xref: /freebsd/contrib/tcpdump/print-bgp.c (revision 783d3ff6d7fae619db8a7990b8a6387de0c677b5)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 1999 WIDE Project.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  * Extensively modified by Hannes Gredler (hannes@gredler.at) for more
30  * complete BGP support.
31  */
32 
33 /* \summary: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) printer */
34 
35 /* specification: RFC 4271 */
36 
37 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
38 #include <config.h>
39 #endif
40 
41 #include "netdissect-stdinc.h"
42 
43 #include <stdio.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 
46 #include "netdissect.h"
47 #include "addrtoname.h"
48 #include "extract.h"
49 #include "af.h"
50 #include "l2vpn.h"
51 
52 struct bgp {
53     nd_byte     bgp_marker[16];
54     nd_uint16_t bgp_len;
55     nd_uint8_t  bgp_type;
56 };
57 #define BGP_SIZE        19    /* unaligned */
58 
59 #define BGP_OPEN                1
60 #define BGP_UPDATE              2
61 #define BGP_NOTIFICATION        3
62 #define BGP_KEEPALIVE           4
63 #define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH       5
64 
65 static const struct tok bgp_msg_values[] = {
66     { BGP_OPEN,                 "Open"},
67     { BGP_UPDATE,               "Update"},
68     { BGP_NOTIFICATION,         "Notification"},
69     { BGP_KEEPALIVE,            "Keepalive"},
70     { BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH,        "Route Refresh"},
71     { 0, NULL}
72 };
73 
74 struct bgp_open {
75     nd_byte     bgpo_marker[16];
76     nd_uint16_t bgpo_len;
77     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_type;
78     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_version;
79     nd_uint16_t bgpo_myas;
80     nd_uint16_t bgpo_holdtime;
81     nd_uint32_t bgpo_id;
82     nd_uint8_t  bgpo_optlen;
83     /* options should follow */
84 };
85 #define BGP_OPEN_SIZE        29    /* unaligned */
86 
87 struct bgp_opt {
88     nd_uint8_t bgpopt_type;
89     nd_uint8_t bgpopt_len;
90     /* variable length */
91 };
92 #define BGP_OPT_SIZE           2    /* some compilers may pad to 4 bytes */
93 #define BGP_CAP_HEADER_SIZE    2    /* some compilers may pad to 4 bytes */
94 
95 struct bgp_notification {
96     nd_byte     bgpn_marker[16];
97     nd_uint16_t bgpn_len;
98     nd_uint8_t  bgpn_type;
99     nd_uint8_t  bgpn_major;
100     nd_uint8_t  bgpn_minor;
101 };
102 #define BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE        21    /* unaligned */
103 
104 struct bgp_route_refresh {
105     nd_byte     bgp_marker[16];
106     nd_uint16_t len;
107     nd_uint8_t  type;   /* No padding after this; afi is, in fact, not aligned */
108     nd_uint16_t afi;
109     nd_uint8_t  res;
110     nd_uint8_t  safi;
111 };
112 #define BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE          23
113 
114 #define bgp_attr_lenlen(flags, p) \
115     (((flags) & 0x10) ? 2U : 1U)
116 #define bgp_attr_len(flags, p) \
117     (((flags) & 0x10) ? GET_BE_U_2(p) : GET_U_1(p))
118 
119 #define BGPTYPE_ORIGIN                   1
120 #define BGPTYPE_AS_PATH                  2
121 #define BGPTYPE_NEXT_HOP                 3
122 #define BGPTYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC          4
123 #define BGPTYPE_LOCAL_PREF               5
124 #define BGPTYPE_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE         6
125 #define BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR               7
126 #define BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES              8    /* RFC1997 */
127 #define BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID            9    /* RFC4456 */
128 #define BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST            10    /* RFC4456 */
129 #define BGPTYPE_DPA                     11    /* deprecated, draft-ietf-idr-bgp-dpa */
130 #define BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS             12    /* deprecated RFC1863 */
131 #define BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH               13    /* deprecated RFC1863 */
132 #define BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI           14    /* RFC4760 */
133 #define BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI         15    /* RFC4760 */
134 #define BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES        16    /* RFC4360 */
135 #define BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH                17    /* RFC6793 */
136 #define BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR4             18    /* RFC6793 */
137 #define BGPTYPE_PMSI_TUNNEL             22    /* RFC6514 */
138 #define BGPTYPE_TUNNEL_ENCAP            23    /* RFC5512 */
139 #define BGPTYPE_TRAFFIC_ENG             24    /* RFC5543 */
140 #define BGPTYPE_IPV6_EXTD_COMMUNITIES   25    /* RFC5701 */
141 #define BGPTYPE_AIGP                    26    /* RFC7311 */
142 #define BGPTYPE_PE_DISTINGUISHER_LABEL  27    /* RFC6514 */
143 #define BGPTYPE_ENTROPY_LABEL           28    /* RFC6790 */
144 #define BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY         32    /* draft-ietf-idr-large-community-05 */
145 #define BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET               128    /* RFC6368 */
146 
147 #define BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE              3    /* End of RIB Marker detection */
148 
149 static const struct tok bgp_attr_values[] = {
150     { BGPTYPE_ORIGIN,           "Origin"},
151     { BGPTYPE_AS_PATH,          "AS Path"},
152     { BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH,         "AS4 Path"},
153     { BGPTYPE_NEXT_HOP,         "Next Hop"},
154     { BGPTYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC,  "Multi Exit Discriminator"},
155     { BGPTYPE_LOCAL_PREF,       "Local Preference"},
156     { BGPTYPE_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE, "Atomic Aggregate"},
157     { BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR,       "Aggregator"},
158     { BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR4,      "Aggregator4"},
159     { BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES,      "Community"},
160     { BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID,    "Originator ID"},
161     { BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST,     "Cluster List"},
162     { BGPTYPE_DPA,              "DPA"},
163     { BGPTYPE_ADVERTISERS,      "Advertisers"},
164     { BGPTYPE_RCID_PATH,        "RCID Path / Cluster ID"},
165     { BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI,    "Multi-Protocol Reach NLRI"},
166     { BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI,  "Multi-Protocol Unreach NLRI"},
167     { BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES, "Extended Community"},
168     { BGPTYPE_PMSI_TUNNEL,      "PMSI Tunnel"},
169     { BGPTYPE_TUNNEL_ENCAP,     "Tunnel Encapsulation"},
170     { BGPTYPE_TRAFFIC_ENG,      "Traffic Engineering"},
171     { BGPTYPE_IPV6_EXTD_COMMUNITIES, "IPv6 Extended Community"},
172     { BGPTYPE_AIGP,             "Accumulated IGP Metric"},
173     { BGPTYPE_PE_DISTINGUISHER_LABEL, "PE Distinguisher Label"},
174     { BGPTYPE_ENTROPY_LABEL,    "Entropy Label"},
175     { BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY,  "Large Community"},
176     { BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET,         "Attribute Set"},
177     { 255,                      "Reserved for development"},
178     { 0, NULL}
179 };
180 
181 #define BGP_AS_SET             1
182 #define BGP_AS_SEQUENCE        2
183 #define BGP_CONFED_AS_SEQUENCE 3 /* draft-ietf-idr-rfc3065bis-01 */
184 #define BGP_CONFED_AS_SET      4 /* draft-ietf-idr-rfc3065bis-01  */
185 
186 #define BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MIN    BGP_AS_SET
187 #define BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MAX    BGP_CONFED_AS_SET
188 
189 static const struct tok bgp_as_path_segment_open_values[] = {
190     { BGP_AS_SEQUENCE,         ""},
191     { BGP_AS_SET,              "{ "},
192     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SEQUENCE,  "( "},
193     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SET,       "({ "},
194     { 0, NULL}
195 };
196 
197 static const struct tok bgp_as_path_segment_close_values[] = {
198     { BGP_AS_SEQUENCE,         ""},
199     { BGP_AS_SET,              "}"},
200     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SEQUENCE,  ")"},
201     { BGP_CONFED_AS_SET,       "})"},
202     { 0, NULL}
203 };
204 
205 #define BGP_OPT_AUTH                    1
206 #define BGP_OPT_CAP                     2
207 
208 static const struct tok bgp_opt_values[] = {
209     { BGP_OPT_AUTH,             "Authentication Information"},
210     { BGP_OPT_CAP,              "Capabilities Advertisement"},
211     { 0, NULL}
212 };
213 
214 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MP                  1 /* RFC2858 */
215 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RR                  2 /* RFC2918 */
216 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ORF                 3 /* RFC5291 */
217 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MR                  4 /* RFC3107 */
218 #define BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH              5 /* RFC5549 */
219 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ML                  8 /* RFC8277 */
220 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART            64 /* RFC4724  */
221 #define BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW             65 /* RFC6793 */
222 #define BGP_CAPCODE_DYN_CAP            67 /* draft-ietf-idr-dynamic-cap */
223 #define BGP_CAPCODE_MULTISESS          68 /* draft-ietf-idr-bgp-multisession */
224 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH           69 /* RFC7911 */
225 #define BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR             70 /* draft-keyur-bgp-enhanced-route-refresh */
226 #define BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR               71 /* draft-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence-05 */
227 #define BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO          128
228 
229 static const struct tok bgp_capcode_values[] = {
230     { BGP_CAPCODE_MP,           "Multiprotocol Extensions"},
231     { BGP_CAPCODE_RR,           "Route Refresh"},
232     { BGP_CAPCODE_ORF,          "Cooperative Route Filtering"},
233     { BGP_CAPCODE_MR,           "Multiple Routes to a Destination"},
234     { BGP_CAPCODE_EXT_NH,       "Extended Next Hop Encoding"},
235     { BGP_CAPCODE_ML,           "Multiple Labels"},
236     { BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART,      "Graceful Restart"},
237     { BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW,       "32-Bit AS Number"},
238     { BGP_CAPCODE_DYN_CAP,      "Dynamic Capability"},
239     { BGP_CAPCODE_MULTISESS,    "Multisession BGP"},
240     { BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH,     "Multiple Paths"},
241     { BGP_CAPCODE_ENH_RR,       "Enhanced Route Refresh"},
242     { BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR,         "Long-lived Graceful Restart"},
243     { BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO,     "Route Refresh (Cisco)"},
244     { 0, NULL}
245 };
246 
247 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG            1
248 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_OPEN           2
249 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_UPDATE         3
250 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_HOLDTIME       4
251 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM            5
252 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE          6
253 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP            7
254 
255 static const struct tok bgp_notify_major_values[] = {
256     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG,     "Message Header Error"},
257     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_OPEN,    "OPEN Message Error"},
258     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_UPDATE,  "UPDATE Message Error"},
259     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_HOLDTIME,"Hold Timer Expired"},
260     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM,     "Finite State Machine Error"},
261     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE,   "Cease"},
262     { BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP,     "Capability Message Error"},
263     { 0, NULL}
264 };
265 
266 /* RFC 4486 */
267 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX  1
268 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT     2
269 #define BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET    4
270 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cease_values[] = {
271     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX, "Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached"},
272     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT,    "Administrative Shutdown"},
273     { 3,                        "Peer Unconfigured"},
274     { BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET,   "Administrative Reset"},
275     { 5,                        "Connection Rejected"},
276     { 6,                        "Other Configuration Change"},
277     { 7,                        "Connection Collision Resolution"},
278     { 0, NULL}
279 };
280 
281 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_msg_values[] = {
282     { 1,                        "Connection Not Synchronized"},
283     { 2,                        "Bad Message Length"},
284     { 3,                        "Bad Message Type"},
285     { 0, NULL}
286 };
287 
288 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_open_values[] = {
289     { 1,                        "Unsupported Version Number"},
290     { 2,                        "Bad Peer AS"},
291     { 3,                        "Bad BGP Identifier"},
292     { 4,                        "Unsupported Optional Parameter"},
293     { 5,                        "Authentication Failure"},
294     { 6,                        "Unacceptable Hold Time"},
295     { 7,                        "Capability Message Error"},
296     { 0, NULL}
297 };
298 
299 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_update_values[] = {
300     { 1,                        "Malformed Attribute List"},
301     { 2,                        "Unrecognized Well-known Attribute"},
302     { 3,                        "Missing Well-known Attribute"},
303     { 4,                        "Attribute Flags Error"},
304     { 5,                        "Attribute Length Error"},
305     { 6,                        "Invalid ORIGIN Attribute"},
306     { 7,                        "AS Routing Loop"},
307     { 8,                        "Invalid NEXT_HOP Attribute"},
308     { 9,                        "Optional Attribute Error"},
309     { 10,                       "Invalid Network Field"},
310     { 11,                       "Malformed AS_PATH"},
311     { 0, NULL}
312 };
313 
314 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_fsm_values[] = {
315     { 0,                        "Unspecified Error"},
316     { 1,                        "In OpenSent State"},
317     { 2,                        "In OpenConfirm State"},
318     { 3,                        "In Established State"},
319     { 0, NULL }
320 };
321 
322 static const struct tok bgp_notify_minor_cap_values[] = {
323     { 1,                        "Invalid Action Value" },
324     { 2,                        "Invalid Capability Length" },
325     { 3,                        "Malformed Capability Value" },
326     { 4,                        "Unsupported Capability Code" },
327     { 0, NULL }
328 };
329 
330 static const struct tok bgp_origin_values[] = {
331     { 0,                        "IGP"},
332     { 1,                        "EGP"},
333     { 2,                        "Incomplete"},
334     { 0, NULL}
335 };
336 
337 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP 1
338 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP  2
339 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM   3
340 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM    4
341 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR 5
342 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS   6
343 #define BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP 7
344 
345 static const struct tok bgp_pmsi_tunnel_values[] = {
346     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP, "RSVP-TE P2MP LSP"},
347     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP, "LDP P2MP LSP"},
348     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM, "PIM-SSM Tree"},
349     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM, "PIM-SM Tree"},
350     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR, "PIM-Bidir Tree"},
