length was explicitly specified;
1349 		 * use it.
1350 		 */
1351 		status = pcap_set_snaplen(pc, ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1352 		if (status != 0)
1353 			error("%s: Can't set snapshot length: %s",
1354 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1355 	}
1356 	status = pcap_set_promisc(pc, !pflag);
1357 	if (status != 0)
1358 		error("%s: Can't set promiscuous mode: %s",
1359 		    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1360 	if (Iflag) {
1361 		status = pcap_set_rfmon(pc, 1);
1362 		if (status != 0)
1363 			error("%s: Can't set monitor mode: %s",
1364 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1365 	}
1366 	status = pcap_set_timeout(pc, timeout);
1367 	if (status != 0)
1368 		error("%s: pcap_set_timeout failed: %s",
1369 		    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1370 	if (Bflag != 0) {
1371 		status = pcap_set_buffer_size(pc, Bflag);
1372 		if (status != 0)
1373 			error("%s: Can't set buffer size: %s",
1374 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1375 	}
1376 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1377 	if (jflag != -1) {
1378 		status = pcap_set_tstamp_type(pc, jflag);
1379 		if (status < 0)
1380 			error("%s: Can't set time stamp type: %s",
1381 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1382 		else if (status > 0)
1383 			warning("When trying to set timestamp type '%s' on %s: %s",
1384 			    pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_name(jflag), device,
1385 			    pcap_statustostr(status));
1386 	}
1387 #endif
1388 	status = pcap_activate(pc);
1389 	if (status < 0) {
1390 		/*
1391 		 * pcap_activate() failed.
1392 		 */
1393 		cp = pcap_geterr(pc);
1394 		if (status == PCAP_ERROR)
1395 			error("%s", cp);
1396 		else if (status == PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE) {
1397 			/*
1398 			 * Return an error for our caller to handle.
1399 			 */
1400 			snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s: %s\n(%s)",
1401 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1402 		} else if (status == PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED && *cp != '\0')
1403 			error("%s: %s\n(%s)", device,
1404 			    pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1405 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
1406 		else if (status == PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP &&
1407 		    strncmp(device, "wlan", 4) == 0) {
1408 			char parent[8], newdev[8];
1409 			char sysctl[32];
1410 			size_t s = sizeof(parent);
1411 
1412 			snprintf(sysctl, sizeof(sysctl),
1413 			    "net.wlan.%d.%%parent", atoi(device + 4));
1414 			sysctlbyname(sysctl, parent, &s, NULL, 0);
1415 			strlcpy(newdev, device, sizeof(newdev));
1416 			/* Suggest a new wlan device. */
1417 			/* FIXME: incrementing the index this way is not going to work well
1418 			 * when the index is 9 or greater but the only consequence in this
1419 			 * specific case would be an error message that looks a bit odd.
1420 			 */
1421 			newdev[strlen(newdev)-1]++;
1422 			error("%s is not a monitor mode VAP\n"
1423 			    "To create a new monitor mode VAP use:\n"
1424 			    "  ifconfig %s create wlandev %s wlanmode monitor\n"
1425 			    "and use %s as the tcpdump interface",
1426 			    device, newdev, parent, newdev);
1427 		}
1428 #endif
1429 		else
1430 			error("%s: %s", device,
1431 			    pcap_statustostr(status));
1432 		pcap_close(pc);
1433 		return (NULL);
1434 	} else if (status > 0) {
1435 		/*
1436 		 * pcap_activate() succeeded, but it's warning us
1437 		 * of a problem it had.
1438 		 */
1439 		cp = pcap_geterr(pc);
1440 		if (status == PCAP_WARNING)
1441 			warning("%s", cp);
1442 		else if (status == PCAP_WARNING_PROMISC_NOTSUP &&
1443 		         *cp != '\0')
1444 			warning("%s: %s\n(%s)", device,
1445 			    pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1446 		else
1447 			warning("%s: %s", device,
1448 			    pcap_statustostr(status));
1449 	}
1450 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
1451 	if (Qflag != -1) {
1452 		status = pcap_setdirection(pc, Qflag);
1453 		if (status != 0)
1454 			error("%s: pcap_setdirection() failed: %s",
1455 			      device,  pcap_geterr(pc));
1456 		}
1457 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION */
1458 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1459 	*ebuf = '\0';
1460 	/*
1461 	 * If no snapshot length was specified, or a length of 0 was
1462 	 * specified, default to 256KB.
1463 	 */
1464 	if (ndo->ndo_snaplen == 0)
1465 		ndo->ndo_snaplen = MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN;
1466 	pc = pcap_open_live(device, ndo->ndo_snaplen, !pflag, timeout, ebuf);
1467 	if (pc == NULL) {
1468 		/*
1469 		 * If this failed with "No such device", that means
1470 		 * the interface doesn't exist; return NULL, so that
1471 		 * the caller can see whether the device name is
1472 		 * actually an interface index.
1473 		 */
1474 		if (strstr(ebuf, "No such device") != NULL)
1475 			return (NULL);
1476 		error("%s", ebuf);
1477 	}
1478 	if (*ebuf)
1479 		warning("%s", ebuf);
1480 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1481 
1482 	return (pc);
1483 }
1484 
1485 int
1486 main(int argc, char **argv)
1487 {
1488 	int cnt, op, i;
1489 	bpf_u_int32 localnet = 0, netmask = 0;
1490 	char *cp, *infile, *cmdbuf, *device, *RFileName, *VFileName, *WFileName;
1491 	char *endp;
1492 	pcap_handler callback;
1493 	int dlt;
1494 	const char *dlt_name;
1495 	struct bpf_program fcode;
1496 #ifndef _WIN32
1497 	void (*oldhandler)(int);
1498 #endif
1499 	struct dump_info dumpinfo;
1500 	u_char *pcap_userdata;
1501 	char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
1502 	char VFileLine[PATH_MAX + 1];
1503 	const char *username = NULL;
1504 #ifndef _WIN32
1505 	const char *chroot_dir = NULL;
1506 #endif
1507 	char *ret = NULL;
1508 	char *end;
1509 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1510 	pcap_if_t *devlist;
1511 	long devnum;
1512 #endif
1513 	int status;
1514 	FILE *VFile;
1515 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1516 	cap_rights_t rights;
1517 	int cansandbox;
1518 #endif	/* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
1519 	int Oflag = 1;			/* run filter code optimizer */
1520 	int yflag_dlt = -1;
1521 	const char *yflag_dlt_name = NULL;
1522 	int print = 0;
1523 
1524 	netdissect_options Ndo;
1525 	netdissect_options *ndo = &Ndo;
1526 
1527 	/*
1528 	 * Initialize the netdissect code.
1529 	 */
1530 	if (nd_init(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf)) == -1)
1531 		error("%s", ebuf);
1532 
1533 	memset(ndo, 0, sizeof(*ndo));
1534 	ndo_set_function_pointers(ndo);
1535 
1536 	cnt = -1;
1537 	device = NULL;
1538 	infile = NULL;
1539 	RFileName = NULL;
1540 	VFileName = NULL;
1541 	VFile = NULL;
1542 	WFileName = NULL;
1543 	dlt = -1;
1544 	if ((cp = strrchr(argv[0], PATH_SEPARATOR)) != NULL)
1545 		ndo->program_name = program_name = cp + 1;
1546 	else
1547 		ndo->program_name = program_name = argv[0];
1548 
1549 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_WSOCKINIT)
1550 	if (pcap_wsockinit() != 0)
1551 		error("Attempting to initialize Winsock failed");
1552 #elif defined(HAVE_WSOCKINIT)
1553 	if (wsockinit() != 0)
1554 		error("Attempting to initialize Winsock failed");
1555 #endif
1556 
1557 	/*
1558 	 * On platforms where the CPU doesn't support unaligned loads,
1559 	 * force unaligned accesses to abort with SIGBUS, rather than
1560 	 * being fixed up (slowly) by the OS kernel; on those platforms,
1561 	 * misaligned accesses are bugs, and we want tcpdump to crash so
1562 	 * that the bugs are reported.
