xref: /freebsd/contrib/tcpdump/print-bgp.c (revision 7a7741af18d6c8a804cc643cb7ecda9d730c6aa6)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 1999 WIDE Project.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  * Extensively modified by Hannes Gredler (hannes@gredler.at) for more
30  * complete BGP support.
31  */
32 
33 /* \summary: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) printer */
34 
35 /* specification: RFC 4271 */
36 
37 #include <config.h>
38 
39 #include "netdissect-stdinc.h"
40 
41 #include <stdio.h>
42 #include <string.h>
43 
44 #include "netdissect.h"
45 #include "addrtoname.h"
46 #include "extract.h"
47 #include "af.h"
48 #include "l2vpn.h"
49 
50 struct bgp {
51     nd_byte     bgp_marker[16];
52     nd_uint16_t bgp_len;
53     nd_uint8_t  bgp_type;
54 };
55 #define BGP_SIZE        19    /* unaligned */
56 
57 #define BGP_OPEN                1
58 #define BGP_UPDATE              2
59 #define BGP_NOTIFICATION        3
60 #define BGP_KEEPALIVE           4
61 #define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH       5
62 
63 static const struct tok bgp_msg_values[] = {
64     { BGP_OPEN,                 "Open"},
65     { BGP_UPDATE,               "Update"},
66     { BGP_NOTIFICATION,         "Notification"},
67     { BGP_KEEPALIVE,            "Keepalive"},
68     { BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH,        "Route Refresh"},
69     { 0, NULL}
70 };
71 
72 struct bgp_open {
73     nd_byte     bgpo_marker[16];
74     nd_uint16_t bgpo_len;
75     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_type;
76     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_version;
77     nd_uint16_t bgpo_myas;
78     nd_uint16_t bgpo_holdtime;
79     nd_uint32_t bgpo_id;
80     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_optlen;
81     /* options should follow */
82 };
83 #define BGP_OPEN_SIZE        29    /* unaligned */
84 
85 struct bgp_opt {
86     nd_uint8_t bgpopt_type;
87     nd_uint8_t bgpopt_len;
88     /* variable length */
89 };
90 #define BGP_OPT_SIZE           2    /* some compilers may pad to 4 bytes */
91 #define BGP_CAP_HEADER_SIZE    2    /* some compilers may pad to 4 bytes */
92 
93 struct bgp_notification {
94     nd_byte     bgpn_marker[16];
95     nd_uint16_t bgpn_len;
96     nd_uint8_t  bgpn_type;
97     nd_uint8_t  bgpn_major;
98     nd_uint8_t  bgpn_minor;
99 };
100 #define BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE        21    /* unaligned */
101 
102 struct bgp_route_refresh {
103     nd_byte     bgp_marker[16];
104     nd_uint16_t len;
105     nd_uint8_t  type;   /* No padding after this; afi is, in fact, not aligned */
106     nd_uint16_t afi;
107     nd_uint8_t  res;
108     nd_uint8_t  safi;
109 };
110 #define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE          23
111 
112 #define bgp_attr_lenlen(flags, p) \
113     (((flags) & 0x10) ? 2U : 1U)
114 #define bgp_attr_len(flags, p) \
115     (((flags) & 0x10) ? GET_BE_U_2(p) : GET_U_1(p))
116 
117 #define BGPTYPE_ORIGIN                   1
118 #define BGPTYPE_AS_PATH                  2
119 #define BGPTYPE_NEXT_HOP                 3
120 #define BGPTYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC          4
121 #define BGPTYPE_LOCAL_PREF               5
122 #define BGPTYPE_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE         6
123 #define BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR               7
124 #define BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES              8    /* RFC1997 */
125 #define BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID            9    /* RFC4456 */
126 #define BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST            10    /* RFC4456 */
127 #define BGPTYPE_DPA                     11    /* deprecated, draft-ietf-idr-bgp-dpa */
128 #define BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS             12    /* deprecated RFC1863 */
129 #define BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH               13    /* deprecated RFC1863 */
130 #define BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI           14    /* RFC4760 */
131 #define BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI         15    /* RFC4760 */
132 #define BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES        16    /* RFC4360 */
133 #define BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH                17    /* RFC6793 */
134 #define BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR4             18    /* RFC6793 */
135 #define BGPTYPE_PMSI_TUNNEL             22    /* RFC6514 */
136 #define BGPTYPE_TUNNEL_ENCAP            23    /* RFC5512 */
137 #define BGPTYPE_TRAFFIC_ENG             24    /* RFC5543 */
138 #define BGPTYPE_IPV6_EXTD_COMMUNITIES   25    /* RFC5701 */
139 #define BGPTYPE_AIGP                    26    /* RFC7311 */
140 #define BGPTYPE_PE_DISTINGUISHER_LABEL  27    /* RFC6514 */
141 #define BGPTYPE_ENTROPY_LABEL           28    /* RFC6790 */
142 #define BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY         32    /* draft-ietf-idr-large-community-05 */
143 #define BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET               128    /* RFC6368 */
144 
145 #define BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE              3    /* End of RIB Marker detection */
146 
147 static const struct tok bgp_attr_values[] = {
148     { BGPTYPE_ORIGIN,           "Origin"},
149     { BGPTYPE_AS_PATH,          "AS Path"},
150     { BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH,         "AS4 Path"},
151     { BGPTYPE_NEXT_HOP,         "Next Hop"},
152     { BGPTYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC,  "Multi Exit Discriminator"},
153     { BGPTYPE_LOCAL_PREF,       "Local Preference"},
154     { BGPTYPE_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE, "Atomic Aggregate"},
155     { BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR,       "Aggregator"},
156     { BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR4,      "Aggregator4"},
157     { BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES,      "Community"},
158     { BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID,    "Originator ID"},
159     { BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST,     "Cluster List"},
160     { BGPTYPE_DPA,              "DPA"},
161     { BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS,      "Advertisers"},
162     { BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH,        "RCID Path / Cluster ID"},
163     { BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI,    "Multi-Protocol Reach NLRI"},
164     { BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI,  "Multi-Protocol Unreach NLRI"},
165     { BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES, "Extended Community"},
166     { BGPTYPE_PMSI_TUNNEL,      "PMSI Tunnel"},
167     { BGPTYPE_TUNNEL_ENCAP,     "Tunnel Encapsulation"},
168     { BGPTYPE_TRAFFIC_ENG,      "Traffic Engineering"},
169     { BGPTYPE_IPV6_EXTD_COMMUNITIES, "IPv6 Extended Community"},
170     { BGPTYPE_AIGP,             "Accumulated IGP Metric"},
171     { BGPTYPE_PE_DISTINGUISHER_LABEL, "PE Distinguisher Label"},
172     { BGPTYPE_ENTROPY_LABEL,    "Entropy Label"},
173     { BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY,  "Large Community"},
174     { BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET,         "Attribute Set"},
175     { 255,                      "Reserved for development"},
176     { 0, NULL}
177 };
178 
179 #define BGP_AS_SET             1
180 #define BGP_AS_SEQUENCE        2
181 #define BGP_CONFED_AS_SEQUENCE 3 /* draft-ietf-idr-rfc3065bis-01 */
182 #define BGP_CONFED_AS_SET      4 /* draft-ietf-idr-rfc3065bis-01  */
183 
184 #define BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MIN    BGP_AS_SET
185 #define BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MAX    BGP_CONFED_AS_SET
186 
187 static const struct tok bgp_as_path_segment_open_values[] = {
188     { BGP_AS_SEQUENCE,         ""},
189     { BGP_AS_SET,              "{ "},
190     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SEQUENCE,  "( "},
191     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SET,       "({ "},
192     { 0, NULL}
193 };
194 
195 static const struct tok bgp_as_path_segment_close_values[] = {
196     { BGP_AS_SEQUENCE,         ""},
197     { BGP_AS_SET,              "}"},
198     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SEQUENCE,  ")"},
199     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SET,       "})"},
200     { 0, NULL}
201 };
202 
203 #define BGP_OPT_AUTH                    1
204 #define BGP_OPT_CAP                     2
205 
206 static const struct tok bgp_opt_values[] = {
207     { BGP_OPT_AUTH,             "Authentication Information"},
208     { BGP_OPT_CAP,              "Capabilities Advertisement"},
209     { 0, NULL}
210 };
211 
212 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MP                  1 /* RFC2858 */
213 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RR                  2 /* RFC2918 */
214 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ORF                 3 /* RFC5291 */
215 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MR                  4 /* RFC3107 */
216 #define BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH              5 /* RFC5549 */
217 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ML                  8 /* RFC8277 */
218 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART            64 /* RFC4724  */
219 #define BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW             65 /* RFC6793 */
220 #define BGP_CAPCODE_DYN_CAP            67 /* draft-ietf-idr-dynamic-cap */
221 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MULTISESS          68 /* draft-ietf-idr-bgp-multisession */
222 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH           69 /* RFC7911 */
223 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR             70 /* draft-keyur-bgp-enhanced-route-refresh */
224 #define BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR               71 /* draft-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence-05 */
225 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO          128
226 
227 static const struct tok bgp_capcode_values[] = {
228     { BGP_CAPCODE_MP,           "Multiprotocol Extensions"},
229     { BGP_CAPCODE_RR,           "Route Refresh"},
230     { BGP_CAPCODE_ORF,          "Cooperative Route Filtering"},
231     { BGP_CAPCODE_MR,           "Multiple Routes to a Destination"},
232     { BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH,       "Extended Next Hop Encoding"},
233     { BGP_CAPCODE_ML,           "Multiple Labels"},
234     { BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART,      "Graceful Restart"},
235     { BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW,       "32-Bit AS Number"},
236     { BGP_CAPCODE_DYN_CAP,      "Dynamic Capability"},
237     { BGP_CAPCODE_MULTISESS,    "Multisession BGP"},
238     { BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH,     "Multiple Paths"},
239     { BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR,       "Enhanced Route Refresh"},
240     { BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR,         "Long-lived Graceful Restart"},
241     { BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO,     "Route Refresh (Cisco)"},
242     { 0, NULL}
243 };
244 
245 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG            1
246 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_OPEN           2
247 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_UPDATE         3
248 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_HOLDTIME       4
249 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM            5
250 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE          6
251 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP            7
252 
253 static const struct tok bgp_notify_major_values[] = {
254     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG,     "Message Header Error"},
255     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_OPEN,    "OPEN Message Error"},
256     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_UPDATE,  "UPDATE Message Error"},
257     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_HOLDTIME,"Hold Timer Expired"},
258     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM,     "Finite State Machine Error"},
259     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE,   "Cease"},
260     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP,     "Capability Message Error"},
261     { 0, NULL}
262 };
263 
264 /* RFC 4486 */
265 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX  1
266 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT     2
267 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET    4
268 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cease_values[] = {
269     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX, "Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached"},
270     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT,    "Administrative Shutdown"},
271     { 3,                        "Peer Unconfigured"},
272     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET,   "Administrative Reset"},
273     { 5,                        "Connection Rejected"},
274     { 6,                        "Other Configuration Change"},
275     { 7,                        "Connection Collision Resolution"},
276     { 0, NULL}
277 };
278 
279 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_msg_values[] = {
280     { 1,                        "Connection Not Synchronized"},
281     { 2,                        "Bad Message Length"},
282     { 3,                        "Bad Message Type"},
283     { 0, NULL}
284 };
285 
286 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_open_values[] = {
287     { 1,                        "Unsupported Version Number"},
288     { 2,                        "Bad Peer AS"},
289     { 3,                        "Bad BGP Identifier"},
290     { 4,                        "Unsupported Optional Parameter"},
291     { 5,                        "Authentication Failure"},
292     { 6,                        "Unacceptable Hold Time"},
293     { 7,                        "Capability Message Error"},
294     { 0, NULL}
295 };
296 
297 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_update_values[] = {
298     { 1,                        "Malformed Attribute List"},
299     { 2,                        "Unrecognized Well-known Attribute"},
300     { 3,                        "Missing Well-known Attribute"},
301     { 4,                        "Attribute Flags Error"},
302     { 5,                        "Attribute Length Error"},
303     { 6,                        "Invalid ORIGIN Attribute"},
304     { 7,                        "AS Routing Loop"},
305     { 8,                        "Invalid NEXT_HOP Attribute"},
306     { 9,                        "Optional Attribute Error"},
307     { 10,                       "Invalid Network Field"},
308     { 11,                       "Malformed AS_PATH"},
309     { 0, NULL}
310 };
311 
312 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_fsm_values[] = {
313     { 0,                        "Unspecified Error"},