351     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS, "Ingress Replication"},
352     { BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP, "LDP MP2MP LSP"},
353     { 0, NULL}
354 };
355 
356 static const struct tok bgp_pmsi_flag_values[] = {
357     { 0x01, "Leaf Information required"},
358     { 0, NULL}
359 };
360 
361 #define BGP_AIGP_TLV 1
362 
363 static const struct tok bgp_aigp_values[] = {
364     { BGP_AIGP_TLV, "AIGP"},
365     { 0, NULL}
366 };
367 
368 /* Subsequent address family identifier, RFC2283 section 7 */
369 #define SAFNUM_RES                      0
370 #define SAFNUM_UNICAST                  1
371 #define SAFNUM_MULTICAST                2
372 #define SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST             3       /* deprecated now */
373 /* labeled BGP RFC3107 */
374 #define SAFNUM_LABUNICAST               4
375 /* RFC6514 */
376 #define SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN            5
377 /* draft-nalawade-kapoor-tunnel-safi */
378 #define SAFNUM_TUNNEL                   64
379 /* RFC4761 */
380 #define SAFNUM_VPLS                     65
381 /* RFC6037 */
382 #define SAFNUM_MDT                      66
383 /* RFC7432 */
384 #define SAFNUM_EVPN                     70
385 /* RFC4364 */
386 #define SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST               128
387 /* RFC6513 */
388 #define SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST             129
389 #define SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST          130     /* deprecated now */
390 /* RFC4684 */
391 #define SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO          132
392 
393 #define BGP_VPN_RD_LEN                  8
394 
395 static const struct tok bgp_safi_values[] = {
396     { SAFNUM_RES,               "Reserved"},
397     { SAFNUM_UNICAST,           "Unicast"},
398     { SAFNUM_MULTICAST,         "Multicast"},
399     { SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST,      "Unicast+Multicast"},
400     { SAFNUM_LABUNICAST,        "labeled Unicast"},
401     { SAFNUM_TUNNEL,            "Tunnel"},
402     { SAFNUM_VPLS,              "VPLS"},
403     { SAFNUM_MDT,               "MDT"},
404     { SAFNUM_EVPN,              "EVPN"},
405     { SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST,        "labeled VPN Unicast"},
406     { SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST,      "labeled VPN Multicast"},
407     { SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST,   "labeled VPN Unicast+Multicast"},
408     { SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO,   "Route Target Routing Information"},
409     { SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN,     "Multicast VPN"},
410     { 0, NULL }
411 };
412 
413 /* well-known community */
414 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT              0xffffff01
415 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_ADVERT              0xffffff02
416 #define BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED    0xffffff03
417 
418 /* Extended community type - RFC 4360 */
419 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0        0x0002  /* Route Target,Format AS(2bytes):AN(4bytes) */
420 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1        0x0102  /* Route Target,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
421 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2        0x0202  /* Route Target,Format AN(4bytes):local(2bytes) */
422 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_0        0x0003  /* Route Origin,Format AS(2bytes):AN(4bytes) */
423 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1        0x0103  /* Route Origin,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
424 #define BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2        0x0203  /* Route Origin,Format AN(4bytes):local(2bytes) */
425 #define BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND    0x4004  /* Link Bandwidth,Format AS(2B):Bandwidth(4B) */
426                                         /* rfc2547 bgp-mpls-vpns */
427 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN  0x0005  /* OSPF Domain ID / VPN of Origin  - draft-rosen-vpns-ospf-bgp-mpls */
428 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2 0x0105  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
429 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3 0x0205  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
430 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN4 0x8005  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
431 
432 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE  0x0306  /* OSPF Route Type,Format Area(4B):RouteType(1B):Options(1B) */
433 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE2 0x8000  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
434 #define BGP_EXT_COM_ENCAP       0x030c  /* rfc5512 */
435 
436 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID    0x0107  /* OSPF Router ID,Format RouterID(4B):Unused(2B) */
437 #define BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID2   0x8001  /* duplicate - keep for backwards compatibility */
438 
439 #define BGP_EXT_COM_L2INFO      0x800a  /* draft-kompella-ppvpn-l2vpn */
440 
441 #define BGP_EXT_COM_SOURCE_AS   0x0009  /* RFC-ietf-l3vpn-2547bis-mcast-bgp-08.txt */
442 #define BGP_EXT_COM_VRF_RT_IMP  0x010b  /* RFC-ietf-l3vpn-2547bis-mcast-bgp-08.txt */
443 #define BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_0  0x000a  /* L2VPN Identifier,Format AS(2bytes):AN(4bytes) */
444 #define BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_1  0xF10a  /* L2VPN Identifier,Format IP address:AN(2bytes) */
445 
446 /* https://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk436/tk428/technologies_tech_note09186a00801eb09a.shtml  */
447 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_GEN                    0x8800
448 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_AS_DELAY        0x8801
449 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_REL_NH_BW       0x8802
450 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_LOAD_MTU        0x8803
451 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMAS_REMID        0x8804
452 #define BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMPROTO_REMMETRIC 0x8805
453 
454 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_flag_values[] = {
455     { 0x8000,                  "vendor-specific"},
456     { 0x4000,                  "non-transitive"},
457     { 0, NULL},
458 };
459 
460 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_subtype_values[] = {
461     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0,        "target"},
462     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1,        "target"},
463     { BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2,        "target"},
464     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_0,        "origin"},
465     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1,        "origin"},
466     { BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2,        "origin"},
467     { BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND,    "link-BW"},
468     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN,  "ospf-domain"},
469     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2, "ospf-domain"},
470     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3, "ospf-domain"},
471     { BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN4, "ospf-domain"},
472     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE,  "ospf-route-type"},
473     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE2, "ospf-route-type"},
474     { BGP_EXT_COM_ENCAP,       "encapsulation"},
475     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID,    "ospf-router-id"},
476     { BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID2,   "ospf-router-id"},
477     { BGP_EXT_COM_L2INFO,      "layer2-info"},
478     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_GEN,   "eigrp-general-route (flag, tag)" },
479     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_AS_DELAY, "eigrp-route-metric (AS, delay)" },
480     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_REL_NH_BW, "eigrp-route-metric (reliability, nexthop, bandwidth)" },
481     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_METRIC_LOAD_MTU, "eigrp-route-metric (load, MTU)" },
482     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMAS_REMID, "eigrp-external-route (remote-AS, remote-ID)" },
483     { BGP_EXT_COM_EIGRP_EXT_REMPROTO_REMMETRIC, "eigrp-external-route (remote-proto, remote-metric)" },
484     { BGP_EXT_COM_SOURCE_AS, "source-AS" },
485     { BGP_EXT_COM_VRF_RT_IMP, "vrf-route-import"},
486     { BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_0, "l2vpn-id"},
487     { BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_1, "l2vpn-id"},
488     { 0, NULL},
489 };
490 
491 /* RFC RFC5512 BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types */
492 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_L2TPV3_IP  1
493 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_GRE        2
494 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_TRANSMIT   3
495 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPSEC      4
496 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IPSEC   5
497 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_IP    6
498 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IP      7
499 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN      8
500 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_NVGRE      9
501 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS       10
502 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_GRE   11
503 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN_GPE  12
504 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_UDP   13
505 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPV6       14
506 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR_TE      15
507 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_BARE       16
508 #define BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR         17
509 
510 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_encap_tunnel_values[] = {
511     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_L2TPV3_IP,    "L2TPv3 over IP"},
512     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_GRE,          "GRE"},
513     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_TRANSMIT,     "Transmit Tunnel"},
514     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPSEC,        "IPsec"},
515     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IPSEC,     "IP in IP with IPsec"},
516     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_IP,      "MPLS in IP with IPsec"},
517     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IP_IP,        "IP in IP"},
518     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN,        "VXLAN"},
519     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_NVGRE,        "NVGRE"},
520     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS,         "MPLS"},
521     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_GRE,     "MPLS in GRE"},
522     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_VXLAN_GPE,    "VXLAN GPE"},
523     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_MPLS_UDP,     "MPLS in UDP"},
524     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_IPV6,         "IPv6"},
525     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR_TE,        "SR TE"},
526     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_BARE,         "Bare"},
527     { BGP_ENCAP_TUNNEL_SR,           "SR"},
528     { 0, NULL},
529 };
530 
531 /* OSPF codes for  BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE draft-rosen-vpns-ospf-bgp-mpls  */
532 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_RTR      1 /* OSPF Router LSA */
533 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NET      2 /* OSPF Network LSA */
534 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SUM      3 /* OSPF Summary LSA */
535 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_EXT      5 /* OSPF External LSA, note that ASBR doesn't apply to MPLS-VPN */
536 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NSSA     7 /* OSPF NSSA External*/
537 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SHAM     129 /* OSPF-MPLS-VPN Sham link */
538 #define BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_METRIC_TYPE 0x1 /* LSB of RTYPE Options Field */
539 
540 static const struct tok bgp_extd_comm_ospf_rtype_values[] = {
541   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_RTR, "Router" },
542   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NET, "Network" },
543   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SUM, "Summary" },
544   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_EXT, "External" },
545   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NSSA,"NSSA External" },
546   { BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_SHAM,"MPLS-VPN Sham" },
547   { 0, NULL },
548 };
549 
550 /* ADD-PATH Send/Receive field values */
551 static const struct tok bgp_add_path_recvsend[] = {
552     { 1, "Receive" },
553     { 2, "Send" },
554     { 3, "Both" },
555     { 0, NULL },
556 };
557 
558 #define AS_STR_SIZE sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx")
559 
560 /*
561  * as_printf
562  *
563  * Convert an AS number into a string and return string pointer.
564  *
565  * Depending on bflag is set or not, AS number is converted into ASDOT notation
566  * or plain number notation.
567  *
568  */
569 static char *
570 as_printf(netdissect_options *ndo,
571           char *str, size_t size, u_int asnum)
572 {
573     if (!ndo->ndo_bflag || asnum <= 0xFFFF) {
574         snprintf(str, size, "%u", asnum);
575     } else {
576         snprintf(str, size, "%u.%u", asnum >> 16, asnum & 0xFFFF);
577     }
578     return str;
579 }
580 
581 #define ITEMCHECK(minlen) if (itemlen < minlen) goto badtlv;
582 
583 int
584 decode_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
585                const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
586 {
587     nd_ipv4 addr;
588     u_int plen, plenbytes;
589 
590     ITEMCHECK(1);
591     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);
592     if (32 < plen)
593         return -1;
594     itemlen -= 1;
595 
596     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
597     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
598     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
599     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 1, plenbytes);
600     if (plen % 8) {
601         ((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
602     }
603     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
604     return 1 + plenbytes;
605 
606 badtlv:
607     return -2;
608 }
609 
610 static int
611 decode_labeled_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
612                        const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf,
613                        size_t buflen)
614 {
615     nd_ipv4 addr;
616     u_int plen, plenbytes;
617 
618     /* prefix length and label = 4 bytes */
619     ND_TCHECK_4(pptr);
620     ITEMCHECK(4);
621     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
622 
623     /* this is one of the weirdnesses of rfc3107
624        the label length (actually the label + COS bits)
625        is added to the prefix length;
626        we also do only read out just one label -
627        there is no real application for advertisement of
628        stacked labels in a single BGP message
629     */
630 
631     if (24 > plen)
632         return -1;
633 
634     plen-=24; /* adjust prefixlen - labellength */
635 
636     if (32 < plen)
637         return -1;
638     itemlen -= 4;
639 
640     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
641     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
642     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
643     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
644     if (plen % 8) {
645         ((u_char *)&addr)[plenbytes - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
646     }
647     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
648     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u, label:%u %s",
649              ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
650              plen,
651              GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
652              ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
653 
654     return 4 + plenbytes;
655 
656 trunc:
657     return -2;
658 
659 badtlv:
660     return -3;
661 }
662 
663 /*
664  * bgp_vpn_ip_print
665  *
666  * print an ipv4 or ipv6 address into a buffer dependent on address length.