1563 	 */
1564 	if (abort_on_misalignment(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf)) < 0)
1565 		error("%s", ebuf);
1566 
1567 	tzset();
1568 
1569 	while (
1570 	    (op = getopt_long(argc, argv, SHORTOPTS, longopts, NULL)) != -1)
1571 		switch (op) {
1572 
1573 		case 'a':
1574 			/* compatibility for old -a */
1575 			break;
1576 
1577 		case 'A':
1578 			++ndo->ndo_Aflag;
1579 			break;
1580 
1581 		case 'b':
1582 			++ndo->ndo_bflag;
1583 			break;
1584 
1585 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
1586 		case 'B':
1587 			Bflag = atoi(optarg)*1024;
1588 			if (Bflag <= 0)
1589 				error("invalid packet buffer size %s", optarg);
1590 			break;
1591 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
1592 
1593 		case 'c':
1594 			cnt = atoi(optarg);
1595 			if (cnt <= 0)
1596 				error("invalid packet count %s", optarg);
1597 			break;
1598 
1599 		case 'C':
1600 			errno = 0;
1601 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FTELL64
1602 			Cflag = strtoint64_t(optarg, &endp, 10);
1603 #else
1604 			Cflag = strtol(optarg, &endp, 10);
1605 #endif
1606 			if (endp == optarg || *endp != '\0' || errno != 0
1607 			    || Cflag <= 0)
1608 				error("invalid file size %s", optarg);
1609 			/*
1610 			 * Will multiplying it by 1000000 overflow?
1611 			 */
1612 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FTELL64
1613 			if (Cflag > INT64_T_CONSTANT(0x7fffffffffffffff) / 1000000)
1614 #else
1615 			if (Cflag > LONG_MAX / 1000000)
1616 #endif
1617 				error("file size %s is too large", optarg);
1618 			Cflag *= 1000000;
1619 			break;
1620 
1621 		case 'd':
1622 			++dflag;
1623 			break;
1624 
1625 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1626 		case 'D':
1627 			Dflag++;
1628 			break;
1629 #endif
1630 
1631 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
1632 		case OPTION_LIST_REMOTE_INTERFACES:
1633 			remote_interfaces_source = optarg;
1634 			break;
1635 #endif
1636 
1637 		case 'L':
1638 			Lflag++;
1639 			break;
1640 
1641 		case 'e':
1642 			++ndo->ndo_eflag;
1643 			break;
1644 
1645 		case 'E':
1646 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
1647 			warning("crypto code not compiled in");
1648 #endif
1649 			ndo->ndo_espsecret = optarg;
1650 			break;
1651 
1652 		case 'f':
1653 			++ndo->ndo_fflag;
1654 			break;
1655 
1656 		case 'F':
1657 			infile = optarg;
1658 			break;
1659 
1660 		case 'G':
1661 			Gflag = atoi(optarg);
1662 			if (Gflag < 0)
1663 				error("invalid number of seconds %s", optarg);
1664 
1665                         /* We will create one file initially. */
1666                         Gflag_count = 0;
1667 
1668 			/* Grab the current time for rotation use. */
1669 			if ((Gflag_time = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) {
1670 				error("%s: can't get current time: %s",
1671 				    __func__, pcap_strerror(errno));
1672 			}
1673 			break;
1674 
1675 		case 'h':
1676 			print_usage(stdout);
1677 			exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
1678 			break;
1679 
1680 		case 'H':
1681 			++ndo->ndo_Hflag;
1682 			break;
1683 
1684 		case 'i':
1685 			device = optarg;
1686 			break;
1687 
1688 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
1689 		case 'I':
1690 			++Iflag;
1691 			break;
1692 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1693 
1694 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1695 		case 'j':
1696 			jflag = pcap_tstamp_type_name_to_val(optarg);
1697 			if (jflag < 0)
1698 				error("invalid time stamp type %s", optarg);
1699 			break;
1700 
1701 		case 'J':
1702 			Jflag++;
1703 			break;
1704 #endif
1705 
1706 		case 'l':
1707 #ifdef _WIN32
1708 			/*
1709 			 * _IOLBF is the same as _IOFBF in Microsoft's C
1710 			 * libraries; the only alternative they offer
1711 			 * is _IONBF.
1712 			 *
1713 			 * XXX - this should really be checking for MSVC++,
1714 			 * not _WIN32, if, for example, MinGW has its own
1715 			 * C library that is more UNIX-compatible.
1716 			 */
1717 			setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
1718 #else /* _WIN32 */
1719 #ifdef HAVE_SETLINEBUF
1720 			setlinebuf(stdout);
1721 #else
1722 			setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
1723 #endif
1724 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1725 			lflag = 1;
1726 			break;
1727 
1728 		case 'K':
1729 			++ndo->ndo_Kflag;
1730 			break;
1731 
1732 		case 'm':
1733 			if (nd_have_smi_support()) {
1734 				if (nd_load_smi_module(optarg, ebuf, sizeof(ebuf)) == -1)
1735 					error("%s", ebuf);
1736 			} else {
1737 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ignoring option `-m %s' ",
1738 					      program_name, optarg);
1739 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "(no libsmi support)\n");
1740 			}
1741 			break;
1742 
1743 		case 'M':
1744 			/* TCP-MD5 shared secret */
1745 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
1746 			warning("crypto code not compiled in");
1747 #endif
1748 			ndo->ndo_sigsecret = optarg;
1749 			break;
1750 
1751 		case 'n':
1752 			++ndo->ndo_nflag;
1753 			break;
1754 
1755 		case 'N':
1756 			++ndo->ndo_Nflag;
1757 			break;
1758 
1759 		case 'O':
1760 			Oflag = 0;
1761 			break;
1762 
1763 		case 'p':
1764 			++pflag;
1765 			break;
1766 
1767 		case 'q':
1768 			++ndo->ndo_qflag;
1769 			++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1770 			break;
1771 
1772 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
1773 		case 'Q':
1774 			if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "in") == 0)
1775 				Qflag = PCAP_D_IN;
1776 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "out") == 0)
1777 				Qflag = PCAP_D_OUT;
1778 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "inout") == 0)
1779 				Qflag = PCAP_D_INOUT;
1780 			else
1781 				error("unknown capture direction `%s'", optarg);
1782 			break;
1783 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION */
1784 
1785 		case 'r':
1786 			RFileName = optarg;
1787 			break;
1788 
1789 		case 's':
1790 			ndo->ndo_snaplen = (int)strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
1791 			if (optarg == end || *end != '\0'
1792 			    || ndo->ndo_snaplen < 0 || ndo->ndo_snaplen > MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN)
1793 				error("invalid snaplen %s (must be >= 0 and <= %d)",
1794 				      optarg, MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN);
1795 			break;
1796 
1797 		case 'S':
1798 			++ndo->ndo_Sflag;
1799 			break;
1800 
1801 		case 't':
1802 			++ndo->ndo_tflag;
1803 			break;
1804 
1805 		case 'T':
1806 			if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "vat") == 0)
1807 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_VAT;
1808 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "wb") == 0)
1809 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_WB;
1810 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rpc") == 0)
1811 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RPC;
1812 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rtp") == 0)
1813 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RTP;
1814 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rtcp") == 0)
1815 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RTCP;
1816 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "snmp") == 0)
1817 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_SNMP;
1818 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "cnfp") == 0)
1819 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_CNFP;
1820 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "tftp") == 0)
1821 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_TFTP;
1822 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "aodv") == 0)
1823 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_AODV;
1824 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "carp") == 0)
1825 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_CARP;
1826 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "radius") == 0)
1827 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RADIUS;
1828 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "zmtp1") == 0)
1829 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_ZMTP1;
1830 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "vxlan") == 0)
1831 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_VXLAN;
1832 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "pgm") == 0)
1833 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PGM;
1834 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "pgm_zmtp1") == 0)
1835 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PGM_ZMTP1;
1836 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "lmp") == 0)
1837 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_LMP;
1838 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "resp") == 0)
1839 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RESP;
1840 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "ptp") == 0)
1841 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PTP;