314     { 1,                        "In OpenSent State"},
315     { 2,                        "In OpenConfirm State"},
316     { 3,                        "In Established State"},
317     { 0, NULL }
318 };
319 
320 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cap_values[] = {
321     { 1,                        "Invalid Action Value" },
322     { 2,                        "Invalid Capability Length" },
323     { 3,                        "Malformed Capability Value" },
324     { 4,                        "Unsupported Capability Code" },
325     { 0, NULL }
326 };
327 
328 static const struct tok bgp_origin_values[] = {
329     { 0,                        "IGP"},
330     { 1,                        "EGP"},
331     { 2,                        "Incomplete"},
332     { 0, NULL}
333 };
334 
335 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP 1
336 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP  2
337 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM   3
338 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM    4
339 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR 5
340 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS   6
341 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP 7
342 
343 static const struct tok bgp_pmsi_tunnel_values[] = {
344     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP, "RSVP-TE P2MP LSP"},
345     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP, "LDP P2MP LSP"},
346     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM, "PIM-SSM Tree"},
347     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM, "PIM-SM Tree"},
348     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR, "PIM-Bidir Tree"},
349     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS, "Ingress Replication"},
350     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP, "LDP MP2MP LSP"},
351     { 0, NULL}
352 };
353 
354 static const struct tok bgp_pmsi_flag_values[] = {
355     { 0x01, "Leaf Information required"},
356     { 0, NULL}
357 };
358 
359 #define BGP_AIGP_TLV 1
360 
361 static const struct tok bgp_aigp_values[] = {
362     { BGP_AIGP_TLV, "AIGP"},
363     { 0, NULL}
364 };
365 
366 /* Subsequent address family identifier, RFC2283 section 7 */
367 #define SAFNUM_RES                      0
368 #define SAFNUM_UNICAST                  1
369 #define SAFNUM_MULTICAST                2
370 #define SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST             3       /* deprecated now */
371 /* labeled BGP RFC3107 */
372 #define SAFNUM_LABUNICAST               4
373 /* RFC6514 */
374 #define SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN            5
375 /* draft-nalawade-kapoor-tunnel-safi */
376 #define SAFNUM_TUNNEL                   64
377 /* RFC4761 */
378 #define SAFNUM_VPLS                     65
379 /* RFC6037 */
380 #define SAFNUM_MDT                      66
381 /* RFC7432 */
382 #define SAFNUM_EVPN                     70
383 /* RFC4364 */
384 #define SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST               128
385 /* RFC6513 */
386 #define SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST             129
387 #define SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST          130     /* deprecated now */
388 /* RFC4684 */
389 #define SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO          132
390 
391 #define BGP_VPN_RD_LEN                  8
392 
393 static const struct tok bgp_safi_values[] = {
394     { SAFNUM_RES,               "Reserved"},
395     { SAFNUM_UNICAST,           "Unicast"},
396     { SAFNUM_MULTICAST,         "Multicast"},
397     { SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST,      "Unicast+Multicast"},
398     { SAFNUM_LABUNICAST,        "labeled Unicast"},
399     { SAFNUM_TUNNEL,            "Tunnel"},
400     { SAFNUM_VPLS,              "VPLS"},
401     { SAFNUM_MDT,               "MDT"},
402     { SAFNUM_EVPN,              "EVPN"},
403     { SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST,        "labeled VPN Unicast"},
404     { SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST,      "labeled VPN Multicast"},
405     { SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST,   "labeled VPN Unicast+Multicast"},
406     { SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO,   "Route Target Routing Information"},
407     { SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN,     "Multicast VPN"},
408     { 0, NULL }
409 };
410 
411 /* well-known community */
412 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT              0xffffff01
413 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_ADVERT              0xffffff02
414 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED    0xffffff03
415 
416 /* Extended community type - RFC 4360 */
417 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0        0x0002  /* Route Target,Format AS(2bytes):AN(4bytes) */
418 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1        0x0102  /* Route Target,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
419 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2        0x0202  /* Route Target,Format AN(4bytes):local(2bytes) */
420 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_0        0x0003  /* Route Origin,Format AS(2bytes):AN(4bytes) */
421 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1        0x0103  /* Route Origin,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
422 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2        0x0203  /* Route Origin,Format AN(4bytes):local(2bytes) */
423 #define BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND    0x4004  /* Link Bandwidth,Format AS(2B):Bandwidth(4B) */
424                                         /* rfc2547 bgp-mpls-vpns */
425 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN  0x0005  /* OSPF Domain ID / VPN of Origin  - draft-rosen-vpns-ospf-bgp-mpls */
426 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2 0x0105  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
427 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3 0x0205  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
428 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN4 0x8005  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
429 
430 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE  0x0306  /* OSPF Route Type,Format Area(4B):RouteType(1B):Options(1B) */
431 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE2 0x8000  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
432 #define BGP_EXT_COM_ENCAP       0x030c  /* rfc5512 */
433 
434 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID    0x0107  /* OSPF Router ID,Format RouterID(4B):Unused(2B) */
435 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID2   0x8001  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
436 
437 #define BGP_EXT_COM_L2INFO      0x800a  /* draft-kompella-ppvpn-l2vpn */
438 
439 #define BGP_EXT_COM_SOURCE_AS   0x0009  /* RFC-ietf-l3vpn-2547bis-mcast-bgp-08.txt */
440 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VRF_RT_IMP  0x010b  /* RFC-ietf-l3vpn-2547bis-mcast-bgp-08.txt */
441 #define BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_0  0x000a  /* L2VPN Identifier,Format AS(2bytes):AN(4bytes) */
442 #define BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_1  0xF10a  /* L2VPN Identifier,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
443 
444 /* https://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk436/tk428/technologies_tech_note09186a00801eb09a.shtml  */
445 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_GEN                    0x8800
446 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_AS_DELAY        0x8801
447 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_REL_NH_BW       0x8802
448 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_LOAD_MTU        0x8803
449 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMAS_REMID        0x8804
450 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMPROTO_REMMETRIC 0x8805
451 
452 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_flag_values[] = {
453     { 0x8000,                  "vendor-specific"},
454     { 0x4000,                  "non-transitive"},
455     { 0, NULL},
456 };
457 
458 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_subtype_values[] = {
459     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0,        "target"},
460     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1,        "target"},
461     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2,        "target"},
462     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_0,        "origin"},
463     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1,        "origin"},
464     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2,        "origin"},
465     { BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND,    "link-BW"},
466     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN,  "ospf-domain"},
467     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2, "ospf-domain"},
468     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3, "ospf-domain"},
469     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN4, "ospf-domain"},
470     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE,  "ospf-route-type"},
471     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE2, "ospf-route-type"},
472     { BGP_EXT_COM_ENCAP,       "encapsulation"},
473     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID,    "ospf-router-id"},
474     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID2,   "ospf-router-id"},
475     { BGP_EXT_COM_L2INFO,      "layer2-info"},
476     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_GEN,   "eigrp-general-route (flag, tag)" },
477     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_AS_DELAY, "eigrp-route-metric (AS, delay)" },
478     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_REL_NH_BW, "eigrp-route-metric (reliability, nexthop, bandwidth)" },
479     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_LOAD_MTU, "eigrp-route-metric (load, MTU)" },
480     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMAS_REMID, "eigrp-external-route (remote-AS, remote-ID)" },
481     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMPROTO_REMMETRIC, "eigrp-external-route (remote-proto, remote-metric)" },
482     { BGP_EXT_COM_SOURCE_AS, "source-AS" },
483     { BGP_EXT_COM_VRF_RT_IMP, "vrf-route-import"},
484     { BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_0, "l2vpn-id"},
485     { BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_1, "l2vpn-id"},
486     { 0, NULL},
487 };
488 
489 /* RFC RFC5512 BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types */
490 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_L2TPV3_IP  1
491 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_GRE        2
492 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_TRANSMIT   3
493 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPSEC      4
494 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IPSEC   5
495 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_IP    6
496 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IP      7
497 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN      8
498 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_NVGRE      9
499 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS       10
500 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_GRE   11
501 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN_GPE  12
502 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_UDP   13
503 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPV6       14
504 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR_TE      15
505 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_BARE       16
506 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR         17
507 
508 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_encap_tunnel_values[] = {
509     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_L2TPV3_IP,    "L2TPv3 over IP"},
510     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_GRE,          "GRE"},
511     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_TRANSMIT,     "Transmit Tunnel"},
512     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPSEC,        "IPsec"},
513     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IPSEC,     "IP in IP with IPsec"},
514     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_IP,      "MPLS in IP with IPsec"},
515     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IP,        "IP in IP"},
516     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN,        "VXLAN"},
517     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_NVGRE,        "NVGRE"},
518     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS,         "MPLS"},
519     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_GRE,     "MPLS in GRE"},
520     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN_GPE,    "VXLAN GPE"},
521     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_UDP,     "MPLS in UDP"},
522     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPV6,         "IPv6"},
523     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR_TE,        "SR TE"},
524     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_BARE,         "Bare"},
525     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR,           "SR"},
526     { 0, NULL},
527 };
528 
529 /* OSPF codes for  BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE draft-rosen-vpns-ospf-bgp-mpls  */
530 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_RTR      1 /* OSPF Router LSA */
531 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NET      2 /* OSPF Network LSA */
532 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SUM      3 /* OSPF Summary LSA */
533 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_EXT      5 /* OSPF External LSA, note that ASBR doesn't apply to MPLS-VPN */
534 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NSSA     7 /* OSPF NSSA External*/
535 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SHAM     129 /* OSPF-MPLS-VPN Sham link */
536 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_METRIC_TYPE 0x1 /* LSB of RTYPE Options Field */
537 
538 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_ospf_rtype_values[] = {
539   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_RTR, "Router" },
540   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NET, "Network" },
541   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SUM, "Summary" },
542   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_EXT, "External" },
543   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NSSA,"NSSA External" },
544   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SHAM,"MPLS-VPN Sham" },
545   { 0, NULL },
546 };
547 
548 /* ADD-PATH Send/Receive field values */
549 static const struct tok bgp_add_path_recvsend[] = {
550     { 1, "Receive" },
551     { 2, "Send" },
552     { 3, "Both" },
553     { 0, NULL },
554 };
555 
556 #define AS_STR_SIZE sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx")
557 
558 /*
559  * as_printf
560  *
561  * Convert an AS number into a string and return string pointer.
562  *
563  * Depending on bflag is set or not, AS number is converted into ASDOT notation
564  * or plain number notation.