667  */
668 static char *
669 bgp_vpn_ip_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
670                  const u_char *pptr, u_int addr_length)
671 {
672 
673     /* worst case string is s fully formatted v6 address */
674     static char addr[sizeof("1234:5678:89ab:cdef:1234:5678:89ab:cdef")];
675     char *pos = addr;
676 
677     switch(addr_length) {
678     case (sizeof(nd_ipv4) << 3): /* 32 */
679         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
680         break;
681     case (sizeof(nd_ipv6) << 3): /* 128 */
682         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "%s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(pptr));
683         break;
684     default:
685         snprintf(pos, sizeof(addr), "bogus address length %u", addr_length);
686         break;
687     }
688     pos += strlen(pos);
689 
690     *(pos) = '\0';
691     return (addr);
692 }
693 
694 /*
695  * bgp_vpn_sg_print
696  *
697  * print an multicast s,g entry into a buffer.
698  * the s,g entry is encoded like this.
699  *
700  * +-----------------------------------+
701  * | Multicast Source Length (1 octet) |
702  * +-----------------------------------+
703  * |   Multicast Source (Variable)     |
704  * +-----------------------------------+
705  * |  Multicast Group Length (1 octet) |
706  * +-----------------------------------+
707  * |  Multicast Group   (Variable)     |
708  * +-----------------------------------+
709  *
710  * return the number of bytes read from the wire.
711  */
712 static u_int
713 bgp_vpn_sg_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
714                  const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
715 {
716     uint8_t addr_length;
717     u_int total_length, offset;
718 
719     total_length = 0;
720 
721     /* Source address length, encoded in bits */
722     addr_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
723     pptr++;
724 
725     /* Source address */
726     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, (addr_length >> 3));
727     total_length += (addr_length >> 3) + 1;
728     offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
729     if (addr_length) {
730         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Source %s",
731              bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
732         pptr += (addr_length >> 3);
733     }
734 
735     /* Group address length, encoded in bits */
736     addr_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
737     pptr++;
738 
739     /* Group address */
740     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, (addr_length >> 3));
741     total_length += (addr_length >> 3) + 1;
742     offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
743     if (addr_length) {
744         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Group %s",
745              bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length));
746         pptr += (addr_length >> 3);
747     }
748 
749 trunc:
750     return (total_length);
751 }
752 
753 /* Print an RFC 4364 Route Distinguisher */
754 const char *
755 bgp_vpn_rd_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
756                  const u_char *pptr)
757 {
758     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
759     static char rd[sizeof("xxxxx.xxxxx:xxxxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxxx)")];
760     char *pos = rd;
761     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
762     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
763 
764     /* ok lets load the RD format */
765     switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
766 
767     case 0:
768         /* 2-byte-AS:number fmt */
769         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "%u:%u (= %u.%u.%u.%u)",
770                     GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 2),
771                     GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4),
772                     GET_U_1(pptr + 4), GET_U_1(pptr + 5),
773                     GET_U_1(pptr + 6), GET_U_1(pptr + 7));
774         break;
775 
776     case 1:
777         /* IP-address:AS fmt */
778         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "%u.%u.%u.%u:%u",
779                     GET_U_1(pptr + 2), GET_U_1(pptr + 3),
780                     GET_U_1(pptr + 4), GET_U_1(pptr + 5),
781                     GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
782         break;
783 
784     case 2:
785         /* 4-byte-AS:number fmt */
786         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "%s:%u (%u.%u.%u.%u:%u)",
787                     as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 2)),
788                     GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6), GET_U_1(pptr + 2),
789                     GET_U_1(pptr + 3), GET_U_1(pptr + 4),
790                     GET_U_1(pptr + 5), GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
791         break;
792     default:
793         snprintf(pos, sizeof(rd) - (pos - rd), "unknown RD format");
794         break;
795     }
796     pos += strlen(pos);
797     *(pos) = '\0';
798     return (rd);
799 }
800 
801 /*
802  * Print an RFC 4360 Extended Community.
803  */
804 static void
805 bgp_extended_community_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
806                              const u_char *pptr)
807 {
808     union { /* copy buffer for bandwidth values */
809         float f;
810         uint32_t i;
811     } bw;
812     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
813     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
814 
815     switch (GET_BE_U_2(pptr)) {
816 
817     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0:
818     case BGP_EXT_COM_RO_0:
819     case BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_0:
820         ND_PRINT("%u:%u (= %s)",
821                  GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 2),
822                  GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4),
823                  GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+4));
824         break;
825 
826     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1:
827     case BGP_EXT_COM_RO_1:
828     case BGP_EXT_COM_L2VPN_RT_1:
829     case BGP_EXT_COM_VRF_RT_IMP:
830         ND_PRINT("%s:%u",
831                  GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+2),
832                  GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
833         break;
834 
835     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2:
836         case BGP_EXT_COM_RO_2:
837             ND_PRINT("%s:%u",
838                      as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
839                      GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 2)), GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6));
840             break;
841 
842     case BGP_EXT_COM_LINKBAND:
843             bw.i = GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 4);
844             ND_PRINT("bandwidth: %.3f Mbps",
845                      bw.f*8/1000000);
846             break;
847 
848     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN:
849     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN2:
850     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN3:
851     case BGP_EXT_COM_VPN_ORIGIN4:
852     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID:
853     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RID2:
854         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+2));
855         break;
856 
857     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE:
858     case BGP_EXT_COM_OSPF_RTYPE2:
859         ND_PRINT("area:%s, router-type:%s, metric-type:%s%s",
860                  GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+2),
861                  tok2str(bgp_extd_comm_ospf_rtype_values,
862                          "unknown (0x%02x)",
863                          GET_U_1((pptr + 6))),
864                  (GET_U_1(pptr + 7) &  BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_METRIC_TYPE) ? "E2" : "",
865                  ((GET_U_1(pptr + 6) == BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_EXT) || (GET_U_1(pptr + 6) == BGP_OSPF_RTYPE_NSSA)) ? "E1" : "");
866         break;
867 
868     case BGP_EXT_COM_L2INFO:
869         ND_PRINT("%s Control Flags [0x%02x]:MTU %u",
870                  tok2str(l2vpn_encaps_values,
871                          "unknown encaps",
872                          GET_U_1((pptr + 2))),
873                  GET_U_1((pptr + 3)),
874                  GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 4));
875         break;
876 
877     case BGP_EXT_COM_SOURCE_AS:
878         ND_PRINT("AS %u", GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 2));
879         break;
880 
881     case BGP_EXT_COM_ENCAP:
882         ND_PRINT("Tunnel type: %s", tok2str(bgp_extd_comm_encap_tunnel_values,
883                                            "unknown encaps",
884                                            GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 6)));
885         break;
886 
887     default:
888         ND_PRINT("%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
889                  GET_U_1(pptr + 2),
890                  GET_U_1(pptr + 3),
891                  GET_U_1(pptr + 4),
892                  GET_U_1(pptr + 5),
893                  GET_U_1(pptr + 6),
894                  GET_U_1(pptr + 7));
895         break;
896     }
897 }
898 
899 /*
900  * RFC4684 (Section 4)/RFC2858 (Section 4).
901  * RTC membership prefix is structured as follows
902  * [prefix-len] [origin-as] [route-target]
903  * The route-target is encoded as RT ext-comms.
904  * Prefix-len may be 0, 32..96
905  *
906  * Note that pptr is not packet data - it is
907  * a buffer owned by our caller - therefore GET_*
908  * macros can not be used.
909  */
910 static char *
911 bgp_rt_prefix_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
912                     const u_char *pptr,
913                     u_int plen)
914 {
915     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
916     char rtc_prefix_in_hex[sizeof("0000 0000 0000 0000")] = "";
917     u_int rtc_prefix_in_hex_len = 0;
918     static char output[61]; /* max response string */
919     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
920     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
921     uint16_t ec_type = 0;
922     u_int octet_count;
923     u_int i;
924 
925     if (plen == 0) {
926         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: 0:0/0");
927         return (output);
928     }
929 
930     /* hex representation of the prefix */
931     octet_count = (plen+7)/8;
932     for (i=0; i<octet_count; i++) {
933         rtc_prefix_in_hex_len += snprintf(rtc_prefix_in_hex+rtc_prefix_in_hex_len,
934                                 sizeof(rtc_prefix_in_hex)-rtc_prefix_in_hex_len,
935                                 "%02x%s", *(pptr+i),
936                                 ((i%2 == 1) && (i<octet_count-1)) ? " " : "");
937             }
938 
939     if (plen < 16) {
940 	/*
941 	 * The prefix is too short to include the full ext-comm type,
942 	 * so we have no way to parse it further.
943 	 */
944         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: partial-type: (%s/%d)",
945                  rtc_prefix_in_hex, plen);
946         return (output);
947     }
948 
949     /*
950      * get the ext-comm type
951      * Note: pptr references a static 8 octet buffer with unused bits set to 0,
952      * hence EXTRACT_*() macros are safe.
953      */
954     ec_type = EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr);
955     switch (ec_type) {
956     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_0:
957         /* 2-byte-AS:number fmt */
958         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: %u:%u/%d (%s)",
959                  EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr+2),
960                  EXTRACT_BE_U_4(pptr+4),
961                  plen, rtc_prefix_in_hex);
962         break;
963 
964     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_1:
965         /* IP-address:AS fmt */
966         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: %u.%u.%u.%u:%u/%d (%s)",
967                  *(pptr+2), *(pptr+3), *(pptr+4), *(pptr+5),
968                  EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr+6), plen, rtc_prefix_in_hex);
969         break;
970 
971     case BGP_EXT_COM_RT_2:
972         /* 4-byte-AS:number fmt */
973         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route-target: %s:%u/%d (%s)",
974                  as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), EXTRACT_BE_U_4(pptr+2)),
975                  EXTRACT_BE_U_2(pptr+6), plen, rtc_prefix_in_hex);
976         break;
977 
978     default:
979         snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "route target: unknown-type(%04x) (%s/%d)",
980                  ec_type,
981                  rtc_prefix_in_hex, plen);
982         break;
983     }
984     return (output);
985 }
986 
987 /* RFC 4684 */
988 static int
989 decode_rt_routing_info(netdissect_options *ndo,
990                        const u_char *pptr)
991 {
992     uint8_t route_target[8];
993     u_int plen;
994     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
995     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
996     u_int num_octets;
997 
998     /* NLRI "prefix length" from RFC 2858 Section 4. */
999     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1000 
1001     /* NLRI "prefix" (ibid), valid lengths are { 0, 32, 33, ..., 96 } bits.
1002      * RFC 4684 Section 4 defines the layout of "origin AS" and "route
1003      * target" fields inside the "prefix" depending on its length.
1004      */
1005     if (0 == plen) {
1006         /* Without "origin AS", without "route target". */
1007         ND_PRINT("\n\t      default route target");
1008         return 1;
1009     }
1010 
1011     if (32 > plen) {
1012         ND_PRINT("\n\t      (illegal prefix length)");
1013         return -1;
1014     }
1015 
1016     /* With at least "origin AS", possibly with "route target". */
1017     as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(pptr + 1));
1018 
1019     plen -= 32; /* adjust prefix length */
1020 
1021     if (64 < plen) {
1022         ND_PRINT("\n\t      (illegal prefix length)");
1023         return -1;
1024     }
1025 
1026     /* From now on (plen + 7) / 8 evaluates to { 0, 1, 2, ..., 8 }
1027      * and gives the number of octets in the variable-length "route
1028      * target" field inside this NLRI "prefix". Look for it.