1842 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "someip") == 0)
1843 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_SOMEIP;
1844 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "domain") == 0)
1845 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_DOMAIN;
1846 			else
1847 				error("unknown packet type `%s'", optarg);
1848 			break;
1849 
1850 		case 'u':
1851 			++ndo->ndo_uflag;
1852 			break;
1853 
1854 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
1855 		case 'U':
1856 			++Uflag;
1857 			break;
1858 #endif
1859 
1860 		case 'v':
1861 			++ndo->ndo_vflag;
1862 			break;
1863 
1864 		case 'V':
1865 			VFileName = optarg;
1866 			break;
1867 
1868 		case 'w':
1869 			WFileName = optarg;
1870 			break;
1871 
1872 		case 'W':
1873 			Wflag = atoi(optarg);
1874 			if (Wflag <= 0)
1875 				error("invalid number of output files %s", optarg);
1876 			WflagChars = getWflagChars(Wflag);
1877 			break;
1878 
1879 		case 'x':
1880 			++ndo->ndo_xflag;
1881 			++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1882 			break;
1883 
1884 		case 'X':
1885 			++ndo->ndo_Xflag;
1886 			++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1887 			break;
1888 
1889 		case 'y':
1890 			yflag_dlt_name = optarg;
1891 			yflag_dlt =
1892 				pcap_datalink_name_to_val(yflag_dlt_name);
1893 			if (yflag_dlt < 0)
1894 				error("invalid data link type %s", yflag_dlt_name);
1895 			break;
1896 
1897 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
1898 		case 'Y':
1899 			{
1900 			/* Undocumented flag */
1901 			pcap_set_parser_debug(1);
1902 			}
1903 			break;
1904 #endif
1905 		case 'z':
1906 			zflag = optarg;
1907 			break;
1908 
1909 		case 'Z':
1910 			username = optarg;
1911 			break;
1912 
1913 		case '#':
1914 			ndo->ndo_packet_number = 1;
1915 			break;
1916 
1917 		case OPTION_VERSION:
1918 			print_version(stdout);
1919 			exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
1920 			break;
1921 
1922 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1923 		case OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION:
1924 			ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision = tstamp_precision_from_string(optarg);
1925 			if (ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision < 0)
1926 				error("unsupported time stamp precision");
1927 			break;
1928 #endif
1929 
1930 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1931 		case OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE:
1932 			immediate_mode = 1;
1933 			break;
1934 #endif
1935 
1936 		case OPTION_PRINT:
1937 			print = 1;
1938 			break;
1939 
1940 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1941 		case OPTION_TSTAMP_MICRO:
1942 			ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision = PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO;
1943 			break;
1944 
1945 		case OPTION_TSTAMP_NANO:
1946 			ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision = PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO;
1947 			break;
1948 #endif
1949 
1950 		case OPTION_FP_TYPE:
1951 			/*
1952 			 * Print out the type of floating-point arithmetic
1953 			 * we're doing; it's probably IEEE, unless somebody
1954 			 * tries to run this on a VAX, but the precision
1955 			 * may differ (e.g., it might be 32-bit, 64-bit,
1956 			 * or 80-bit).
1957 			 */
1958 			float_type_check(0x4e93312d);
1959 			return 0;
1960 
1961 		case OPTION_COUNT:
1962 			count_mode = 1;
1963 			break;
1964 
1965 		default:
1966 			print_usage(stderr);
1967 			exit_tcpdump(S_ERR_HOST_PROGRAM);
1968 			/* NOTREACHED */
1969 		}
1970 
1971 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1972 	if (Dflag)
1973 		show_devices_and_exit();
1974 #endif
1975 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
1976 	if (remote_interfaces_source != NULL)
1977 		show_remote_devices_and_exit();
1978 #endif
1979 
1980 #if defined(DLT_LINUX_SLL2) && defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_DATALINK)
1981 /* Set default linktype DLT_LINUX_SLL2 when capturing on the "any" device */
1982 		if (device != NULL &&
1983 		    strncmp (device, "any", strlen("any")) == 0
1984 		    && yflag_dlt == -1)
1985 			yflag_dlt = DLT_LINUX_SLL2;
1986 #endif
1987 
1988 	switch (ndo->ndo_tflag) {
1989 
1990 	case 0: /* Default */
1991 	case 1: /* No time stamp */
1992 	case 2: /* Unix timeval style */
1993 	case 3: /* Microseconds/nanoseconds since previous packet */
1994 	case 4: /* Date + Default */
1995 	case 5: /* Microseconds/nanoseconds since first packet */
1996 		break;
1997 
1998 	default: /* Not supported */
1999 		error("only -t, -tt, -ttt, -tttt and -ttttt are supported");
2000 		break;
2001 	}
2002 
2003 	if (ndo->ndo_fflag != 0 && (VFileName != NULL || RFileName != NULL))
2004 		error("-f can not be used with -V or -r");
2005 
2006 	if (VFileName != NULL && RFileName != NULL)
2007 		error("-V and -r are mutually exclusive.");
2008 
2009 	/*
2010 	 * If we're printing dissected packets to the standard output,
2011 	 * and either the standard output is a terminal or we're doing
2012 	 * "line" buffering, set the capture timeout to .1 second rather
2013 	 * than 1 second, as the user's probably expecting to see packets
2014 	 * pop up immediately shortly after they arrive.
2015 	 *
2016 	 * XXX - would there be some value appropriate for all cases,
2017 	 * based on, say, the buffer size and packet input rate?
2018 	 */
2019 	if ((WFileName == NULL || print) && (isatty(1) || lflag))
2020 		timeout = 100;
2021 
2022 #ifdef WITH_CHROOT
2023 	/* if run as root, prepare for chrooting */
2024 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
2025 		/* future extensibility for cmd-line arguments */
2026 		if (!chroot_dir)
2027 			chroot_dir = WITH_CHROOT;
2028 	}
2029 #endif
2030 
2031 #ifdef WITH_USER
2032 	/* if run as root, prepare for dropping root privileges */
2033 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
2034 		/* Run with '-Z root' to restore old behaviour */
2035 		if (!username)
2036 			username = WITH_USER;
2037 	}
2038 #endif
2039 
2040 	if (RFileName != NULL || VFileName != NULL) {
2041 		/*
2042 		 * If RFileName is non-null, it's the pathname of a
2043 		 * savefile to read.  If VFileName is non-null, it's
2044 		 * the pathname of a file containing a list of pathnames
2045 		 * (one per line) of savefiles to read.
2046 		 *
2047 		 * In either case, we're reading a savefile, not doing
2048 		 * a live capture.
2049 		 */
2050 #ifndef _WIN32
2051 		/*
2052 		 * We don't need network access, so relinquish any set-UID
2053 		 * or set-GID privileges we have (if any).
2054 		 *
2055 		 * We do *not* want set-UID privileges when opening a
2056 		 * trace file, as that might let the user read other
2057 		 * people's trace files (especially if we're set-UID
2058 		 * root).
2059 		 */
2060 		if (setgid(getgid()) != 0 || setuid(getuid()) != 0 )
2061 			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setgid/setuid failed !\n");
2062 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2063 		if (VFileName != NULL) {
2064 			if (VFileName[0] == '-' && VFileName[1] == '\0')
2065 				VFile = stdin;
2066 			else
2067 				VFile = fopen(VFileName, "r");
2068 
2069 			if (VFile == NULL)
2070 				error("Unable to open file: %s\n", pcap_strerror(errno));
2071 
2072 			ret = get_next_file(VFile, VFileLine);
2073 			if (!ret)
2074 				error("Nothing in %s\n", VFileName);
2075 			RFileName = VFileLine;
2076 		}
2077 
2078 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
2079 		pd = pcap_open_offline_with_tstamp_precision(RFileName,
2080 		    ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision, ebuf);
2081 #else
2082 		pd = pcap_open_offline(RFileName, ebuf);
2083 #endif
2084 
2085 		if (pd == NULL)
2086 			error("%s", ebuf);
2087 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2088 		cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_READ);
2089 		if (cap_rights_limit(fileno(pcap_file(pd)), &rights) < 0 &&
2090 		    errno != ENOSYS) {
2091 			error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
2092 		}
2093 #endif
2094 		dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
2095 		dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
2096 		fprintf(stderr, "reading from file %s", RFileName);
2097 		if (dlt_name == NULL) {
2098 			fprintf(stderr, ", link-type %u", dlt);
2099 		} else {
2100 			fprintf(stderr, ", link-type %s (%s)", dlt_name,
2101 				pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
2102 		}
2103 		fprintf(stderr, ", snapshot length %d\n", pcap_snapshot(pd));
2104 #ifdef DLT_LINUX_SLL2
2105 		if (dlt == DLT_LINUX_SLL2)
2106 			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: interface names might be incorrect\n");
2107 #endif
2108 	} else if (dflag && !device) {
2109 		int dump_dlt = DLT_EN10MB;
2110 		/*
2111 		 * We're dumping the compiled code without an explicit
2112 		 * device specification.  (If a device is specified, we
2113 		 * definitely want to open it to use the DLT of that device.)