565  *
566  */
567 static char *
568 as_printf(netdissect_options *ndo,
569           char *str, size_t size, u_int asnum)
570 {
571     if (!ndo->ndo_bflag || asnum <= 0xFFFF) {
572         snprintf(str, size, "%u", asnum);
573     } else {
574         snprintf(str, size, "%u.%u", asnum >> 16, asnum & 0xFFFF);
575     }
576     return str;
577 }
578 
579 #define ITEMCHECK(minlen) if (itemlen < minlen) goto badtlv;
580 
581 int
582 decode_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
583                const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
584 {
585     nd_ipv4 addr;
586     u_int plen, plenbytes;
587 
588     ITEMCHECK(1);
589     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);
590     if (32 < plen)
591         return -1;
592     itemlen -= 1;
593 
594     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
595     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
596     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
597     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 1, plenbytes);
598     if (plen % 8) {
599         ((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
600     }
601     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
602     return 1 + plenbytes;
603 
604 badtlv:
605     return -2;
606 }
607 
608 static int
609 decode_labeled_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
610                        const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf,
611                        size_t buflen)
612 {
613     nd_ipv4 addr;
614     u_int plen, plenbytes;
615 
616     /* prefix length and label = 4 bytes */
617     ND_TCHECK_4(pptr);
618     ITEMCHECK(4);
619     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
620 
621     /* this is one of the weirdnesses of rfc3107
622        the label length (actually the label + COS bits)
623        is added to the prefix length;
624        we also do only read out just one label -
625        there is no real application for advertisement of
626        stacked labels in a single BGP message
627     */
628 
629     if (24 > plen)
630         return -1;
631 
632     plen-=24; /* adjust prefixlen - labellength */
633 
634     if (32 < plen)
635         return -1;
636     itemlen -= 4;
637 
638     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
639     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
640     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
641     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
642     if (plen % 8) {
643         ((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
644     }
645     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
646     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u, label:%u %s",
647              ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
648              plen,
649              GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
650              ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
651 
652     return 4 + plenbytes;
653 
654 trunc:
655     return -2;
656 
657 badtlv:
658     return -3;
659 }
660 
661 /*
662  * bgp_vpn_ip_print
663  *
664  * print an ipv4 or ipv6 address into a buffer dependent on address length.
665  */
666 static char *
667 bgp_vpn_ip_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
668                  const u_char *pptr, u_int addr_length)
669 {
670 
671     /* worst case string is s fully formatted v6 address */
672     static char addr[sizeof("1234:5678:89ab:cdef:1234:5678:89ab:cdef")];
673     char *pos = addr;
674 
675     switch(addr_length) {
676     case (sizeof(nd_ipv4) << 3): /* 32 */
677         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
678         break;
679     case (sizeof(nd_ipv6) << 3): /* 128 */
680         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "%s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(pptr));
681         break;
682     default:
683         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "bogus address length %u", addr_length);
684         break;
685     }
686     pos += strlen(pos);
687 
688     *(pos) = '\0';
689     return (addr);
690 }
691 
692 /*
693  * bgp_vpn_sg_print
694  *
695  * print an multicast s,g entry into a buffer.
696  * the s,g entry is encoded like this.
697  *
698  * +-----------------------------------+
699  * | Multicast Source Length (1 octet) |
700  * +-----------------------------------+
701  * |   Multicast Source (Variable)     |
702  * +-----------------------------------+
703  * |  Multicast Group Length (1 octet) |
704  * +-----------------------------------+
705  * |  Multicast Group   (Variable)     |
706  * +-----------------------------------+
707  *
708  * return the number of bytes read from the wire.
709  */
710 static u_int
711 bgp_vpn_sg_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
712                  const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
713 {
714     uint8_t addr_length;
715     u_int total_length, offset;
716 
717     total_length = 0;
718 
719     /* Source address length, encoded in bits */
720     addr_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
721     pptr++;
722 
723     /* Source address */
724     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, (addr_length >> 3));
725     total_length += (addr_length >> 3) + 1;
726     offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
727     if (addr_length) {
728         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Source %s",
729              bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
730         pptr += (addr_length >> 3);
731     }
732 
733     /* Group address length, encoded in bits */
734     addr_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
735     pptr++;
736 
737     /* Group address */
738     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, (addr_length >> 3));
739     total_length += (addr_length >> 3) + 1;
740     offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
741     if (addr_length) {
742         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Group %s",
743              bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
744         pptr += (addr_length >> 3);
745     }
746 
747 trunc:
748     return (total_length);
749 }
750 
751 /* Print an RFC 4364 Route Distinguisher */
752 const char *
753 bgp_vpn_rd_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
754                  const u_char *pptr)
755 {
756     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
757     static char rd[sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx:xxxxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxxx)")];
758     char *pos = rd;
759     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
760     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
761 
762     /* ok lets load the RD format */
763     switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
764 
765     case 0:
766         /* 2-byte-AS:number fmt */
767         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "%u:%u (= %u.%u.%u.%u)",
768                     GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 2),
769                     GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4),
770                     GET_U_1(pptr + 4), GET_U_1(pptr + 5),
771                     GET_U_1(pptr + 6), GET_U_1(pptr + 7));
772         break;
773 
774     case 1:
775         /* IP-address:AS fmt */
776         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "%u.%u.%u.%u:%u",
777                     GET_U_1(pptr + 2), GET_U_1(pptr + 3),
778                     GET_U_1(pptr + 4), GET_U_1(pptr + 5),
779                     GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
780         break;
781 
782     case 2:
783         /* 4-byte-AS:number fmt */
784         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "%s:%u (%u.%u.%u.%u:%u)",
785                     as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 2)),
786                     GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6), GET_U_1(pptr + 2),
787                     GET_U_1(pptr + 3), GET_U_1(pptr + 4),
788                     GET_U_1(pptr + 5), GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
789         break;
790     default:
791         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "unknown RD format");
792         break;
793     }
794     pos += strlen(pos);
795     *(pos) = '\0';
796     return (rd);
797 }
798 
799 /*
800  * Print an RFC 4360 Extended Community.
801  */
802 static void
803 bgp_extended_community_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
804                              const u_char *pptr)
805 {
806     union { /* copy buffer for bandwidth values */
807         float f;
808         uint32_t i;
809     } bw;
810     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
811     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
812 
813     switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
814 
815     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0:
816     case BGP_EXT_COM_RO_0:
817     case BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_0:
818         ND_PRINT("%u:%u (= %s)",
819                  GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 2),
820                  GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4),
821                  GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+4));
822         break;
823 
824     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1:
825     case BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1:
826     case BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_1:
827     case BGP_EXT_COM_VRF_RT_IMP:
828         ND_PRINT("%s:%u",
829                  GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+2),
830                  GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
831         break;
832 
833     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2:
834         case BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2:
835             ND_PRINT("%s:%u",
836                      as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
837                      GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 2)), GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
838             break;
839 
840     case BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND:
841             bw.i = GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4);
842             ND_PRINT("bandwidth: %.3f Mbps",
843                      bw.f*8/1000000);
844             break;
845 
846     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN:
847     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2:
848     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3:
849     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN4:
850     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID:
851     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID2:
852         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+2));
853         break;
854 
855     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE:
856     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE2:
857         ND_PRINT("area:%s, router-type:%s, metric-type:%s%s",
858                  GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+2),
859                  tok2str(bgp_extd_comm_ospf_rtype_values,
860                          "unknown (0x%02x)",
861                          GET_U_1((pptr + 6))),
862                  (GET_U_1(pptr + 7) &  BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_METRIC_TYPE) ? "E2" : "",
863                  ((GET_U_1(pptr + 6) == BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_EXT) || (GET_U_1(pptr + 6) == BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NSSA)) ? "E1" : "");
864         break;
865 
866     case BGP_EXT_COM_L2INFO:
867         ND_PRINT("%s Control Flags [0x%02x]:MTU %u",
868                  tok2str(l2vpn_encaps_values,
869                          "unknown encaps",
870                          GET_U_1((pptr + 2))),
871                  GET_U_1((pptr + 3)),
872                  GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 4));
873         break;
874 
875     case BGP_EXT_COM_SOURCE_AS:
876         ND_PRINT("AS %u", GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 2));
877         break;
878 
879     case BGP_EXT_COM_ENCAP:
880         ND_PRINT("Tunnel type: %s", tok2str(bgp_extd_comm_encap_tunnel_values,
881                                            "unknown encaps",
882                                            GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6)));
883         break;
884 
885     default:
886         ND_PRINT("%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
887                  GET_U_1(pptr + 2),
888                  GET_U_1(pptr + 3),
889                  GET_U_1(pptr + 4),
890                  GET_U_1(pptr + 5),
891                  GET_U_1(pptr + 6),
892                  GET_U_1(pptr + 7));
893         break;
894     }
895 }
896 
897 /*
898  * RFC4684 (Section 4)/RFC2858 (Section 4).
899  * RTC membership prefix is structured as follows
900  * [prefix-len] [origin-as] [route-target]
901  * The route-target is encoded as RT ext-comms.
902  * Prefix-len may be 0, 32..96
903  *
904  * Note that pptr is not packet data - it is
905  * a buffer owned by our caller - therefore GET_*
906  * macros can not be used.
907  */
908 static char *
909 bgp_rt_prefix_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
910                     const u_char *pptr,
911                     u_int plen)
912 {
913     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
914     char rtc_prefix_in_hex[sizeof("0000 0000 0000 0000")] = "";
915     u_int rtc_prefix_in_hex_len = 0;
916     static char output[61]; /* max response string */
917     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
918     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
919     uint16_t ec_type = 0;
920     u_int octet_count;
921     u_int i;
922 
923     if (plen == 0) {
924         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: 0:0/0");
925         return (output);
926     }
927 
928     /* hex representation of the prefix */
929     octet_count = (plen+7)/8;
930     for (i=0; i<octet_count; i++) {
931         rtc_prefix_in_hex_len += snprintf(rtc_prefix_in_hex+rtc_prefix_in_hex_len,
932                                 sizeof(rtc_prefix_in_hex)-rtc_prefix_in_hex_len,
933                                 "%02x%s", *(pptr+i),
934                                 ((i%2 == 1) && (i<octet_count-1)) ? " " : "");
935             }
936 
937     if (plen < 16) {
938 	/*
939 	 * The prefix is too short to include the full ext-comm type,
940 	 * so we have no way to parse it further.
941 	 */
942         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: partial-type: (%s/%d)",
943                  rtc_prefix_in_hex, plen);
944         return (output);
945     }
946 
947     /*
948      * get the ext-comm type
949      * Note: pptr references a static 8 octet buffer with unused bits set to 0,
950      * hence EXTRACT_*() macros are safe.
951      */
952     ec_type = EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr);
953     switch (ec_type) {
954     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0:
955         /* 2-byte-AS:number fmt */
956         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: %u:%u/%d (%s)",
957                  EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr+2),
958                  EXTRACT_BE_U_4(pptr+4),
959                  plen, rtc_prefix_in_hex);
960         break;
961 
962     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1:
963         /* IP-address:AS fmt */
964         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: %u.%u.%u.%u:%u/%d (%s)",
965                  *(pptr+2), *(pptr+3), *(pptr+4), *(pptr+5),
966                  EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr+6), plen, rtc_prefix_in_hex);
967         break;
968 
969     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2:
970         /* 4-byte-AS:number fmt */
971         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: %s:%u/%d (%s)",
972                  as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), EXTRACT_BE_U_4(pptr+2)),
973                  EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr+6), plen, rtc_prefix_in_hex);
974         break;
975 
976     default:
977         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route target: unknown-type(%04x) (%s/%d)",
978                  ec_type,
979                  rtc_prefix_in_hex, plen);
980         break;
981     }
982     return (output);
983 }
984 
985 /* RFC 4684 */
986 static int
987 decode_rt_routing_info(netdissect_options *ndo,
988                        const u_char *pptr)
989 {
990     uint8_t route_target[8];
991     u_int plen;
992     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
993     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
994     u_int num_octets;
995 
996     /* NLRI "prefix length" from RFC 2858 Section 4. */
997     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
998 
999     /* NLRI "prefix" (ibid), valid lengths are { 0, 32, 33, ..., 96 } bits.
1000      * RFC 4684 Section 4 defines the layout of "origin AS" and "route
1001      * target" fields inside the "prefix" depending on its length.
1002      */
1003     if (0 == plen) {
1004         /* Without "origin AS", without "route target". */
1005         ND_PRINT("\n\t      default route target");
1006         return 1;
1007     }
1008 
1009     if (32 > plen) {
1010         ND_PRINT("\n\t      (illegal prefix length)");
1011         return -1;
1012     }
1013 
1014     /* With at least "origin AS", possibly with "route target". */
1015     as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 1));
1016 
1017     plen -= 32; /* adjust prefix length */
1018 
1019     if (64 < plen) {
1020         ND_PRINT("\n\t      (illegal prefix length)");
1021         return -1;
1022     }
1023 
1024     /* From now on (plen + 7) / 8 evaluates to { 0, 1, 2, ..., 8 }
1025      * and gives the number of octets in the variable-length "route
1026      * target" field inside this NLRI "prefix". Look for it.