1029      */
1030     memset(&route_target, 0, sizeof(route_target));
1031     num_octets = (plen + 7) / 8;
1032     GET_CPY_BYTES(&route_target, pptr + 5, num_octets);
1033     /* If mask-len is not on octet boundary, ensure all extra bits are 0 */
1034     if (plen % 8) {
1035         ((u_char *)&route_target)[num_octets - 1] &=
1036             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1037     }
1038     ND_PRINT("\n\t      origin AS: %s, %s",
1039              astostr,
1040              bgp_rt_prefix_print(ndo, (u_char *)&route_target, plen));
1041 
1042     return 5 + num_octets;
1043 }
1044 
1045 static int
1046 decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(netdissect_options *ndo,
1047                            const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1048 {
1049     nd_ipv4 addr;
1050     u_int plen;
1051 
1052     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1053 
1054     if ((24+64) > plen)
1055         return -1;
1056 
1057     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
1058 
1059     if (32 < plen)
1060         return -1;
1061 
1062     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1063     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
1064     if (plen % 8) {
1065         ((u_char *)&addr)[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
1066             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1067     }
1068     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1069     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
1070                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
1071                 ipaddr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
1072                 plen,
1073                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1074                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1075 
1076     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1077 }
1078 
1079 /*
1080  * +-------------------------------+
1081  * |                               |
1082  * |  RD:IPv4-address (12 octets)  |
1083  * |                               |
1084  * +-------------------------------+
1085  * |  MDT Group-address (4 octets) |
1086  * +-------------------------------+
1087  */
1088 
1089 #define MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN 16
1090 
1091 static int
1092 decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(netdissect_options *ndo,
1093                     const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1094 {
1095     const u_char *rd;
1096     const u_char *vpn_ip;
1097 
1098     /* if the NLRI is not predefined length, quit.*/
1099     if (GET_U_1(pptr) != MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN * 8)
1100         return -1;
1101     pptr++;
1102 
1103     /* RD */
1104     ND_TCHECK_8(pptr);
1105     rd = pptr;
1106     pptr += 8;
1107 
1108     /* IPv4 address */
1109     vpn_ip = pptr;
1110     pptr += sizeof(nd_ipv4);
1111 
1112     /* MDT Group Address */
1113     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, VPN IP Address: %s, MC Group Address: %s",
1114                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, rd), GET_IPADDR_STRING(vpn_ip), GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr));
1115 
1116     return MDT_VPN_NLRI_LEN + 1;
1117 
1118  trunc:
1119     return -2;
1120 }
1121 
1122 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI   1
1123 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI   2
1124 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI            3
1125 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_SEG_LEAF 4
1126 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE     5
1127 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN  6
1128 #define BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN  7
1129 
1130 static const struct tok bgp_multicast_vpn_route_type_values[] = {
1131     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI, "Intra-AS I-PMSI"},
1132     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI, "Inter-AS I-PMSI"},
1133     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI, "S-PMSI"},
1134     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_SEG_LEAF, "Intra-AS Segment-Leaf"},
1135     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE, "Source-Active"},
1136     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN, "Shared Tree Join"},
1137     { BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN, "Source Tree Join"},
1138     { 0, NULL}
1139 };
1140 
1141 static int
1142 decode_multicast_vpn(netdissect_options *ndo,
1143                      const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1144 {
1145     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
1146     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
1147     uint8_t route_type, route_length;
1148     u_int addr_length, sg_length;
1149     u_int offset;
1150 
1151     route_type = GET_U_1(pptr);
1152     pptr++;
1153     route_length = GET_U_1(pptr);
1154     pptr++;
1155 
1156     snprintf(buf, buflen, "Route-Type: %s (%u), length: %u",
1157          tok2str(bgp_multicast_vpn_route_type_values,
1158                  "Unknown", route_type),
1159          route_type, route_length);
1160 
1161     switch(route_type) {
1162     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_I_PMSI:
1163         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
1164         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1165         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Originator %s",
1166                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1167                     bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN,
1168                                      (route_length - BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) << 3));
1169         break;
1170     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTER_AS_I_PMSI:
1171         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4);
1172         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1173         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
1174         bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1175         as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1176         GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
1177         break;
1178 
1179     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_S_PMSI:
1180         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
1181         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1182         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s",
1183                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
1184         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN;
1185 
1186         sg_length = bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
1187         addr_length =  route_length - sg_length;
1188 
1189         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, addr_length);
1190         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1191         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", Originator %s",
1192                     bgp_vpn_ip_print(ndo, pptr, addr_length << 3));
1193         break;
1194 
1195     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_ACTIVE:
1196         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
1197         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1198         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s",
1199                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr));
1200         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN;
1201 
1202         bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
1203         break;
1204 
1205     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SHARED_TREE_JOIN: /* fall through */
1206     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_SOURCE_TREE_JOIN:
1207         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4);
1208         offset = (u_int)strlen(buf);
1209         snprintf(buf + offset, buflen - offset, ", RD: %s, Source-AS %s",
1210                     bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1211                     as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1212                     GET_BE_U_4(pptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN)));
1213         pptr += BGP_VPN_RD_LEN + 4;
1214 
1215         bgp_vpn_sg_print(ndo, pptr, buf, buflen);
1216         break;
1217 
1218         /*
1219          * no per route-type printing yet.
1220          */
1221     case BGP_MULTICAST_VPN_ROUTE_TYPE_INTRA_AS_SEG_LEAF:
1222     default:
1223         break;
1224     }
1225 
1226     return route_length + 2;
1227 
1228 trunc:
1229     return -2;
1230 }
1231 
1232 /*
1233  * As I remember, some versions of systems have an snprintf() that
1234  * returns -1 if the buffer would have overflowed.  If the return
1235  * value is negative, set buflen to 0, to indicate that we've filled
1236  * the buffer up.
1237  *
1238  * If the return value is greater than buflen, that means that
1239  * the buffer would have overflowed; again, set buflen to 0 in
1240  * that case.
1241  */
1242 #define UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen) \
1243     if (stringlen<0) \
1244         buflen=0; \
1245     else if ((u_int)stringlen>buflen) \
1246         buflen=0; \
1247     else { \
1248         buflen-=stringlen; \
1249         buf+=stringlen; \
1250     }
1251 
1252 static int
1253 decode_labeled_vpn_l2(netdissect_options *ndo,
1254                       const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1255 {
1256     u_int plen, tlen, tlv_type, tlv_len, ttlv_len;
1257     int stringlen;
1258 
1259     plen = GET_BE_U_2(pptr);
1260     tlen = plen;
1261     pptr += 2;
1262     /* Old and new L2VPN NLRI share AFI/SAFI
1263      *   -> Assume a 12 Byte-length NLRI is auto-discovery-only
1264      *      and > 17 as old format. Complain for the middle case
1265      */
1266     if (plen == 12) {
1267         /* assume AD-only with RD, BGPNH */
1268         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, 12);
1269         buf[0] = '\0';
1270         stringlen = snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, BGPNH: %s",
1271                                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1272                                 GET_IPADDR_STRING(pptr+8));
1273         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1274         pptr += 12;
1275         tlen -= 12;
1276         return plen + 2;
1277     } else if (plen > 17) {
1278         /* assume old format */
1279         /* RD, ID, LBLKOFF, LBLBASE */
1280 
1281         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, 15);
1282         buf[0] = '\0';
1283         stringlen = snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, CE-ID: %u, Label-Block Offset: %u, Label Base %u",
1284                                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr),
1285                                 GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 8),
1286                                 GET_BE_U_2(pptr + 10),
1287                                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 12)>>4); /* the label is offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1288         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1289         pptr += 15;
1290         tlen -= 15;
1291 
1292         /* ok now the variable part - lets read out TLVs*/
1293         while (tlen != 0) {
1294             if (tlen < 3) {
1295                 if (buflen != 0) {
1296                     stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tran past the end");
1297                     UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1298                 }
1299                 return plen + 2;
1300             }
1301             tlv_type = GET_U_1(pptr);
1302             pptr++;
1303             tlv_len = GET_BE_U_2(pptr);  /* length, in *bits* */
1304             ttlv_len = (tlv_len + 7)/8;      /* length, in *bytes* */
1305             pptr += 2;
1306 
1307             switch(tlv_type) {
1308             case 1:
1309                 if (buflen != 0) {
1310                     stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tcircuit status vector (%u) length: %u: 0x",
1311                                           tlv_type,
1312                                           tlv_len);
1313                     UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1314                 }
1315                 while (ttlv_len != 0) {
1316                     if (tlen < 1) {
1317                         if (buflen != 0) {
1318                             stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, " (ran past the end)");
1319                             UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1320                         }
1321                         return plen + 2;
1322                     }
1323                     ND_TCHECK_1(pptr);
1324                     if (buflen != 0) {
1325                         stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "%02x",
1326                                               GET_U_1(pptr));
1327                         pptr++;
1328                         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1329                     }
1330                     ttlv_len--;
1331                     tlen--;
1332                 }
1333                 break;
1334             default:
1335                 if (buflen != 0) {
1336                     stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, "\n\t\tunknown TLV #%u, length: %u",
1337                                           tlv_type,
1338                                           tlv_len);
1339                     UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1340                 }
1341                 if (tlen < ttlv_len) {
1342                     if (buflen != 0) {
1343                         stringlen=snprintf(buf,buflen, " (ran past the end)");
1344                         UPDATE_BUF_BUFLEN(buf, buflen, stringlen);
1345                     }
1346                     return plen + 2;
1347                 }
1348                 tlen -= ttlv_len;
1349                 break;
1350             }
1351         }
1352         return plen + 2;
1353     } else {
1354         /* complain bitterly ? */
1355         /* fall through */
1356         goto trunc;
1357     }
1358 
1359 trunc:
1360     return -2;
1361 }
1362 
1363 int
1364 decode_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
1365                const u_char *pd, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1366 {
1367     nd_ipv6 addr;
1368     u_int plen, plenbytes;
1369 
1370     ITEMCHECK(1);
1371     plen = GET_U_1(pd);
1372     if (128 < plen)
1373         return -1;
1374     itemlen -= 1;
1375 
1376     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1377     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
1378     ITEMCHECK(plenbytes);
1379     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pd + 1, plenbytes);
1380     if (plen % 8) {
1381         addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
1382             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1383     }
1384     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u", ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr), plen);
1385     return 1 + plenbytes;
1386 
1387 badtlv:
1388     return -2;
1389 }
1390 
1391 static int
1392 decode_labeled_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
1393                const u_char *pptr, u_int itemlen, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1394 {
1395     nd_ipv6 addr;
1396     u_int plen, plenbytes;
1397 
1398     /* prefix length and label = 4 bytes */
1399     ND_TCHECK_4(pptr);
1400     ITEMCHECK(4);
1401     plen = GET_U_1(pptr); /* get prefix length */
1402 
1403     if (24 > plen)
1404         return -1;
1405 
1406     plen -= 24; /* adjust prefixlen - labellength */
1407 
1408     if (128 < plen)
1409         return -1;
1410     itemlen -= 4;
1411 
1412     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1413     plenbytes = (plen + 7) / 8;
1414     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, plenbytes);
1415     if (plen % 8) {
1416         addr[plenbytes - 1] &=
1417             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1418     }
1419     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1420     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u, label:%u %s",
1421                 ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
1422                 plen,
1423                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1424                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1425 
1426     return 4 + plenbytes;
1427 
1428 trunc:
1429     return -2;
1430 
1431 badtlv:
1432     return -3;
1433 }
1434 
1435 static int
1436 decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(netdissect_options *ndo,
1437                            const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1438 {
1439     nd_ipv6 addr;
1440     u_int plen;
1441 
1442     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1443 
1444     if ((24+64) > plen)
1445         return -1;
1446 
1447     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
1448 
1449     if (128 < plen)
1450         return -1;
1451 
1452     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1453     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
1454     if (plen % 8) {
1455         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
1456             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1457     }
1458     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1459     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
1460                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
1461                 ip6addr_string(ndo, (const u_char *)&addr),
1462                 plen,
1463                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1464                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1465 
1466     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1467 }
1468 
1469 static int
1470 decode_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
1471                    const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1472 {
1473     uint8_t addr[19];
1474     u_int plen;
1475 
1476     plen = GET_U_1(pptr); /* get prefix length */
1477 
1478     if (152 < plen)
1479         return -1;
1480 
1481     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1482     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 4, (plen + 7) / 8);
1483     if (plen % 8) {
1484         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &=
1485             ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1486     }
1487     /* Cannot use GET_ISONSAP_STRING (not packet buffer pointer) */
1488     snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s/%u",
1489                 isonsap_string(ndo, addr,(plen + 7) / 8),
1490                 plen);
1491 
1492     return 1 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1493 }
1494 
1495 static int
1496 decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(netdissect_options *ndo,
1497                                const u_char *pptr, char *buf, size_t buflen)
1498 {
1499     uint8_t addr[19];
1500     u_int plen;
1501 
1502     plen = GET_U_1(pptr);   /* get prefix length */
1503 
1504     if ((24+64) > plen)
1505         return -1;
1506 
1507     plen -= (24+64); /* adjust prefixlen - labellength - RD len*/
1508 
1509     if (152 < plen)
1510         return -1;
1511 
1512     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
1513     GET_CPY_BYTES(&addr, pptr + 12, (plen + 7) / 8);
1514     if (plen % 8) {
1515         addr[(plen + 7) / 8 - 1] &= ((0xff00 >> (plen % 8)) & 0xff);
1516     }
1517     /* the label may get offsetted by 4 bits so lets shift it right */
1518     /* Cannot use GET_ISONSAP_STRING (not packet buffer pointer) */
1519     snprintf(buf, buflen, "RD: %s, %s/%u, label:%u %s",
1520                 bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, pptr+4),
1521                 isonsap_string(ndo, addr,(plen + 7) / 8),
1522                 plen,
1523                 GET_BE_U_3(pptr + 1)>>4,
1524                 ((GET_U_1(pptr + 3) & 1) == 0) ? "(BOGUS: Bottom of Stack NOT set!)" : "(bottom)" );
1525 
1526     return 12 + (plen + 7) / 8;
1527 }
1528 
1529 /*
1530  * bgp_attr_get_as_size
1531  *
1532  * Try to find the size of the ASs encoded in an as-path. It is not obvious, as
1533  * both Old speakers that do not support 4 byte AS, and the new speakers that do
1534  * support, exchange AS-Path with the same path-attribute type value 0x02.