2114 		 * Either default to DLT_EN10MB with a warning, or use
2115 		 * the user-specified value if supplied.
2116 		 */
2117 		/*
2118 		 * If no snapshot length was specified, or a length of 0 was
2119 		 * specified, default to 256KB.
2120 		 */
2121 		if (ndo->ndo_snaplen == 0)
2122 			ndo->ndo_snaplen = MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN;
2123 		/*
2124 		 * If a DLT was specified with the -y flag, use that instead.
2125 		 */
2126 		if (yflag_dlt != -1)
2127 			dump_dlt = yflag_dlt;
2128 		else
2129 			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: assuming Ethernet\n");
2130 	        pd = pcap_open_dead(dump_dlt, ndo->ndo_snaplen);
2131 	} else {
2132 		/*
2133 		 * We're doing a live capture.
2134 		 */
2135 		if (device == NULL) {
2136 			/*
2137 			 * No interface was specified.  Pick one.
2138 			 */
2139 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
2140 			/*
2141 			 * Find the list of interfaces, and pick
2142 			 * the first interface.
2143 			 */
2144 			if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) == -1)
2145 				error("%s", ebuf);
2146 			if (devlist == NULL)
2147 				error("no interfaces available for capture");
2148 			device = strdup(devlist->name);
2149 			pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
2150 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
2151 			/*
2152 			 * Use whatever interface pcap_lookupdev()
2153 			 * chooses.
2154 			 */
2155 			device = pcap_lookupdev(ebuf);
2156 			if (device == NULL)
2157 				error("%s", ebuf);
2158 #endif
2159 		}
2160 
2161 		/*
2162 		 * Try to open the interface with the specified name.
2163 		 */
2164 		pd = open_interface(device, ndo, ebuf);
2165 		if (pd == NULL) {
2166 			/*
2167 			 * That failed.  If we can get a list of
2168 			 * interfaces, and the interface name
2169 			 * is purely numeric, try to use it as
2170 			 * a 1-based index in the list of
2171 			 * interfaces.
2172 			 */
2173 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
2174 			devnum = parse_interface_number(device);
2175 			if (devnum == -1) {
2176 				/*
2177 				 * It's not a number; just report
2178 				 * the open error and fail.
2179 				 */
2180 				error("%s", ebuf);
2181 			}
2182 
2183 			/*
2184 			 * OK, it's a number; try to find the
2185 			 * interface with that index, and try
2186 			 * to open it.
2187 			 *
2188 			 * find_interface_by_number() exits if it
2189 			 * couldn't be found.
2190 			 */
2191 			device = find_interface_by_number(device, devnum);
2192 			pd = open_interface(device, ndo, ebuf);
2193 			if (pd == NULL)
2194 				error("%s", ebuf);
2195 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
2196 			/*
2197 			 * We can't get a list of interfaces; just
2198 			 * fail.
2199 			 */
2200 			error("%s", ebuf);
2201 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
2202 		}
2203 
2204 		/*
2205 		 * Let user own process after capture device has
2206 		 * been opened.
2207 		 */
2208 #ifndef _WIN32
2209 		if (setgid(getgid()) != 0 || setuid(getuid()) != 0)
2210 			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setgid/setuid failed !\n");
2211 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2212 #if !defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) && defined(_WIN32)
2213 		if(Bflag != 0)
2214 			if(pcap_setbuff(pd, Bflag)==-1){
2215 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2216 			}
2217 #endif /* !defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) && defined(_WIN32) */
2218 		if (Lflag)
2219 			show_dlts_and_exit(pd, device);
2220 		if (yflag_dlt >= 0) {
2221 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_DATALINK
2222 			if (pcap_set_datalink(pd, yflag_dlt) < 0)
2223 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2224 #else
2225 			/*
2226 			 * We don't actually support changing the
2227 			 * data link type, so we only let them
2228 			 * set it to what it already is.
2229 			 */
2230 			if (yflag_dlt != pcap_datalink(pd)) {
2231 				error("%s is not one of the DLTs supported by this device\n",
2232 				      yflag_dlt_name);
2233 			}
2234 #endif
2235 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: data link type %s\n",
2236 				      program_name,
2237 				      pcap_datalink_val_to_name(yflag_dlt));
2238 			(void)fflush(stderr);
2239 		}
2240 		i = pcap_snapshot(pd);
2241 		if (ndo->ndo_snaplen < i) {
2242 			if (ndo->ndo_snaplen != 0)
2243 				warning("snaplen raised from %d to %d", ndo->ndo_snaplen, i);
2244 			ndo->ndo_snaplen = i;
2245 		} else if (ndo->ndo_snaplen > i) {
2246 			warning("snaplen lowered from %d to %d", ndo->ndo_snaplen, i);
2247 			ndo->ndo_snaplen = i;
2248 		}
2249                 if(ndo->ndo_fflag != 0) {
2250                         if (pcap_lookupnet(device, &localnet, &netmask, ebuf) < 0) {
2251                                 warning("foreign (-f) flag used but: %s", ebuf);
2252                         }
2253                 }
2254 
2255 	}
2256 	if (infile)
2257 		cmdbuf = read_infile(infile);
2258 	else
2259 		cmdbuf = copy_argv(&argv[optind]);
2260 
2261 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
2262 	pcap_set_optimizer_debug(dflag);
2263 #endif
2264 	if (pcap_compile(pd, &fcode, cmdbuf, Oflag, netmask) < 0)
2265 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2266 	if (dflag) {
2267 		bpf_dump(&fcode, dflag);
2268 		pcap_close(pd);
2269 		free(cmdbuf);
2270 		pcap_freecode(&fcode);
2271 		exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
2272 	}
2273 
2274 #ifdef HAVE_CASPER
2275 	if (!ndo->ndo_nflag)
2276 		capdns = capdns_setup();
2277 #endif	/* HAVE_CASPER */
2278 
2279 	init_print(ndo, localnet, netmask);
2280 
2281 #ifndef _WIN32
2282 	(void)setsignal(SIGPIPE, cleanup);
2283 	(void)setsignal(SIGTERM, cleanup);
2284 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2285 	(void)setsignal(SIGINT, cleanup);
2286 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
2287 	(void)setsignal(SIGCHLD, child_cleanup);
2288 #endif
2289 	/* Cooperate with nohup(1) */
2290 #ifndef _WIN32
2291 	if ((oldhandler = setsignal(SIGHUP, cleanup)) != SIG_DFL)
2292 		(void)setsignal(SIGHUP, oldhandler);
2293 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2294 
2295 #ifndef _WIN32
2296 	/*
2297 	 * If a user name was specified with "-Z", attempt to switch to
2298 	 * that user's UID.  This would probably be used with sudo,
2299 	 * to allow tcpdump to be run in a special restricted
2300 	 * account (if you just want to allow users to open capture
2301 	 * devices, and can't just give users that permission,
2302 	 * you'd make tcpdump set-UID or set-GID).
2303 	 *
2304 	 * Tcpdump doesn't necessarily write only to one savefile;
2305 	 * the general only way to allow a -Z instance to write to
2306 	 * savefiles as the user under whose UID it's run, rather
2307 	 * than as the user specified with -Z, would thus be to switch
2308 	 * to the original user ID before opening a capture file and
2309 	 * then switch back to the -Z user ID after opening the savefile.
2310 	 * Switching to the -Z user ID only after opening the first
2311 	 * savefile doesn't handle the general case.