1027      */
1028     memset(&route_target, 0, sizeof(route_target));
1029     num_octets = (plen + 7) / 8;
1030     GET_CPY_BYTES(&route_target, pptr + 5, num_octets);
1031     /* If mask-len is not on octet boundary, ensure all extra bits are 0 */
1032     if (plen % 8) {
1033         ((u_char *)&route_target)[num_octets - 1] &=
1034             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1035     }
1036     ND_PRINT("\n\t      origin AS: %s, %s",
1037              astostr,
1038              bgp_rt_prefix_print(ndo, (u_char *)&route_target, plen));
1039 
1040     return 5 + num_octets;
1041 }
1042 
1043 static int
1044 decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
1045                            const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1046 {
1047     nd_ipv4 addr;
1048     u_int plen;
1049 
1050     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1051 
1052     if ((24+64) > plen)
1053         return -1;
1054 
1055     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
1056 
1057     if (32 < plen)
1058         return -1;
1059 
1060     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1061     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
1062     if (plen % 8) {
1063         ((u_char *)&addr)[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
1064             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1065     }
1066     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1067     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
1068                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
1069                 ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
1070                 plen,
1071                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1072                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1073 
1074     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1075 }
1076 
1077 /*
1078  * +-------------------------------+
1079  * |                               |
1080  * |  RD:IPv4-address (12 octets)  |
1081  * |                               |
1082  * +-------------------------------+
1083  * |  MDT Group-address (4 octets) |
1084  * +-------------------------------+
1085  */
1086 
1087 #define MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN 16
1088 
1089 static int
1090 decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(netdissect_options *ndo,
1091                     const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1092 {
1093     const u_char *rd;
1094     const u_char *vpn_ip;
1095 
1096     /* if the NLRI is not predefined length, quit.*/
1097     if (GET_U_1(pptr) != MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN * 8)
1098         return -1;
1099     pptr++;
1100 
1101     /* RD */
1102     ND_TCHECK_8(pptr);
1103     rd = pptr;
1104     pptr += 8;
1105 
1106     /* IPv4 address */
1107     vpn_ip = pptr;
1108     pptr += sizeof(nd_ipv4);
1109 
1110     /* MDT Group Address */
1111     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, VPN IP Address: %s, MC Group Address: %s",
1112                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, rd), GET_IPADDR_STRING(vpn_ip), GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
1113 
1114     return MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN + 1;
1115 
1116  trunc:
1117     return -2;
1118 }
1119 
1120 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI   1
1121 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI   2
1122 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI            3
1123 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_SEG_LEAF 4
1124 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE     5
1125 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN  6
1126 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN  7
1127 
1128 static const struct tok bgp_multicast_vpn_route_type_values[] = {
1129     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI, "Intra-AS I-PMSI"},
1130     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI, "Inter-AS I-PMSI"},
1131     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI, "S-PMSI"},
1132     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_SEG_LEAF, "Intra-AS Segment-Leaf"},
1133     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE, "Source-Active"},
1134     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN, "Shared Tree Join"},
1135     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN, "Source Tree Join"},
1136     { 0, NULL}
1137 };
1138 
1139 static int
1140 decode_multicast_vpn(netdissect_options *ndo,
1141                      const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1142 {
1143     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
1144     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
1145     uint8_t route_type, route_length;
1146     u_int addr_length, sg_length;
1147     u_int offset;
1148 
1149     route_type = GET_U_1(pptr);
1150     pptr++;
1151     route_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
1152     pptr++;
1153 
1154     snprintf(buf, buflen, "Route-Type: %s (%u), length: %u",
1155          tok2str(bgp_multicast_vpn_route_type_values,
1156                  "Unknown", route_type),
1157          route_type, route_length);
1158 
1159     switch(route_type) {
1160     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI:
1161         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
1162         if (route_length < BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)
1163             goto trunc;
1164         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1165         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Originator %s",
1166                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1167                     bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN,
1168                                      (route_length - BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) << 3));
1169         break;
1170     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI:
1171         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4);
1172         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1173         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
1174         bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1175         as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1176         GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
1177         break;
1178 
1179     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI:
1180         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
1181         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1182         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s",
1183                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
1184         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN;
1185 
1186         sg_length = bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
1187         addr_length =  route_length - sg_length;
1188 
1189         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, addr_length);
1190         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1191         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Originator %s",
1192                     bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length << 3));
1193         break;
1194 
1195     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE:
1196         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
1197         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1198         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s",
1199                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
1200         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN;
1201 
1202         bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
1203         break;
1204 
1205     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN: /* fall through */
1206     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN:
1207         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4);
1208         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1209         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
1210                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1211                     as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1212                     GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
1213         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4;
1214 
1215         bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
1216         break;
1217 
1218         /*
1219          * no per route-type printing yet.
1220          */
1221     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_SEG_LEAF:
1222     default:
1223         break;
1224     }
1225 
1226     return route_length + 2;
1227 
1228 trunc:
1229     return -2;
1230 }
1231 
1232 /*
1233  * As I remember, some versions of systems have an snprintf() that
1234  * returns -1 if the buffer would have overflowed.  If the return
1235  * value is negative, set buflen to 0, to indicate that we've filled
1236  * the buffer up.
1237  *
1238  * If the return value is greater than buflen, that means that
1239  * the buffer would have overflowed; again, set buflen to 0 in
1240  * that case.
1241  */
1242 #define UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen) \
1243     if (stringlen<0) \
1244         buflen=0; \
1245     else if ((u_int)stringlen>buflen) \
1246         buflen=0; \
1247     else { \
1248         buflen-=stringlen; \
1249         buf+=stringlen; \
1250     }
1251 
1252 static int
1253 decode_labeled_vpn_l2(netdissect_options *ndo,
1254                       const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1255 {
1256     u_int plen, tlen, tlv_type, tlv_len, ttlv_len;
1257     int stringlen;
1258 
1259     plen = GET_BE_U_2(pptr);
1260     tlen = plen;
1261     pptr += 2;
1262     /* Old and new L2VPN NLRI share AFI/SAFI
1263      *   -> Assume a 12 Byte-length NLRI is auto-discovery-only
1264      *      and > 17 as old format. Complain for the middle case
1265      */
1266     if (plen == 12) {
1267         /* assume AD-only with RD, BGPNH */
1268         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, 12);
1269         buf[0] = '\0';
1270         stringlen = snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, BGPNH: %s",
1271                                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1272                                 GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+8));
1273         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1274         pptr += 12;
1275         tlen -= 12;
1276         return plen + 2;
1277     } else if (plen > 17) {
1278         /* assume old format */
1279         /* RD, ID, LBLKOFF, LBLBASE */
1280 
1281         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, 15);
1282         buf[0] = '\0';
1283         stringlen = snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, CE-ID: %u, Label-Block Offset: %u, Label Base %u",
1284                                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1285                                 GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 8),
1286                                 GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 10),
1287                                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 12)>>4); /* the label is offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1288         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1289         pptr += 15;
1290         tlen -= 15;
1291 
1292         /* ok now the variable part - lets read out TLVs*/
1293         while (tlen != 0) {
1294             if (tlen < 3) {
1295                 if (buflen != 0) {
1296                     stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tran past the end");
1297                     UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1298                 }
1299                 return plen + 2;
1300             }
1301             tlv_type = GET_U_1(pptr);
1302             pptr++;
1303             tlv_len = GET_BE_U_2(pptr);  /* length, in *bits* */
1304             ttlv_len = (tlv_len + 7)/8;      /* length, in *bytes* */
1305             pptr += 2;
1306 
1307             switch(tlv_type) {
1308             case 1:
1309                 if (buflen != 0) {
1310                     stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tcircuit status vector (%u) length: %u: 0x",
1311                                           tlv_type,
1312                                           tlv_len);
1313                     UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1314                 }
1315                 while (ttlv_len != 0) {
1316                     if (tlen < 1) {
1317                         if (buflen != 0) {
1318                             stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, " (ran past the end)");
1319                             UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1320                         }
1321                         return plen + 2;
1322                     }
1323                     ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
1324                     if (buflen != 0) {
1325                         stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "%02x",
1326                                               GET_U_1(pptr));
1327                         pptr++;
1328                         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1329                     }
1330                     ttlv_len--;
1331                     tlen--;
1332                 }
1333                 break;
1334             default:
1335                 if (buflen != 0) {
1336                     stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tunknown TLV #%u, length: %u",
1337                                           tlv_type,
1338                                           tlv_len);
1339                     UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1340                 }
1341                 if (tlen < ttlv_len) {
1342                     if (buflen != 0) {
1343                         stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, " (ran past the end)");
1344                         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1345                     }
1346                     return plen + 2;
1347                 }
1348                 tlen -= ttlv_len;
1349                 break;
1350             }
1351         }
1352         return plen + 2;
1353     } else {
1354         /* complain bitterly ? */
1355         /* fall through */
1356         goto trunc;
1357     }
1358 
1359 trunc:
1360     return -2;
1361 }
1362 
1363 int
1364 decode_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
1365                const u_char *pd, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1366 {
1367     nd_ipv6 addr;
1368     u_int plen, plenbytes;
1369 
1370     ITEMCHECK(1);
1371     plen = GET_U_1(pd);
1372     if (128 < plen)
1373         return -1;
1374     itemlen -= 1;
1375 
1376     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1377     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
1378     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
1379     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pd + 1, plenbytes);
1380     if (plen % 8) {
1381         addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
1382             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1383     }
1384     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
1385     return 1 + plenbytes;
1386 
1387 badtlv:
1388     return -2;
1389 }
1390 
1391 static int
1392 decode_labeled_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
1393                const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1394 {
1395     nd_ipv6 addr;
1396     u_int plen, plenbytes;
1397 
1398     /* prefix length and label = 4 bytes */
1399     ND_TCHECK_4(pptr);
1400     ITEMCHECK(4);
1401     plen = GET_U_1(pptr); /* get prefix length */
1402 
1403     if (24 > plen)
1404         return -1;
1405 
1406     plen -= 24; /* adjust prefixlen - labellength */
1407 
1408     if (128 < plen)
1409         return -1;
1410     itemlen -= 4;
1411 
1412     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1413     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
1414     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
1415     if (plen % 8) {
1416         addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
1417             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1418     }
1419     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1420     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u, label:%u %s",
1421                 ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
1422                 plen,
1423                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1424                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1425 
1426     return 4 + plenbytes;
1427 
1428 trunc:
1429     return -2;
1430 
1431 badtlv:
1432     return -3;
1433 }
1434 
1435 static int
1436 decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
1437                            const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1438 {
1439     nd_ipv6 addr;
1440     u_int plen;
1441 
1442     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1443 
1444     if ((24+64) > plen)
1445         return -1;
1446 
1447     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
1448 
1449     if (128 < plen)
1450         return -1;
1451 
1452     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1453     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
1454     if (plen % 8) {
1455         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
1456             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1457     }
1458     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1459     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
1460                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
1461                 ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
1462                 plen,
1463                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1464                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1465 
1466     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1467 }
1468 
1469 static int
1470 decode_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
1471                    const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1472 {
1473     uint8_t addr[19];
1474     u_int plen;
1475 
1476     plen = GET_U_1(pptr); /* get prefix length */
1477 
1478     if (152 < plen)
1479         return -1;
1480 
1481     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1482     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
1483     if (plen % 8) {
1484         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
1485             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1486     }
1487     /* Cannot use GET_ISONSAP_STRING (not packet buffer pointer) */
1488     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u",
1489                 isonsap_string(ndo, addr,(plen + 7) / 8),
1490                 plen);
1491 
1492     return 1 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1493 }
1494 
1495 static int
1496 decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
1497                                const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1498 {
1499     uint8_t addr[19];
1500     u_int plen;
1501 
1502     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1503 
1504     if ((24+64) > plen)
1505         return -1;
1506 
1507     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
1508 
1509     if (152 < plen)
1510         return -1;
1511 
1512     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1513     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
1514     if (plen % 8) {
1515         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1516     }
1517     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1518     /* Cannot use GET_ISONSAP_STRING (not packet buffer pointer) */
1519     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
1520                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
1521                 isonsap_string(ndo, addr,(plen + 7) / 8),
1522                 plen,
1523                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1524                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1525 
1526     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1527 }
1528 
1529 /*
1530  * bgp_attr_get_as_size
1531  *
1532  * Try to find the size of the ASs encoded in an as-path. It is not obvious, as
1533  * both Old speakers that do not support 4 byte AS, and the new speakers that do
1534  * support, exchange AS-Path with the same path-attribute type value 0x02.