1535  */
1536 static u_int
1537 bgp_attr_get_as_size(netdissect_options *ndo,
1538                      uint8_t bgpa_type, const u_char *pptr, u_int len)
1539 {
1540     const u_char *tptr = pptr;
1541 
1542     /*
1543      * If the path attribute is the optional AS4 path type, then we already
1544      * know, that ASs must be encoded in 4 byte format.
1545      */
1546     if (bgpa_type == BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH) {
1547         return 4;
1548     }
1549 
1550     /*
1551      * Let us assume that ASs are of 2 bytes in size, and check if the AS-Path
1552      * TLV is good. If not, ask the caller to try with AS encoded as 4 bytes
1553      * each.
1554      */
1555     while (tptr < pptr + len) {
1556         /*
1557          * If we do not find a valid segment type, our guess might be wrong.
1558          */
1559         if (GET_U_1(tptr) < BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MIN || GET_U_1(tptr) > BGP_AS_SEG_TYPE_MAX) {
1560             goto trunc;
1561         }
1562         tptr += 2 + GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * 2;
1563     }
1564 
1565     /*
1566      * If we correctly reached end of the AS path attribute data content,
1567      * then most likely ASs were indeed encoded as 2 bytes.
1568      */
1569     if (tptr == pptr + len) {
1570         return 2;
1571     }
1572 
1573 trunc:
1574 
1575     /*
1576      * We can come here, either we did not have enough data, or if we
1577      * try to decode 4 byte ASs in 2 byte format. Either way, return 4,
1578      * so that calller can try to decode each AS as of 4 bytes. If indeed
1579      * there was not enough data, it will crib and end the parse anyways.
1580      */
1581     return 4;
1582 }
1583 
1584 /*
1585  * The only way to know that a BGP UPDATE message is using add path is
1586  * by checking if the capability is in the OPEN message which we may have missed.
1587  * So this function checks if it is possible that the update could contain add path
1588  * and if so it checks that standard BGP doesn't make sense.
1589  */
1590 static int
1591 check_add_path(netdissect_options *ndo, const u_char *pptr, u_int length,
1592                u_int max_prefix_length)
1593 {
1594     u_int offset, prefix_length;
1595 
1596     if (length < 5) {
1597         return 0;
1598     }
1599 
1600     /*
1601      * Scan through the NLRI information under the assumpetion that
1602      * it doesn't have path IDs.
1603      */
1604     for (offset = 0; offset < length;) {
1605         offset += 4;
1606         if (!ND_TTEST_1(pptr + offset)) {
1607             /* We ran out of captured data; quit scanning. */
1608             break;
1609         }
1610         prefix_length = GET_U_1(pptr + offset);
1611         /*
1612          * Add 4 to cover the path id
1613          * and check the prefix length isn't greater than 32/128.
1614          */
1615         if (prefix_length > max_prefix_length) {
1616             return 0;
1617         }
1618         /* Add 1 for the prefix_length byte and prefix_length to cover the address */
1619         offset += 1 + ((prefix_length + 7) / 8);
1620     }
1621     /* check we haven't gone past the end of the section */
1622     if (offset > length) {
1623         return 0;
1624     }
1625 
1626     /* check it's not standard BGP */
1627     for (offset = 0; offset < length; ) {
1628         if (!ND_TTEST_1(pptr + offset)) {
1629             /* We ran out of captured data; quit scanning. */
1630             break;
1631         }
1632         prefix_length = GET_U_1(pptr + offset);
1633         /*
1634          * If the prefix_length is zero (0.0.0.0/0)
1635          * and since it's not the only address (length >= 5)
1636          * then it is add-path
1637          */
1638         if (prefix_length < 1 || prefix_length > max_prefix_length) {
1639             return 1;
1640         }
1641         offset += 1 + ((prefix_length + 7) / 8);
1642     }
1643     if (offset > length) {
1644         return 1;
1645     }
1646 
1647     /* assume not add-path by default */
1648     return 0;
1649 }
1650 
1651 static int
1652 bgp_mp_af_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
1653 	        const u_char *tptr, u_int tlen,
1654 		uint16_t *afp, uint8_t *safip)
1655 {
1656 	uint16_t af;
1657 	uint8_t safi;
1658 
1659         af = GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
1660 	*afp = af;
1661         safi = GET_U_1(tptr + 2);
1662 	*safip = safi;
1663 
1664         ND_PRINT("\n\t    AFI: %s (%u), %sSAFI: %s (%u)",
1665                   tok2str(af_values, "Unknown AFI", af),
1666                   af,
1667                   (safi>128) ? "vendor specific " : "", /* 128 is meanwhile wellknown */
1668                   tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown SAFI", safi),
1669                   safi);
1670 
1671         switch(af<<8 | safi) {
1672         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1673         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1674         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1675         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1676         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
1677         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1678         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1679         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1680         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
1681         case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
1682         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1683         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1684         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1685         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1686         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1687         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1688         case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1689         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1690         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1691         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1692         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1693         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1694         case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1695         case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1696         case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1697         case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1698         case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
1699             break;
1700         default:
1701             ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, tlen);
1702             ND_PRINT("\n\t    no AFI %u / SAFI %u decoder", af, safi);
1703             if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1)
1704                 print_unknown_data(ndo, tptr, "\n\t    ", tlen);
1705             return -1;
1706         }
1707 	return 0;
1708 trunc:
1709 	return -2;
1710 }
1711 
1712 static int
1713 bgp_nlri_print(netdissect_options *ndo, uint16_t af, uint8_t safi,
1714 	       const u_char *tptr, u_int len,
1715 	       char *buf, size_t buflen,
1716 	       int add_path4, int add_path6)
1717 {
1718 	int advance;
1719 	u_int path_id = 0;
1720 
1721 	switch (af<<8 | safi) {
1722             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1723             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1724             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1725                 if (add_path4) {
1726                     path_id = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
1727                     tptr += 4;
1728                 }
1729                 advance = decode_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1730                 if (advance == -1)
1731                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1732                 else if (advance == -2)
1733                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1734                 else
1735                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1736                 if (add_path4) {
1737                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
1738 		    advance += 4;
1739                 }
1740                 break;
1741             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1742                 advance = decode_labeled_prefix4(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1743                 if (advance == -1)
1744                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1745                 else if (advance == -2)
1746                     goto trunc;
1747                 else if (advance == -3)
1748                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1749                 else
1750                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1751                 break;
1752             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1753             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1754             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1755                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix4(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1756                 if (advance == -1)
1757                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1758                 else
1759                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1760                 break;
1761             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
1762                 advance = decode_rt_routing_info(ndo, tptr);
1763                 break;
1764             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN): /* fall through */
1765             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
1766                 advance = decode_multicast_vpn(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1767                 if (advance == -1)
1768                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1769                 else if (advance == -2)
1770                     goto trunc;
1771                 else
1772                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1773                 break;
1774 
1775             case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
1776                 advance = decode_mdt_vpn_nlri(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1777                 if (advance == -1)
1778                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1779                 else if (advance == -2)
1780                     goto trunc;
1781                 else
1782                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1783                 break;
1784             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1785             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1786             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1787                 if (add_path6) {
1788                     path_id = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
1789                     tptr += 4;
1790                 }
1791                 advance = decode_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1792                 if (advance == -1)
1793                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1794                 else if (advance == -2)
1795                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1796                 else
1797                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1798                 if (add_path6) {
1799                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
1800 		    advance += 4;
1801                 }
1802                 break;
1803             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
1804                 advance = decode_labeled_prefix6(ndo, tptr, len, buf, buflen);
1805                 if (advance == -1)
1806                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1807                 else if (advance == -2)
1808                     goto trunc;
1809                 else if (advance == -3)
1810                     break; /* bytes left, but not enough */
1811                 else
1812                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1813                 break;
1814             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1815             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1816             case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1817                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_prefix6(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1818                 if (advance == -1)
1819                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1820                 else
1821                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1822                 break;
1823             case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
1824             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1825             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1826             case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1827                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_l2(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1828                 if (advance == -1)
1829                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal length)");
1830                 else if (advance == -2)
1831                     goto trunc;
1832                 else
1833                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1834                 break;
1835             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
1836             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
1837             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
1838                 advance = decode_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1839                 if (advance == -1)
1840                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1841                 else
1842                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1843                 break;
1844             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
1845             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
1846             case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
1847                 advance = decode_labeled_vpn_clnp_prefix(ndo, tptr, buf, buflen);
1848                 if (advance == -1)
1849                     ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
1850                 else
1851                     ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s", buf);
1852                 break;
1853             default:
1854 		/*
1855 		 * This should not happen, we should have been protected
1856 		 * by bgp_mp_af_print()'s return value.
1857 		 */
1858                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    ERROR: no AFI %u / SAFI %u decoder", af, safi);
1859                 advance = -4;
1860                 break;
1861 	}
1862 	return advance;
1863 trunc:	/* we rely on the caller to recognize -2 return value */
1864 	return -2;
1865 }
1866 
1867 static int
1868 bgp_attr_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
1869                uint8_t atype, const u_char *pptr, u_int len,
1870                const unsigned attr_set_level)
1871 {
1872     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
1873     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
1874     u_int i;
1875     uint16_t af;
1876     uint8_t safi, snpa, nhlen;
1877     int advance;
1878     u_int tlen;
1879     const u_char *tptr;
1880     char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 100];
1881     u_int as_size;
1882     int add_path4, add_path6;
1883     int ret;
1884 
1885     tptr = pptr;
1886     tlen = len;
1887 
1888     switch (atype) {
1889     case BGPTYPE_ORIGIN:
1890         if (len != 1)
1891             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1892         else {
1893             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_origin_values,
1894                       "Unknown Origin Typecode",
1895                       GET_U_1(tptr)));
1896         }
1897         break;
1898 
1899     /*
1900      * Process AS4 byte path and AS2 byte path attributes here.
1901      */
1902     case BGPTYPE_AS4_PATH:
1903     case BGPTYPE_AS_PATH:
1904         if (len % 2) {
1905             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1906             break;
1907         }
1908         if (!len) {
1909             ND_PRINT("empty");
1910             break;
1911         }
1912 
1913         /*
1914          * BGP updates exchanged between New speakers that support 4
1915          * byte AS, ASs are always encoded in 4 bytes. There is no
1916          * definitive way to find this, just by the packet's
1917          * contents. So, check for packet's TLV's sanity assuming
1918          * 2 bytes first, and it does not pass, assume that ASs are
1919          * encoded in 4 bytes format and move on.
1920          */
1921         as_size = bgp_attr_get_as_size(ndo, atype, pptr, len);
1922 
1923         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
1924             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_as_path_segment_open_values,
1925                       "?", GET_U_1(tptr)));
1926             for (i = 0; i < GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * as_size; i += as_size) {
1927                 ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr + 2 + i, as_size);
1928                 ND_PRINT("%s ",
1929                           as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1930                           as_size == 2 ?
1931                               GET_BE_U_2(tptr + i + 2) :
1932                               GET_BE_U_4(tptr + i + 2)));
1933             }
1934             ND_PRINT("%s", tok2str(bgp_as_path_segment_close_values,
1935                       "?", GET_U_1(tptr)));
1936             tptr += 2 + GET_U_1(tptr + 1) * as_size;
1937         }
1938         break;
1939     case BGPTYPE_NEXT_HOP:
1940         if (len != 4)
1941             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1942         else {
1943             ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
1944         }
1945         break;
1946     case BGPTYPE_MULTI_EXIT_DISC:
1947     case BGPTYPE_LOCAL_PREF:
1948         if (len != 4)
1949             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1950         else {
1951             ND_PRINT("%u", GET_BE_U_4(tptr));
1952         }
1953         break;
1954     case BGPTYPE_ATOMIC_AGGREGATE:
1955         if (len != 0)
1956             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1957         break;
1958     case BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR:
1959 
1960         /*
1961          * Depending on the AS encoded is of 2 bytes or of 4 bytes,
1962          * the length of this PA can be either 6 bytes or 8 bytes.