2312 	 */
2313 
2314 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
2315 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2316 		/* Initialize capng */
2317 		capng_clear(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2318 		if (username) {
2319 DIAG_OFF_ASSIGN_ENUM
2320 			capng_updatev(
2321 				CAPNG_ADD,
2322 				CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
2323 				CAP_SETUID,
2324 				CAP_SETGID,
2325 				-1);
2326 DIAG_ON_ASSIGN_ENUM
2327 		}
2328 		if (chroot_dir) {
2329 DIAG_OFF_ASSIGN_ENUM
2330 			capng_update(
2331 				CAPNG_ADD,
2332 				CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
2333 				CAP_SYS_CHROOT
2334 				);
2335 DIAG_ON_ASSIGN_ENUM
2336 		}
2337 
2338 		if (WFileName) {
2339 DIAG_OFF_ASSIGN_ENUM
2340 			capng_update(
2341 				CAPNG_ADD,
2342 				CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
2343 				CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
2344 				);
2345 DIAG_ON_ASSIGN_ENUM
2346 		}
2347 		capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2348 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2349 		if (username || chroot_dir)
2350 			droproot(username, chroot_dir);
2351 
2352 	}
2353 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2354 
2355 	if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &fcode) < 0)
2356 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2357 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2358 	if (RFileName == NULL && VFileName == NULL && pcap_fileno(pd) != -1) {
2359 		static const unsigned long cmds[] = { BIOCGSTATS, BIOCROTZBUF };
2360 
2361 		/*
2362 		 * The various libpcap devices use a combination of
2363 		 * read (bpf), ioctl (bpf, netmap), poll (netmap)
2364 		 * so we add the relevant access rights.
2365 		 */
2366 		cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_IOCTL, CAP_READ, CAP_EVENT);
2367 		if (cap_rights_limit(pcap_fileno(pd), &rights) < 0 &&
2368 		    errno != ENOSYS) {
2369 			error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
2370 		}
2371 		if (cap_ioctls_limit(pcap_fileno(pd), cmds,
2372 		    sizeof(cmds) / sizeof(cmds[0])) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
2373 			error("unable to limit ioctls on pcap descriptor");
2374 		}
2375 	}
2376 #endif
2377 	if (WFileName) {
2378 		/* Do not exceed the default PATH_MAX for files. */
2379 		dumpinfo.CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
2380 
2381 		if (dumpinfo.CurrentFileName == NULL)
2382 			error("malloc of dumpinfo.CurrentFileName");
2383 
2384 		/* We do not need numbering for dumpfiles if Cflag isn't set. */
2385 		if (Cflag != 0)
2386 		  MakeFilename(dumpinfo.CurrentFileName, WFileName, 0, WflagChars);
2387 		else
2388 		  MakeFilename(dumpinfo.CurrentFileName, WFileName, 0, 0);
2389 
2390 		pdd = pcap_dump_open(pd, dumpinfo.CurrentFileName);
2391 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2392 		/* Give up CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability.
2393 		 * Only allow it to be restored if the -C or -G flag have been
2394 		 * set since we may need to create more files later on.
2395 		 */
2396 		capng_update(
2397 			CAPNG_DROP,
2398 			(Cflag || Gflag ? 0 : CAPNG_PERMITTED)
2399 				| CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
2400 			CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
2401 			);
2402 		capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2403 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2404 		if (pdd == NULL)
2405 			error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2406 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2407 		set_dumper_capsicum_rights(pdd);
2408 #endif
2409 		if (Cflag != 0 || Gflag != 0) {
2410 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2411 			/*
2412 			 * basename() and dirname() may modify their input buffer
2413 			 * and they do since FreeBSD 12.0, but they didn't before.
2414 			 * Hence use the return value only, but always assume the
2415 			 * input buffer has been modified and would need to be
2416 			 * reset before the next use.
2417 			 */
2418 			char *WFileName_copy;
2419 
2420 			if ((WFileName_copy = strdup(WFileName)) == NULL) {
2421 				error("Unable to allocate memory for file %s",
2422 				    WFileName);
2423 			}
2424 			DIAG_OFF_C11_EXTENSIONS
2425 			dumpinfo.WFileName = strdup(basename(WFileName_copy));
2426 			DIAG_ON_C11_EXTENSIONS
2427 			if (dumpinfo.WFileName == NULL) {
2428 				error("Unable to allocate memory for file %s",
2429 				    WFileName);
2430 			}
2431 			free(WFileName_copy);
2432 
2433 			if ((WFileName_copy = strdup(WFileName)) == NULL) {
2434 				error("Unable to allocate memory for file %s",
2435 				    WFileName);
2436 			}
2437 			DIAG_OFF_C11_EXTENSIONS
2438 			char *WFileName_dirname = dirname(WFileName_copy);
2439 			DIAG_ON_C11_EXTENSIONS
2440 			dumpinfo.dirfd = open(WFileName_dirname,
2441 			    O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
2442 			if (dumpinfo.dirfd < 0) {
2443 				error("unable to open directory %s",
2444 				    WFileName_dirname);
2445 			}
2446 			free(WFileName_dirname);
2447 			free(WFileName_copy);
2448 
2449 			cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_CREATE, CAP_FCNTL,
2450 			    CAP_FTRUNCATE, CAP_LOOKUP, CAP_SEEK, CAP_WRITE);
2451 			if (cap_rights_limit(dumpinfo.dirfd, &rights) < 0 &&
2452 			    errno != ENOSYS) {
2453 				error("unable to limit directory rights");
2454 			}
2455 			if (cap_fcntls_limit(dumpinfo.dirfd, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL) < 0 &&
2456 			    errno != ENOSYS) {
2457 				error("unable to limit dump descriptor fcntls");
2458 			}
2459 #else	/* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2460 			dumpinfo.WFileName = WFileName;
2461 #endif
2462 			callback = dump_packet_and_trunc;
2463 			dumpinfo.pd = pd;
2464 			dumpinfo.pdd = pdd;
2465 			pcap_userdata = (u_char *)&dumpinfo;
2466 		} else {
2467 			callback = dump_packet;
2468 			dumpinfo.WFileName = WFileName;
2469 			dumpinfo.pd = pd;
2470 			dumpinfo.pdd = pdd;
2471 			pcap_userdata = (u_char *)&dumpinfo;
2472 		}
2473 		if (print) {
2474 			dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
2475 			ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(dlt);
2476 			dumpinfo.ndo = ndo;
2477 		} else
2478 			dumpinfo.ndo = NULL;
2479 
2480 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
2481 		if (Uflag)
2482 			pcap_dump_flush(pdd);
2483 #endif
2484 	} else {
2485 		dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
2486 		ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(dlt);
2487 		callback = print_packet;
2488 		pcap_userdata = (u_char *)ndo;
2489 	}
2490 
2491 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
2492 	/*
2493 	 * We can't get statistics when reading from a file rather
2494 	 * than capturing from a device.
2495 	 */
2496 	if (RFileName == NULL)
2497 		(void)setsignal(SIGNAL_REQ_INFO, requestinfo);
2498 #endif
2499 #ifdef SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP
2500 	(void)setsignal(SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP, flushpcap);
2501 #endif
2502 
2503 	if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 0 && WFileName && RFileName == NULL && !print) {
2504 		/*
2505 		 * When capturing to a file, if "--print" wasn't specified,
2506 		 *"-v" means tcpdump should, once per second,
2507 		 * "v"erbosely report the number of packets captured.
2508 		 * Except when reading from a file, because -r, -w and -v
2509 		 * together used to make a corner case, in which pcap_loop()
2510 		 * errored due to EINTR (see GH #155 for details).
2511 		 */
2512 #ifdef _WIN32
2513 		/*
2514 		 * https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20151230-00/?p=92741
2515 		 *
2516 		 * suggests that this dates back to W2K.
2517 		 *
2518 		 * I don't know what a "long wait" is, but we'll assume
2519 		 * that printing the stats could be a "long wait".
2520 		 */
2521 		CreateTimerQueueTimer(&timer_handle, NULL,
2522 		    verbose_stats_dump, NULL, 1000, 1000,
2523 		    WT_EXECUTEDEFAULT|WT_EXECUTELONGFUNCTION);
2524 		setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
2525 #else /* _WIN32 */
2526 		/*
2527 		 * Assume this is UN*X, and that it has setitimer(); that
2528 		 * dates back to UNIX 95.