1535  */
1536 static u_int
1537 bgp_attr_get_as_size(netdissect_options *ndo,
1538                      uint8_t bgpa_type, const u_char *pptr, u_int len)
1539 {
1540     const u_char *tptr = pptr;
1541 
1542     /*
1543      * If the path attribute is the optional AS4 path type, then we already
1544      * know, that ASs must be encoded in 4 byte format.
1545      */
1546     if (bgpa_type == BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH) {
1547         return 4;
1548     }
1549 
1550     /*
1551      * Let us assume that ASs are of 2 bytes in size, and check if the AS-Path
1552      * TLV is good. If not, ask the caller to try with AS encoded as 4 bytes
1553      * each.
1554      */
1555     while (tptr < pptr + len) {
1556         /*
1557          * If we do not find a valid segment type, our guess might be wrong.
1558          */
1559         if (GET_U_1(tptr) < BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MIN || GET_U_1(tptr) > BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MAX) {
1560             goto trunc;
1561         }
1562         tptr += 2 + GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * 2;
1563     }
1564 
1565     /*
1566      * If we correctly reached end of the AS path attribute data content,
1567      * then most likely ASs were indeed encoded as 2 bytes.
1568      */
1569     if (tptr == pptr + len) {
1570         return 2;
1571     }
1572 
1573 trunc:
1574 
1575     /*
1576      * We can come here, either we did not have enough data, or if we
1577      * try to decode 4 byte ASs in 2 byte format. Either way, return 4,
1578      * so that caller can try to decode each AS as of 4 bytes. If indeed
1579      * there was not enough data, it will crib and end the parse anyways.
1580      */
1581     return 4;
1582 }
1583 
1584 /*
1585  * The only way to know that a BGP UPDATE message is using add path is
1586  * by checking if the capability is in the OPEN message which we may have missed.
1587  * So this function checks if it is possible that the update could contain add path
1588  * and if so it checks that standard BGP doesn't make sense.
1589  */
1590 static int
1591 check_add_path(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr, u_int length,
1592                u_int max_prefix_length)
1593 {
1594     u_int offset, prefix_length;
1595 
1596     if (length < 5) {
1597         return 0;
1598     }
1599 
1600     /*
1601      * Scan through the NLRI information under the assumption that
1602      * it doesn't have path IDs.
1603      */
1604     for (offset = 0; offset < length;) {
1605         offset += 4;
1606         if (!ND_TTEST_1(pptr + offset)) {
1607             /* We ran out of captured data; quit scanning. */
1608             break;
1609         }
1610         prefix_length = GET_U_1(pptr + offset);
1611         /*
1612          * Add 4 to cover the path id
1613          * and check the prefix length isn't greater than 32/128.
1614          */
1615         if (prefix_length > max_prefix_length) {
1616             return 0;
1617         }
1618         /* Add 1 for the prefix_length byte and prefix_length to cover the address */
1619         offset += 1 + ((prefix_length + 7) / 8);
1620     }
1621     /* check we haven't gone past the end of the section */
1622     if (offset > length) {
1623         return 0;
1624     }
1625 
1626     /* check it's not standard BGP */
1627     for (offset = 0; offset < length; ) {
1628         if (!ND_TTEST_1(pptr + offset)) {
1629             /* We ran out of captured data; quit scanning. */
1630             break;
1631         }
1632         prefix_length = GET_U_1(pptr + offset);
1633         /*
1634          * If the prefix_length is zero (0.0.0.0/0)
1635          * and since it's not the only address (length >= 5)
1636          * then it is add-path
1637          */
1638         if (prefix_length < 1 || prefix_length > max_prefix_length) {
1639             return 1;
1640         }
1641         offset += 1 + ((prefix_length + 7) / 8);
1642     }
1643     if (offset > length) {
1644         return 1;
1645     }
1646 
1647     /* assume not add-path by default */
1648     return 0;
1649 }
1650 
1651 static int
1652 bgp_mp_af_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
1653 	        const u_char *tptr, u_int tlen,
1654 		uint16_t *afp, uint8_t *safip)
1655 {
1656 	uint16_t af;
1657 	uint8_t safi;
1658 
1659         af = GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
1660 	*afp = af;
1661         safi = GET_U_1(tptr + 2);
1662 	*safip = safi;
1663 
1664         ND_PRINT("\n\t    AFI: %s (%u), %sSAFI: %s (%u)",
1665                   tok2str(af_values, "Unknown AFI", af),
1666                   af,
1667                   (safi>128) ? "vendor specific " : "", /* 128 is meanwhile wellknown */
1668                   tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown SAFI", safi),
1669                   safi);
1670 
1671         switch(af<<8 | safi) {
1672         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1673         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1674         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1675         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1676         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
1677         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1678         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1679         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1680         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
1681         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
1682         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1683         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1684         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1685         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1686         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1687         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1688         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1689         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1690         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1691         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1692         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1693         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1694         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1695         case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1696         case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1697         case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1698         case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
1699             break;
1700         default:
1701             ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, tlen);
1702             ND_PRINT("\n\t    no AFI %u / SAFI %u decoder", af, safi);
1703             if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1)
1704                 print_unknown_data(ndo, tptr, "\n\t    ", tlen);
1705             return -1;
1706         }
1707 	return 0;
1708 trunc:
1709 	return -2;
1710 }
1711 
1712 static int
1713 bgp_nlri_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t af, uint8_t safi,
1714 	       const u_char *tptr, u_int len,
1715 	       char *buf, size_t buflen,
1716 	       int add_path4, int add_path6)
1717 {
1718 	int advance;
1719 	u_int path_id = 0;
1720 
1721 	switch (af<<8 | safi) {
1722             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1723             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1724             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1725                 if (add_path4) {
1726                     path_id = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
1727                     tptr += 4;
1728                 }
1729                 advance = decode_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1730                 if (advance == -1)
1731                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1732                 else if (advance == -2)
1733                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1734                 else
1735                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1736                 if (add_path4) {
1737                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
1738 		    advance += 4;
1739                 }
1740                 break;
1741             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1742                 advance = decode_labeled_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1743                 if (advance == -1)
1744                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1745                 else if (advance == -2)
1746                     goto trunc;
1747                 else if (advance == -3)
1748                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1749                 else
1750                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1751                 break;
1752             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1753             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1754             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1755                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1756                 if (advance == -1)
1757                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1758                 else
1759                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1760                 break;
1761             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
1762                 advance = decode_rt_routing_info(ndo, tptr);
1763                 break;
1764             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN): /* fall through */
1765             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
1766                 advance = decode_multicast_vpn(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1767                 if (advance == -1)
1768                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1769                 else if (advance == -2)
1770                     goto trunc;
1771                 else
1772                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1773                 break;
1774 
1775             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
1776                 advance = decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1777                 if (advance == -1)
1778                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1779                 else if (advance == -2)
1780                     goto trunc;
1781                 else
1782                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1783                 break;
1784             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1785             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1786             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1787                 if (add_path6) {
1788                     path_id = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
1789                     tptr += 4;
1790                 }
1791                 advance = decode_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1792                 if (advance == -1)
1793                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1794                 else if (advance == -2)
1795                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1796                 else
1797                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1798                 if (add_path6) {
1799                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
1800 		    advance += 4;
1801                 }
1802                 break;
1803             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1804                 advance = decode_labeled_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1805                 if (advance == -1)
1806                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1807                 else if (advance == -2)
1808                     goto trunc;
1809                 else if (advance == -3)
1810                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1811                 else
1812                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1813                 break;
1814             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1815             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1816             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1817                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1818                 if (advance == -1)
1819                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1820                 else
1821                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1822                 break;
1823             case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
1824             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1825             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1826             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1827                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_l2(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1828                 if (advance == -1)
1829                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal length)");
1830                 else if (advance == -2)
1831                     goto trunc;
1832                 else
1833                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1834                 break;
1835             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1836             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1837             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1838                 advance = decode_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1839                 if (advance == -1)
1840                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1841                 else
1842                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1843                 break;
1844             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1845             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1846             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1847                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1848                 if (advance == -1)
1849                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1850                 else
1851                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1852                 break;
1853             default:
1854 		/*
1855 		 * This should not happen, we should have been protected
1856 		 * by bgp_mp_af_print()'s return value.
1857 		 */
1858                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    ERROR: no AFI %u / SAFI %u decoder", af, safi);
1859                 advance = -4;
1860                 break;
1861 	}
1862 	return advance;
1863 trunc:	/* we rely on the caller to recognize -2 return value */
1864 	return -2;
1865 }
1866 
1867 static int
1868 bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
1869                uint8_t atype, const u_char *pptr, u_int len,
1870                const unsigned attr_set_level)
1871 {
1872     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
1873     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
1874     u_int i;
1875     uint16_t af;
1876     uint8_t safi, snpa, nhlen;
1877     int advance;
1878     u_int tlen;
1879     const u_char *tptr;
1880     char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 100];
1881     u_int as_size;
1882     int add_path4, add_path6;
1883     int ret;
1884 
1885     tptr = pptr;
1886     tlen = len;
1887 
1888     switch (atype) {
1889     case BGPTYPE_ORIGIN:
1890         if (len != 1)
1891             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1892         else {
1893             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_origin_values,
1894                       "Unknown Origin Typecode",
1895                       GET_U_1(tptr)));
1896         }
1897         break;
1898 
1899     /*
1900      * Process AS4 byte path and AS2 byte path attributes here.
1901      */
1902     case BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH:
1903     case BGPTYPE_AS_PATH:
1904         if (len % 2) {
1905             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1906             break;
1907         }
1908         if (!len) {
1909             ND_PRINT("empty");
1910             break;
1911         }
1912 
1913         /*
1914          * BGP updates exchanged between New speakers that support 4
1915          * byte AS, ASs are always encoded in 4 bytes. There is no
1916          * definitive way to find this, just by the packet's
1917          * contents. So, check for packet's TLV's sanity assuming
1918          * 2 bytes first, and it does not pass, assume that ASs are
1919          * encoded in 4 bytes format and move on.
1920          */
1921         as_size = bgp_attr_get_as_size(ndo, atype, pptr, len);
1922 
1923         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
1924             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_as_path_segment_open_values,
1925                       "?", GET_U_1(tptr)));
1926             for (i = 0; i < GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * as_size; i += as_size) {
1927                 ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 2 + i, as_size);
1928                 ND_PRINT("%s ",
1929                           as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1930                           as_size == 2 ?
1931                               GET_BE_U_2(tptr + i + 2) :
1932                               GET_BE_U_4(tptr + i + 2)));
1933             }
1934             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_as_path_segment_close_values,
1935                       "?", GET_U_1(tptr)));
1936             tptr += 2 + GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * as_size;
1937         }
1938         break;
1939     case BGPTYPE_NEXT_HOP:
1940         if (len != 4)
1941             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1942         else {
1943             ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
1944         }
1945         break;
1946     case BGPTYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC:
1947     case BGPTYPE_LOCAL_PREF:
1948         if (len != 4)
1949             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1950         else {
1951             ND_PRINT("%u", GET_BE_U_4(tptr));
1952         }
1953         break;
1954     case BGPTYPE_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE:
1955         if (len != 0)
1956             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1957         break;
1958     case BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR:
1959 
1960         /*
1961          * Depending on the AS encoded is of 2 bytes or of 4 bytes,
1962          * the length of this PA can be either 6 bytes or 8 bytes.