1963          */
1964         if (len != 6 && len != 8) {
1965             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1966             break;
1967         }
1968         ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, len);
1969         if (len == 6) {
1970             ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
1971                       as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_2(tptr)),
1972                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 2));
1973         } else {
1974             ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
1975                       as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
1976                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr)), GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 4));
1977         }
1978         break;
1979     case BGPTYPE_AGGREGATOR4:
1980         if (len != 8) {
1981             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1982             break;
1983         }
1984         ND_PRINT(" AS #%s, origin %s",
1985                   as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(tptr)),
1986                   GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr + 4));
1987         break;
1988     case BGPTYPE_COMMUNITIES:
1989         if (len % 4) {
1990             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
1991             break;
1992         }
1993         while (tlen != 0) {
1994             uint32_t comm;
1995             ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
1996             if (tlen < 4)
1997                 goto trunc;
1998             comm = GET_BE_U_4(tptr);
1999             switch (comm) {
2000             case BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT:
2001                 ND_PRINT(" NO_EXPORT");
2002                 break;
2003             case BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_ADVERT:
2004                 ND_PRINT(" NO_ADVERTISE");
2005                 break;
2006             case BGP_COMMUNITY_NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED:
2007                 ND_PRINT(" NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED");
2008                 break;
2009             default:
2010                 ND_PRINT("%u:%u%s",
2011                          (comm >> 16) & 0xffff,
2012                          comm & 0xffff,
2013                          (tlen>4) ? ", " : "");
2014                 break;
2015             }
2016             tlen -=4;
2017             tptr +=4;
2018         }
2019         break;
2020     case BGPTYPE_ORIGINATOR_ID:
2021         if (len != 4) {
2022             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2023             break;
2024         }
2025         ND_PRINT("%s",GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2026         break;
2027     case BGPTYPE_CLUSTER_LIST:
2028         if (len % 4) {
2029             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2030             break;
2031         }
2032         while (tlen != 0) {
2033             if (tlen < 4)
2034                 goto trunc;
2035             ND_PRINT("%s%s",
2036                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2037                       (tlen>4) ? ", " : "");
2038             tlen -=4;
2039             tptr +=4;
2040         }
2041         break;
2042     case BGPTYPE_MP_REACH_NLRI:
2043         ND_TCHECK_3(tptr);
2044         if (tlen < 3)
2045             goto trunc;
2046 	ret = bgp_mp_af_print(ndo, tptr, tlen, &af, &safi);
2047 	if (ret == -2)
2048 	    goto trunc;
2049 	if (ret < 0)
2050 	    break;
2051 
2052         tptr += 3;
2053         tlen -= 3;
2054 
2055         ND_TCHECK_1(tptr);
2056         if (tlen < 1)
2057             goto trunc;
2058         nhlen = GET_U_1(tptr);
2059         tptr++;
2060         tlen--;
2061 
2062         if (nhlen) {
2063             u_int nnh = 0;
2064             uint8_t tnhlen = nhlen;
2065             if (tlen < tnhlen)
2066                 goto trunc;
2067             ND_PRINT("\n\t    nexthop: ");
2068             while (tnhlen != 0) {
2069                 if (nnh++ > 0) {
2070                     ND_PRINT(", " );
2071                 }
2072                 switch(af<<8 | safi) {
2073                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
2074                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
2075                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
2076                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
2077                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_RT_ROUTING_INFO):
2078                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST_VPN):
2079                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_MDT):
2080                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)) {
2081                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2082                         tptr += tnhlen;
2083                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2084                         tnhlen = 0;
2085                     } else {
2086                         ND_PRINT("%s",GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2087                         tptr += sizeof(nd_ipv4);
2088                         tnhlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv4);
2089                         tlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv4);
2090                     }
2091                     break;
2092                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2093                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2094                 case (AFNUM_INET<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2095                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) {
2096                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2097                         tptr += tnhlen;
2098                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2099                         tnhlen = 0;
2100                     } else {
2101                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
2102                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
2103                                   GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
2104                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2105                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2106                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2107                     }
2108                     break;
2109                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
2110                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
2111                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
2112                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_LABUNICAST):
2113                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv6)) {
2114                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2115                         tptr += tnhlen;
2116                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2117                         tnhlen = 0;
2118                     } else {
2119                         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr));
2120                         tptr += sizeof(nd_ipv6);
2121                         tlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv6);
2122                         tnhlen -= sizeof(nd_ipv6);
2123                     }
2124                     break;
2125                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2126                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2127                 case (AFNUM_INET6<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2128                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) {
2129                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2130                         tptr += tnhlen;
2131                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2132                         tnhlen = 0;
2133                     } else {
2134                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
2135                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
2136                                   GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
2137                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2138                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2139                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv6)+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN);
2140                     }
2141                     break;
2142                 case (AFNUM_VPLS<<8 | SAFNUM_VPLS):
2143                 case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2144                 case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2145                 case (AFNUM_L2VPN<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2146                     if (tnhlen < sizeof(nd_ipv4)) {
2147                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2148                         tptr += tnhlen;
2149                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2150                         tnhlen = 0;
2151                     } else {
2152                         ND_PRINT("%s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2153                         tptr += (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
2154                         tlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
2155                         tnhlen -= (sizeof(nd_ipv4));
2156                     }
2157                     break;
2158                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNICAST):
2159                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_MULTICAST):
2160                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_UNIMULTICAST):
2161                     ND_PRINT("%s", GET_ISONSAP_STRING(tptr, tnhlen));
2162                     tptr += tnhlen;
2163                     tlen -= tnhlen;
2164                     tnhlen = 0;
2165                     break;
2166 
2167                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNICAST):
2168                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNMULTICAST):
2169                 case (AFNUM_NSAP<<8 | SAFNUM_VPNUNIMULTICAST):
2170                     if (tnhlen < BGP_VPN_RD_LEN+1) {
2171                         ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2172                         tptr += tnhlen;
2173                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2174                         tnhlen = 0;
2175                     } else {
2176                         ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, tnhlen);
2177                         ND_PRINT("RD: %s, %s",
2178                                   bgp_vpn_rd_print(ndo, tptr),
2179                                   GET_ISONSAP_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN,tnhlen-BGP_VPN_RD_LEN));
2180                         /* rfc986 mapped IPv4 address ? */
2181                         if (GET_BE_U_4(tptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) ==  0x47000601)
2182                             ND_PRINT(" = %s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN+4));
2183                         /* rfc1888 mapped IPv6 address ? */
2184                         else if (GET_BE_U_3(tptr + BGP_VPN_RD_LEN) ==  0x350000)
2185                             ND_PRINT(" = %s", GET_IP6ADDR_STRING(tptr+BGP_VPN_RD_LEN+3));
2186                         tptr += tnhlen;
2187                         tlen -= tnhlen;
2188                         tnhlen = 0;
2189                     }
2190                     break;
2191                 default:
2192 		    /*
2193 		     * bgp_mp_af_print() should have saved us from
2194 		     * an unsupported AFI/SAFI.
2195 		     */
2196                     ND_PRINT("ERROR: no AFI %u/SAFI %u nexthop decoder", af, safi);
2197                     tptr += tnhlen;
2198                     tlen -= tnhlen;
2199                     tnhlen = 0;
2200                     goto done;
2201                     break;
2202                 }
2203             }
2204         }
2205         ND_PRINT(", nh-length: %u", nhlen);
2206 
2207         /* As per RFC 2858; this is reserved in RFC 4760 */
2208         if (tlen < 1)
2209             goto trunc;
2210         snpa = GET_U_1(tptr);
2211         tptr++;
2212         tlen--;
2213 
2214         if (snpa) {
2215             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %u SNPA", snpa);
2216             for (/*nothing*/; snpa != 0; snpa--) {
2217                 uint8_t snpalen;
2218 		if (tlen < 1)
2219 		    goto trunc;
2220                 snpalen = GET_U_1(tptr);
2221                 ND_PRINT("\n\t      %u bytes", snpalen);
2222                 tptr++;
2223                 tlen--;
2224                 if (tlen < snpalen)
2225                     goto trunc;
2226                 ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, snpalen);
2227                 tptr += snpalen;
2228                 tlen -= snpalen;
2229             }
2230         } else {
2231             ND_PRINT(", no SNPA");
2232         }
2233 
2234         add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 32);
2235         add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 128);
2236 
2237         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
2238             advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf),
2239                     add_path4, add_path6);
2240             if (advance == -2)
2241                 goto trunc;
2242             if (advance < 0)
2243                 break;
2244             tptr += advance;
2245         }
2246         break;
2247 
2248     case BGPTYPE_MP_UNREACH_NLRI:
2249         ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE);
2250 	ret = bgp_mp_af_print(ndo, tptr, tlen, &af, &safi);
2251 	if (ret == -2)
2252 	    goto trunc;
2253 	if (ret < 0)
2254 	    break;
2255 
2256         if (len == BGP_MP_NLRI_MINSIZE)
2257             ND_PRINT("\n\t      End-of-Rib Marker (empty NLRI)");
2258 
2259         tptr += 3;
2260 
2261         add_path4 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 32);
2262         add_path6 = check_add_path(ndo, tptr, (len-ND_BYTES_BETWEEN(tptr, pptr)), 128);
2263 
2264         while (tptr < pptr + len) {
2265             advance = bgp_nlri_print(ndo, af, safi, tptr, len, buf, sizeof(buf),
2266                     add_path4, add_path6);
2267             if (advance == -2)
2268                 goto trunc;
2269             if (advance < 0)
2270                 break;
2271             tptr += advance;
2272         }
2273         break;
2274     case BGPTYPE_EXTD_COMMUNITIES:
2275         if (len % 8) {
2276             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2277             break;
2278         }
2279         while (tlen != 0) {
2280             uint16_t extd_comm;
2281 
2282             ND_TCHECK_2(tptr);
2283             if (tlen < 2)
2284                 goto trunc;
2285             extd_comm=GET_BE_U_2(tptr);
2286 
2287             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s (0x%04x), Flags [%s]",
2288                       tok2str(bgp_extd_comm_subtype_values,
2289                               "unknown extd community typecode",
2290                               extd_comm),
2291                       extd_comm,
2292                       bittok2str(bgp_extd_comm_flag_values, "none", extd_comm));
2293 
2294             ND_TCHECK_8(tptr);
2295             if (tlen < 8)
2296                 goto trunc;
2297             ND_PRINT(": ");
2298             bgp_extended_community_print(ndo, tptr);
2299             tlen -= 8;
2300             tptr += 8;
2301         }
2302         break;
2303 
2304     case BGPTYPE_PMSI_TUNNEL:
2305     {
2306         uint8_t tunnel_type, flags;
2307 
2308         ND_TCHECK_5(tptr);
2309         if (tlen < 5)
2310             goto trunc;
2311         flags = GET_U_1(tptr);
2312         tunnel_type = GET_U_1(tptr + 1);
2313 
2314         ND_PRINT("\n\t    Tunnel-type %s (%u), Flags [%s], MPLS Label %u",
2315                   tok2str(bgp_pmsi_tunnel_values, "Unknown", tunnel_type),
2316                   tunnel_type,
2317                   bittok2str(bgp_pmsi_flag_values, "none", flags),
2318                   GET_BE_U_3(tptr + 2)>>4);
2319 
2320         tptr +=5;
2321         tlen -= 5;
2322 
2323         switch (tunnel_type) {
2324         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SM: /* fall through */
2325         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_BIDIR:
2326             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Sender %s, P-Group %s",
2327                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2328                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+4));
2329             break;
2330 
2331         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_PIM_SSM:
2332             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Root-Node %s, P-Group %s",
2333                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2334                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr+4));
2335             break;
2336         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_INGRESS:
2337             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Tunnel-Endpoint %s",
2338                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr));
2339             break;
2340         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_P2MP: /* fall through */
2341         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_LDP_MP2MP:
2342             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Root-Node %s, LSP-ID 0x%08x",
2343                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2344                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4));
2345             break;
2346         case BGP_PMSI_TUNNEL_RSVP_P2MP:
2347             ND_PRINT("\n\t      Extended-Tunnel-ID %s, P2MP-ID 0x%08x",
2348                       GET_IPADDR_STRING(tptr),
2349                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4));
2350             break;
2351         default:
2352             if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1) {
2353                 print_unknown_data(ndo, tptr, "\n\t      ", tlen);
2354             }
2355         }
2356         break;
2357     }
2358     case BGPTYPE_AIGP:
2359     {
2360         uint8_t type;
2361         uint16_t length;
2362 
2363         while (tlen >= 3) {
2364             type = GET_U_1(tptr);
2365             length = GET_BE_U_2(tptr + 1);
2366             tptr += 3;
2367             tlen -= 3;
2368 
2369             ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s TLV (%u), length %u",
2370                       tok2str(bgp_aigp_values, "Unknown", type),
2371                       type, length);
2372 
2373             if (length < 3)
2374                 goto trunc;
2375             length -= 3;
2376 
2377             /*
2378              * Check if we can read the TLV data.