2529 		 */
2530 		struct itimerval timer;
2531 		(void)setsignal(SIGALRM, verbose_stats_dump);
2532 		timer.it_interval.tv_sec = 1;
2533 		timer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
2534 		timer.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
2535 		timer.it_value.tv_usec = 1;
2536 		setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &timer, NULL);
2537 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2538 	}
2539 
2540 	if (RFileName == NULL) {
2541 		/*
2542 		 * Live capture (if -V was specified, we set RFileName
2543 		 * to a file from the -V file).  Print a message to
2544 		 * the standard error on UN*X.
2545 		 */
2546 		if (!ndo->ndo_vflag && !WFileName) {
2547 			(void)fprintf(stderr,
2548 			    "%s: verbose output suppressed, use -v[v]... for full protocol decode\n",
2549 			    program_name);
2550 		} else
2551 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
2552 		dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
2553 		dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
2554 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "listening on %s", device);
2555 		if (dlt_name == NULL) {
2556 			(void)fprintf(stderr, ", link-type %u", dlt);
2557 		} else {
2558 			(void)fprintf(stderr, ", link-type %s (%s)", dlt_name,
2559 				      pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
2560 		}
2561 		(void)fprintf(stderr, ", snapshot length %d bytes\n", ndo->ndo_snaplen);
2562 		(void)fflush(stderr);
2563 	}
2564 
2565 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2566 	cansandbox = (VFileName == NULL && zflag == NULL &&
2567 	    ndo->ndo_espsecret == NULL);
2568 #ifdef HAVE_CASPER
2569 	cansandbox = (cansandbox && (ndo->ndo_nflag || capdns != NULL));
2570 #else
2571 	cansandbox = (cansandbox && ndo->ndo_nflag);
2572 #endif	/* HAVE_CASPER */
2573 	cansandbox = (cansandbox && (pcap_fileno(pd) != -1 ||
2574 	    RFileName != NULL));
2575 
2576 	if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
2577 		error("unable to enter the capability mode");
2578 #endif	/* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2579 
2580 	do {
2581 		status = pcap_loop(pd, cnt, callback, pcap_userdata);
2582 		if (WFileName == NULL) {
2583 			/*
2584 			 * We're printing packets.  Flush the printed output,
2585 			 * so it doesn't get intermingled with error output.
2586 			 */
2587 			if (status == -2) {
2588 				/*
2589 				 * We got interrupted, so perhaps we didn't
2590 				 * manage to finish a line we were printing.
2591 				 * Print an extra newline, just in case.
2592 				 */
2593 				putchar('\n');
2594 			}
2595 			(void)fflush(stdout);
2596 		}
2597                 if (status == -2) {
2598 			/*
2599 			 * We got interrupted. If we are reading multiple
2600 			 * files (via -V) set these so that we stop.
2601 			 */
2602 			VFileName = NULL;
2603 			ret = NULL;
2604 		}
2605 		if (status == -1) {
2606 			/*
2607 			 * Error.  Report it.
2608 			 */
2609 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: pcap_loop: %s\n",
2610 			    program_name, pcap_geterr(pd));
2611 		}
2612 		if (RFileName == NULL) {
2613 			/*
2614 			 * We're doing a live capture.  Report the capture
2615 			 * statistics.
2616 			 */
2617 			info(1);
2618 		}
2619 		pcap_close(pd);
2620 		if (VFileName != NULL) {
2621 			ret = get_next_file(VFile, VFileLine);
2622 			if (ret) {
2623 				int new_dlt;
2624 
2625 				RFileName = VFileLine;
2626 				pd = pcap_open_offline(RFileName, ebuf);
2627 				if (pd == NULL)
2628 					error("%s", ebuf);
2629 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2630 				cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_READ);
2631 				if (cap_rights_limit(fileno(pcap_file(pd)),
2632 				    &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
2633 					error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
2634 				}
2635 #endif
2636 				new_dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
2637 				if (new_dlt != dlt) {
2638 					/*
2639 					 * The new file has a different
2640 					 * link-layer header type from the
2641 					 * previous one.
2642 					 */
2643 					if (WFileName != NULL) {
2644 						/*
2645 						 * We're writing raw packets
2646 						 * that match the filter to
2647 						 * a pcap file.  pcap files
2648 						 * don't support multiple
2649 						 * different link-layer
2650 						 * header types, so we fail
2651 						 * here.
2652 						 */
2653 						error("%s: new dlt does not match original", RFileName);
2654 					}
2655 
2656 					/*
2657 					 * We're printing the decoded packets;
2658 					 * switch to the new DLT.
2659 					 *
2660 					 * To do that, we need to change
2661 					 * the printer, change the DLT name,
2662 					 * and recompile the filter with
2663 					 * the new DLT.
2664 					 */
2665 					dlt = new_dlt;
2666 					ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(dlt);
2667 					if (pcap_compile(pd, &fcode, cmdbuf, Oflag, netmask) < 0)
2668 						error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2669 				}
2670 
2671 				/*
2672 				 * Set the filter on the new file.
2673 				 */
2674 				if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &fcode) < 0)
2675 					error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2676 
2677 				/*
2678 				 * Report the new file.
2679 				 */
2680 				dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
2681 				fprintf(stderr, "reading from file %s", RFileName);
2682 				if (dlt_name == NULL) {
2683 					fprintf(stderr, ", link-type %u", dlt);
2684 				} else {
2685 					fprintf(stderr, ", link-type %s (%s)",
2686 						dlt_name,
2687 						pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
2688 				}
2689 				fprintf(stderr, ", snapshot length %d\n", pcap_snapshot(pd));
2690 			}
2691 		}
2692 	}
2693 	while (ret != NULL);
2694 
2695 	if (count_mode && RFileName != NULL)
2696 		fprintf(stdout, "%u packet%s\n", packets_captured,
2697 			PLURAL_SUFFIX(packets_captured));
2698 
2699 	free(cmdbuf);
2700 	pcap_freecode(&fcode);
2701 	exit_tcpdump(status == -1 ? S_ERR_HOST_PROGRAM : S_SUCCESS);
2702 }
2703 
2704 /*
2705  * Catch a signal.
2706  */
2707 static void
2708 (*setsignal (int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int)
2709 {
2710 #ifdef _WIN32
2711 	return (signal(sig, func));
2712 #else
2713 	struct sigaction old, new;
2714 
2715 	memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
2716 	new.sa_handler = func;
2717 	if ((sig == SIGCHLD)
2718 # ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
2719 		|| (sig == SIGNAL_REQ_INFO)
2720 # endif
2721 # ifdef SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP
2722 		|| (sig == SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP)
2723 # endif
2724 		)
2725 		new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2726 	if (sigaction(sig, &new, &old) < 0)
2727 		return (SIG_ERR);
2728 	return (old.sa_handler);
2729 #endif
2730 }
2731 
2732 /* make a clean exit on interrupts */
2733 static void
2734 cleanup(int signo _U_)
2735 {
2736 #ifdef _WIN32
2737 	if (timer_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
2738 		DeleteTimerQueueTimer(NULL, timer_handle, NULL);
2739 		CloseHandle(timer_handle);
2740 		timer_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
2741         }
2742 #else /* _WIN32 */
2743 	struct itimerval timer;
2744 
2745 	timer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
2746 	timer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
2747 	timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
2748 	timer.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
2749 	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &timer, NULL);
2750 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2751 
2752 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_BREAKLOOP
2753 	/*
2754 	 * We have "pcap_breakloop()"; use it, so that we do as little
2755 	 * as possible in the signal handler (it's probably not safe
2756 	 * to do anything with standard I/O streams in a signal handler -
2757 	 * the ANSI C standard doesn't say it is).
2758 	 */
2759 	pcap_breakloop(pd);
2760 #else
2761 	/*
2762 	 * We don't have "pcap_breakloop()"; this isn't safe, but
2763 	 * it's the best we can do.  Print the summary if we're
2764 	 * not reading from a savefile - i.e., if we're doing a
2765 	 * live capture - and exit.