1963          */
1964         if (len != 6 && len != 8) {
1965             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1966             break;
1967         }
1968         ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, len);
1969         if (len == 6) {
1970             ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
1971                       as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_2(tptr)),
1972                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 2));
1973         } else {
1974             ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
1975                       as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1976                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr)), GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 4));
1977         }
1978         break;
1979     case BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR4:
1980         if (len != 8) {
1981             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1982             break;
1983         }
1984         ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
1985                   as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(tptr)),
1986                   GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 4));
1987         break;
1988     case BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES:
1989         if (len % 4) {
1990             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1991             break;
1992         }
1993         while (tlen != 0) {
1994             uint32_t comm;
1995             ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
1996             if (tlen < 4)
1997                 goto trunc;
1998             comm = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
1999             switch (comm) {
2000             case BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT:
2001                 ND_PRINT(" NO_EXPORT");
2002                 break;
2003             case BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_ADVERT:
2004                 ND_PRINT(" NO_ADVERTISE");
2005                 break;
2006             case BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED:
2007                 ND_PRINT(" NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED");
2008                 break;
2009             default:
2010                 ND_PRINT("%u:%u%s",
2011                          (comm >> 16) & 0xffff,
2012                          comm & 0xffff,
2013                          (tlen>4) ? ", " : "");
2014                 break;
2015             }
2016             tlen -=4;
2017             tptr +=4;
2018         }
2019         break;
2020     case BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID:
2021         if (len != 4) {
2022             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2023             break;
2024         }
2025         ND_PRINT("%s",GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2026         break;
2027     case BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST:
2028         if (len % 4) {
2029             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2030             break;
2031         }
2032         while (tlen != 0) {
2033             if (tlen < 4)
2034                 goto trunc;
2035             ND_PRINT("%s%s",
2036                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2037                       (tlen>4) ? ", " : "");
2038             tlen -=4;
2039             tptr +=4;
2040         }
2041         break;
2042     case BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI:
2043         ND_TCHECK_3(tptr);
2044         if (tlen < 3)
2045             goto trunc;
2046 	ret = bgp_mp_af_print(ndo, tptr, tlen, &af, &safi);
2047 	if (ret == -2)
2048 	    goto trunc;
2049 	if (ret < 0)
2050 	    break;
2051 
2052         tptr += 3;
2053         tlen -= 3;
2054 
2055         ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
2056         if (tlen < 1)
2057             goto trunc;
2058         nhlen = GET_U_1(tptr);
2059         tptr++;
2060         tlen--;
2061 
2062         if (nhlen) {
2063             u_int nnh = 0;
2064             uint8_t tnhlen = nhlen;
2065             if (tlen < tnhlen)
2066                 goto trunc;
2067             ND_PRINT("\n\t    nexthop: ");
2068             while (tnhlen != 0) {
2069                 if (nnh++ > 0) {
2070                     ND_PRINT(", " );
2071                 }
2072                 switch(af<<8 | safi) {
2073                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
2074                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
2075                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
2076                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
2077                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
2078                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
2079                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
2080                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)) {
2081                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2082                         tptr += tnhlen;
2083                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2084                         tnhlen = 0;
2085                     } else {
2086                         ND_PRINT("%s",GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2087                         tptr += sizeof(nd_ipv4);
2088                         tnhlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv4);
2089                         tlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv4);
2090                     }
2091                     break;
2092                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2093                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2094                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2095                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) {
2096                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2097                         tptr += tnhlen;
2098                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2099                         tnhlen = 0;
2100                     } else {
2101                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
2102                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
2103                                   GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
2104                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2105                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2106                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2107                     }
2108                     break;
2109                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
2110                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
2111                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
2112                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
2113                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv6)) {
2114                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2115                         tptr += tnhlen;
2116                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2117                         tnhlen = 0;
2118                     } else {
2119                         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr));
2120                         tptr += sizeof(nd_ipv6);
2121                         tlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv6);
2122                         tnhlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv6);
2123                     }
2124                     break;
2125                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2126                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2127                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2128                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) {
2129                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2130                         tptr += tnhlen;
2131                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2132                         tnhlen = 0;
2133                     } else {
2134                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
2135                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
2136                                   GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
2137                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2138                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2139                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2140                     }
2141                     break;
2142                 case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
2143                 case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2144                 case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2145                 case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2146                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)) {
2147                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2148                         tptr += tnhlen;
2149                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2150                         tnhlen = 0;
2151                     } else {
2152                         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2153                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
2154                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
2155                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
2156                     }
2157                     break;
2158                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
2159                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
2160                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
2161                     ND_PRINT("%s", GET_ISONSAP_STRING(tptr, tnhlen));
2162                     tptr += tnhlen;
2163                     tlen -= tnhlen;
2164                     tnhlen = 0;
2165                     break;
2166 
2167                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2168                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2169                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2170                     if (tnhlen < BGP_VPN_RD_LEN+1) {
2171                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2172                         tptr += tnhlen;
2173                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2174                         tnhlen = 0;
2175                     } else {
2176                         ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, tnhlen);
2177                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
2178                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
2179                                   GET_ISONSAP_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN,tnhlen-BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
2180                         /* rfc986 mapped IPv4 address ? */
2181                         if (GET_BE_U_4(tptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) ==  0x47000601)
2182                             ND_PRINT(" = %s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN+4));
2183                         /* rfc1888 mapped IPv6 address ? */
2184                         else if (GET_BE_U_3(tptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) ==  0x350000)
2185                             ND_PRINT(" = %s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN+3));
2186                         tptr += tnhlen;
2187                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2188                         tnhlen = 0;
2189                     }
2190                     break;
2191                 default:
2192 		    /*
2193 		     * bgp_mp_af_print() should have saved us from
2194 		     * an unsupported AFI/SAFI.
2195 		     */
2196                     ND_PRINT("ERROR: no AFI %u/SAFI %u nexthop decoder", af, safi);
2197                     tptr += tnhlen;
2198                     tlen -= tnhlen;
2199                     tnhlen = 0;
2200                     goto done;
2201                     break;
2202                 }
2203             }
2204         }
2205         ND_PRINT(", nh-length: %u", nhlen);
2206 
2207         /* As per RFC 2858; this is reserved in RFC 4760 */
2208         if (tlen < 1)
2209             goto trunc;
2210         snpa = GET_U_1(tptr);
2211         tptr++;
2212         tlen--;
2213 
2214         if (snpa) {
2215             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %u SNPA", snpa);
2216             for (/*nothing*/; snpa != 0; snpa--) {
2217                 uint8_t snpalen;
2218 		if (tlen < 1)
2219 		    goto trunc;
2220                 snpalen = GET_U_1(tptr);
2221                 ND_PRINT("\n\t      %u bytes", snpalen);
2222                 tptr++;
2223                 tlen--;
2224                 if (tlen < snpalen)
2225                     goto trunc;
2226                 ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, snpalen);
2227                 tptr += snpalen;
2228                 tlen -= snpalen;
2229             }
2230         } else {
2231             ND_PRINT(", no SNPA");
2232         }
2233 
2234         add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
2235                                    (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 32);
2236         add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
2237                                    (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 128);
2238 
2239         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
2240             advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf),
2241                     add_path4, add_path6);
2242             if (advance == -2)
2243                 goto trunc;
2244             if (advance < 0)
2245                 break;
2246             tptr += advance;
2247         }
2248         break;
2249 
2250     case BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI:
2251         ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE);
2252 	ret = bgp_mp_af_print(ndo, tptr, tlen, &af, &safi);
2253 	if (ret == -2)
2254 	    goto trunc;
2255 	if (ret < 0)
2256 	    break;
2257 
2258         if (len == BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE)
2259             ND_PRINT("\n\t      End-of-Rib Marker (empty NLRI)");
2260 
2261         tptr += 3;
2262 
2263         add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
2264                                    (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 32);
2265         add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr,
2266                                    (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(pptr, tptr)), 128);
2267 
2268         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
2269             advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf),
2270                     add_path4, add_path6);
2271             if (advance == -2)
2272                 goto trunc;
2273             if (advance < 0)
2274                 break;
2275             tptr += advance;
2276         }
2277         break;
2278     case BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES:
2279         if (len % 8) {
2280             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2281             break;
2282         }
2283         while (tlen != 0) {
2284             uint16_t extd_comm;
2285 
2286             ND_TCHECK_2(tptr);
2287             if (tlen < 2)
2288                 goto trunc;
2289             extd_comm=GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
2290 
2291             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s (0x%04x), Flags [%s]",
2292                       tok2str(bgp_extd_comm_subtype_values,
2293                               "unknown extd community typecode",
2294                               extd_comm),
2295                       extd_comm,
2296                       bittok2str(bgp_extd_comm_flag_values, "none", extd_comm));
2297 
2298             ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
2299             if (tlen < 8)
2300                 goto trunc;
2301             ND_PRINT(": ");
2302             bgp_extended_community_print(ndo, tptr);
2303             tlen -= 8;
2304             tptr += 8;
2305         }
2306         break;
2307 
2308     case BGPTYPE_PMSI_TUNNEL:
2309     {
2310         uint8_t tunnel_type, flags;
2311 
2312         ND_TCHECK_5(tptr);
2313         if (tlen < 5)
2314             goto trunc;
2315         flags = GET_U_1(tptr);
2316         tunnel_type = GET_U_1(tptr + 1);
2317 
2318         ND_PRINT("\n\t    Tunnel-type %s (%u), Flags [%s], MPLS Label %u",
2319                   tok2str(bgp_pmsi_tunnel_values, "Unknown", tunnel_type),
2320                   tunnel_type,
2321                   bittok2str(bgp_pmsi_flag_values, "none", flags),
2322                   GET_BE_U_3(tptr + 2)>>4);
2323 
2324         tptr +=5;
2325         tlen -= 5;
2326 
2327         switch (tunnel_type) {
2328         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM: /* fall through */
2329         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR:
2330             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Sender %s, P-Group %s",
2331                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2332                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+4));
2333             break;
2334 
2335         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM:
2336             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Root-Node %s, P-Group %s",
2337                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2338                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+4));
2339             break;
2340         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS:
2341             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Tunnel-Endpoint %s",
2342                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2343             break;
2344         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP: /* fall through */
2345         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP:
2346             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Root-Node %s, LSP-ID 0x%08x",
2347                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2348                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4));
2349             break;
2350         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP:
2351             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Extended-Tunnel-ID %s, P2MP-ID 0x%08x",
2352                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2353                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4));
2354             break;
2355         default:
2356             if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1) {
2357                 print_unknown_data(ndo, tptr, "\n\t      ", tlen);
2358             }
2359         }
2360         break;
2361     }
2362     case BGPTYPE_AIGP:
2363     {
2364         uint8_t type;
2365         uint16_t length;
2366 
2367         while (tlen >= 3) {
2368             type = GET_U_1(tptr);
2369             length = GET_BE_U_2(tptr + 1);
2370             tptr += 3;
2371             tlen -= 3;
2372 
2373             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s TLV (%u), length %u",
2374                       tok2str(bgp_aigp_values, "Unknown", type),
2375                       type, length);
2376 
2377             if (length < 3)
2378                 goto trunc;
2379             length -= 3;
2380 
2381             /*
2382              * Check if we can read the TLV data.