2379              */
2380             if (tlen < length)
2381                 goto trunc;
2382 
2383             switch (type) {
2384 
2385             case BGP_AIGP_TLV:
2386                 if (length < 8)
2387                     goto trunc;
2388                 ND_PRINT(", metric %" PRIu64,
2389                           GET_BE_U_8(tptr));
2390                 break;
2391 
2392             default:
2393                 if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1) {
2394                     print_unknown_data(ndo, tptr,"\n\t      ", length);
2395                 }
2396             }
2397 
2398             tptr += length;
2399             tlen -= length;
2400         }
2401         break;
2402     }
2403     case BGPTYPE_ATTR_SET:
2404         ND_TCHECK_4(tptr);
2405         if (len < 4)
2406             goto trunc;
2407         ND_PRINT("\n\t    Origin AS: %s",
2408                   as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_4(tptr)));
2409         tptr += 4;
2410         len -= 4;
2411 
2412         while (len) {
2413             u_int aflags, alenlen, alen;
2414 
2415             ND_TCHECK_2(tptr);
2416             if (len < 2) {
2417                 ND_PRINT(" [path attr too short]");
2418                 tptr += len;
2419                 break;
2420             }
2421             aflags = GET_U_1(tptr);
2422             atype = GET_U_1(tptr + 1);
2423             tptr += 2;
2424             len -= 2;
2425             alenlen = bgp_attr_lenlen(aflags, tptr);
2426             ND_TCHECK_LEN(tptr, alenlen);
2427             if (len < alenlen) {
2428                 ND_PRINT(" [path attr too short]");
2429                 tptr += len;
2430                 break;
2431             }
2432             alen = bgp_attr_len(aflags, tptr);
2433             tptr += alenlen;
2434             len -= alenlen;
2435 
2436             ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s (%u), length: %u",
2437                       tok2str(bgp_attr_values,
2438                               "Unknown Attribute", atype),
2439                       atype,
2440                       alen);
2441 
2442             if (aflags) {
2443                 ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s%s%s%s",
2444                           aflags & 0x80 ? "O" : "",
2445                           aflags & 0x40 ? "T" : "",
2446                           aflags & 0x20 ? "P" : "",
2447                           aflags & 0x10 ? "E" : "");
2448                 if (aflags & 0xf)
2449                     ND_PRINT("+%x", aflags & 0xf);
2450                 ND_PRINT("]");
2451             }
2452             ND_PRINT(": ");
2453             if (len < alen) {
2454                 ND_PRINT(" [path attr too short]");
2455                 tptr += len;
2456                 break;
2457             }
2458             /*
2459              * The protocol encoding per se allows ATTR_SET to be nested
2460              * as many times as the message can accommodate. This printer
2461              * used to be able to recurse into ATTR_SET contents until the
2462              * stack exhaustion, but now there is a limit on that (if live
2463              * protocol exchange goes that many levels deep, something is
2464              * probably wrong anyway). Feel free to refine this value if
2465              * you can find the spec with respective normative text.
2466              */
2467             if (attr_set_level == 10)
2468                 ND_PRINT("(too many nested levels, not recursing)");
2469             else if (!bgp_attr_print(ndo, atype, tptr, alen, attr_set_level + 1))
2470                 return 0;
2471             tptr += alen;
2472             len -= alen;
2473         }
2474         break;
2475 
2476     case BGPTYPE_LARGE_COMMUNITY:
2477         if (len == 0 || len % 12) {
2478             ND_PRINT("invalid len");
2479             break;
2480         }
2481         ND_PRINT("\n\t    ");
2482         while (len != 0) {
2483             ND_PRINT("%u:%u:%u%s",
2484                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr),
2485                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 4),
2486                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 8),
2487                       (len > 12) ? ", " : "");
2488             tptr += 12;
2489             /*
2490              * len will always be a multiple of 12, as per the above,
2491              * so this will never underflow.
2492              */
2493             len -= 12;
2494         }
2495         break;
2496     default:
2497         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
2498         ND_PRINT("\n\t    no Attribute %u decoder", atype); /* we have no decoder for the attribute */
2499         if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1)
2500             print_unknown_data(ndo, pptr, "\n\t    ", len);
2501         break;
2502     }
2503 done:
2504     if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1 && len) { /* omit zero length attributes*/
2505         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
2506         print_unknown_data(ndo, pptr, "\n\t    ", len);
2507     }
2508     return 1;
2509 
2510 trunc:
2511     return 0;
2512 }
2513 
2514 static void
2515 bgp_capabilities_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2516                        const u_char *opt, u_int caps_len)
2517 {
2518     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
2519     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
2520     u_int cap_type, cap_len, tcap_len, cap_offset;
2521     u_int i = 0;
2522 
2523     while (i < caps_len) {
2524         ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, BGP_CAP_HEADER_SIZE);
2525         cap_type=GET_U_1(opt + i);
2526         cap_len=GET_U_1(opt + i + 1);
2527         ND_PRINT("\n\t      %s (%u), length: %u",
2528                   tok2str(bgp_capcode_values, "Unknown", cap_type),
2529                   cap_type,
2530                   cap_len);
2531         ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + 2 + i, cap_len);
2532         switch (cap_type) {
2533         case BGP_CAPCODE_MP:
2534             /* AFI (16 bits), Reserved (8 bits), SAFI (8 bits) */
2535             if (cap_len < 4) {
2536                 ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 4)");
2537                 return;
2538             }
2539             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tAFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u)",
2540                tok2str(af_values, "Unknown", GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2)),
2541                GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2),
2542                tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1(opt + i + 5)),
2543                GET_U_1(opt + i + 5));
2544             break;
2545         case BGP_CAPCODE_ML:
2546             cap_offset = 2;
2547             tcap_len = cap_len;
2548             while (tcap_len >= 4) {
2549                 ND_PRINT( "\n\t\tAFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Count: %u",
2550                        tok2str(af_values, "Unknown",
2551                                   GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset)),
2552                        GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset),
2553                        tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown",
2554                                   GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
2555                        GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2),
2556                        GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 3));
2557                 tcap_len -= 4;
2558                 cap_offset += 4;
2559             }
2560             break;
2561         case BGP_CAPCODE_RESTART:
2562             /* Restart Flags (4 bits), Restart Time in seconds (12 bits) */
2563             if (cap_len < 2) {
2564                 ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 2)");
2565                 return;
2566             }
2567             tcap_len=cap_len;
2568             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tRestart Flags: [%s], Restart Time %us",
2569                       ((GET_U_1(opt + i + 2))&0x80) ? "R" : "none",
2570                       GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + 2)&0xfff);
2571             tcap_len-=2;
2572             cap_offset=4;
2573             while(tcap_len>=4) {
2574                 ND_PRINT("\n\t\t  AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Forwarding state preserved: %s",
2575                           tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",
2576                                   GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset)),
2577                           GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset),
2578                           tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",
2579                                   GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
2580                           GET_U_1(opt + (i + cap_offset + 2)),
2581                           ((GET_U_1(opt + (i + cap_offset + 3)))&0x80) ? "yes" : "no" );
2582                 tcap_len -= 4;
2583                 cap_offset += 4;
2584             }
2585             break;
2586         case BGP_CAPCODE_RR:
2587         case BGP_CAPCODE_LLGR:
2588         case BGP_CAPCODE_RR_CISCO:
2589             break;
2590         case BGP_CAPCODE_AS_NEW:
2591             /*
2592              * Extract the 4 byte AS number encoded.
2593              */
2594             if (cap_len < 4) {
2595                 ND_PRINT(" (too short, < 4)");
2596                 return;
2597             }
2598             ND_PRINT("\n\t\t 4 Byte AS %s",
2599                       as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr),
2600                       GET_BE_U_4(opt + i + 2)));
2601             break;
2602         case BGP_CAPCODE_ADD_PATH:
2603             if (cap_len == 0) {
2604                 ND_PRINT(" (bogus)"); /* length */
2605                 break;
2606             }
2607             tcap_len=cap_len;
2608             cap_offset=2;
2609             while (tcap_len != 0) {
2610                 if (tcap_len < 4) {
2611                     nd_print_invalid(ndo);
2612                     break;
2613                 }
2614                 ND_PRINT("\n\t\tAFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Send/Receive: %s",
2615                           tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset)),
2616                           GET_BE_U_2(opt + i + cap_offset),
2617                           tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 2)),
2618                           GET_U_1(opt + (i + cap_offset + 2)),
2619                           tok2str(bgp_add_path_recvsend,"Bogus (0x%02x)",GET_U_1(opt + i + cap_offset + 3))
2620                 );
2621                 tcap_len -= 4;
2622                 cap_offset += 4;
2623             }
2624             break;
2625         default:
2626             ND_PRINT("\n\t\tno decoder for Capability %u",
2627                       cap_type);
2628             if (ndo->ndo_vflag <= 1)
2629                 print_unknown_data(ndo, opt + i + 2, "\n\t\t",
2630                                    cap_len);
2631             break;
2632         }
2633         if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1 && cap_len != 0) {
2634             print_unknown_data(ndo, opt + i + 2, "\n\t\t", cap_len);
2635         }
2636         i += BGP_CAP_HEADER_SIZE + cap_len;
2637     }
2638     return;
2639 
2640 trunc:
2641     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
2642 }
2643 
2644 static void
2645 bgp_open_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2646                const u_char *dat, u_int length)
2647 {
2648     /* allocate space for the largest possible string */
2649     char astostr[AS_STR_SIZE];
2650     const struct bgp_open *bgp_open_header;
2651     u_int optslen;
2652     const struct bgp_opt *bgpopt;
2653     const u_char *opt;
2654     u_int i;
2655 
2656     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_OPEN_SIZE);
2657     if (length < BGP_OPEN_SIZE)
2658         goto trunc;
2659 
2660     bgp_open_header = (const struct bgp_open *)dat;
2661 
2662     ND_PRINT("\n\t  Version %u, ",
2663         GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_version));
2664     ND_PRINT("my AS %s, ",
2665         as_printf(ndo, astostr, sizeof(astostr), GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_myas)));
2666     ND_PRINT("Holdtime %us, ",
2667         GET_BE_U_2(bgp_open_header->bgpo_holdtime));
2668     ND_PRINT("ID %s", GET_IPADDR_STRING(bgp_open_header->bgpo_id));
2669     optslen = GET_U_1(bgp_open_header->bgpo_optlen);
2670     ND_PRINT("\n\t  Optional parameters, length: %u", optslen);
2671 
2672     opt = dat + BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
2673     length -= BGP_OPEN_SIZE;
2674 
2675     i = 0;
2676     while (i < optslen) {
2677         uint8_t opt_type, opt_len;
2678 
2679         ND_TCHECK_LEN(opt + i, BGP_OPT_SIZE);
2680         if (length < BGP_OPT_SIZE + i)
2681             goto trunc;
2682         bgpopt = (const struct bgp_opt *)(opt + i);
2683         opt_type = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_type);
2684         opt_len = GET_U_1(bgpopt->bgpopt_len);
2685         if (BGP_OPT_SIZE + i + opt_len > optslen) {
2686             ND_PRINT("\n\t     Option %u, length: %u, goes past the end of the options",
2687                       opt_type, opt_len);
2688             break;
2689         }
2690 
2691         ND_PRINT("\n\t    Option %s (%u), length: %u",
2692                   tok2str(bgp_opt_values,"Unknown",opt_type),
2693                   opt_type,
2694                   opt_len);
2695 
2696         /* now let's decode the options we know*/
2697         switch(opt_type) {
2698 
2699         case BGP_OPT_CAP:
2700             bgp_capabilities_print(ndo, opt + BGP_OPT_SIZE + i,
2701                                    opt_len);
2702             break;
2703 
2704         case BGP_OPT_AUTH:
2705         default:
2706                ND_PRINT("\n\t      no decoder for option %u",
2707                opt_type);
2708                break;
2709         }
2710         i += BGP_OPT_SIZE + opt_len;
2711     }
2712     return;
2713 trunc:
2714     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
2715 }
2716 
2717 static void
2718 bgp_update_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2719                  const u_char *dat, u_int length)
2720 {
2721     const u_char *p;
2722     u_int withdrawn_routes_len;
2723     char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 100];
2724     int wpfx;
2725     u_int len;
2726     int i;
2727     int add_path;
2728     u_int path_id = 0;
2729 
2730     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_SIZE);
2731     if (length < BGP_SIZE)
2732         goto trunc;
2733     p = dat + BGP_SIZE;
2734     length -= BGP_SIZE;
2735 
2736     /* Unfeasible routes */
2737     ND_TCHECK_2(p);
2738     if (length < 2)
2739         goto trunc;
2740     withdrawn_routes_len = GET_BE_U_2(p);
2741     p += 2;
2742     length -= 2;
2743     if (withdrawn_routes_len > 1) {
2744         /*
2745          * Without keeping state from the original NLRI message,
2746          * it's not possible to tell if this a v4 or v6 route,
2747          * so only try to decode it if we're not v6 enabled.