2766 	 */
2767 	if (pd != NULL && pcap_file(pd) == NULL) {
2768 		/*
2769 		 * We got interrupted, so perhaps we didn't
2770 		 * manage to finish a line we were printing.
2771 		 * Print an extra newline, just in case.
2772 		 */
2773 		putchar('\n');
2774 		(void)fflush(stdout);
2775 		info(1);
2776 	}
2777 	exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
2778 #endif
2779 }
2780 
2781 /*
2782   On windows, we do not use a fork, so we do not care less about
2783   waiting a child processes to die
2784  */
2785 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
2786 static void
2787 child_cleanup(int signo _U_)
2788 {
2789   wait(NULL);
2790 }
2791 #endif /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2792 
2793 static void
2794 info(int verbose)
2795 {
2796 	struct pcap_stat stats;
2797 
2798 	/*
2799 	 * Older versions of libpcap didn't set ps_ifdrop on some
2800 	 * platforms; initialize it to 0 to handle that.
2801 	 */
2802 	stats.ps_ifdrop = 0;
2803 	if (pcap_stats(pd, &stats) < 0) {
2804 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "pcap_stats: %s\n", pcap_geterr(pd));
2805 		infoprint = 0;
2806 		return;
2807 	}
2808 
2809 	if (!verbose)
2810 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
2811 
2812 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s captured", packets_captured,
2813 	    PLURAL_SUFFIX(packets_captured));
2814 	if (!verbose)
2815 		fputs(", ", stderr);
2816 	else
2817 		putc('\n', stderr);
2818 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s received by filter", stats.ps_recv,
2819 	    PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_recv));
2820 	if (!verbose)
2821 		fputs(", ", stderr);
2822 	else
2823 		putc('\n', stderr);
2824 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s dropped by kernel", stats.ps_drop,
2825 	    PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_drop));
2826 	if (stats.ps_ifdrop != 0) {
2827 		if (!verbose)
2828 			fputs(", ", stderr);
2829 		else
2830 			putc('\n', stderr);
2831 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s dropped by interface\n",
2832 		    stats.ps_ifdrop, PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_ifdrop));
2833 	} else
2834 		putc('\n', stderr);
2835 	infoprint = 0;
2836 }
2837 
2838 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
2839 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
2840 #define fork_subprocess() fork()
2841 #else
2842 #define fork_subprocess() vfork()
2843 #endif
2844 static void
2845 compress_savefile(const char *filename)
2846 {
2847 	pid_t child;
2848 
2849 	child = fork_subprocess();
2850 	if (child == -1) {
2851 		fprintf(stderr,
2852 			"compress_savefile: fork failed: %s\n",
2853 			pcap_strerror(errno));
2854 		return;
2855 	}
2856 	if (child != 0) {
2857 		/* Parent process. */
2858 		return;
2859 	}
2860 
2861 	/*
2862 	 * Child process.
2863 	 * Set to lowest priority so that this doesn't disturb the capture.
2864 	 */
2865 #ifdef NZERO
2866 	setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, NZERO - 1);
2867 #else
2868 	setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 19);
2869 #endif
2870 	if (execlp(zflag, zflag, filename, (char *)NULL) == -1)
2871 		fprintf(stderr,
2872 			"compress_savefile: execlp(%s, %s) failed: %s\n",
2873 			zflag,
2874 			filename,
2875 			pcap_strerror(errno));
2876 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
2877 	exit(S_ERR_HOST_PROGRAM);
2878 #else
2879 	_exit(S_ERR_HOST_PROGRAM);
2880 #endif
2881 }
2882 #else  /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2883 static void
2884 compress_savefile(const char *filename)
2885 {
2886 	fprintf(stderr,
2887 		"compress_savefile failed. Functionality not implemented under your system\n");
2888 }
2889 #endif /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2890 
2891 static void
2892 dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2893 {
2894 	struct dump_info *dump_info;
2895 
2896 	++packets_captured;
2897 
2898 	++infodelay;
2899 
2900 	dump_info = (struct dump_info *)user;
2901 
2902 	/*
2903 	 * XXX - this won't force the file to rotate on the specified time
2904 	 * boundary, but it will rotate on the first packet received after the
2905 	 * specified Gflag number of seconds. Note: if a Gflag time boundary
2906 	 * and a Cflag size boundary coincide, the time rotation will occur
2907 	 * first thereby cancelling the Cflag boundary (since the file should
2908 	 * be 0).
2909 	 */
2910 	if (Gflag != 0) {
2911 		/* Check if it is time to rotate */
2912 		time_t t;
2913 
2914 		/* Get the current time */
2915 		if ((t = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) {
2916 			error("%s: can't get current_time: %s",
2917 			    __func__, pcap_strerror(errno));
2918 		}
2919 
2920 
2921 		/* If the time is greater than the specified window, rotate */
2922 		if (t - Gflag_time >= Gflag) {
2923 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2924 			FILE *fp;
2925 			int fd;
2926 #endif
2927 
2928 			/* Update the Gflag_time */
2929 			Gflag_time = t;
2930 			/* Update Gflag_count */
2931 			Gflag_count++;
2932 			/*
2933 			 * Close the current file and open a new one.
2934 			 */
2935 			pcap_dump_close(dump_info->pdd);
2936 
2937 			/*
2938 			 * Compress the file we just closed, if the user asked for it
2939 			 */
2940 			if (zflag != NULL)
2941 				compress_savefile(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2942 
2943 			/*
2944 			 * Check to see if we've exceeded the Wflag (when
2945 			 * not using Cflag).
2946 			 */
2947 			if (Cflag == 0 && Wflag > 0 && Gflag_count >= Wflag) {
2948 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "Maximum file limit reached: %d\n",
2949 				    Wflag);
2950 				info(1);
2951 				exit_tcpdump(S_SUCCESS);
2952 				/* NOTREACHED */
2953 			}
2954 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName != NULL)
2955 				free(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2956 			/* Allocate space for max filename + \0. */
2957 			dump_info->CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
2958 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName == NULL)
2959 				error("dump_packet_and_trunc: malloc");
2960 			/*
2961 			 * Gflag was set otherwise we wouldn't be here. Reset the count
2962 			 * so multiple files would end with 1,2,3 in the filename.
2963 			 * The counting is handled with the -C flow after this.
2964 			 */
2965 			Cflag_count = 0;
2966 
2967 			/*
2968 			 * This is always the first file in the Cflag
2969 			 * rotation: e.g. 0
2970 			 * We also don't need numbering if Cflag is not set.
2971 			 */
2972 			if (Cflag != 0)
2973 				MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, 0,
2974 				    WflagChars);
2975 			else
2976 				MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, 0, 0);
2977 
2978 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2979 			capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2980 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2981 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2982 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2983 			fd = openat(dump_info->dirfd,
2984 			    dump_info->CurrentFileName,
2985 			    O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2986 			if (fd < 0) {
2987 				error("unable to open file %s",
2988 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2989 			}
2990 			fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
2991 			if (fp == NULL) {
2992 				error("unable to fdopen file %s",
2993 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2994 			}
2995 			dump_info->pdd = pcap_dump_fopen(dump_info->pd, fp);
2996 #else	/* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2997 			dump_info->pdd = pcap_dump_open(dump_info->pd, dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2998 #endif
2999 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
3000 			capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
3001 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
3002 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
3003 			if (dump_info->pdd == NULL)
3004 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
3005 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
3006 			set_dumper_capsicum_rights(dump_info->pdd);
3007 #endif
3008 		}
3009 	}
3010 
3011 	/*
3012 	 * XXX - this won't prevent capture files from getting
3013 	 * larger than Cflag - the last packet written to the
3014 	 * file could put it over Cflag.
3015 	 */
3016 	if (Cflag != 0) {
3017 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FTELL64
3018 		int64_t size = pcap_dump_ftell64(dump_info->pdd);
3019 #else
3020 		/*
3021 		 * XXX - this only handles a Cflag value > 2^31-1 on
3022 		 * LP64 platforms; to handle ILP32 (32-bit UN*X and
3023 		 * Windows) or LLP64 (64-bit Windows) would require
3024 		 * a version of libpcap with pcap_dump_ftell64().