2383              */
2384             if (tlen < length)
2385                 goto trunc;
2386 
2387             switch (type) {
2388 
2389             case BGP_AIGP_TLV:
2390                 if (length < 8)
2391                     goto trunc;
2392                 ND_PRINT(", metric %" PRIu64,
2393                           GET_BE_U_8(tptr));
2394                 break;
2395 
2396             default:
2397                 if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1) {
2398                     print_unknown_data(ndo, tptr,"\n\t      ", length);
2399                 }
2400             }
2401 
2402             tptr += length;
2403             tlen -= length;
2404         }
2405         break;
2406     }
2407     case BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET:
2408         ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
2409         if (len < 4)
2410             goto trunc;
2411         ND_PRINT("\n\t    Origin AS: %s",
2412                   as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(tptr)));
2413         tptr += 4;
2414         len -= 4;
2415 
2416         while (len) {
2417             u_int aflags, alenlen, alen;
2418 
2419             ND_TCHECK_2(tptr);
2420             if (len < 2) {
2421                 ND_PRINT(" [path attr too short]");
2422                 tptr += len;
2423                 break;
2424             }
2425             aflags = GET_U_1(tptr);
2426             atype = GET_U_1(tptr + 1);
2427             tptr += 2;
2428             len -= 2;
2429             alenlen = bgp_attr_lenlen(aflags, tptr);
2430             ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, alenlen);
2431             if (len < alenlen) {
2432                 ND_PRINT(" [path attr too short]");
2433                 tptr += len;
2434                 break;
2435             }
2436             alen = bgp_attr_len(aflags, tptr);
2437             tptr += alenlen;
2438             len -= alenlen;
2439 
2440             ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s (%u), length: %u",
2441                       tok2str(bgp_attr_values,
2442                               "Unknown Attribute", atype),
2443                       atype,
2444                       alen);
2445 
2446             if (aflags) {
2447                 ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s%s%s%s",
2448                           aflags & 0x80 ? "O" : "",
2449                           aflags & 0x40 ? "T" : "",
2450                           aflags & 0x20 ? "P" : "",
2451                           aflags & 0x10 ? "E" : "");
2452                 if (aflags & 0xf)
2453                     ND_PRINT("+%x", aflags & 0xf);
2454                 ND_PRINT("]");
2455             }
2456             ND_PRINT(": ");
2457             if (len < alen) {
2458                 ND_PRINT(" [path attr too short]");
2459                 tptr += len;
2460                 break;
2461             }
2462             /*
2463              * The protocol encoding per se allows ATTR_SET to be nested
2464              * as many times as the message can accommodate. This printer
2465              * used to be able to recurse into ATTR_SET contents until the
2466              * stack exhaustion, but now there is a limit on that (if live
2467              * protocol exchange goes that many levels deep, something is
2468              * probably wrong anyway). Feel free to refine this value if
2469              * you can find the spec with respective normative text.
2470              */
2471             if (attr_set_level == 10)
2472                 ND_PRINT("(too many nested levels, not recursing)");
2473             else if (!bgp_attr_print(ndo, atype, tptr, alen, attr_set_level + 1))
2474                 return 0;
2475             tptr += alen;
2476             len -= alen;
2477         }
2478         break;
2479 
2480     case BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY:
2481         if (len == 0 || len % 12) {
2482             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2483             break;
2484         }
2485         ND_PRINT("\n\t    ");
2486         while (len != 0) {
2487             ND_PRINT("%u:%u:%u%s",
2488                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr),
2489                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4),
2490                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 8),
2491                       (len > 12) ? ", " : "");
2492             tptr += 12;
2493             /*
2494              * len will always be a multiple of 12, as per the above,
2495              * so this will never underflow.
2496              */
2497             len -= 12;
2498         }
2499         break;
2500     default:
2501         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
2502         ND_PRINT("\n\t    no Attribute %u decoder", atype); /* we have no decoder for the attribute */
2503         if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1)
2504             print_unknown_data(ndo, pptr, "\n\t    ", len);
2505         break;
2506     }
2507 done:
2508     if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1 && len) { /* omit zero length attributes*/
2509         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
2510         print_unknown_data(ndo, pptr, "\n\t    ", len);
2511     }
2512     return 1;
2513 
2514 trunc:
2515     return 0;
2516 }
2517 
2518 static void
2519 bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2520                        const u_char *opt, u_int caps_len)
2521 {
2522     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
2523     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
2524     u_int cap_type, cap_len, tcap_len, cap_offset;
2525     u_int i = 0;
2526 
2527     while (i < caps_len) {
2528         ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, BGP_CAP_HEADER_SIZE);
2529         cap_type=GET_U_1(opt + i);
2530         cap_len=GET_U_1(opt + i + 1);
2531         ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s (%u), length: %u",
2532                   tok2str(bgp_capcode_values, "Unknown", cap_type),
2533                   cap_type,
2534                   cap_len);
2535         ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + 2 + i, cap_len);
2536         switch (cap_type) {
2537         case BGP_CAPCODE_MP:
2538             /* AFI (16 bits), Reserved (8 bits), SAFI (8 bits) */
2539             if (cap_len < 4) {
2540                 ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 4)");
2541                 return;
2542             }
2543             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tAFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u)",
2544                tok2str(af_values, "Unknown", GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2)),
2545                GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2),
2546                tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1(opt + i + 5)),
2547                GET_U_1(opt + i + 5));
2548             break;
2549         case BGP_CAPCODE_ML:
2550             cap_offset = 2;
2551             tcap_len = cap_len;
2552             while (tcap_len >= 4) {
2553                 ND_PRINT( "\n\t\tAFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Count: %u",
2554                        tok2str(af_values, "Unknown",
2555                                   GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset)),
2556                        GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset),
2557                        tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown",
2558                                   GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
2559                        GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2),
2560                        GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 3));
2561                 tcap_len -= 4;
2562                 cap_offset += 4;
2563             }
2564             break;
2565         case BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART:
2566             /* Restart Flags (4 bits), Restart Time in seconds (12 bits) */
2567             if (cap_len < 2) {
2568                 ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 2)");
2569                 return;
2570             }
2571             tcap_len=cap_len;
2572             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tRestart Flags: [%s], Restart Time %us",
2573                       ((GET_U_1(opt + i + 2))&0x80) ? "R" : "none",
2574                       GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2)&0xfff);
2575             tcap_len-=2;
2576             cap_offset=4;
2577             while(tcap_len>=4) {
2578                 ND_PRINT("\n\t\t  AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Forwarding state preserved: %s",
2579                           tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",
2580                                   GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset)),
2581                           GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset),
2582                           tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",
2583                                   GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
2584                           GET_U_1(opt + (i + cap_offset + 2)),
2585                           ((GET_U_1(opt + (i + cap_offset + 3)))&0x80) ? "yes" : "no" );
2586                 tcap_len -= 4;
2587                 cap_offset += 4;
2588             }
2589             break;
2590         case BGP_CAPCODE_RR:
2591         case BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR:
2592         case BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO:
2593             break;
2594         case BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW:
2595             /*
2596              * Extract the 4 byte AS number encoded.
2597              */
2598             if (cap_len < 4) {
2599                 ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 4)");
2600                 return;
2601             }
2602             ND_PRINT("\n\t\t 4 Byte AS %s",
2603                       as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
2604                       GET_BE_U_4(opt + i + 2)));
2605             break;
2606         case BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH:
2607             if (cap_len == 0) {
2608                 ND_PRINT(" (bogus)"); /* length */
2609                 break;
2610             }
2611             tcap_len=cap_len;
2612             cap_offset=2;
2613             while (tcap_len != 0) {
2614                 if (tcap_len < 4) {
2615                     nd_print_invalid(ndo);
2616                     break;
2617                 }
2618                 ND_PRINT("\n\t\tAFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Send/Receive: %s",
2619                           tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset)),
2620                           GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset),
2621                           tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
2622                           GET_U_1(opt + (i + cap_offset + 2)),
2623                           tok2str(bgp_add_path_recvsend,"Bogus (0x%02x)",GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 3))
2624                 );
2625                 tcap_len -= 4;
2626                 cap_offset += 4;
2627             }
2628             break;
2629         default:
2630             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tno decoder for Capability %u",
2631                       cap_type);
2632             if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1)
2633                 print_unknown_data(ndo, opt + i + 2, "\n\t\t",
2634                                    cap_len);
2635             break;
2636         }
2637         if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1 && cap_len != 0) {
2638             print_unknown_data(ndo, opt + i + 2, "\n\t\t", cap_len);
2639         }
2640         i += BGP_CAP_HEADER_SIZE + cap_len;
2641     }
2642     return;
2643 
2644 trunc:
2645     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
2646 }
2647 
2648 static void
2649 bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2650                const u_char *dat, u_int length)
2651 {
2652     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
2653     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
2654     const struct bgp_open *bgp_open_header;
2655     u_int optslen;
2656     const struct bgp_opt *bgpopt;
2657     const u_char *opt;
2658     u_int i;
2659 
2660     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_OPEN_SIZE);
2661     if (length < BGP_OPEN_SIZE)
2662         goto trunc;
2663 
2664     bgp_open_header = (const struct bgp_open *)dat;
2665 
2666     ND_PRINT("\n\t  Version %u, ",
2667         GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_version));
2668     ND_PRINT("my AS %s, ",
2669         as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_myas)));
2670     ND_PRINT("Holdtime %us, ",
2671         GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_holdtime));
2672     ND_PRINT("ID %s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(bgp_open_header->bgpo_id));
2673     optslen = GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_optlen);
2674     ND_PRINT("\n\t  Optional parameters, length: %u", optslen);
2675 
2676     opt = dat + BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
2677     length -= BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
2678 
2679     i = 0;
2680     while (i < optslen) {
2681         uint8_t opt_type, opt_len;
2682 
2683         ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, BGP_OPT_SIZE);
2684         if (length < BGP_OPT_SIZE + i)
2685             goto trunc;
2686         bgpopt = (const struct bgp_opt *)(opt + i);
2687         opt_type = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_type);
2688         opt_len = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_len);
2689         if (BGP_OPT_SIZE + i + opt_len > optslen) {
2690             ND_PRINT("\n\t     Option %u, length: %u, goes past the end of the options",
2691                       opt_type, opt_len);
2692             break;
2693         }
2694 
2695         ND_PRINT("\n\t    Option %s (%u), length: %u",
2696                   tok2str(bgp_opt_values,"Unknown",opt_type),
2697                   opt_type,
2698                   opt_len);
2699 
2700         /* now let's decode the options we know*/
2701         switch(opt_type) {
2702 
2703         case BGP_OPT_CAP:
2704             bgp_capabilities_print(ndo, opt + BGP_OPT_SIZE + i,
2705                                    opt_len);
2706             break;
2707 
2708         case BGP_OPT_AUTH:
2709         default:
2710                ND_PRINT("\n\t      no decoder for option %u",
2711                opt_type);
2712                break;
2713         }
2714         i += BGP_OPT_SIZE + opt_len;
2715     }
2716     return;
2717 trunc:
2718     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
2719 }
2720 
2721 static void
2722 bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2723                  const u_char *dat, u_int length)
2724 {
2725     const u_char *p;
2726     u_int withdrawn_routes_len;
2727     char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 100];
2728     int wpfx;
2729     u_int len;
2730     int i;
2731     int add_path;
2732     u_int path_id = 0;
2733 
2734     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_SIZE);
2735     if (length < BGP_SIZE)
2736         goto trunc;
2737     p = dat + BGP_SIZE;
2738     length -= BGP_SIZE;
2739 
2740     /* Unfeasible routes */
2741     ND_TCHECK_2(p);
2742     if (length < 2)
2743         goto trunc;
2744     withdrawn_routes_len = GET_BE_U_2(p);
2745     p += 2;
2746     length -= 2;
2747     if (withdrawn_routes_len > 1) {
2748         /*
2749          * Without keeping state from the original NLRI message,
2750          * it's not possible to tell if this a v4 or v6 route,
2751          * so only try to decode it if we're not v6 enabled.