2748          */
2749         ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, withdrawn_routes_len);
2750         if (length < withdrawn_routes_len)
2751             goto trunc;
2752         ND_PRINT("\n\t  Withdrawn routes:");
2753         add_path = check_add_path(ndo, p, withdrawn_routes_len, 32);
2754         while (withdrawn_routes_len != 0) {
2755             if (add_path) {
2756                 if (withdrawn_routes_len < 4) {
2757                     p += withdrawn_routes_len;
2758                     length -= withdrawn_routes_len;
2759                     break;
2760                 }
2761                 path_id = GET_BE_U_4(p);
2762                 p += 4;
2763                 length -= 4;
2764                 withdrawn_routes_len -= 4;
2765             }
2766             wpfx = decode_prefix4(ndo, p, withdrawn_routes_len, buf, sizeof(buf));
2767             if (wpfx == -1) {
2768                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
2769                 break;
2770             } else if (wpfx == -2)
2771                 goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
2772             else {
2773                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s", buf);
2774                 if (add_path) {
2775                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
2776                 }
2777                 p += wpfx;
2778                 length -= wpfx;
2779                 withdrawn_routes_len -= wpfx;
2780             }
2781         }
2782     } else {
2783         ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, withdrawn_routes_len);
2784         if (length < withdrawn_routes_len)
2785             goto trunc;
2786         p += withdrawn_routes_len;
2787         length -= withdrawn_routes_len;
2788     }
2789 
2790     ND_TCHECK_2(p);
2791     if (length < 2)
2792         goto trunc;
2793     len = GET_BE_U_2(p);
2794     p += 2;
2795     length -= 2;
2796 
2797     if (withdrawn_routes_len == 0 && len == 0 && length == 0) {
2798         /* No withdrawn routes, no path attributes, no NLRI */
2799         ND_PRINT("\n\t  End-of-Rib Marker (empty NLRI)");
2800         return;
2801     }
2802 
2803     if (len) {
2804         /* Make sure the path attributes don't go past the end of the packet */
2805         if (length < len)
2806             goto trunc;
2807         /* do something more useful!*/
2808         while (len) {
2809             uint8_t aflags, atype, alenlen;
2810             uint16_t alen;
2811 
2812             ND_TCHECK_2(p);
2813             if (length < 2)
2814                 goto trunc;
2815             if (len < 2) {
2816                 ND_PRINT("\n\t  [path attrs too short]");
2817                 p += len;
2818                 length -= len;
2819                 break;
2820             }
2821             aflags = GET_U_1(p);
2822             atype = GET_U_1(p + 1);
2823             p += 2;
2824             len -= 2;
2825             length -= 2;
2826             alenlen = bgp_attr_lenlen(aflags, p);
2827             ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, alenlen);
2828             if (length < alenlen)
2829                 goto trunc;
2830             if (len < alenlen) {
2831                 ND_PRINT("\n\t  [path attrs too short]");
2832                 p += len;
2833                 length -= len;
2834                 break;
2835             }
2836             alen = bgp_attr_len(aflags, p);
2837             p += alenlen;
2838             len -= alenlen;
2839             length -= alenlen;
2840 
2841             ND_PRINT("\n\t  %s (%u), length: %u",
2842                       tok2str(bgp_attr_values, "Unknown Attribute", atype),
2843                       atype,
2844                       alen);
2845 
2846             if (aflags) {
2847                 ND_PRINT(", Flags [%s%s%s%s",
2848                           aflags & 0x80 ? "O" : "",
2849                           aflags & 0x40 ? "T" : "",
2850                           aflags & 0x20 ? "P" : "",
2851                           aflags & 0x10 ? "E" : "");
2852                 if (aflags & 0xf)
2853                     ND_PRINT("+%x", aflags & 0xf);
2854                 ND_PRINT("]: ");
2855             }
2856             if (len < alen) {
2857                 ND_PRINT(" [path attrs too short]");
2858                 p += len;
2859                 length -= len;
2860                 break;
2861             }
2862             if (length < alen)
2863                 goto trunc;
2864             if (!bgp_attr_print(ndo, atype, p, alen, 0))
2865                 goto trunc;
2866             p += alen;
2867             len -= alen;
2868             length -= alen;
2869         }
2870     }
2871 
2872     if (length) {
2873         add_path = check_add_path(ndo, p, length, 32);
2874         ND_PRINT("\n\t  Updated routes:");
2875         while (length != 0) {
2876             if (add_path) {
2877                 ND_TCHECK_4(p);
2878                 if (length < 4)
2879                     goto trunc;
2880                 path_id = GET_BE_U_4(p);
2881                 p += 4;
2882                 length -= 4;
2883             }
2884             i = decode_prefix4(ndo, p, length, buf, sizeof(buf));
2885             if (i == -1) {
2886                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    (illegal prefix length)");
2887                 break;
2888             } else if (i == -2)
2889                 goto trunc; /* bytes left, but not enough */
2890             else {
2891                 ND_PRINT("\n\t    %s", buf);
2892                 if (add_path) {
2893                     ND_PRINT("   Path Id: %u", path_id);
2894                 }
2895                 p += i;
2896                 length -= i;
2897             }
2898         }
2899     }
2900     return;
2901 trunc:
2902     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
2903 }
2904 
2905 static void
2906 bgp_notification_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
2907                        const u_char *dat, u_int length)
2908 {
2909     const struct bgp_notification *bgp_notification_header;
2910     const u_char *tptr;
2911     uint8_t bgpn_major, bgpn_minor;
2912 
2913     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE);
2914     if (length<BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE)
2915         return;
2916 
2917     bgp_notification_header = (const struct bgp_notification *)dat;
2918     bgpn_major = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_major);
2919     bgpn_minor = GET_U_1(bgp_notification_header->bgpn_minor);
2920 
2921     ND_PRINT(", %s (%u)",
2922               tok2str(bgp_notify_major_values, "Unknown Error",
2923                       bgpn_major),
2924               bgpn_major);
2925 
2926     switch (bgpn_major) {
2927 
2928     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_MSG:
2929         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2930                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_msg_values, "Unknown",
2931                           bgpn_minor),
2932                   bgpn_minor);
2933         break;
2934     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_OPEN:
2935         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2936                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_open_values, "Unknown",
2937                           bgpn_minor),
2938                   bgpn_minor);
2939         break;
2940     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_UPDATE:
2941         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2942                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_update_values, "Unknown",
2943                           bgpn_minor),
2944                   bgpn_minor);
2945         break;
2946     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_FSM:
2947         ND_PRINT(" subcode %s (%u)",
2948                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_fsm_values, "Unknown",
2949                           bgpn_minor),
2950                   bgpn_minor);
2951         break;
2952     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CAP:
2953         ND_PRINT(" subcode %s (%u)",
2954                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_cap_values, "Unknown",
2955                           bgpn_minor),
2956                   bgpn_minor);
2957         break;
2958     case BGP_NOTIFY_MAJOR_CEASE:
2959         ND_PRINT(", subcode %s (%u)",
2960                   tok2str(bgp_notify_minor_cease_values, "Unknown",
2961                           bgpn_minor),
2962                   bgpn_minor);
2963 
2964         /* RFC 4486 mentions optionally 7 bytes
2965          * for the maxprefix subtype, which may contain AFI, SAFI and MAXPREFIXES
2966          */
2967         if(bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_MAXPRFX && length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 7) {
2968             tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
2969             ND_PRINT(", AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u), Max Prefixes: %u",
2970                       tok2str(af_values, "Unknown", GET_BE_U_2(tptr)),
2971                       GET_BE_U_2(tptr),
2972                       tok2str(bgp_safi_values, "Unknown", GET_U_1((tptr + 2))),
2973                       GET_U_1((tptr + 2)),
2974                       GET_BE_U_4(tptr + 3));
2975         }
2976         /*
2977          * RFC 9003 describes a method to send a communication
2978          * intended for human consumption regarding the Administrative Shutdown
2979          */
2980         if ((bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_SHUT ||
2981              bgpn_minor == BGP_NOTIFY_MINOR_CEASE_RESET) &&
2982              length >= BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1) {
2983             tptr = dat + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE;
2984             uint8_t shutdown_comm_length = GET_U_1(tptr);
2985             uint8_t remainder_offset = 0;
2986             /* garbage, hexdump it all */
2987             if (shutdown_comm_length > length - (BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE + 1)) {
2988                 ND_PRINT(", invalid Shutdown Communication length");
2989             }
2990             else if (shutdown_comm_length == 0) {
2991                 ND_PRINT(", empty Shutdown Communication");
2992                 remainder_offset += 1;
2993             }
2994             /* a proper shutdown communication */
2995             else {
2996                 ND_PRINT(", Shutdown Communication (length: %u): \"", shutdown_comm_length);
2997                 (void)nd_printn(ndo, tptr+1, shutdown_comm_length, NULL);
2998                 ND_PRINT("\"");
2999                 remainder_offset += shutdown_comm_length + 1;
3000             }
3001             /* if there is trailing data, hexdump it */
3002             if(length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE) > 0) {
3003                 ND_PRINT(", Data: (length: %u)", length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE));
3004                 hex_print(ndo, "\n\t\t", tptr + remainder_offset, length - (remainder_offset + BGP_NOTIFICATION_SIZE));
3005             }
3006         }
3007         break;
3008     default:
3009         break;
3010     }
3011 
3012     return;
3013 trunc:
3014     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3015 }
3016 
3017 static void
3018 bgp_route_refresh_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
3019                         const u_char *pptr, u_int len)
3020 {
3021     const struct bgp_route_refresh *bgp_route_refresh_header;
3022 
3023     ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE);
3024 
3025     /* some little sanity checking */
3026     if (len<BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH_SIZE)
3027         return;
3028 
3029     bgp_route_refresh_header = (const struct bgp_route_refresh *)pptr;
3030 
3031     ND_PRINT("\n\t  AFI %s (%u), SAFI %s (%u)",
3032               tok2str(af_values,"Unknown",
3033                       GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi)),
3034               GET_BE_U_2(bgp_route_refresh_header->afi),
3035               tok2str(bgp_safi_values,"Unknown",
3036                       GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi)),
3037               GET_U_1(bgp_route_refresh_header->safi));
3038 
3039     if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 1) {
3040         ND_TCHECK_LEN(pptr, len);
3041         print_unknown_data(ndo, pptr, "\n\t  ", len);
3042     }
3043 
3044     return;
3045 trunc:
3046     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3047 }
3048 
3049 static int
3050 bgp_pdu_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
3051               const u_char *dat, u_int length)
3052 {
3053     const struct bgp *bgp_header;
3054     uint8_t bgp_type;
3055 
3056     ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, BGP_SIZE);
3057     bgp_header = (const struct bgp *)dat;
3058     bgp_type = GET_U_1(bgp_header->bgp_type);
3059 
3060     ND_PRINT("\n\t%s Message (%u), length: %u",
3061               tok2str(bgp_msg_values, "Unknown", bgp_type),
3062               bgp_type,
3063               length);
3064 
3065     switch (bgp_type) {
3066     case BGP_OPEN:
3067         bgp_open_print(ndo, dat, length);
3068         break;
3069     case BGP_UPDATE:
3070         bgp_update_print(ndo, dat, length);
3071         break;
3072     case BGP_NOTIFICATION:
3073         bgp_notification_print(ndo, dat, length);
3074         break;
3075     case BGP_KEEPALIVE:
3076         break;
3077     case BGP_ROUTE_REFRESH:
3078         bgp_route_refresh_print(ndo, dat, length);
3079         break;
3080     default:
3081         /* we have no decoder for the BGP message */
3082         ND_TCHECK_LEN(dat, length);
3083         ND_PRINT("\n\t  no Message %u decoder", bgp_type);
3084         print_unknown_data(ndo, dat, "\n\t  ", length);
3085         break;
3086     }
3087     return 1;
3088 trunc:
3089     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3090     return 0;
3091 }
3092 
3093 void
3094 bgp_print(netdissect_options *ndo,
3095           const u_char *dat, u_int length _U_)
3096 {
3097     const u_char *p;
3098     const u_char *ep = ndo->ndo_snapend;
3099     const u_char *start;
3100     const u_char marker[] = {
3101         0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
3102         0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
3103     };
3104     const struct bgp *bgp_header;
3105     uint16_t hlen;
3106 
3107     ndo->ndo_protocol = "bgp";
3108     ND_PRINT(": BGP");
3109 
3110     if (ndo->ndo_vflag < 1) /* lets be less chatty */
3111         return;
3112 
3113     p = dat;
3114     start = p;
3115     while (p < ep) {
3116         if (!ND_TTEST_1(p))
3117             break;
3118         if (GET_U_1(p) != 0xff) {
3119             p++;
3120             continue;
3121         }
3122 
3123         if (!ND_TTEST_LEN(p, sizeof(marker)))
3124             break;
3125         if (memcmp(p, marker, sizeof(marker)) != 0) {
3126             p++;
3127             continue;
3128         }
3129 
3130         /* found BGP header */
3131         ND_TCHECK_LEN(p, BGP_SIZE);
3132         bgp_header = (const struct bgp *)p;
3133 
3134         if (start != p)
3135             nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3136 
3137         hlen = GET_BE_U_2(bgp_header->bgp_len);
3138         if (hlen < BGP_SIZE) {
3139             ND_PRINT("\nmessage length %u < %u", hlen, BGP_SIZE);
3140             nd_print_invalid(ndo);
3141             break;
3142         }
3143 
3144         if (ND_TTEST_LEN(p, hlen)) {
3145             if (!bgp_pdu_print(ndo, p, hlen))
3146                 return;
3147             p += hlen;
3148             start = p;
3149         } else {
3150             ND_PRINT("\n[|BGP %s]",
3151                       tok2str(bgp_msg_values,
3152                               "Unknown Message Type",
3153                               GET_U_1(bgp_header->bgp_type)));
3154             break;
3155         }
3156     }
3157 
3158     return;
3159 
3160 trunc:
3161     nd_print_trunc(ndo);
3162 }
3163