3025 		 */
3026 		long size = pcap_dump_ftell(dump_info->pdd);
3027 #endif
3028 
3029 		if (size == -1)
3030 			error("ftell fails on output file");
3031 		if (size > Cflag) {
3032 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
3033 			FILE *fp;
3034 			int fd;
3035 #endif
3036 
3037 			/*
3038 			 * Close the current file and open a new one.
3039 			 */
3040 			pcap_dump_close(dump_info->pdd);
3041 
3042 			/*
3043 			 * Compress the file we just closed, if the user
3044 			 * asked for it.
3045 			 */
3046 			if (zflag != NULL)
3047 				compress_savefile(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
3048 
3049 			Cflag_count++;
3050 			if (Wflag > 0) {
3051 				if (Cflag_count >= Wflag)
3052 					Cflag_count = 0;
3053 			}
3054 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName != NULL)
3055 				free(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
3056 			dump_info->CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
3057 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName == NULL)
3058 				error("%s: malloc", __func__);
3059 			MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, Cflag_count, WflagChars);
3060 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
3061 			capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
3062 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
3063 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
3064 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
3065 			fd = openat(dump_info->dirfd, dump_info->CurrentFileName,
3066 			    O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);
3067 			if (fd < 0) {
3068 				error("unable to open file %s",
3069 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
3070 			}
3071 			fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
3072 			if (fp == NULL) {
3073 				error("unable to fdopen file %s",
3074 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
3075 			}
3076 			dump_info->pdd = pcap_dump_fopen(dump_info->pd, fp);
3077 #else	/* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
3078 			dump_info->pdd = pcap_dump_open(dump_info->pd, dump_info->CurrentFileName);
3079 #endif
3080 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
3081 			capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
3082 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
3083 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
3084 			if (dump_info->pdd == NULL)
3085 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
3086 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
3087 			set_dumper_capsicum_rights(dump_info->pdd);
3088 #endif
3089 		}
3090 	}
3091 
3092 	pcap_dump((u_char *)dump_info->pdd, h, sp);
3093 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
3094 	if (Uflag)
3095 		pcap_dump_flush(dump_info->pdd);
3096 #endif
3097 
3098 	if (dump_info->ndo != NULL)
3099 		pretty_print_packet(dump_info->ndo, h, sp, packets_captured);
3100 
3101 	--infodelay;
3102 	if (infoprint)
3103 		info(0);
3104 }
3105 
3106 static void
3107 dump_packet(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
3108 {
3109 	struct dump_info *dump_info;
3110 
3111 	++packets_captured;
3112 
3113 	++infodelay;
3114 
3115 	dump_info = (struct dump_info *)user;
3116 
3117 	pcap_dump((u_char *)dump_info->pdd, h, sp);
3118 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
3119 	if (Uflag)
3120 		pcap_dump_flush(dump_info->pdd);
3121 #endif
3122 
3123 	if (dump_info->ndo != NULL)
3124 		pretty_print_packet(dump_info->ndo, h, sp, packets_captured);
3125 
3126 	--infodelay;
3127 	if (infoprint)
3128 		info(0);
3129 }
3130 
3131 static void
3132 print_packet(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
3133 {
3134 	++packets_captured;
3135 
3136 	++infodelay;
3137 
3138 	if (!count_mode)
3139 		pretty_print_packet((netdissect_options *)user, h, sp, packets_captured);
3140 
3141 	--infodelay;
3142 	if (infoprint)
3143 		info(0);
3144 }
3145 
3146 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
3147 static void
3148 requestinfo(int signo _U_)
3149 {
3150 	if (infodelay)
3151 		++infoprint;
3152 	else
3153 		info(0);
3154 }
3155 #endif
3156 
3157 #ifdef SIGNAL_FLUSH_PCAP
3158 static void
3159 flushpcap(int signo _U_)
3160 {
3161 	if (pdd != NULL)
3162 		pcap_dump_flush(pdd);
3163 }
3164 #endif
3165 
3166 static void
3167 print_packets_captured (void)
3168 {
3169 	static u_int prev_packets_captured, first = 1;
3170 
3171 	if (infodelay == 0 && (first || packets_captured != prev_packets_captured)) {
3172 		fprintf(stderr, "Got %u\r", packets_captured);
3173 		first = 0;
3174 		prev_packets_captured = packets_captured;
3175 	}
3176 }
3177 
3178 /*
3179  * Called once each second in verbose mode while dumping to file
3180  */
3181 #ifdef _WIN32
3182 static void CALLBACK verbose_stats_dump(PVOID param _U_,
3183     BOOLEAN timer_fired _U_)
3184 {
3185 	print_packets_captured();
3186 }
3187 #else /* _WIN32 */
3188 static void verbose_stats_dump(int sig _U_)
3189 {
3190 	print_packets_captured();
3191 }
3192 #endif /* _WIN32 */
3193 
3194 DIAG_OFF_DEPRECATION
3195 static void
3196 print_version(FILE *f)
3197 {
3198 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION
3199   #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_VERSION
3200 	extern char pcap_version[];
3201   #else /* HAVE_PCAP_VERSION */
3202 	static char pcap_version[] = "unknown";
3203   #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_VERSION */
3204 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
3205 	const char *smi_version_string;
3206 
3207 	(void)fprintf(f, "%s version " PACKAGE_VERSION "\n", program_name);
3208 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION
3209 	(void)fprintf(f, "%s\n", pcap_lib_version());
3210 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
3211 	(void)fprintf(f, "libpcap version %s\n", pcap_version);
3212 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
3213 
3214 #if defined(HAVE_LIBCRYPTO) && defined(SSLEAY_VERSION)
3215 	(void)fprintf (f, "%s\n", SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
3216 #endif
3217 
3218 	smi_version_string = nd_smi_version_string();
3219 	if (smi_version_string != NULL)
3220 		(void)fprintf (f, "SMI-library: %s\n", smi_version_string);
3221 
3222 #if defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__)
3223 	(void)fprintf (f, "Compiled with AddressSanitizer/GCC.\n");
3224 #elif defined(__has_feature)
3225 #  if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
3226 	(void)fprintf (f, "Compiled with AddressSanitizer/Clang.\n");
3227 #  elif __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
3228 	(void)fprintf (f, "Compiled with MemorySanitizer/Clang.\n");
3229 #  endif
3230 #endif /* __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ or __has_feature */
3231 }
3232 DIAG_ON_DEPRECATION
3233 
3234 static void
3235 print_usage(FILE *f)
3236 {
3237 	print_version(f);
3238 	(void)fprintf(f,
3239 "Usage: %s [-Abd" D_FLAG "efhH" I_FLAG J_FLAG "KlLnNOpqStu" U_FLAG "vxX#]" B_FLAG_USAGE " [ -c count ] [--count]\n", program_name);
3240 	(void)fprintf(f,
3241 "\t\t[ -C file_size ] [ -E algo:secret ] [ -F file ] [ -G seconds ]\n");
3242 	(void)fprintf(f,
3243 "\t\t[ -i interface ]" IMMEDIATE_MODE_USAGE j_FLAG_USAGE "\n");
3244 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS_EX
3245 	(void)fprintf(f,
3246 "\t\t" LIST_REMOTE_INTERFACES_USAGE "\n");
3247 #endif
3248 #ifdef USE_LIBSMI
3249 	(void)fprintf(f,
3250 "\t\t" m_FLAG_USAGE "\n");
3251 #endif
3252 	(void)fprintf(f,
3253 "\t\t[ -M secret ] [ --number ] [ --print ]" Q_FLAG_USAGE "\n");
3254 	(void)fprintf(f,
3255 "\t\t[ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] [ -T type ] [ --version ]\n");
3256 	(void)fprintf(f,
3257 "\t\t[ -V file ] [ -w file ] [ -W filecount ] [ -y datalinktype ]\n");
3258 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
3259 	(void)fprintf(f,
3260 "\t\t[ --time-stamp-precision precision ] [ --micro ] [ --nano ]\n");
3261 #endif
3262 	(void)fprintf(f,
3263 "\t\t[ -z postrotate-command ] [ -Z user ] [ expression ]\n");
3264 }
3265