2752          */
2753         ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, withdrawn_routes_len);
2754         if (length < withdrawn_routes_len)
2755             goto trunc;
2756         ND_PRINT("\n\t  Withdrawn routes:");
2757         add_path = check_add_path(ndo, p, withdrawn_routes_len, 32);
2758         while (withdrawn_routes_len != 0) {
2759             if (add_path) {
2760                 if (withdrawn_routes_len < 4) {
2761                     p += withdrawn_routes_len;
2762                     length -= withdrawn_routes_len;
2763                     break;
2764                 }
2765                 path_id = GET_BE_U_4(p);
2766                 p += 4;
2767                 length -= 4;
2768                 withdrawn_routes_len -= 4;
2769             }
2770             wpfx = decode_prefix4(ndo, p, withdrawn_routes_len, buf, sizeof(buf));
2771             if (wpfx == -1) {
2772                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
2773                 break;
2774             } else if (wpfx == -2)
2775                 goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
2776             else {
2777                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s", buf);
2778                 if (add_path) {
2779                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
2780                 }
2781                 p += wpfx;
2782                 length -= wpfx;
2783                 withdrawn_routes_len -= wpfx;
2784             }
2785         }
2786     } else {
2787         ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, withdrawn_routes_len);
2788         if (length < withdrawn_routes_len)
2789             goto trunc;
2790         p += withdrawn_routes_len;
2791         length -= withdrawn_routes_len;
2792     }
2793 
2794     ND_TCHECK_2(p);
2795     if (length < 2)
2796         goto trunc;
2797     len = GET_BE_U_2(p);
2798     p += 2;
2799     length -= 2;
2800 
2801     if (withdrawn_routes_len == 0 && len == 0 && length == 0) {
2802         /* No withdrawn routes, no path attributes, no NLRI */
2803         ND_PRINT("\n\t  End-of-Rib Marker (empty NLRI)");
2804         return;
2805     }
2806 
2807     if (len) {
2808         /* Make sure the path attributes don't go past the end of the packet */
2809         if (length < len)
2810             goto trunc;
2811         /* do something more useful!*/
2812         while (len) {
2813             uint8_t aflags, atype, alenlen;
2814             uint16_t alen;
2815 
2816             ND_TCHECK_2(p);
2817             if (length < 2)
2818                 goto trunc;
2819             if (len < 2) {
2820                 ND_PRINT("\n\t  [path attrs too short]");
2821                 p += len;
2822                 length -= len;
2823                 break;
2824             }
2825             aflags = GET_U_1(p);
2826             atype = GET_U_1(p + 1);
2827             p += 2;
2828             len -= 2;
2829             length -= 2;
2830             alenlen = bgp_attr_lenlen(aflags, p);
2831             ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, alenlen);
2832             if (length < alenlen)
2833                 goto trunc;
2834             if (len < alenlen) {
2835                 ND_PRINT("\n\t  [path attrs too short]");
2836                 p += len;
2837                 length -= len;
2838                 break;
2839             }
2840             alen = bgp_attr_len(aflags, p);
2841             p += alenlen;
2842             len -= alenlen;
2843             length -= alenlen;
2844 
2845             ND_PRINT("\n\t  %s (%u), length: %u",
2846                       tok2str(bgp_attr_values, "Unknown Attribute", atype),
2847                       atype,
2848                       alen);
2849 
2850             if (aflags) {
2851                 ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s%s%s%s",
2852                           aflags & 0x80 ? "O" : "",
2853                           aflags & 0x40 ? "T" : "",
2854                           aflags & 0x20 ? "P" : "",
2855                           aflags & 0x10 ? "E" : "");
2856                 if (aflags & 0xf)
2857                     ND_PRINT("+%x", aflags & 0xf);
2858                 ND_PRINT("]: ");
2859             }
2860             if (len < alen) {
2861                 ND_PRINT(" [path attrs too short]");
2862                 p += len;
2863                 length -= len;
2864                 break;
2865             }
2866             if (length < alen)
2867                 goto trunc;
2868             if (!bgp_attr_print(ndo, atype, p, alen, 0))
2869                 goto trunc;
2870             p += alen;
2871             len -= alen;
2872             length -= alen;
2873         }
2874     }
2875 
2876     if (length) {
2877         add_path = check_add_path(ndo, p, length, 32);
2878         ND_PRINT("\n\t  Updated routes:");
2879         while (length != 0) {
2880             if (add_path) {
2881                 ND_TCHECK_4(p);
2882                 if (length < 4)
2883                     goto trunc;
2884                 path_id = GET_BE_U_4(p);
2885                 p += 4;
2886                 length -= 4;
2887             }
2888             i = decode_prefix4(ndo, p, length, buf, sizeof(buf));
2889             if (i == -1) {
2890                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
2891                 break;
2892             } else if (i == -2)
2893                 goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
2894             else {
2895                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s", buf);
2896                 if (add_path) {
2897                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
2898                 }
2899                 p += i;
2900                 length -= i;
2901             }
2902         }
2903     }
2904     return;
2905 trunc:
2906     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
2907 }
2908 
2909 static void
2910 bgp_notification_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2911                        const u_char *dat, u_int length)
2912 {
2913     const struct bgp_notification *bgp_notification_header;
2914     const u_char *tptr;
2915     uint8_t bgpn_major, bgpn_minor;
2916 
2917     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE);
2918     if (length<BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE)
2919         return;
2920 
2921     bgp_notification_header = (const struct bgp_notification *)dat;
2922     bgpn_major = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_major);
2923     bgpn_minor = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_minor);
2924 
2925     ND_PRINT(", %s (%u)",
2926               tok2str(bgp_notify_major_values, "Unknown Error",
2927                       bgpn_major),
2928               bgpn_major);
2929 
2930     switch (bgpn_major) {
2931 
2932     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG:
2933         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2934                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_msg_values, "Unknown",
2935                           bgpn_minor),
2936                   bgpn_minor);
2937         break;
2938     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_OPEN:
2939         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2940                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_open_values, "Unknown",
2941                           bgpn_minor),
2942                   bgpn_minor);
2943         break;
2944     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_UPDATE:
2945         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2946                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_update_values, "Unknown",
2947                           bgpn_minor),
2948                   bgpn_minor);
2949         break;
2950     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM:
2951         ND_PRINT(" subcode %s (%u)",
2952                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_fsm_values, "Unknown",
2953                           bgpn_minor),
2954                   bgpn_minor);
2955         break;
2956     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP:
2957         ND_PRINT(" subcode %s (%u)",
2958                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_cap_values, "Unknown",
2959                           bgpn_minor),
2960                   bgpn_minor);
2961         break;
2962     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE:
2963         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2964                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_cease_values, "Unknown",
2965                           bgpn_minor),
2966                   bgpn_minor);
2967 
2968         /* RFC 4486 mentions optionally 7 bytes
2969          * for the maxprefix subtype, which may contain AFI, SAFI and MAXPREFIXES
2970          */
2971         if(bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX && length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 7) {
2972             tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
2973             ND_PRINT(", AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Max Prefixes: %u",
2974                       tok2str(af_values, "Unknown", GET_BE_U_2(tptr)),
2975                       GET_BE_U_2(tptr),
2976                       tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1((tptr + 2))),
2977                       GET_U_1((tptr + 2)),
2978                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 3));
2979         }
2980         /*
2981          * RFC 9003 describes a method to send a communication
2982          * intended for human consumption regarding the Administrative Shutdown
2983          */
2984         if ((bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT ||
2985              bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET) &&
2986              length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1) {
2987             tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
2988             uint8_t shutdown_comm_length = GET_U_1(tptr);
2989             uint8_t remainder_offset = 0;
2990             /* garbage, hexdump it all */
2991             if (shutdown_comm_length > length - (BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1)) {
2992                 ND_PRINT(", invalid Shutdown Communication length");
2993             } else if (shutdown_comm_length == 0) {
2994                 ND_PRINT(", empty Shutdown Communication");
2995                 remainder_offset += 1;
2996             }
2997             /* a proper shutdown communication */
2998             else {
2999                 ND_PRINT(", Shutdown Communication (length: %u): \"", shutdown_comm_length);
3000                 (void)nd_printn(ndo, tptr+1, shutdown_comm_length, NULL);
3001                 ND_PRINT("\"");
3002                 remainder_offset += shutdown_comm_length + 1;
3003             }
3004             /* if there is trailing data, hexdump it */
3005             if(length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE) > 0) {
3006                 ND_PRINT(", Data: (length: %u)", length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE));
3007                 hex_print(ndo, "\n\t\t", tptr + remainder_offset, length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE));
3008             }
3009         }
3010         break;
3011     default:
3012         break;
3013     }
3014 
3015     return;
3016 trunc:
3017     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3018 }
3019 
3020 static void
3021 bgp_route_refresh_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
3022                         const u_char *pptr, u_int len)
3023 {
3024     const struct bgp_route_refresh *bgp_route_refresh_header;
3025 
3026     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE);
3027 
3028     /* some little sanity checking */
3029     if (len<BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE)
3030         return;
3031 
3032     bgp_route_refresh_header = (const struct bgp_route_refresh *)pptr;
3033 
3034     ND_PRINT("\n\t  AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u)",
3035               tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",
3036                       GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi)),
3037               GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi),
3038               tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",
3039                       GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi)),
3040               GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi));
3041 
3042     if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1) {
3043         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
3044         print_unknown_data(ndo, pptr, "\n\t  ", len);
3045     }
3046 
3047     return;
3048 trunc:
3049     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3050 }
3051 
3052 static int
3053 bgp_pdu_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
3054               const u_char *dat, u_int length)
3055 {
3056     const struct bgp *bgp_header;
3057     uint8_t bgp_type;
3058 
3059     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_SIZE);
3060     bgp_header = (const struct bgp *)dat;
3061     bgp_type = GET_U_1(bgp_header->bgp_type);
3062 
3063     ND_PRINT("\n\t%s Message (%u), length: %u",
3064               tok2str(bgp_msg_values, "Unknown", bgp_type),
3065               bgp_type,
3066               length);
3067 
3068     switch (bgp_type) {
3069     case BGP_OPEN:
3070         bgp_open_print(ndo, dat, length);
3071         break;
3072     case BGP_UPDATE:
3073         bgp_update_print(ndo, dat, length);
3074         break;
3075     case BGP_NOTIFICATION:
3076         bgp_notification_print(ndo, dat, length);
3077         break;
3078     case BGP_KEEPALIVE:
3079         break;
3080     case BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH:
3081         bgp_route_refresh_print(ndo, dat, length);
3082         break;
3083     default:
3084         /* we have no decoder for the BGP message */
3085         ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, length);
3086         ND_PRINT("\n\t  no Message %u decoder", bgp_type);
3087         print_unknown_data(ndo, dat, "\n\t  ", length);
3088         break;
3089     }
3090     return 1;
3091 trunc:
3092     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3093     return 0;
3094 }
3095 
3096 void
3097 bgp_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
3098           const u_char *dat, u_int length _U_)
3099 {
3100     const u_char *p;
3101     const u_char *ep = ndo->ndo_snapend;
3102     const u_char *start;
3103     const u_char marker[] = {
3104         0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
3105         0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
3106     };
3107     const struct bgp *bgp_header;
3108     uint16_t hlen;
3109 
3110     ndo->ndo_protocol = "bgp";
3111     ND_PRINT(": BGP");
3112 
3113     if (ndo->ndo_vflag < 1) /* lets be less chatty */
3114         return;
3115 
3116     p = dat;
3117     start = p;
3118     while (p < ep) {
3119         if (!ND_TTEST_1(p))
3120             break;
3121         if (GET_U_1(p) != 0xff) {
3122             p++;
3123             continue;
3124         }
3125 
3126         if (!ND_TTEST_LEN(p, sizeof(marker)))
3127             break;
3128         if (memcmp(p, marker, sizeof(marker)) != 0) {
3129             p++;
3130             continue;
3131         }
3132 
3133         /* found BGP header */
3134         ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, BGP_SIZE);
3135         bgp_header = (const struct bgp *)p;
3136 
3137         if (start != p)
3138             nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3139 
3140         hlen = GET_BE_U_2(bgp_header->bgp_len);
3141         if (hlen < BGP_SIZE) {
3142             ND_PRINT("\nmessage length %u < %u", hlen, BGP_SIZE);
3143             nd_print_invalid(ndo);
3144             break;
3145         }
3146 
3147         if (ND_TTEST_LEN(p, hlen)) {
3148             if (!bgp_pdu_print(ndo, p, hlen))
3149                 return;
3150             p += hlen;
3151             start = p;
3152         } else {
3153             ND_PRINT("\n[|BGP %s]",
3154                       tok2str(bgp_msg_values,
3155                               "Unknown Message Type",
3156                               GET_U_1(bgp_header->bgp_type)));
3157             break;
3158         }
3159     }
3160 
3161     return;
3162 
3163 trunc:
3164     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3165 }
3166